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Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera) Zootaxa 3784 (5): 539–549 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.5.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:63CBEC43-F367-4088-A1AD-1F85D23A8C12 The ancient Balkan lakes harbor a new endemic species of Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera) NIKOLAI M. KOROVCHINSKY1 & TRAJAN K. PETKOVSKI2 1A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Rus- sian Federation. E-mail: [email protected] 2Briselska 12, Taftalidze 2, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Diaphanosoma macedonicum sp. nov. is described from material collected from the ancient Lakes Dojran and Prespa, lo- cated in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. It can be regarded as a member of the “D. mongolianum” species group. It is characterized by specific, but not readily visible features, such as the absence of a thorn near the posterior valve mar- gins, as well as setules between setae of the ventral valve inflection, and the presence of more chitinized integument. The discovery of this new species previously identified as "Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Liévin)" highlights the necessity of more detailed investigations of the zooplankton of Balkan lakes potentially populated by greater numbers of endemic cla- doceran species. A short overview of the ancient lakes in the Central Balkans is provided. Key words: Diaphanosoma macedonicum sp. nov., Crustacea, Cladocera, endemic species, ancient Balkan lakes, Lake Dojran, Lake Prespa Introduction Investigations of the freshwater plankton in the Balkan lakes started at the end of the XIXth and the beginning of the XXth century. In particular, Richard (1892) was the first investigator who listed six zooplankton species from Macedonian Lake Dojran, including Daphnella brachyura (Livéin, 1848) var. minor Sars (= Diaphanosoma brachyurum [Liévin, 1848]). Later, Gjorgjevic (Georgevitch) (1906, 1907) recorded Diaphanosoma brandtianum Fischer, 1850 (= D. brachyurum, see Lilljeborg, 1901 and Korovchinsky 1992, 2004) from Lake Dojran and other lakes, and noted some morphological differences between his specimens and other known forms of the genus Diaphanosoma, proposing assignment of the former to a separate unnamed variety. Most of the subsequent authors who studied Lake Dojran and Lake Prespa recorded only D. brachyurum (see Parenzan 1931; Popovska-Stankovič 1958, 1990; Guseska et al. 2012). More recently, in the 1980s, other species of the genus were found in some other Balkan lakes: D. lacustris Kořinek, 1987 (syn. D. birgei lacustris Kořinek, 1987); D. mongolianum Ueno, 1938, and D. orghidani Negrea, 1982 (Kořinek 1981, 1987; Korovchinsky 1987; Zarfdjian et al. 1990; Michaloudi et al. 1997). In the majority of the aforementioned publications, taxa of the genus under consideration from the Balkan region were either not described or were characterized with only a limited set of morphological detail, with the exception of the description of diaphanosomas from one Bulgarian reservoir by Korovchinsky (1987). Such a superficial study of the material might have led to incorrect identifications, which makes necessary a more detailed reinvestigation of the species composition of Diaphanosoma from Balkan lakes. An examination of samples collected in the Macedonian parts of Lake Prespa and Lake Dojran has revealed representatives of the new species of Diaphanosoma, which is described in the present paper. Brief description of the Balkan Lakes, Lake Prespa and Lake Dojran. In the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, there is a belt of ancient lakes, consisting of two different principal lake groups (Cvijic 1911). The western group belongs to the South Adriatic-Ionian Sea Basin and consists of three waterbodies, the largest and Accepted by M. Alonso: 28 Feb. 2014; published: 1 Apr. 2014 539 region populated by some, sometimes co-occurring congeners (see Michaloudi et al. 1997; this paper), should be studied further. Acknowledgments NMK thanks Dr. A.A. Kotov (Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia) for help with literature and reviewer’s corrections and comments and Prof. N.N. Smirnov (the same Institute) for the improvement of the first draft of the manuscript. The corrections and comments of second anonymous reviewer helped to improve the manuscript further as well. Thanks also to Dr. R. Darrell Smith for his review of the English text. The research work by NMK was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (no. 12-04-00207a). References Albrecht, C. & Wilke, T. (2008) Ancient Lake Ohrid: biodiversity and evolution. Hydrobiologia, 615, 103–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9558-y Cvijic, J. (1911) Fundamentals of geography and geology of Macedonia and Old Serbia. Book III. Serbian Academy of Sciences, Special Edition, Beograd, pp. 689–1272. [in Serbian] Frogley, M.R. & Preece, R.C. (2004) A faunistic review of the modern and fossil molluscan fauna from Lake Pamvotis, Ioannina, an ancient lake in NW Greece: Implications for endemism in the Balkans. In: Griffiths, H.I. & Krystufek, B. (Eds.), Balkan Biodiversity. Kluwer Academic Publ., Netherlands, pp. 243–260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2854-0_14 Georgevitch, J. (1907) Les organisms du plankton des grands lacs de la peninsula balkanique. Memoires de la Société zoologique de France, 20, 5–19. Gjorgjevic, Z. (1906) Prilozi za poznavanje slatkovodne faune Balkanskog Poluostrova. I. Planktonoorganizmi velikih jezera Balkanskog Poluostrova. Glasnik Srpske Kraljevske Akademije, 71, 190–249. Griffiths, H., Reed, J., Leng, M., Ryan, S. & Petkovski, S. (2002) The recent palaeoecology and conservation status of Balkan Lake Dojran. Biological Conservation, 104, 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00152-5 Guseska, D., Tasevska, O. & Kostoski, G. (2012) Zooplankton dynamics of Lake Prespa. Biologia, 67, 939–944. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-012-0092-z Hamrová, E., Krajiček, M., Karanovič, T., Černy, M. & Petrusek, A. (2012) Congruent patterns of lineage diversity in two species complexes of planktonic crustaceans, Daphnia longispina (Cladocera) and Eucyclops serrulatus (Copepoda), in East European mountain lakes. Zological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 754–767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00864.x Hudeč, I. (1997) Moina ephemeralis n. sp. from Central Europe. Hydrobiologia, 360, 55–61. Juračka, P., Kořinek, V. & Petrusek, A. (2010) A new Central European species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex, Daphnia hrbaceki sp. nov. (Cladocera, Anomopoda, Daphniidae). Zootaxa, 2718, 1–22. Kořínek, V. (1981) Diaphanosoma birgei n. sp. (Crustacea, Cladocera). A new species from America and its widely distributed subspecies Diaphanosoma birgei ssp. lacustris n. ssp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 1115–1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z81-155 Kořínek, V. (1987) Revision of three species of the genus Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850. Hydrobiologia, 145, 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4039-0_5 Korovchinsky, N.M. (1987) A study of Diaphanosoma species (Crustacea: Cladocera) of the mongolianum group. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 72, 727–758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19870720609 Korovchinsky, N.M. (1992) Sididae & Holopediidae (Crustacea: Daphniiformes). Guides to the identification of the microinvertebrates of the continental waters of the world 3. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 82 pp. Korovchinsky, N.M. (1996) How many species of Cladocera are there? Hydrobiologia, 321, 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00143750 Korovchinsky, N.M. (1998) Revision of the Diaphanosoma modigliani – Diaphanosoma dubium species group (Crustacea: Ctenopoda: Sididae), with description of a new species from tropical Asia. Hydrobiologia, 361, 113–123. Korovchinsky, N.M. (2000) Species richness of pelagic Cladocera of large lakes in the eastern Hemisphere. Hydrobiologia, 434, 41–54. Korovchinsky, N.M. (2004) Cladocerans of the order Ctenopoda of the world fauna (morphology, systematics, ecology, biogeography). KMK Publ, Moscow, 410 pp. [in Russian] Korovchinsky, N.M. (2013a) Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of South East Asia: history of exploration, taxon richness and notes on zoogeography. Journal of Limnology, 72 (s2), 109–124. 548 · Zootaxa 3784 (5) © 2014 Magnolia Press KOROVCHINSKY & PETKOVSKI http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s2.e7 Korovchinsky, N.M. (2013b) A new species of the genus Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Sididae) from Japan. Limnology, 14, 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10201-012-0377-5 Kotov, A.A. (2000) Analysis of Kozhowia Vasiljeva & Smirnov, 1969 (Chydoridae, Anomopoda, Branchiopoda), with a description of Parakozhowia n. gen. Hydrobiologia, 437, 17–56. Kotov, A.A. & Alonso, M. (2010) Two new species of Leydigia Kurz, 1875 (Chydoridae, Cladocera) from Spain. Zootaxa, 2673, 39–55. Lilljeborg, W. (1901) Cladocera Sueciae oder Beitrage sur Kenntnis der in Schweden lebenden Krebstiere von der Ordnung der Branchiopoden und der Unterordnung der Cladoceren. Nova Acta Regiae societatis scientiarum upsaliensis, Ser. 3, 19, 1– 701. Michaloudi, E., Zarfdjian, M. & Economidis, P.S. (1997) The zooplankton of Lake Mikri Prespa. Hydrobiologia, 351, 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5180-1_6 Millette, K.L., Xu, S., Witt, J.D.S. & Cristescu, M.E. (2011) Pleistocene-driven diversification
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