Maryland Historical Magazine, 1985, Volume 80, Issue No. 3
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Maryland Historical Magazine * r. "^ EDMONDSON " -'ir-':-'"- f f iBlMtfiVriiJnBi Published Quarterly by The Museum and Library of Maryland History The Maryland Historical Society Fall 1985 THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS, 1984-1985 J. Fife Symington, Jr., Chairman* Robert G. Merrick, ST., Honorary Chairman Brian B. Topping, President* Mrs. Charles W. Cole, Jr., Vice President* William C. Whitridge, Vice President* E. Phillips Hathaway, Vice President* Richard P. Moran, Secretary* Samuel Hopkins, Vice President* Mrs. Frederick W. Lafferty, Treasurer* Walter D. Pinkard, Sr., Vice President* Leonard C. Crewe, Jr., Past President* Truman T. Semans, Vice President* Bryson L. Cook, Counsel* Frank H. Weller, Jr., Vice President* * The officers listed above constitute the Society's Executive Committee. BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1984-1985 H. Furlong Baldwin William S. James, Harford Co. Mrs. Emory J. Barber, St. Mary's Co. H. Irvine Keyser II (Honorary) Gary Black, Jr. Richard R. Kline, Frederick Co. John E. Boulais, Caroline Co. Robert G. Merrick, Jr. J. Henry Butta Michael Middleton, Charles Co. Mrs. James Frederick Colwill (Honorary) Jack Moseley Owen Daly II Thomas S. Nichols (Honorary) Donald L. DeVries James L. Olfson, Anne Arundel Co. Leslie B. Disharoon Eleanor A. Owen Deborah B. English Mrs. Brice Phillips, Worcester Co. Jerome Geckle J. Hurst Purnell, Jr., Kent Co. William Gilchrist, Allegany Co. George M. Radcliffe Louis L. Goldstein, Calvert Co. Adrian P. Reed, Queen Anne's Co. Kingdon Gould, Jr., Howard Co. G. Donald Riley, Jr., Carroll Co. William Grant, Garrett Co. Mrs. Timothy Rodgers Benjamin H. Griswold III David Rogers, Wicomico Co. Willard Hackerman John D. Schapiro R. Patrick Hayman, Somerset Co. Jacques T. Schlenger Louis G. Hecht Jess Joseph Smith, Jr., Prince George's Co. Edwin Mason Hendrickson, Washington Co. John T. Stinson T. Hughlett Henry, Jr., Talbot Co. Bernard C. Trueschler Michael Hoffberger Thomas D. Washburne E. Ralph Hostetter, Cecil Co. Jeffrey P. Williamson, Dorchester Co. COUNCIL, 1984-1985 William Arnold Mrs. Jay Katz Mrs. Howard Baetjer II Mrs. John S. Kerns, Jr. Dr. D. Randall Beirne Jon Harlan Livezey Dr. George H. Callcott Walter D. Pinkard Mrs. Dudley I. Catzen George M. Radcliffe Donald L. DeVries Vernon Stricklin Mrs. Hammond J. Dugan III William C. Whitridge Arthur J. Gutman J. Jefferson Miller II, Director Barbara Wells Sarudy, Administrative Karen A. Stuart, Acting Head Librarian Director Stiles Tuttle Colwill, Curator of the Gallery Judith Van Dyke, Education Director MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE (ISSN 0025-4268) is published quarterly by The Museum and Library of Maryland History, The Maryland Historical Society, 201 W. Monument St., Baltimore, Md. 21201. Second class postage paid at Baltimore, Md. and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER please send address changes to the MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 201 W. Monument St., Baltimore, Md. 21201. Composed and printed by Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Md. 21202. e Copyright 1985, The Museum and Library of Maryland History, The Maryland Historical Society. ^'4-3 ARYLAND Volume 80 Number 3 ISTOmCAL Fall 1985 ISSN-0025-4258 CONTENTS W. Edward Orser The Making of a Baltimore Rowhouse Community: The Ed- mondson Avenue Area, 1915-1945 203 William G. Bodenstein St. Michaels, Maryland: An 18th Century Speculative Devel- opment 228 Merle T. Cole W-25: The Davidsonville Site and Maryland Air Defense, 1950- 1974 240 Richard R. Duncan Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations on Maryland His- tory 261 Book Reviews Kenny, The Placenames of Maryland, Their Origin and Meaning, and Kaminkow, Maryland A to Z: A Topographical Dictionary, by Gary L. Browne • Skaggs, ed., The Poetic Writings of Thomas Cradock, 1718-1770, by Elaine G. Breslaw • Steffen, The Mechanics of Baltimore: Workers and Politics in the Age of Revolution, 1763-1812, by Frank A. Cassell 277 MARYLAND MAGAZINE OF GENEALOGY Irwin M. Berent The East European Jewish Immigrant in America: An Index of the 1900 Baltimore Census 280 Book Notes Carroll County Genealogical Society, A Guide to Genealogical Research in Carroll County, by Gary W. Parks • Moxey, 7850 Census of Dorchester County, Maryland, by Robert Barnes • Riley, 7860 Census of Talbot County, Maryland, by Robert Barnes • Schweitzer, War of 1812 Genealogy, by Robert Barnes • Schweitzer, South Carolina Genealogical Research, by Robert Barnes 307 NEWS AND NOTICES 309 MARYLAND PICTURE PUZZLE 311 HALL OF RECORDS LIBRARY ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND mm ^pfr W FRANKLIN 649 Fire insurance maps, like those prepared by the Sanborn Map Company, provide an excellent resource for local history research. Frequently, the base maps were updated by direct application of overlays, so that they afford a physical record of change over time. This portion from Sanborn's Insurance Maps of Baltimore, Md., showing a section of Edmondson Avenue just west of Hilton Street, was originally published in 1914, when development had just begun; subsequent overlays (slightly lighter in the photo) included additional development to 1927. Structures are color-coded by building material, with red representing brick, yellow for frame, and blue for cement block. Letter designations distinguish between dwellings ("D"), stores ("S"), and garages ("A"), while other struc- tures—churches, schools, workplaces—are identified by name. Intended to provide detailed information of practical contemporary application for insurance underwriters, the maps are a valuable source for local historians as well. (The map is reproduced with the permission of the Sanborn Map Company and through the courtesy of the Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore.) The Making of a Baltimore Rowhouse Community: The Edmondson Avenue Area, 1915-1945 W. EDWARD ORSER ... because of the electric railway, the very modest wage earner, no less than the prosperous business man, might leave his wife to breathe fresh country air and his children to romp over green fields, and yet not be further removed from them in point of time than if they were crowded into some sunless, damp court. —William A. House, president of Baltimore's United Railways (1912)1 AN HIS NOW CLASSIC STUDY OF BOSTON'S car-early auto, rowhouse suburb which late nineteenth-century streetcar suburbs, took root in the Edmondson Avenue corri- Sam Bass Warner, Jr., observed that de- dor of West Baltimore in the early decades velopers had not built communities; they of the twentieth century; experienced the had built streets of houses. Yet, as Warner housing boom of the 1920s and continued made clear, the results had been neighbor- growth thereafter; created a new commu- hoods whose social and economic structures nity with its defined turf, distinctive social differentiated them very clearly from older character, and patterned culture; only to sections of the previous walking city. The succumb totally and rapidly to white flight, new suburban metropolis of Boston by 1900 fueled by blockbusting and consumed by functioned as a "selective melting pot" in racial fears, in the late 1950s and early which "people were separated by income 1960s. Such a scenario was not untypical and mixed together with little regard to for the era—in countless communities in national origin."2 As a whole genre of social urban centers like Baltimore and else- mobility studies have demonstrated, the where—yet its very "typicality" deserves nineteenth-century city was characterized investigation, because it poses a two-fold by extremely high rates of residential mo- question: 1) what was the social and cul- bility and by lesser degrees of social mobil- tural character of these new, highly differ- ity.3 While we know a great deal about the entiated middle income urban neighbor- phenomenon of change at the metropolitan hoods, and 2) why did they respond as they level, we have few studies from this or did to the prospect of racial change? The subsequent periods which filter the process present study will focus on the first ques- of differentiation to the neighborhood level tion, hoping to find in it some clue to fur- to consider the dynamic of change and sta- ther investigation of the second. bility in the newly established communities Two factors stand out in the formative in such cities as Boston or Baltimore, where stage of the Edmondson community's the streetcar suburb phenomenon oc- growth, from 1915 to 1945: first, the process curred.4 of development and settlement interacted The present study will examine one man- to produce a social definition which re- ifestation of this phenomenon, a late street- mained remarkably consistent over the de- cades, functioning as a cushion for consid- Dr. Orser teaches in the American Studies Depart- erable degrees of social change; second, the ment of the University of Maryland, Baltimore differentiated conception of community County. provided the appearance of stability and 203 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE VOL. 80 No. 3, FALL 1985 204 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE security, but in reality was quite fragile, to the way in which social characteristics proving to be an inadequate basis for adap- were mirrored in the rowhouse commu- tation to change which it could not contain. nity's culture.7 If developers didn't build communities, nei- A prior word about the Edmondson ther was the social and cultural structure area's earlier history and character is in of the communities which emerged a matter order. With its western boundary near the of happenstance, but rather a complex in- crest of the uplands that ring Baltimore on terplay of individual