Lake Tanganyika Research: Summary of the Scientific Programme 1992-98
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RESEARCH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHERIES ON LAKE TANGANYIKA GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/94(En) GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/94(En) June 1999 LAKE TANGANYIKA RESEARCH: SUMMARY OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME 1992-98 Edited By: O.V. Lindqvist, H. Mölsä & J. Sarvala FINNISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Bujumbura, June 1999 The conclusions and recommendations given in this and other reports in the Research for the Management of the Fisheries on the Lake Tanganyika Project series are those considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the Project. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of FAO or FINNIDA concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the determination of its frontiers or boundaries. PREFACE The Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika project (LTR) became fully operational in January 1992. It is executed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Finnish International Development Agency (FINNIDA) and the Arab Gulf Program for the United Nations Development Organization (AGFUND). LTR's objective is the determination of the biological basis for fish production on Lake Tanganyika, in order to permit the formulation of a coherent lake-wide fisheries management policy for the four riparian States (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia). Particular attention is given to the reinforcement of the skills and physical facilities of the fisheries research units in all four beneficiary countries as well as to the build-up of effective coordination mechanisms to ensure full collaboration between the Governments concerned. Prof. O.V. LINDQVIST Dr. George HANEK LTR Scientific Coordinator LTR Coordinator LAKE TANGANYIKA RESEARCH (LTR) FAO B.P. 1250 BUJUMBURA BURUNDI Telex: FOODAGRI BDI 5092 Tel: (257) 22.97.60 Fax: (257) 22.97.61 E-mail: [email protected] GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/94 (En) iii GCP/RAF/271/FIN PUBLICATIONS Publications of the project are issued in two series: * a series of technical documents (GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD) related to meetings, missions and research organized by the project; * a series of manuals and field guides (GCP/RAF/271/FIN-FM) related to training and field work activities conducted in the framework of the project. For both series, reference is further made to the document number (01), and the language in which the document is issued: English (En) and/or French (Fr). F or bibliographic purposes this document s hould be cited as follows : Lindqvist, O.V., H. Mölsä & J. Sarvala (Eds.) ‘Lake 1999 Tanganyika Research: Summary of the Scientific Programme 1992-98.’ FAO/FINNIDA Research for the Management of the Fisheries of Lake Tanganyika. GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/94(En): 102p. GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/94 (En) iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION........................................................................................1 Mölsä, H., J.E. Reynolds & O.V. Lindqvist 1.1 LTR SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY...............................................................................................................................................1 1.2 LAKE TANGANYIKA OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 General features................................................................................................................................................................2 1.1.2 Ecosystem and fisheries..................................................................................................................................................2 1.1.2 Ecosystem and fisheries..................................................................................................................................................3 1.2 LTR SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME........................................................................................................................................5 1.2.1 Objectives...........................................................................................................................................................................5 1.2.2 Implementation..................................................................................................................................................................6 1.2.3 Outcomes.............................................................................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER 2. HYDRODYNAMICS AND HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING.........................................10 Huttula, T., Peltonen, A. Podsetchine, V. & P, Kotilainen, B. Kakogozo, L. Makasa, S. Muhoza and J-M. Tumba 2.1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................................10 2.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS..........................................................................................................................................11 2.3 RESULTS....................................................................................................................................................................................12 2.3.1 Water level........................................................................................................................................................................12 2.3.2 Thermal regime.................................................................................................................................................................12 2.3.4 Water circulation............................................................................................................................................................13 2.3.5 Modelling.........................................................................................................................................................................14 2.4. CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................................................................................................15 CHAPTER 3. REMOTE SENSING....................................................................................................26 Tuomainen, V. J. Parkkinen, H. Mölsä & O.V.Lindqvist 3.1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................................26 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS..........................................................................................................................................27 3.3. RESULTS....................................................................................................................................................................................28 3.3.1 Satellite data and processing scheme........................................................................................................................28 3.3.2 Vegetation index.............................................................................................................................................................29 3.3.3 Surface temperature.........................................................................................................................................................29 3.3.4 Upwelling.........................................................................................................................................................................29 3.3.5 Thermal changes..............................................................................................................................................................30 3.4. CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................................................................................................30 CHAPTER 4. LIMNOLOGY AND PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTION.............................33 Sarvala, J., K.Salonen, P-D, Plisnier, V. Langenberg, L. Mwape, D. Chitamwebwa, K.Tshibangu and E. Coenen 4.1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................................33 4.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS..........................................................................................................................................34 4.3. RESULTS....................................................................................................................................................................................35 4.3.1 Bacterioplankton production......................................................................................................................................37 4.3.2 DOC determinations and total community respiration........................................................................................38 4.4 CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................................................................................................38