THEMATIC PROCEEDINGS

The Fourth International Scientific Conference TOURISM IN FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Tourism as a Generator of Employment

Publisher University of Kragujevac Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnja ka Banja

For the Publisher Drago Cvijanovi , Ph.D. - Dean

Edited by Drago Cvijanovi , Ph.D., Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnja ka Banja, Serbia Andrei Jean Vasile, Ph.D., Faculty of Economic Sciences, Ploiesti, Romania Nikola Dimitrov, Ph.D., Faculty of Tourism and Business Logistics, Gevgelija, Arja Lemmetyinen, Ph.D., Turku School of Economics at the University of Turku, Finland Pavlo Ruži , Ph.D., Institute for Agriculture and Tourism, Pore , Croatia Cvetko Andreeski, Ph.D., Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, , North Macedonia Dragana Gnjatovi , Ph.D., Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnja ka Banja, Serbia Tanja Staniši , Ph.D., Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnja ka Banja, Serbia Andrej Mi ovi , Ph.D., Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnja ka Banja, Serbia Miljan Lekovi , Ph.D., Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnja ka Banja, Serbia

Computer Support – Vladimir Kraguljac, M.Sc., dipl.ing.

Number of copies – 100

Printed by – SaTCIP d.o.o. Vrnja ka Banja

ISBN 978-86-89949-37-7, ISBN 978-86-89949-39-1

The publishers are not responsible for the content of the Scientific Papers and opinions published in the Volume. They represent the authors’ point of view.

Publication of Thematic Proceedings was financed by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.

ii SCIENTIFIC BOARD

- Prof. Drago Cvijanovi , Ph.D., Serbia – President - Prof. Dragana Gnjatovi , Ph.D., Serbia – Vice President - Prof. Snežana Mili evi , Ph.D., Serbia – Vice President - Prof. Marija Mandari , Ph.D., Serbia – Vice President - Prof. Marija Kosti , Ph.D., Serbia – Vice President - Asst. Prof. Aleksandra Mitrovi , Ph.D., Serbia – Vice President - Asst. Prof. Dejan Sekuli , Ph.D., Serbia – Vice President - Prof. Adil Kurti , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Adrian Stancu, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Adrian Turek Rahoveanu, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Agatha Popescu, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Agibalov Aleksandr Vladimirovich, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Alan Randall, Ph.D., Australia - Prof. Aleksandar Ivanovski, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Aleksandar Ostoji , Ph.D., Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Aleksandar Petrovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Aleksandra Despotovi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Aleksandra Teši , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Alexander Trukhachev, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Alexandr Esaulko Nikolaevich, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Alexandru Stratan, Ph.D., Moldova - Prof. Ana Langovi Mili evi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Anatoli Saiganov Semenovich, Ph.D., Republic of Belarus - Prof. Andras Nabradi, Ph.D., Hungary - Prof. Andrei Jean Vasile, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Andrej Baydakov Nikolaevich, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Andreja Borec, Ph.D., Slovenia - Prof. Andriela Viti -etkovi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Anna Ivolga, Ph.D, Russia - Prof. Anna Michálková, Ph.D., Slovak Republic - Prof. Aurelia Felicia Stancioiu, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Azra Bajramovi , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Bahrija Umihani , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Biljana Chroneos Krasavac, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Biljana Veljkovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Blagica Sekovska, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Boban Melovi , Ph.D., Montenegro

xi - Prof. Bojan Krsti , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Boris Frumkin, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Boris Kuzman, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Boško Vojnovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Božidar Miloševi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Božidar Veljkovi , Ph.D., Slovenia - Prof. Branko Mihailovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Camelia Gavrilescu, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Cane Koteski, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Christina Yancheva, Ph.D., Bulgaria - Prof. Claudiu Cicea, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Constantinos Alexiou, Ph.D., Greece - Prof. Cvijan Meki , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Dan Boboc, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Dan-Marius Voicilas, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Danko Milašinovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Darina Zaimova, Ph.D., Bulgaria - Prof. Darko Dimitrovski, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. David Jovovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Dejan Mihailovi , Ph.D., Mexico - Prof. Dejan Rizni , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Denis Muši , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Desimir Kneževi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Dimitre Nikolov, Ph.D., Bulgaria - Prof. Dobrivoje Mihailovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Donatella Privitera, Ph.D., Italy - Prof. Dorel Dusmanescu, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Dragan Boškovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Dragan Rajkovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Dragan Stojanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Dragan Vojinovi , Ph.D., Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Dragi Živkovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Dušan Kova evi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Duško Jovanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Đor đe omi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Đor đe Đuri i, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Đur đica Perovi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Eirik Romstad, Ph.D., Norwey - Prof. Elena Kostyukova, Ph.D., Russia

xii - Prof. Elena Stoian, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Emira Kozarevi , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Enisa Omanovi -Mikli anin, Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Ferhat ejvanovi , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Gabriel Popesku, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Galjina Ognjanov, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Georgi Genov, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Goran Daši , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Goran Maksimovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Goran Petkovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Goran Popovi , Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Goran Puzi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Goran Škatari , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Goranka Kneževi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Gordana Dozet, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Gorica Cvijanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Grigorije Trifunovi , Ph.D., Republic of Srpska - Prof. Hasan Hani , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. sc. Helga Maškarin Ribari , Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Igor Sklyarov Ujrjevich, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Irina Petrovska, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Ivan Mihailovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Ivan Milojevi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Ivana Bleši , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Ivana Plazibat, Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Ivanka Nestoroska, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. sc. Ivo Grgi , Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Ivo Županovi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Jasmina Bogi evi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Jasmina Mijajlovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Jasmina Starc, Ph.D., Slovenia - Prof. Jelena Petrovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Jovanka Popov Ralji , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. sc. Kadrija Hodži , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Katerina Angelevska-Najdevska, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Krasimira Kaneva, Ph.D., Bulgaria - Prof. Krunoslav Zmai , Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Laszlo Karpati, Ph.D., Hungary - Prof. Lazer Petro Narcisovi , Ph.D., Ukraine - Prof. Leka Mandi , Ph.D., Serbia

xiii - Prof. Lidija Barjaktarovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Lidija Simonceska, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Lukrecija Đeri, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Ljiljana Jovi , Ph.D., Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Ljiljana Kosar, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Ljubiša Vladuši , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Maja osi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Marco Platania, Ph.D., Italy - Prof. Margaret Loseby, Ph.D., Italy - Prof. Marina Leshyeva Genrikhovna, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Marina Milovanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Marko Ivankovi , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Masahiko Gemma, Ph.D., Japan - Prof. Matteo Vittuari, Ph.D., Italy - Prof. Mi a Mladenovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Mihael Toman, Ph.D., Slovenia - Prof. Mihai Mieila, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Miladin Kosti , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Miladin Stefanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Milan Antonijevi , Ph.D., England - Prof. Milan Po ua, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Mile Peševski, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Milena Jakši , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Milutin Đuri i, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Miodrag Brzakovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Miomir Jovanovi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. sc. Miro Barbari , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Miroslav avlin, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Mohammed Altaf Khan, Ph.D., India - Prof. Mohinder C. Dhiman, Ph.D., India - Prof. Montserrat Crespi Vallbona, Ph.D., Spain - Prof. Muhamed Brka, Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Nada Laki , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Nadezhda Tarasenko Vasilevna, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Nancy Duxbury, Ph.D., Portugal - Prof. Natalia Nikolaevna Balashova, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Natalia Sergeevna Morozyuk, Ph.D., Ukraine - Prof. Natalija Džini , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Natalya Bannikova Vladimirovna, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Natalya Kulish Valentinovna, Ph.D., Russia

xiv - Prof. Nataša irovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Nataša Simi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Naume Marinoski, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Nebojša Pavlovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Nenad Georgiev, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Nicholas Apergis, Ph.D., Greece - Prof. Nicolae Istudor, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Nimit Chowdhary, Ph.D., India - Prof. Olga Kusakina Nikolaevna, Ph.D., Russia - Prof. Otilija Sedlak, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Pavle Radanov, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Pavlo Ruži , Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Pero Petrovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Plamena Yovchevska, Ph.D., Bulgaria - Prof. Rade Ratkovi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Radenko Stepi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Radmila Novakovi -Kosti , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Radojko Luki , Ph.D. Serbia - Prof. Rajko Tepavac, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Raluca Ion, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Ramona Suharoschi, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Ranko Prenki , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Renata Pindžo, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Reuf Kapi , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Rob Davidson, Ph.D., England - Prof. Romina Alkier Radni , Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Sabahudin Bajramovi , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prof. Sait Engindeniz, Ph.D., Turkey - Prof. sc. Sanda Renko, Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Sandra Živanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Sanjin Ivanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Saša Maši , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Saša Trandafilovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Sašo Kožuharov, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Savo Vu kovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Sevastita Muste, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Silvana Đuraševi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Simion Certan, Ph.D., Moldova - Prof. Smiljka Isakovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Snežana Kneževi , Ph.D., Serbia

xv - Prof. Snežana Šteti , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Snežana Uroševi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Sonja Jovanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Sreten uzovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Sreten Jeli , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Sreten Miladinoski, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Stane Kav i, Ph.D., Slovenia - Prof. Stevan Milisavljevi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Stratan Alexandru, Ph.D., Moldova - Prof. Svetimir Dragovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Svetlana Vukoti , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Tamara Gaji , Ph.D, Serbia - Prof. Tanja Angelkova Petkova, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Tanja Mihali , Ph.D., Slovenia - Prof. Tatjana Cvetkovski, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Tatjana Đeki , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Tatjana Stanov i, Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Tetyana Mostenska, Ph.D., Ukraine - Prof. Thomas Glauben, Ph.D., Germany - Prof. Tibor Sabo, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Toma Dinu, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Vaibhav Birwatkar, Ph.D., England - Prof. Vasily Erokhin, Ph.D., China - Prof. Velibor Spalevi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Prof. Veljko Marinkovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Veronika Joukes, Ph.D., Portugal - Prof. Vesela Radovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Victor Manole, Ph.D., Romania - Prof. Vidoje Stefanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Vidoje Vuji , Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Viera Kubi ková, Ph.D., Slovak Republic - Prof. Vihren Bouzov, Ph.D., Bulgaria - Prof. Viktor Nedovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Viktoriia Hranovska, Ph.D., Ukraine - Prof. Vincent Dolle, Ph.D., France - Prof. Vladan Ugrenovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Vladimir Seni , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Vladimir Zaki , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. William H. Meyers, Ph.D., USA - Prof. Wim Heiman, Ph.D., Netherlands

xvi - Prof. Zdravko Petrovi , Ph.D., Austria - Prof. Zlatko Jakovlev, Ph.D., North Macedonia - Prof. Zlatko Langovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Zoran Grgi, Ph.D., Croatia - Prof. Zoran Njegovan, Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Zoran Raji , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Zorica Sredojevi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Zorica Vasiljevi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Ing. Zuzana Palkova, Ph.D., Slovak Republic - Prof. Žarko Lazarevi , Ph.D., Slovenia - Prof. Željko Dolijanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Prof. Željko Vaško, Ph.D., Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina - Asst. Prof. Aleksandar Đuri , Ph.D., Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina - Asst. Prof. Aleksandra Figurek, Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Asst. Prof. Andrej Mi ovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Blaženka Piukovi Babi kovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Branislav Dudi , Ph.D., Slovak Republic - Asst. Prof. Branislav Živkovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Danijel Mlinari , Ph.D., Croatia - Asst. Prof. Dhananjay Mani Tripathi, India - Asst. Prof. Dragan Janjuši , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Dragana Peši , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Dražen Mari , Ph.D, Serbia - Asst. Prof. Gordana Radovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Grujica Vico, Ph.D., Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina - Asst. Prof. Iva Bulatovi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Asst. Prof. Ivana Domazet, Ph.D., Serbia - Аsst. Prof. sc. Ivana Štulec, Ph.D., Croatia - Asst. Prof. Jovan Rudež, Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Lazar Stoši , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Luis Tiberio, Ph.D., Portugal - Asst. Prof. Ljiljana Tomi , Ph.D., Republic of Srpska - Asst. Prof. Marija Laki evi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Marija Stojanova, Ph.D., Bulgaria - Asst. Prof. Miljan Lekovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Miško Ra đenovi , Ph.D., Montenegro - Asst. Prof. Nenad Bingulac, Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Nenad Đuri , Ph.D., Serbia

xvii - Asst. Prof. Nenad Ivaniševi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Nikola Njegovan, Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Nina Maksimovi Sekuli , Ph.D, Serbia - Asst. Prof. Radomir Jovanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Ratko Ljubojevi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Sr đan Lali , Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Asst. Prof. Sr đan Miloševi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Sretenka Dugali , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Ing. Stefan Buday, Ph.D., Slovak Republic - Asst. Prof. Sun ica Milutinovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Tanja Staniši , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Vesna Milovanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Vesna Mrdalj, Ph.D., Bosnia and Herzegovina - Asst. Prof. Viktorija Petrov, Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Vladimir Shibaykin, Ph.D., Russia - Asst. Prof. Zoran Srzenti , Ph.D., Serbia - Asst. Prof. Željko Vojinovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Aleksandra Radovanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Aleksandra Vujko, Ph.D, Serbia - Corina Ene, Ph.D., Romania - Crina Turtoi, Ph.D., Romania - Danica Mi anovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Dimitrije Vujadinovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Gianluca Rossoni, Ph.D., Italy - Hadži Dušan Petrovi , Ph.D., Serbia - István Kapronczai, Ph.D., Hungary - Ivana Markov iki , Ph.D., Serbia - Jacqueline Tanti-Dougall, Ph.D, Malta - Jelena Marinkovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Jovanka Kalaba, Ph.D., Serbia - Klaus Wagner, Ph.D., Austria - Sc. Kristina Brš i, Ph.D., Croatia - Lucian Luca, Ph.D., Romania - Marek Wigier, Ph.D., Poland - Sc. Marinela Dropuli Ruži , Ph.D., Croatia - Matteo Vittuari, Ph.D., Italy - Milorad Mišo Zeki , Ph.D., Serbia - Milutin Mrkša, Ph.D., Serbia - Nada Kosanovi , Ph.D., Serbia - Rade Jovanovi , Ph.D., Serbia

xviii - Slavka Križova, Ph.D., Slovak Republic - Stefan Imre, Ph.D., Romania - Svetlana Baleševi -Tubi , Ph.D., Serbia - Tomaš Doucha, Ph.D., Czech Republic - Vladimir Radivojevi , Ph.D., Serbia - Vladimir Vara đanin, Ph.D., Serbia - Vojin Đuki , Ph.D., Serbia - Zbigniew Floria czyk, Ph.D., Poland - Sc. Zdravko Šergo, Ph.D., Croatia - Aleksandar M. Gaji , M.Sc., Serbia - Biljana Đuri i, M.Sc., Serbia - Carlos Saborio Viquez, M.Sc., Costa Rica - Cvetanka Ristova, M.Sc., North Macedonia - Dejana Pavlovi , M.Sc., Serbia - Sr đan Cvijanovi , M.Sc., Serbia - Zdravko Leši , M.Sc., Croatia - Oskana V. Fotina, Russia

ORGANIZATIONAL BOARD

- Asst. Prof. Miljan Lekovi , Ph.D., President - Asst. Prof. Marija Laki evi , Ph.D., Vice President - Asst. Prof. Aleksandra Mitrovi , Ph.D., Vice President - Asst. Prof. Andrej Mi ovi , Ph.D., Vice President - Asst. Prof. Dejan Sekuli , Ph.D.,Vice President - Asst. Prof. Vesna Milovanovi , Ph.D., Vice President - Jelena Petrovi , BA, ec., Vice President - Saša Đurovi , BA, ing.el., Vice President - Prof. Darko Dimitrovski, Ph.D. - Asst. Prof. Dragana Peši , Ph.D. - Asst. Prof. Tanja Staniši , Ph.D. - Aleksandra Radovanovi , Ph.D. - Jovanka Kalaba, Ph.D. - Jovan Ni iforovi , Ph.D. - Aleksandar Mitrovi , M.Sc. - Danijela Durkali , M.Sc. - Irena eli , M.Sc. - Jasmina Ognjanovi , M.Sc. - Marijana Seo anac, M.Sc. - Milena Podovac, M.Sc.

xix TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTERNAL DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF CAPACITY BUILDING IN INDIA Monika Prakash, Nimit Chowdhary ...... 27-45 AGRITOURISM AS A FACTOR OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT Boris Frumkin ...... 46-63 CREATIVE TOURISM IN SMALL CITIES AND RURAL AREAS: LESSONS FROM THE CREATOUR PROJECT, PORTUGAL Nancy Duxbury ...... 64-81 TOURISM OR NOT? A REPORT FROM THE SOUTH BA KA DISTRICT Drago Cvijanovi , Tamara Gaji ...... 82-99 PLANNING MARKETING COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTS AS A PRIORITOR OF EFFECTIVENESS FOR TOURISM (TOURIST) DESTINATIONS Ana Langovi -Mili evi , Milica Kosti -Stankovi ...... 100-117 FOSTERING RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT – QUADRUPLE HELIX MODEL APPROACH Jelena Ješi, Radovan Pejanovi ...... 118-135 VALORIZATION OF THE FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF DEBARCA, THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Nikola V. Dimitrov, Aleksandra Terzi ...... 136-152 LIVESTOCK AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AS A CONSERVATION CONCEPT OF THE SPECIFICITY OF RURAL AREA IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PETROVAC ON MLAVA Cvijan Meki , Milivoje osi ...... 153-171

xxii TOURISM IN FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Tourism as a Generator of Employment (TISC 2019) – Thematic proceedings II

VALORIZATION OF THE FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF DEBARCA, THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Nikola V. Dimitrov 1; Aleksandra Terzi 2;

Abstract

This paper explores the application of activities based on segmentation and valorization of factors for the development of several alternative forms of tourism in rural areas. Segmentation is based on the assumption that different types of natural and anthropogenic motifs can attract various types of tourists in the rural area of the Municipality of Debarca in the Republic of Macedonia. Through a number of parameters we value the space for tourism activities which make the basis for identification of direct market segments of many tourism types (cultural, rural, religious, mountain, hunting, etc.) designed for three target customer groups (young, family, adult). The validity of these segments is confirmed by field research (survey and interview) and qualitative - quantitative analysis. Each segment showed different characteristics of how to streamline marketing activities in the direction of development of rural tourism in the rural Municipality of Debarca.

Key Words: tourism valorization, rural area, Debarca Municipality, Republic of Macedonia JEL classification: Z3, Z32

Introduction

Selective types of tourism as the main tourist activity have been developing for more than 30 years. In this group, the most important are cultural tourism, rural tourism, religious tourism and the like. The most important of all is cultural tourism as a form of tourism with special

1 Nikola V. Dimitrov, Full Professor, Dean, Faculty of tourism and business logistics – Gevgelia, University Goce Delcev – Stip, Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Stip, Republic of Macedonia, +38932550351 +38976462745, [email protected] 2 Aleksandra Terzi , PhD, Reaches Associate, Geographical Institute "Jovan Cviji " SANU, Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Đure Jakši a 9, +381112636395, [email protected] 136

TOURISM IN FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Tourism as a Generator of Employment (TISC 2019) – Thematic proceedings II interest, whose subjects are considered motivated to travel for various reasons (McIntosh &Goeldner, 1990; Richards, 1996; Goodrich, 1997). Rural tourism has been identified as an important driver of the rural economy in the long run, which will valorize natural and cultural resources and the existing accommodation facilities. Tourism activities in rural areas are directly linked to susutainable development by supporting the protection of natural and cultural capital of these areas and using them in more sustainable ways, by estabishing a balance between economic, ecological and social wellbeing of the rural spaces ( ur i et al., 2018). Cultural and natural attracions have a central role in tourism system, representing the base for development of recreational and cultural tourism, creating the identity of the destination. Attractions often affect the type, location and intensity of tourism activities in a region more intesly than quality and quantity of tourism services and institutions (Bjeljac et al., 2013). Tourism that is closely related to the exploitation of natural and cultural resources have a role in linking visitors and places; additionally, it offers unique opportunities for local communities to generate income locally and to enjoy to have their villages being well valorised and publicly appreciated (Bjeljac et al., 2013).

Each trip includes cultural elements; however, it is necessary to distinguish between cultural tourism in urban environment (sightseeing, visiting a museum, religious buildings, manifestations, etc.) and cultural tourism or a tour in the rural environment that includes consideration and short visits to cultural monuments (church, monastery, etc.), reviewing natural rarities (if any), visiting a local museum (if any), consuming gastronomic specialties, etc. (Richards, 1996; Silberberg, 1995; WTO, 1985; Schweitzer,1999; Bachleitner & Zins, 1999; Hannabus, 1999; McKercher & du Cros, 2002).

The aim of this paper is to investigate the segmentation of natural and anthropogenic resources in a small rural area of Debarca for tourism development (Dimitrov & Petrevska, 2012; Petrevska & Dimitrov, 2013; Metodijeski & Dimitrov, 2018).

Methodology

The survey includes qualitative and quantitative analysis on the basis of review and examination of relevant primary (published books, scientific papers and field research) and secondary sources (statistics, publications, web pages, etc.). Important data were obtained through interviews and 137

TOURISM IN FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Tourism as a Generator of Employment (TISC 2019) – Thematic proceedings II structural survey with permanent and temporary residents, using person to person contact in several villages in Debarca, conducted during the summer of 2018. The research detected 12 attractive natural and the same number of anthropogenic tourist resources, that are considered to be the most important tourist attractions in the Municipality of Debarca. For their evaluation, 10 parameters with a value of 1 to 3 for quantitative valorization and 5 parameters with a value of 1 to 3 for qualitative valorization are defined. The results of the research will be presented through several tables from which graphically we can obtain useful data of the current state of the natural and anthropogenic resources and their quantitative and qualitative general value.

Basic information

The subject of our research is the Municipality of Debarca – a hilly – mountainous area with an area of 425.4 km 2 with approximately 5,507 inhabitants (2002) distributed in 30 settlements (Table 1). Debarca region is a rural area (368 km 2, with about 2,940 inhabitants in 24 settlements) of the western part of the Republic of Macedonia.

Figure 1: Geographical position of the Municipality of Debarca, Republic of Macedonia

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debarca_Municipality

The area is divided into three smaller areas: Gorna (Upper) Debarca (7 villages, the center being the Village of Slivovo), Sredna (Middle)

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TOURISM IN FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Tourism as a Generator of Employment (TISC 2019) – Thematic proceedings II

Debarca (with 5 villages, Izleglavje being the center) and Dolna (Lower) Debarca (with 12 villages and Belchishta as a municipal center). The municipality has 64 churches, 9 monasteries, 32 archaeological sites, 9 monuments, one central (Debarca primary school - Belchista) with four regional schools from the first to the ninth grade (in Velmei, Lesani, Trebenishta and Meseista) and six regional primary schools from the first to the fifth grade (in Zlasti, , , , and Gorenci), several hundred houses with rural tourism potential. Almost all villages have their own water supply system and an asphalt road leading to each of them. There are a total of 8 catering facilities with over 550 seats in the Municipality and there are no accommodation facilities (the Pochinka Motel in is not in operation for a long time) (inventory of catering facilities in 2008).

Table 1: Resources that are important for tourism development of the Municipality of Debarca Gorna Debarca MOTIVES Settlement Communicative - Natural Anthropogenic Receptive 885 m a.s.l. 4 churches, old houses, 26 Traffic connection, 1. Arbinovo close to the new Mountain inhabitants road 940 m a.s.l. Karaorman pl. Traffic connection, 1 church, old houses, 2. Lactine (pl. – mountain) 82 inhabitants close to the new 1794 m a.s.l. road pl. 945 m a.s.l. 3 churches, old houses, 92 3. Slavej pl., Traffic connection inhabitants Karaorman pl. 930 m a.s.l. 2 churches, old houses, Traffic connection, 4. memorial from the National close to the new Slavej pl. Liberation War, 58 inhabitants road 950 m a.s.l. 3 churches, old houses, 5 Traffic connection, Ilinska pl., 1909 5. Slivovo archaeological sites, close to the new m.s.s.l. Lisca 16 inhabitants road peak 1120 m a.s.l. 6. Turje 1 church, 17 inhabitants Traffic connection Ilinska pl. 2 churches, old houses, memorial from the National Traffic connection, 1032 m a.s.l. 7. Mramorec Ilinska pl. Liberation War, Rodoslovni beyond the new road izvori Event (2008), 8 inhabitants

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Overview: Mountainous and hilly area. 16 churches, 1 monastery, 5 archaeological sites, 2 monuments, old houses that can be adapted for rural tourism, also new modern holiday homes. Total 299 inhabitants. All small villages. Sredna Debarca MOTIVES Settlement Communicati Natural Anthropogenic ve - Receptive Traffic 798 m a.s.l. 2 churches, old houses, 136 connection, 1. Izdeglavje Valley surrounded by inhabitants close to the hills new road Traffic 835 m a.s.l. 2 churches, old houses, connection, 2. Ozdoleni in a valley surrounded National Liberation War 4 km from the by hills memorial, 47 inhabitants new road 860 m, in the basin, Ilinska pl., Slatina 2 churches, old houses, Good traffic 3. Slatino Artificial Lake with memorial from the National 15.5m high dam (dam Liberation War, 161 resident connection burst in 2013) Slatinski 807 m.sv. 1 church, Traffic 4. Chiflik Located in a valley 11 inhabitants connection 2 churches, old houses, 860 m.sv. Traffic 5. Sosani religious event of Glory of Ilinska pl. St. Peter, 15 inhabitants connection Overview: Mountain, hilly areas and valleys, 9 churches, 1 chapel, 1 monastery, 1 monument. There are old houses that can be adapted for rural tourism, and there are few new modern holiday homes. Total 370 inhabitants. All small villages. Dolna Debarca MOTIVES Settlement Communicative Natural Anthropogenic - Receptive 780 m a.s.l. In the basin, 767 m Seat of the municipality, Good traffic 2 churches, old houses, connection; Art a.s.l. 1. Belchitsa Sini Viroj Nature National Liberation War Gallery, Factory, memorial, Art colony and Ambulance Reserve or Belchisko Blato, area of 500 m2 gallery, 437 inhabitants School, Cafe 2 churches, monastery, Good traffic 770 m a.s.l. National Liberation War connection, on 2. Botun The valley and hilly memorial, religious event road intersection land, Sateska River of Glory of the Virgin Lodging house Mary, 227 inhabitants with 4 rooms 1000 m a.s.l. Traffic Plakenska pl. Plake 2 churches, 1 monastery, 3. Brezani Peak, Mazatar Peak, old houses, 31 resident connection, Lodging house Bayrak Peak

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6 churches, old houses, 855 m a.s.l. memorial from the at the foothill of National Liberation War Traffic connection, 4. Velmey Ilinska pl., and the Ilinden uprising, Javorec Cave, religious event of Glory Cafe

Gorno Pole Spring of the Little Virgin, 511 inhabitants 1 church, old houses, 795 m a.s.l. Traffic 5. Grko Polje event of Glory of St. In the basin George, 30 inhabitants connection 1 church, 1 Traffic Gorno 790 m a.s.l. 6. archaeological site, connection, Sredorecie In the valley 14 inhabitants Cafe Dolno Sredorecie Dolno 785 m a.s.l. 57 inhabitants, religious Traffic 7. Sredorecie In the valley event of the Glory to St. connection George 1 church, 1 monastery, 788 m a.s.l. old houses, 4 Traffic 8. In the valley archaeological sites, 294 connection inhabitants Traffic 5 churches, 1 monastery, 807 m a.s.l. connection, 9. Leshani In the basin old houses, celebration of Cafe, All Saints, 484 at the foothills Lodging house inhabitants (auxiliary unit) 770 m a.s.l. 2 churches, Traffic 10. Novo Selo In the valley 68 inhabitants connection 800 m a.s.l. Foothill 11. Pesochani of the Slavej pl., 2 churches, Traffic 95 inhabitants connection Pesocani River 1 church, 1 archaeological site, old 1180 m a.s.l. Traffic 12. Crvena Voda houses, National Karaorman pl. Liberation War memorial, connection 23 inhabitants Overview: Mountain, hills and valleys. Total 25 churches, 4 monasteries, 4 chapels, 24 archaeological sites, 4 monuments. Old houses can be adapted for rural tourism. A total of 2,271 inhabitants (7 small villages up to 100 inhabitants, 4 villages up to 500 and 1 village with over 500 inhabitants). Other villages MOTIVES Settlement Communicative - Natural Anthropogenic Receptive Traffic 710 m a.s.l. 3 churches, National connection, 1. Volino Liberation War memorial, In the valley Café 462 inhabitants

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760 m a.s.l. 3 churches, 2. Gorenci In the Struga Traffic connection bassin 316 inhabitants 763 m a.s.l. at 1 church, 3. Klimestani foothill of Traffic connection Karaorman pl. 57 inhabitants 4 churches, 1 monastery, National Liberation War 752 m a.s.l. memorial, events of the Good traffic 4. Mesheishta Ohrid - Struga connection to the Glory of St. Peter and Valley new road, Cafe Ilinden, 779 inhabitants 1 church, 1 chapel, 750 m a.s.l. 2 monasteries, Good traffic In the basin, Over connection, two archaeological sites, old 5. Orovnik 100 m long well- houses, event of Vodici- non-categorized trimmed river accommodation Bogojavlene, bank. 440 inhabitants units, Cafe 2 churches, 2 718 m a.s.l. archaeological sites, old Good traffic 6. Trebenishta In the basin houses, Event of connection, Cafe Cresober, 513 inhabitants Overview: Valley and hilly region. Total of 14 churches, 3 monasteries, 1 chapel, 3 archaeological sites, 2 monuments, old and new houses with possibility for rural tourism. A total of 2567 inhabitants (one small village up t o 100 inhabitants, 2 villages up to 500 inhabitants, 2 villages over 500). Sources: Agency for Real Estate Cadastre; State Statistical Office - Census of population of Republic of Macedonia, 2002; Macedonian Orthodox Church - Ohrid Archbishopic; Panov, 1998; Vasileski, 1999; Talevski & Talevska, 2007; Dimitrov & Petrevska, 2012; Petrevska & Dimitrov, 2013; Metodijeski & Dimitrov, 2018; Field Research, June - August 2018.

Results and analyzes

Tourist valorization or evaluation of a certain area is an indicative method that determines the value of certain natural and cultural resources for creating strategic plans for tourism development at a particular destination (Bjeljac et al., 2013). In this particular case, the rural area of the Municipality of Debarca relies heavily on the traditional cultural values and specificities of natural resources. Debarca is demographically an empty rural area, which has accumulated various contents of natural and anthropogenic resources (mountains, rivers, several springs, one natural and one artificial lake, a marshy, diverse vegetation, forests, hunting game and birds, old houses from different historical periods, 142

TOURISM IN FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Tourism as a Generator of Employment (TISC 2019) – Thematic proceedings II archaeological sites, churches, monasteries, monuments, etc.). In the course of a year, a number of village celebrations are organized, one cultural manifestation, the locals prepare a variety of gastronomic specialties, etc.

Table 2: Overview of parameters with their quantitative value VALUE PARAMETER 1 2 3 1 Tourist position poor middle good 2 Tourist equipment poor average good Infrastructure 3 poor average good equipment 4 Traffic connections poor middle good 5 Accessibility poor middle good 6 Specificity small medium large 7 Contents poor middle good 8 Meaning of the area local regional national two 9 Seasonality one season all year round seasons 10 Degree of attendance low middle high Source: Group of authors (2015)

Considering the connectivity of the area, the traffic infrastructure is quite good, as almost all villages have asphalt roads. At the moment the construction of Ohrid – Kicevo highway is ongoing, and it will pass through the Municipality of Debarca. On the other hand, the number of catering facilities is insufficient, whereas accommodation capacities are still not available. However, the rural area has a sufficint number of abandoned old houses (which can be adapted to small authentic rural accommodation facilities) and new weekend houses that can be used for tourist related purposes as well.

Table 3: Evaluation model of the tourist attractiveness of the natural / cultural resources VALUE PARAMETER 1 2 3 1 Ambience value low medium high 2 Known outside the local are small medium high Significant natural/cultural 3 small medium high space

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Differs from other attractions in 4 locally regionally nationally the area 5 Tourist visitation in the region low medium high Source: McKercher & du Cros, 2002.

In general, out of the above mentioned 12 natural tourist resources, the Source Fountain located in the village of is dominant, and represents the must-see destination during each tourist round tour of the region, which gives it a value score of 2.5 (according to Table 2 evaluation model). The second natural object that is offered for a tourist visit is the Sini Viroj Natural Reserve or Belchisko Blato with the general value of 2.2. The other ten evaluated natural resources gained a value ranging from 1.2 up to 1.8, meaning that nothing has been done for its inclusion in tourist offer (a small exception is the Gorno Pole spring with a nice landscape, which is why it scored 1.8 points) (Table 4).

According to the other evaluation model (Table 3), the similar results were gained, as the Source Fountain was marked with 2.2 points, Sini Viroj Natural Reserve or Belchisko Blato and Lake of Trebeniste were marked with a value of 2.0, while other natural goods have a value ranging from 1.2 to 1.6, which means they are not yet attractive enough for tourists. In summary, the natural assets in Debarca region have a total average score of 1.6. This is insufficient for practicing tourism, pointing that the region is at the starting point of the development process. Therefore, there is much work to be done in order to promote the attractiveness of the natural resources of Debarca region (Table 6).

Furthermore, out of the evaluated 12 anthropogenic tourist resources, four sites stand out: Archaeological site of the Bogorodica Prechista (the Holy Virgin) - Rastani site - an ancient Christian basilica with a medieval necropolis and a monastery near the village of Zlasti; then the Monasrety of Leshani (with the church of All Saints) near the village of Leshani, and two monasteries of Orovnik (with church of St. Petka and church St. Nedela), near the village of Orovnik. All four sites gained general value of 2.7, i.e. they are preceived as well arranged for tourist visit and have conditions for staying within the monastery quarters (Table 5). Similar objects are the following three monasteries: Zlestinski manastir (Church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Virgin Mary), Brezanski manastir (church of Sts Peter and Paul) and Botunski manastir (Church of the Holy Virgin Mary) that have lodgings but are not sufficiently promoted. The

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TOURISM IN FUNCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Tourism as a Generator of Employment (TISC 2019) – Thematic proceedings II listed facilities are visited during the year and in general they are in good condition for receiving tourists.

Other anthropogenic objects are not well equipped or promoted for a tourist trip. For the promotion of the two archaeological sites, with rich archaeological findings from the ancient period onwards, the construction of a museum in the village of Trebenishte is proposed. Ethnographic and historical museum for the area of Debarca, we propose to be built in the municipality center in Belchishta.

The results of the evaluation of the tourist attractiveness of anthropogenic tourist resources (Table 7) conducted on 12 anthropogenic tourist attractions show similar findings. The four sites stand out: the archaeological site of Trebenishte's necropolis and Trebenishte's Kale, with the average value of 2.0, followed by the archaeological site of Bogorodica Prechista - the Rashtani site - an ancient Christian basilica and a medieval necropolis with a monastery near the village of Zlasti, and the Monastery of Lesani (with church of All Saints) near the village of Leshani, with a valuation score of 1.8. The first two sites have higher scores because they are well-known outside the local environment and they are considered to be important sites for ancient archeology. However, so far nothing has been done for thier tourist development and promotion. Other tourist cultural attractions have a rating between1.2 to 1.6 points, as they are not well developed or promoted for a tourist trip.

Important elements of the intangible cultural heritage of this region are few village celebrations (St. Nicholas, St. George, St. Elijah, St. Virgin Mary, St. Petka, St. Peter and Paul, St. John the Baptist, St. Dimitrius, St. Athanasius, etc.) which are celebrated in several villages within Debarca Municipality. Religious events are reflected in the celebration of All Saints in Leshani, Petrovden in Meseista, Vodici - throwing a cross in Lake Ohrid in Orovnik and others. A cultural art colony, a poetry manifestation of Rodoslovni izvori in Mramorec and the event of Creschober in Trebenishta village is organized. Another event with ethnographic character is the ceremony of the wedding of Velmej - Wearing water from the bride - in the village of Velemej.

The rich local gastronomic treasury would highlight the culinary specialties: peppers with eggs and milk, stuffed dry peppers with cheese, peppers with leeks, stews, pops, compotes and others.

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The whole area abounds with old houses of traditional rural architecture. From our research, we conclude that the best conditions for adaptation of village houses for rural tourism purposes and more care are needed in the villages: Trebenishta, Meseista, Belchishta, Novo Selo, Izdeglavje, Slatino, Arbinovo, Vrbljani, Slivovo, Velemaj and Brezani. Nevertheless, the possibility of the tourism development remains for the list of villages of this region.

The basis of the tourist round tours within Debarca region would include visits and rural tourism activities related to cultural and religious events, then active rural vacations with activities like horse and donkey riding, cycling, recreational hiking, hunting opportunities, fishing, but also eco- tourism with visits to nature reserves / monuments of nature: the site of Sini Viroj (strict nature reserve), the Lake of Trebenisko, the Sateska River and Pesocanska River (proposal for proclamation of a scientific and research nature reserve), Ilinska planina, Javorac Cave and other forms of selective types of tourism.

From the research we have learned that the tourism possibilities of the Debarca Municipality are limited and should be targeted to three basic target customer groups (young, family, and adult) with a focus on special interest segments of rural and religious tourism niches.

Table 4. Evaluation of important natural tourist resources in Debarca; Author’s calculations

ATTRACTIVENESS TOTAL TOTAL POINTS POSITION POSITION MEANING MEANING SPECIFITY EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT VISIBILITY* SEASONALITY SEASONALITY CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY ACCESSIBILITY COMPATIBILITY COMPATIBILITY GENERAL VALUE GENERAL INFRASTRUCTURE Lake of Trebenishta 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 / 12 1.3 (Bobano), natural Slatina Lake, artificial 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 / 14 1.5 Belchishko Blato or Sini 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 / 20 2.2 Viroj (nature reserve) Sateska River 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 / 11 1.2 Gorno Pole Spring - Velmey 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 / 16 1.8 Javorec Cave 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 / 13 1.4 East Fountain - Velmey 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 / 23 2.5 Ilinska planina (1909 m) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 / 11 1.2 146

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Plakenska planina (1999 m) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 / 11 1.2 Karaorman planina (1794 m) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 / 11 1.2 Slavej planina (1714 m) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 / 11 1.2 Mazzatar (Bayrak 1635 m) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 / 11 1.2 TOTAL 15 14 16 17 17 27 15 26 17 / 164 17.9 Average 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.2 2.1 1.4 / 13.7 1.5 * Visibility - this parameter has no numerical value due to the lack of indicators

Table 5: Evaluation of important anthropogenic tourist resources in Debarca; Author’s calculations

ATTRACTIVENESS TOTAL TOTAL POINTS POSITION POSITION MEANING SPECIFITY VISIBILITY* VISIBILITY* EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT SEASONALITY SEASONALITY ACCESSIBILITY COMPATIBILITY COMPATIBILITY GENERAL VALUE GENERAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Archaeological site of Trebenishte necropolis 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 / 14 1.5 Archaeological site of Trebenishko Kale 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 / 14 1.5 (Trebenishte) Archaeological site of Bogorodica Prechista - 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 / 24 2.7 Rashtani (village Zlesti) Monastery of Leshani (All 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 / 24 2.7 Saints church) Monastery of Brezani (Sts Peter and Paul church) 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 / 14 1.5 Monastery of Slatino (St. 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 / 15 1.7 John the Baptist church) Monastery of Botuno (the Holy Virgin Mary church) 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 / 15 1.7 Monastery of Vrbjani (St. 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 / 14 1.5 Peter and Paul church) Monastery of Mesheishta (St. Ilija church) 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 / 16 1.8 Monastery of Orovnik (St. 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 / 24 2.7 Petka church) Monastery of Orovnik (St. Nedela church) 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 / 24 2.7 St. Nikola’s Church - Velmei 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 / 18 2.0 TOTAL 16 16 22 25 30 26 30 25 / 216 24.0 Average 1.3 1.3 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.1 / 18.0 2.0

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Table 6: Evaluation of important tourist attractions of natural character in Debarca; Author’s calculations

ATTRACTION AREA AREA AMBIENCE AMBIENCE VISITATION VISITATION LOCAL LOCAL AREA SIGNIFICANCE SIGNIFICANCE POINTS TOTAL GENERAL VALUE GENERAL KNOWN KNOWN OUTSIDE ATTRACTIONS IN ATTRACTIONS THE IN DIFFERS FROM OTHER Lake of Trebenishte (Bobano), natural 3 2 2 2 1 10 2.0 Slatina Lake, artificial 2 1 2 2 1 8 1.6 Belchishko Blato or Sini 3 2 2 2 1 10 2.0 Viroj (nature reserve) Sateska River 2 1 2 2 1 8 1.6 Gorno Pole Spring - Velmey 2 1 2 2 1 8 1.6 Javorec Cave 1 1 2 2 1 7 1.4 East Fountain - Velmey 3 2 2 2 2 11 2.2 Ilinska pl. (1909 m) 2 2 2 1 1 8 1.6 Plakenska pl. (1999m) 2 1 1 2 1 7 1.4 Karaorman pl. (1794m) 2 1 1 1 1 6 1.2 Slavej pl. (1714m) 2 1 1 1 1 6 1.2 Mazzatar pl. (1635 m) 2 1 1 1 1 6 1,2 TOTAL 26 16 20 20 13 95 19.0 Average 2.2 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.1 8.0 1.6

Table 7: Evaluation of important tourist attractions of the cultural character in Debarca; Author’s calculations

ATTRACTION AREA AREA AMBIENCE AMBIENCE VISITATION VISITATION LOCAL LOCAL AREA SIGNIFICANCE SIGNIFICANCE TOTAL POINTS TOTAL KNOWN KNOWN OUTSIDE VALUE GENERAL ATTRACTIONS IN ATTRACTIONS THE IN DIFFERS FROMOTHER Archaeological site of 2 2 3 2 1 10 2.0 Trebenishte necropolis Archaeological site of 2 2 3 2 1 10 2.0 Trebenishte Kale Archaeological site of 2 1 2 2 2 9 1.8

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Bogorodica Prechista - site Rashtani (village Zlesti) Monastery of Leshani 2 1 2 2 2 9 1.8 Monastery of Brezani 2 1 1 2 1 7 1.4 Monastery of Slatino 2 1 1 2 1 7 1.4 Monastery of Botuno 2 1 1 2 2 8 1.6 Monastery of Vrbjani 2 1 1 1 1 6 1.2 Monastery of Mesheishta 2 1 1 2 1 7 1.4 Monastery of Orovnik (St. Petka church) 2 1 1 2 2 8 1.6 Monastery of Orovnik (St. 2 1 1 2 2 8 1.6 Nedela church) St. Nikola’s Church - Velmey 2 1 2 1 2 8 1.6 TOTAL 24 14 19 22 18 97 19.4 Average 2.0 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.5 8.1 1.6

Conclusion with recommendations

The municipality of Debarca is a geographical area that is neither explored nor comodified by tourism. Our research provides general guidance in the validation of atractivenness factors, i.e. generalizes conclusions of true potential for the development of tourism in the Municipality of Debarca: - the Municipality has a variety of natural and anthropogenic resources that tourists do not use yet; - the Municipality does not have the economic nor proffesional means to develop tourism; - the Municipality has a small number of catering facilities; - the Municipality does not have accommodation facilities; - the Municipality has no strategy for tourism development; - the Municipality has insufficient human resources, as it is characterised by depopulation process.

Recommendations: - The Municipality should start developing a strategy for tourism development; - Focus should be set on rural tourism, religious tourism and mountain tourism (with eco-tourism offer); - Development of auxiliary strategies for selective tourism types; - When practicing tourism, we recommend combined round tours, with visits of several natural and anthropogenic goods; we also recomend stay in traditional village houses;

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- Tourism development requires the active involvement of more local, national and foreign authorities engagement, and also significant economic investments.

Opinions and attitudes of the local community considering cultural and natural heritage in their environment are very important aspects, since they create local perspective for the evaluation of possibilities to involve geographically limited territory into wider social, cultural and tourism flows. Therefore, it is very important to identify the social, political, economic and environmental implications of potential tourism development in the region, taking into account the manner in which the reaction of the local population can be taken into consideration in order to contribute to the support of the sustainable tourism development. It is essential not only to involve the community in the development process in order to gain the support for tourism industry, but also to provide community’s wellbeing and sustainable development (Terzi et al., 2015).

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