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Non-Commercial Use Only J. Limnol., 2016; 75(1): 52-61 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2015.1258 A new species of Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Sididae) inhabits lakes of the western United States of America Nikolai M. KOROVCHINSKY* A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Diaphanosoma edmondsoni sp. nov. (Cladocera: Sididae) is described based on material from several lakes in Washington, Cali- fornia, and Montana, USA. It differs from all other known species of the genus in having a specific combination of traits: a head with conspicuously protruding dorsal part, comparatively small eye shifted ventrally, specific armament of postero-ventral valve margin, lack of thorn(s) near posterior valve margin, comparatively long distal basal spine of postabdominal claws of slightly variable shape, and occasional presence of additional large spines on the claws. This is the first endemic species of the genus (and also of the family Sididae and order Ctenopoda) recorded in the western part of North America and, along with some other cladocerans, it forms a group of taxa highlighting this region as one of the regional hot-spots of endemic aquatic fauna. only Key words: Diaphanosoma; new species; description; lakes; Western USA. Received: May 2015. Accepted: July 2015. use 1966; Pennak, 1978) and for a long time only these two Abbreviations: species were recorded in the region. ad, adult parthenogenetic females; AnL, length of swimming Only in the 1980s, the first American native species antennae; BL, body length; DE, diameter of eye; DGF, col- of the genus, D. birgei Kořìnek (Kořìnek, 1981), was de- lection of Professor D.G. Frey (now in Smithsonian Institu- scribed and D. leuchtenbergianum considered a synonym. tion, Natural History Museum Support Center, Maryland, Later on, brief investigations of the extensive collection USA); D, diagonals of molar surface; en, endopodite; ep, of late Professor D.G. Frey revealed four undescribed epipodite; ex, exopodite; Fb, fishbones of molar surface; species and two species new to North American fauna gam, gamogenetic females with resting eggs; HH, head height; HL, head length; I, large, two-segmented, setulated (Korovchinsky, 2002, 2004a, 2005). In particular, it was seta on outer distal corner of gnathobases of tl I - tl V; i, small stated that forms close to D. brachyurum and D. birgei, outer gnathobasic seta near seta I; J, modified thorn-like, more numerous and more readily available throughout the naked, hooked seta on distal corner of gnathobases of tl III - eastern United States, constitute in fact two species groups tl V; j, small outer curved gnathobasic seta near seta I; mx I, to be further studied. To date, seven species have been de- maxillula; mx II, maxilla; n, numberNon-commercial of filtering setae of en- scribed in North American inland waters. Most of the oc- dopodite and gnathobase of thoracic limbs; ND, number of currence localities of the recorded taxa are situated in the denticles of postero-ventral valve margin; p, nonsetulated eastern and southern parts of the United States whereas seta on proximal corner of gnathobases of tl II - tl V; Pa, pales the western part of the country remained unexplored in of molar surface; Pe, pegs of molar surface; tl I - tl VI, tho- respect to detailed investigation of this genus. racic limbs of first - sixth pairs, UpBrL, length of upper an- Close investigation of a small set of samples, collected tennal branch (exopodite). in lakes of the western United States, most of which were kindly placed at the disposal of the author by late Profes- INTRODUCTION sor W.T. Edmondson and his colleagues (University of Washington, Seattle, USA), has revealed a new species, In North America, the first representatives of the genus as described herein. Recently, these samples were supple- Diaphanosoma Fischer (syn. Daphnella Baird) were mented by another more extensive set of samples from poorly described as separate species (Birge, 1879; Her- Lake Washington kindly sent by Ms. A.H. Litt. These rick, 1879), D. exspinosa (Birge, 1879) and D. winchelli samples were collected from 1957 till 2013 and contained (Herrick, 1879). Later they were synonymized with the numerous parthenogenetic and gamogenetic individuals European D. brachyurum (Liévin, 1848) and D. leucht- which allowed checking the long-term species persistence enbergianum Fisher, 1850 (Birge, 1918; Brooks, 1959, in the lake and expand its description. Description of a new species of the genus Diaphanosoma 53 METHODS DESCRIPTION Specimens for this study were obtained from the fol- Diaphanosoma edmondsoni sp. nov. lowing lakes in the western United States: Etymology. The species is named in honour of the out- i) Lake Sammamish, King Co., Washington State, standing limnologist, the late W.T. Edmondson, Professor 13.9.1976, leg. W.T. Edmondson, 37 ad, 4 juv. Emeritus of Washington University (USA), who supplied ii) Lake Washington, King Co., Washington State, the author of the paper with material from lakes of west- 29.10.1957, 9 ad, 6 males; 10.9.1958, 17 ad; ern United States. 12.11.1958, 6 ad, 6 males; 20.6.1969, 21 ad, 6 juv; 21.10.1968, 5 ad, 3 gam, 6 males; 14.7.1972, 17 ad; Type locality. Lake Sammamish, King Co., Washing- 27.10.1972, 3 ad, 7 gam, 6 males, 1 juv male; ton State, USA. 13.10.1981, numerous ad, 1 male (deformed); June Body measurements of specimens from three popula- 1990, 10 ad; 5.5.1992, many ad; 18.5.1993, 3 ad; tions are presented in Tab. 1. 28.6.2003, 8 ad; 21.10.2003, 6 ad, 5 gam, 9 males; Parthenogenetic female. Body oval-elongated with 6.11.2007, 5 ad, 2 males; 10.10.2013, 21 ad, 7 gam, head of moderate to large size (length 34.5-44.8% and 12 males, leg. W.T. Edmondson and A.H. Litt. height 18.9-26.3% of body length), having massive and iii) Lake Cushman, Mason Co., Washington State, no strongly protruding dorsal part (Fig. 1a). Eye compara- date, 12 ad, leg. W.T. Edmondson and A.H. Litt tively small (4.8-7.2% of body length) situated closer to iv) Lake Alva, Missoula Co., Montana State, 9.10.1977, the ventral head margin (Fig. 1a). Antennules small and 1 ad, leg. D.G. Frey (DGF-4411); situated ventrally onlywith nine small aesthetascs and rather v) Vicinity of San Francisco, California State, no locality, long sensory seta (Fig. 1b). no date, 1 ad. Swimming antennae of moderate length (63.9-76.5% Specimens were examined under a Lomo MBS dis- of body length), with upper branch (exopodite) either not secting microscope and an Olympus BX 51 compound reachinguse or almost reaching the posterior valve margin microscope with a camera lucida. Body measurements (82.5-117.6% of length of basipodite) (Fig. 1a). Their were performed according to Korovchinsky (2004b). basipodite is massive, with thin, hardly visible dorsal seta Three females from the former sample were dissected to on its basal part (Fig. 1c), small, sharp spine on the outer investigate the structure of thoracic limbs and mandibles. side of its apical end (Fig. 1d), small spine-like seta (Fig. Molar structure of mandibles was described according to 4j) and distally setulated comparatively long setae on the Edwards (1980) terminology. Mandibles were mounted dorsal and inner side of this end, respectively (Fig. 1k). on an aluminium stub, coated with gold and examined Proximal segment of upper two-segmented antennal under a scanning electron microscope VEGA TESCAN branch has rather large apical spine (Fig. 1 e-f), while that at the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution. of the distal segment of the branch is considerably longer Tab. 1. Measurements of bodyNon-commercial size and body part proportions and number of denticles of postero-ventral valve margin (ND) for three populations of Diaphanosoma edmondsoni [in each column from top to down: range (R), mean (M), standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variability (CV)]. BL (mm) HL:BL (%) HH:BL (%) DE:BL (%) AnL:BL (%) UpBrL:BasL (%) ND Lake Sammamish, n=15 1.33-1.82 38.9-44.8 20.2-26.3 4.8-5.9 63.9-76.2 86.5-105.0 13-23 1.57 41.3 22.6 5.4 70.6 95.6 17.2 1.8 1.6 0.4 3.6 5.6 4.3 6.9 6.6 5.1 5.9 Lake Cushman, n=12 0.85-1.12 34.5-38.3 18.9-25.7 4.9-5.7 64.2-74.5 88.9-117.6 8-13 0.93 36.3 21.1 5.5 68.2 104.4 11.0 1.2 1.2 0.4 3.3 9.1 3.3 5.7 6.5 4.8 8.7 Lake Washington, n=16 1.14-1.57 35.4-44.4 20.5-25.8 5.6-7.2 65.5-76.5 82.5-106.5 13-22 1.35 41.6 23.6 6.7 69.9 93.6 17.3 2.3 1.4 0.7 2.8 6.6 5.4 5.9 10.9 4.0 7.0 54 N.M. Korovchinsky only use Non-commercial Fig. 1. Diaphanosoma edmondsoni sp. nov., females from Lake Sammamish (a-j, l-n), Lake Cushman (k,o) and from the vicinity of San Francisco (p,q). a) Female, general lateral view. b) Antennule. c) Seta on dorsal side of basal part of antennal basipodite. d) Distal part of antennal basipodite, outer side. e,f) Distal part of proximal segment of upper antennal branch (exopodite).
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