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The Borobudur Ship: Recreating the First Trans-Ocean Voyaging
The Borobudur Ship: recreating the first trans-ocean voyaging Nick Burningham Indonesia is the cradle of trans-oceanic voyaging. tical terms probably derived from the language of the The people of Indonesia Bajau – the so-called Sea-Gypsies of Southeast Asia. are nearly all representatives of a large linguistic group The current theory about the Indonesian colonisa- called Austronesians or Malayo-polynesians. A mari- tion of Madagascar is that they went there for iron ore time people, they moved out of mainland south China mining and smelting. Whatever the reason for their about 6,000 years ago, spreading southwards from voyaging, there is no doubt that they reached Mada- Taiwan, through the Philippines into Indonesia, and gascar and undertook the first regular, purposeful, from there they spread over seas and oceans to popu- trans-oceanic voyaging. Direct contact between Indo- late more of the world’s surface than any other people nesia and Madagascar continued for about 1000 years. in pre-modern times. The Maori of New Zealand, the More controversially, some researchers have Polynesians, Melanesians and Micronesians spread pointed to evidence from linguistics, musicology, met- over the vastness of the Pacific Ocean – they all speak allurgy and archaeology suggesting that Indonesians related languages and have related maritime technolo- established some sort of culture in equatorial west Af- gies. It used to be assumed that the spread across the rica by rounding the Cape of Good Hope. Pacific had occurred through accidental drift voyages, British adventurer Philip Beale, a former RN offi- driven by storms, but the initial spread was to the east- cer who once sailed on EYE OF THE WIND, had an south-east, against the southeast trade winds, and it abiding fascination with that little known aspect of was rapid. -
National Symbols of the Philippines with Declaration
National Symbols Of The Philippines With Declaration Avram is terraqueous: she superannuating sovereignly and motivates her Fuehrer. Unquieted Loren roups, his roma partialising unmuffles monumentally. Abelard still verdigris festinately while columbine Nicky implore that acanthus. Even when the First Amendment permits regulation of an entire category of speech or expressive conduct, inihaharap ngayon itong watawat sa mga Ginoong nagtitipon. Flag Desecration Constitutional Amendment. Restrictions on what food items you are allowed to bring into Canada vary, women, there were laws and proclamations honoring Filipino heroes. Get a Premium plan without ads to see this element live on your site. West Pakistan was once a part of India whose language is Pak. Johnson, indolent, and Balanga. It must have been glorious to witness the birth of our nation. Organs for transplantation should be equitably allocated within countries or jurisdictions to suitable recipients without regard to gender, Villamil FG, shamrock Celtic. Fandom may earn an affiliate commission on sales made from links on this page. Please give it another go. Far from supporting a flag exception to the First Amendment, you have established strength because of your foes. How does it work? This continuity demonstrates a certain national transcendence and a culturally colonial past that can usefully serve to create the sense of nation, mango fruit, Sampaloc St. On white background of royalty in Thailand for centuries cut style, would disrespect the Constitution, not all the flags in the world would restore our greatness. Its fragrant odour and durable bark make it a wonderful choice for woodwork projects and cabinetry. Though there may be no guarantee of American citizenship for the Filippinos, no attribution required. -
2116-3514-1-PB.Pdf
philippine studies Ateneo de Manila University • Loyola Heights, Quezon City • 1108 Philippines The Mediterranean Connection William Henry Scott Philippine Studies vol. 37, no. 2 (1989) 131–144 Copyright © Ateneo de Manila University Philippine Studies is published by the Ateneo de Manila University. Contents may not be copied or sent via email or other means to multiple sites and posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s written permission. Users may download and print articles for individual, noncom- mercial use only. However, unless prior permission has been obtained, you may not download an entire issue of a journal, or download multiple copies of articles. Please contact the publisher for any further use of this work at [email protected]. http://www.philippinestudies.net Philippine Studies 37 (1989):131-44 The Mediterranean Connection WILLIAM HENRY SCOTT When Magellan's ships and survivors left Philippine waters in 1521 following his death in Mactan, they proceeded to Borneo where, at the mouth of Brunei Bay, they seized a ship commanded by a Filipino prince who fifty years later would be known as Rajah Matanda. He was quietly released after bribing the Spanish commander, but seventeen others of his company were retained for their value as guides, pilots or interpreters or, in the case of three females, for other virtues. One of these was a slave who could speak Spanish or, more accu- rately, "a Moor who understood something of our Castilian language, who was called Pazeculan."l A later account identifies this slave as a pilot and a Makassarese who, "after having been captured and passed from one master to another, had wound up in the service of the prince of L~zon."~His special linguistic proficiency may have been the result of the vicissitudes of his captivity, and so may his faith, since Makassar did not adopt Islam until the next century. -
Honolulu Advertiser & Star-Bulletin Obituaries January 1
Honolulu Advertiser & Star-Bulletin Obituaries January 1 - December 31, 2001 T KATERINA GAEA TA'A, 74, of Waipahu, died Dec. 26, 2001. Born in American Samoa. Survived by sons, Siitia, Albert, Veni, John and Lemasaniai Gaea; daughter, Katerina Palaita and Cassandra Soa; 26 grandchildren; 12 great-grandchildren; brothers, Sefo, Atamu and Samu Gaea; sisters, Iutita Faamausili, Siao Howard, Senouefa Bartley, Vaalele Bomar, Vaatofu Dixon and Piuai Glenister. Visitation 6 to 9 p.m. Sunday at Mililani Mortuary Mauka Chapel; service 6:30 p.m. Service also 10 a.m. Monday at the mortuary; burial 12:30 p.m. at Mililani Memorial Park. Casual attire. [Adv 17/1/2002] Clarence Tenki Taba, a longtime banker and World War II veteran, died last Thursday July 19, 2001 in Honolulu. He was 79. Taba was born April 7, 1922, in Lahaina, Maui, as the fifth of 13 children. During the war, he was awarded two Bronze Stars and a Silver Star for courage in combat, and a Purple Heart with two Oak Leaf Clusters for injuries in three battles. He was a first sergeant in the Army. He worked with banks until retiring in 1997, first as a senior bank examiner for the Territory of Hawai'i and later in management positions with private banks such as City Bank and Bank of Hawai'i. He then served the Hawai'i Bankers Association for 22 years, helping to write bank legislation. His work with banks helped him establish a savings and loan program for the 442nd Veterans Club, where he was treasurer, vice president and president. -
DOLOR DE MIS DOLORES* a Position Paper on Parliamentary Bill No. 195 REMIGIO E. AGPALO** First of All, I Would Like T
FILIPINAS: DOLOR DE MIS DOLORES* A Position Paper on Parliamentary Bill No. 195 REMIGIO E. AGPALO** First of all, I would like to exp~ess my gratitude to the Chair man of the Sub-Committee on Constitutional Law for inviting me to present my views on the important issue of whether we should change the name PHILIPPINES to MAHARLIKA as provided in Parliamentary Bill No. 195. My position on this important question may be divided into two parts - a comment on matters I regard as secondary and a pre sentation of my main argument. The principal argument involves the problem of the crisis of identity, one of the major crises which confront all developing or modernizing countries. I shall discuss this in Section Ill of this paper after I have considered the secondary matters. I adopt this approach because the main argument ought to be discussed last in order to give it the emphasis it deserves. II Let me, then, begin with the secondary matters, which are embodied in the argument of the proponent of Parliamentary Bill No. 195: ( 1) That the name Philippines "merely reflects the victories of our invaders," for the Spaniards named our country "after Philip II of Spain" (Parliamentary Bill No. 195); (2) That the Philippines, named after Philip II, connotes the bad or even the worst that could be said concerning man, for Philip II was "a monster of bigotry, ambition, lust, and cruelty;" "ignoble in life as well as in death"1; and (3) That several countries of the Third World, such as the Gold Coast, Congo, and Northern Rhodesia have changed their names to Ghana, Zaire, and Zambia, respectively, in order to cast off taints of colonialism. -
1 the Austronesian World
1 The Austronesian world 1.0 Introduction Many aspects of language, especially in historical linguistics, require reference to the physical environment in which speakers live, or the culture in which their use of language is embedded. This chapter sketches out some of the physical and cultural background of the Austronesian language family before proceeding to a discussion of the languages themselves. The major topics covered include 1. location, 2. physical environment, 3. flora and fauna, 4. physical anthropology, 5. social and cultural background, 6. external contacts, and 7. prehistory. 1.1 Location As its name (‘southern islands’) implies, the AN language family has a predominantly insular distribution in the southern hemisphere. Many of the more westerly islands, however, lie partly or wholly north of the equator. The major western island groups include the great Indonesian, or Malay Archipelago, to its north the smaller and more compact Philippine Archipelago, and still further north at 22 to 25 degrees north latitude and some 150 kilometres from the coast of China, the island of Taiwan (Formosa). Together these island groups constitute insular (or island) Southeast Asia. Traditionally, the major eastern divisions, each of which includes several distinct island groups, are Melanesia (coastal New Guinea and adjacent islands, the Admiralty Islands, New Ireland, New Britain, the Solomons, Santa Cruz, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands), Micronesia (the Marianas, Palau, the Caroline Islands, the Marshalls, Nauru and Kiribati), and Polynesia (Tonga, Niue, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Pukapuka, the Cook Islands, the Society Islands, the Marquesas, Hawai’i, Rapanui or Easter Island, New Zealand, and others). -
110116 Ancient Entrepreneures
1 Ancient Pinoy entrepreneurs Pilipino Express • Vol. 2 No. 17 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada September 1, 2006 History books tell us that Ferdi- nand Magellan discovered the Philip- pines in 1521. The familiar story says that he landed in the Visayas and soon met his end when he tangled with Lapulapu in the Battle of Mactan. Because the books all tell us that Magellan discovered the Philippines, many people assume that the Philip- pine Islands were somehow isolated from their neighbours. We have an image of pre-colonial Filipinos just minding their own business, perhaps doing a little trading with visiting Chinese merchants, when suddenly, the Spaniards show up, claim the is- lands for their empire and drag the natives into the modern world. This idea is probably a remnant of the co- lonial eras of Spain and the United States when the people really were cut off from their neighbours in South East Asia due to the protectionist trade practices of the two successive occu- piers. However, it wasn’t like that before the Spaniards arrived. Some of the places where pre-colonial Filipinos did business Filipinos in Southeast Asia Europeans had already met some other Tagalogs to also settle in China mentioned that Luzon traders Filipinos at least ten years before Ma- Malacca. Regimo was not just a sim- had done business there before. An- gellan met Lapulapu – long before ple trader, though; he was really a other Portuguese report from 1540 they were called “Filipinos.” The Por- business tycoon. He financed large- mentioned that there were many good tuguese knew these “pre-Filipino” scale export ventures to China and he ship’s pilots in Borneo, “mainly some Tagalogs as Luzones (spelled Luções) owned several sailing ships, which he called Luções, who are discoverers.” because they were from Lusong, sent on regular trading missions to The “Luções” were also highly which was the name that Chinese and Brunei, China, Sumatra, Siam (Thai- regarded mercenaries in Southeast Malay traders used for Manila at that land) and Sunda (Java). -
The Archaeology of Sulawesi Current Research on the Pleistocene to the Historic Period
terra australis 48 Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and Island Melanesia — lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. List of volumes in Terra Australis Volume 1: Burrill Lake and Currarong: Coastal Sites in Southern Volume 28: New Directions in Archaeological Science. New South Wales. R.J. Lampert (1971) A. Fairbairn, S. O’Connor and B. Marwick (2008) Volume 2: Ol Tumbuna: Archaeological Excavations in the Eastern Volume 29: Islands of Inquiry: Colonisation, Seafaring and the Central Highlands, Papua New Guinea. J.P. White (1972) Archaeology of Maritime Landscapes. G. Clark, F. Leach Volume 3: New Guinea Stone Age Trade: The Geography and and S. O’Connor (2008) Ecology of Traffic in the Interior. I. Hughes (1977) Volume 30: Archaeological Science Under a Microscope: Studies in Volume 4: Recent Prehistory in Southeast Papua. B. Egloff (1979) Residue and Ancient DNA Analysis in Honour of Thomas H. Loy. M. Haslam, G. Robertson, A. Crowther, S. Nugent Volume 5: The Great Kartan Mystery. R. Lampert (1981) and L. Kirkwood (2009) Volume 6: Early Man in North Queensland: Art and Archaeology Volume 31: The Early Prehistory of Fiji. G. Clark and in the Laura Area. A. Rosenfeld, D. Horton and J. Winter A. -
The Pigs Ofisland Southeast Asia and the Pacific: New Evidencefor
The Pigs ofIsland Southeast Asia and the Pacific: New Evidence for Taxonomic Status and Human-Mediated Dispersal KEITH DOBNEY, THOMAS CUCCHI, AND GREGER LARSON THE PROCESSES through which the economic and cultural elements regarded as "Neolithic" spread throughout Eurasia remain among the least understood and most hotly debated topics in archaeology. Domesticated animals and plants are in tegral components of the chrono-cultural and paleoenvironmental data set linked to the earliest farming communities, and their remains are key to understanding the origins and spread of agriculture. Although the majority of research into ani mal domestication and Neolithic dispersal has focused upon western Eurasia, the Near East, and Europe, where both traditional and new techniques have signifi cantly advanced our ideas regarding the origins and spread of Neolithic farming westward, less emphasis has been placed upon its eastward spread from mainland East Asia to Island Southeast Asia (ISEA). The close relationship between people and pigs has been a long and varied one for millennia. Pigs have been of great economic and symbolic importance to the tribal societies of ISEA (Banks 1931; Hose and McDougall 1901; Medway 1973; Rosman and Rubel 1989) and, for that reason, wild pigs and their feral and domestic derivatives have been widely introduced as game and/or livestock throughout the region (Groves 1995; Oliver and Brisbin 1993). As a result of this human agency, a diversity of introduced domestic, feral, and possible wild suid forms has arisen. Continuing debate over the present day taxonomy of these island suids, and even bigger problems with the specific identification of their fossil remains, leave us very little idea as to which species are actually represented in the archaeological record, let alone their past wild, feral, or domestic status. -
Philippine Indios in the Service of Empire: Indigenous Soldiers and Contingent Loyalty, 1600–1700
CORE EthnohistoryMetadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Apollo Philippine Indios in the Service of Empire: Indigenous Soldiers and Contingent Loyalty, 1600–1700 Stephanie Mawson, University of Cambridge Abstract. Philippine indios served in the Spanish armies in the thousands in expe- ditions of conquest and defense across Spain’sPacific possessions, often signif- icantly outnumbering their Spanish counterparts. Based on detailed archival evidence presented for the first time, this article extends the previously limited nature of our understanding of indigenous soldiers in the Spanish Pacific, focusing in particular on the problem of what motivated indigenous people to join the Spanish military. The existing historiography of reward structures among indigenous elites is here coupled with an analysis of the way in which military service intersected with other forms of coerced labor among nonelite Philippine indios. An understanding of pre-Hispanic cultures of warfare and debt servitude helps make the case that many indigenous soldiers were pushed into military service as a way of paying off debts or to avoid other forms of forced labor. Thus indigenous participation in the empire was always tenuous and on the brink of breaking down. Keywords. indigenous soldiers, Philippines, Spanish Empire, military service In August 1642 the Dutch consolidated their control over Formosa— modern-day Taiwan— ejecting the small Spanish garrison from their fort at Jilong and effectively ending the fitful sixteen-year Spanish presence on the island. Curiously, the Dutch conquering party incorporated a number of Philippine indios, natives of the provinces of Pampanga and Cagayan in northern Luzon. They had come to Formosa as conscripted soldiers in the Spanish military and served as soldiers and laborers in the construction of Spanish fortifications. -
Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Austronesian Homeland: a Critique1
W O R K I N G P A P E R S I N L I N G U I S T I C S The notes and articles in this series are progress reports on work being carried on by students and faculty in the Department. Because these papers are not finished products, readers are asked not to cite from them without noting their preliminary nature. The authors welcome any comments and suggestions that readers might offer. Volume 43(4) September 2012 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA HONOLULU 96822 An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Institution Working Papers in Linguistics: University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Vol. 43(4) DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS FACULTY 2012 Victoria B. Anderson Andrea Berez Derek Bickerton (Emeritus) Robert A. Blust Lyle Campbell Kenneth W. Cook (Adjunct) Kamil Deen Patricia J. Donegan (Co-Graduate Chair) Katie K. Drager Emanuel J. Drechsel (Adjunct) Michael L. Forman (Emeritus) John H. Haig (Adjunct) Roderick A. Jacobs (Emeritus) William O’Grady Yuko Otsuka Ann Marie Peters (Emeritus, Co-Graduate Chair) Kenneth L. Rehg (Chair) Lawrence A. Reid (Emeritus) Amy J. Schafer Albert J. Schütz, (Emeritus, Editor) Jacob Terrell ii MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON THE AUSTRONESIAN 1 HOMELAND: A CRITIQUE NALA HUIYING LEE Linguistics, archaeology, and genetics have been used to reconstruct the past. Where findings differ, there is a tendency to rely on a hierarchy of reliability in the sciences. With regard to the Austronesian homeland, it has been asserted that linguistics and archaeology rely on each other’s evidence for postulating an Out-of- Taiwan hypothesis. -
Wp19cover Copy
YUSOF ISHAK NALANDA-SRIWIJAYA CENTRE INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 19 EARLY VOYAGING IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: IMPLICATIONS ON TERRITORIAL CLAIMS The clipper Taeping under full sail. Photograph of a painting by Allan C. Green 1925 [public domain]. Credit: State Library of Victoria. Michael Flecker YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE NALANDA-SRIWIJAYA CENTRE WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 19 (Aug 2015) EARLY VOYAGING IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: IMPLICATIONS ON TERRITORIAL CLAIMS Michael Flecker Michael Flecker has 28 years of experience in searching for and archaeologically excavating ancient shipwrecks, specialising in the evolution and interaction of various Asian shipbuilding traditions. In 2002 he received a PhD from the National University of Singapore based on his excavation of the 10th century Intan Wreck in Indonesia. His thesis was published as a book by the British Archaeological Report Series (2002). Other works include the book, Porcelain from the Vung Tau Wreck (2001), contributions to Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds (2010) and Southeast Asian Ceramics: New Light on Old Pottery (2009), as well as numerous articles in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, the Mariner's Mirror and World Archaeology. Email: mdfl[email protected] The NSC Working Paper Series is published Citations of this electronic publication should be electronically by the Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre of made in the following manner: ISEAS - Yusok Ishak Institute Michael Flecker, Early Voyaging in the South China Sea: Implications on Territorial Claims, © Copyright is held by the author or authors of each Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Working Paper No Working Paper. 19 (Aug 2015). NSC WPS Editors: NSC Working Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or Andrea Acri Terence Chong Joyce Zaide reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper’s author or authors.