DOCSLIB.ORG

John M. Clayton and the Search for Order: a Study in Whig Politics and Diplomacy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
John M. Clayton and the Search for Order: a Study in Whig Politics and Diplomacy JOHN M. CLAYTON AND THE SEARCH FOR ORDER: A STUDY IN WHIG POLITICS AND DIPLOMACY by Richard Arden Wire /1/ Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1971 c.~p ..J.. ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: John M. Clayton and the Search for Order: A Study in Whig Politics and Diplomacy Richard Arden Wire, Doctor of Philosophy, 1971 Thesis directed by: Dean David S. Sparks As a Whig politician and diplomatist John M. Clayton participated in the search for an orderly republic to be achieved and maintained by the politics of moderation. Driven by a sense of duty but haunted by a recurring feeling of desolation in his personal life, he did make some impor­ tant contributions to that search for order. Ultimately, however, his limited success epitomized the plight of a moderate politician in an age of growing instability. Clayton was born and educated in downstate Delaware and the Connecticut River Valley where society was characterized by respect for order. A lawyer by profession, he defined order in legal and constitutional terms. Above all, he urged a reliance on the institutions and standards of the past, which, he believed, needed continuing but relatively minor modifications to meet the needs of the present. For Clayton the road to power lay in manipulating institutions and the men in those institutions. The state legislature elected him to the United States Senate four times, the Governor appointed him Delaware Chief Justice in 1837, and President Zachary Taylor named him Secretary of State at midcentury. Stable institutions and a generation of Whig ascendancy in Delaware gave him a secure, if not large, power base from which to enter national politics, where he served from 1829 to his death in 1856. In confronting the question of slavery extension during the late 1840's, Clayton urged Congress, and later President Taylor, to bring order and' civil authority to the territories gained from Mexico in a way that would not jeopardize the stability of the Union. In 1848 the House of Representatives rejected the Senate-passed Clayton Compromise bill, which embodied a judicial solution of that question by appealing ultimately to the Supreme Court. Shortly afterwards, as Secretary of State, he proposed that the constitutional question of congressional power over slavery in the terri­ tories be obviated by admitting California and New Mexico as states and thus enabling them to deal exclusively with the peculiar institution. Congress, however, discarded the so-called Taylor plan and, following the General's death, passed the Compromise of 1850, a dubious accomplishment in Clayton's opinion. Although Clayton's sensitivity to criticism made him impulsive at times in his diplomacy, as Secretary of State he tried to strengthen the fabric of an orderly world. For strategic and commercial reasons he challenged British domi­ nation of Central America and attempted to bring about Anglo-American cooperation concerning the isthmus and its projected interoceanic canal. Through the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 he obligated Britain to abandon its uni­ late1-al policy in Central America and pursue a bilateral policy there. During the final six years of his life, Clayton tried to halt the fragmentation of American conservatism and unify the proponents of an orderly republic. He first sought to make foreign policy, particularly the enforcement of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, the basis of national political reorganization. In doing so, he misjudged the prospects of avoiding sectional agitation at home by emphasizing the British threat abroad. After realizing his mistake, he attempted to compromise the question of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska territories and postpone disruptive decisions until time had permitted passions to cool and reason to reassert itself. Despite his best efforts, however, the politics of accommodation gave way to the politics of confrontation, and the Union began to divide. In his personal life Clayton's search for order was thwarted early by the death of his young wife, later by that of his two sons, then by the disappearance of the old Whig organization leaving him a man without a party, and finally by the steady erosion of the Union he loved so much. In the last months of his life, therefore, he turned to the Christian faith as the consummation of his search for order. '. PREFACE Growing out of a general concern with Whig politics, this dissertation portrays John M. Clayton as a moderate politician in an age of in~reasing sectional agitation. According to its conclusions, his efforts to achieve, or restore, a republic of order faltered and collapsed in the mid-1850's when the politics of confrontation superseded the politics of accommodation. As his hopes for the national community diminished, he carried his personal search for order beyond the realm of state, national, and international politics. By turning to the Christian faith, he probed the eternal dimension of order and community. Previous historical literature on Clayton has been limited almost entirely to his sixteen-month tenure as Secretary of State. Therefore, while not neglecting his diplomacy, this dissertation has given primary attention to his political career. Consideration of his family life and legal career, furthermore, has been essential to an understanding of Clayton both as a politician and as a diplomatist. Finally, the religious experience which consummated his search for order illustrates the impact of evangelical Christianity on America during the middle of the nineteenth century. ii The need for a full-length biography of Clayton has long existed. The only comprehensive book on him is the impressionistic and eulogistic Memoir of John M. Clayton (1882) by Joseph P. Comegys, his former law-apprentice, the husband of his niece, and his successor for a short time in the United States Senate. It has value as primary source material but must be used with some care. Many decades ago Mary Wilhelmine Williams wrote a brief sketch of Clayton for the Dictionary of American Biography and a detailed account of his diplomacy for volume VI of Samuel Flagg Bemis, ed., The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy, In these efforts Professor Williams drew on her earlier study, Anglo-American Isthmian Diplomacy, 1815-1915 (1916), which superseded Ira Dudley Travis' The History of the Clayton­ Bu1wer Treaty (1900) as the standard monograph on the subject. The time has thus come for a reexamination of Clayton's diplomacy, and this dissertation begins that task. Although I have not yet examined the diplomatic records so thoroughly as the political sources, I am convinced that Clayton merely escalated his search for order to the inter­ national level when he became Secretary of State. The general picture of Clayton the diplomatist is sufficiently clear. Further research, however, will undoubtedly add important nuances. For their assistance during the various stages of the dissertation, I am indebted to many persons and institutions. Clayton Douglass Buck, Jr., of Wilmington, Delaware, kindly iv granted me access to his extensive collection of Clayton correspondence. Professor John A. Munroe of the University of Delaware permitted me to use his transcriptions of the Clayton letters in the John W. Houston Manuscripts, with the approval of Miss Elisabeth W. Houston of Georgetown, Dela­ ware. The staffs at numerous institutions facilitated my research, particularly those at the Library of Congress, the Interlibrary Loan Department of the University of Maryland, the Historical Society of Delaware, the Eleutherian Mills Historical Library, the Delaware Public Archives, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the University of Pennsylvania Library, Yale University Library and Archives, and the Western Reserve Historical Society. My special thanks go to Professors Wayne S. Cole and Elbert B. Smith for reading the dissertation and offering helpful suggestions, to Ginger Molvar for typing the manu­ script, and to my parents for lending their moral and financial support. Finally, I wish to thank my adviser, Dean David S. Sparks, for his understanding and guidance during the period of my graduate training. In a Middle Period seminar several years ago, he called my attention to the need for a biography of Clayton and has since inspired me to formulate and develop the main theme of the dissertation. For his kind and patient supervision I am most grateful. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page PREFACE . ii 1. I HELD MY OWN REMARKABLY. 1 II. DOOMED TO POLITICAL CONTENTION. 27 III. I HAVE TAKEN MY STAND IN THE MIDDLE 73 IV. THE TIMES ARE DREADFULLY OUT OF JOINT 126 V. THE DEMON OF DISCORD .... 188 VI. A NEW ERA IN THE HISTORY OF THE REPUBLIC .... 245 VII. THE CLAYTON-BULWER TREATY AND THE END OF THE NEW ERA. .. 288 VIII. TO GATHER THE FRAGMENTS OF CONSERVATISM TOGETHER . .. 328 IX. THE STATESMANSHIP OF THE LAST GENERATION. 358 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 395 .v 239 canal, but "nothing has yet been attempted with success to save our commerce the dangerous navigation of nine thousand miles around the cape." Within the past month New York merchant William Henry Aspinwall, head of the Pacific Railroad and Panama Steamship Company, had visited Clayton to seek government help in constructing a railroad across the isthmus. In his letter of introduction for Aspinwall, ChaFles du Pont reminded his Senator that for three hundred years the feasibility of a carrier road across the isthmus had been discussed. "This-' " he boasted, "Yankee enterprise can effect in three Years, with the proper furtherance of our Government." For Clayton, then, commercial expansion abroad as well as moderate poli­ tics at home was a major aim of an orderly republic. 74 During the months following the 1848 presidential election, reports circulated that John M. Clayton would receive an appointment to a prominent post in Zachary Taylor's Cabinet.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ashland Bingo
    1 Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate BINGO Ash Trees Treaty of Ghent Battle of Ashland Presidential Elections American System Speaker of the House Madge Breckinridge Duel Henry Clay Mason FREE SPACE Tennis Lawyer Colonization Society Abraham Lincoln Lucretia Hart Preserve the Union Ashland Kentucky Derby Aaron Dupuy Compromise of 1850 Tariff James Brown Clay Farmer Suffrage 2 Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate BINGO Treaty of Ghent Battle of Ashland Presidential Elections American System Ash Trees FREE SPACE Lawyer Colonization Society Abraham Lincoln Tennis Madge Breckinridge Duel Henry Clay Mason Speaker of the House Tariff James Brown Clay Farmer Suffrage Compromise of 1850 Preserve the Union Ashland Kentucky Derby Aaron Dupuy Lucretia Hart 3 Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate BINGO FREE SPACE Tennis Colonization Society Abraham Lincoln Lawyer Ash Trees Battle of Ashland Presidential Elections American System Treaty of Ghent Speaker of the House Duel Henry Clay Mason Madge Breckinridge Lucretia Hart Ashland Kentucky Derby Aaron Dupuy Preserve the Union Compromise of 1850 James Brown Clay Farmer Suffrage Tariff 4 Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate BINGO Ash Trees Treaty of Ghent Presidential Elections American System Battle of Ashland FREE SPACE Tennis Lawyer Colonization Society Abraham Lincoln Speaker of the House Madge Breckinridge Henry Clay Mason Duel Compromise of 1850 Tariff Farmer Suffrage James Brown Clay Lucretia Hart Preserve the Union Kentucky Derby Aaron Dupuy Ashland 5 Ashland, the Henry Clay Estate BINGO Ash Trees Treaty of Ghent Battle
    [Show full text]
  • The Clay Family
    rilson Oub Publications NUMBER FOURTEEN The Clay Family PART FIRST The Mother of Henry Clay PART SECOND The Genealogy of the Clays BY Honorable Zachary F. Smith —AND- Mrs. Mary Rogers Clay Members of The Filson Club \ 1 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from The Institute of Museum and Library Services through an Indiana State Library LSTA Grant http://www.archive.org/details/clayfamilysmit Honorable HENRY CLAY. FILSON CLUB PUBLICATIONS NO. 14 The Clay Family PART FIRST The Mother of Henry Clay Hon. ZACHARY F. SMITH Member of The Filson Club PART SECOND The Genealogy of the Clays BY Mrs. MARY ROGERS CLAY Member of The Filson Club Louisville, Kentucky JOHN P. MORTON AND COMPANY Ttrinturs to TItb Filson ffiluh 1899 COPYRIGHTED BY THE FILSON CLUB 1899 PREFACE FEW elderly citizens yet living knew Henry Clay, A the renowned orator and statesman, and heard him make some of his greatest speeches. Younger per- sons who heard him not, nor saw him while living, have learned much of him through his numerous biog- raphers and from the mouths of others who did know him. Most that has been known of him, however, by either the living or the dead, has concerned his political career. For the purpose of securing votes for him among the masses in his candidacy for different offices he has been represented by his biographers as being of lowly origin in the midst of impecunious surroundings. Such, however, was not the condition of his early life. He was of gentle birth, with parents on both sides possessing not only valuable landed estates and numer- ous slaves, but occupying high social positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumption and Compromise: Illness and Its Impact on the Political Career of Henry Clay
    Journal of the Southern Association for the History of Medicine and Science Volume 2 (no. 1) 2020 https://journals.troy.edu/index.php/JSAHMS/ Consumption and Compromise: Illness and Its Impact on the Political Career of Henry Clay David Petriello Lecturer, Department of History, Caldwell University, Caldwell, New Jersey, United States Email: [email protected] Abstract Henry Clay’s nearly fifty years of public service coincided with the social, economic, and territorial growth of the Early Republic. Though much has been made of the influences of geography and political philosophy on his accomplishments, little has been done in addressing the role played by his own health and various illnesses of the era. Disease and personal health issues were perhaps the greatest natural allies, catalysts, and limiting agents of Henry Clay’s accomplishments. Ill health helped to start his career under the tutelage of George Wythe, the deaths of his daughters while undertaking the seasonal journey from Kentucky to Congress pushed his ideas on internal improvements, and disease collided with several of his campaigns for the presidency. This article focuses on the personal letters of Henry Clay and those around him to discern their views on the various illnesses of his day and gauge their impact on his career. Keywords: United States, Henry Clay, public health Henry Clay once claimed that he would, “rather be right than be president,” a desire that would, perhaps unfortunately, come true for the indefatigable politician. Perhaps because of this he has largely been forgotten by the American public. Despite this, his nearly fifty years of public service spanned the most important events in the history of the early Republic, including the Louisiana Purchase, the War of 1812, the U.S.-Mexican War, and the various compromises that helped to slow the descent of the nation towards civil war.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CLAY FAMILY QUARTERLY Volume 2 Number 3 ' July 1967
    THE CLAY FAMILY QUARTERLY Volume 2 Number 3 ' July 1967 CONTENTS Editor's Notes 38 Clay Family Bibliography "Genealogy of Joseph Peck and Some Related Families" 39 "A History of the Middle New River Settlements and Contiguous Territory" 42 "Adventures of Purse and Person" 42 "History of Kentucky and Kentuckians" 43 Public Records Census: Alabama 1830 46 Marriages: Alabama and Virginia 47 Probate Records and/or Will Books: Alabama 48 Death Records and/or Cemetery Inscriptions: Alabama and Mississippi 49 Bible and Other Family Records: Thomas Hart Clay Bible 50 Association Member Lineages Combined lineage of D.~S. Tomkies and Mrs John A. Brandau 52 Combined lineage of Mrs. E. C. Engelbrecht, Mrs Sam F. Lindsay, Mrs. Ruby Shaw and Mrs Thomas Perry, Jr. 59 Requests for Information: 4 thru 11 60 New Members 62 A publication of the Clay Family Association, G. R. Clay, Editor. Address: P. 0. Box 35254, Houston, Texas 77035 THE CLAY FAMILY QUARTERLY Volume 2 Number 3 July 1967 THE EDITOR'S NOTES The twenty-four pages of this issue make it the largest issue yet published. There are, however, too many blank spaces (sorry about that), but your editor can only publish the data available. The long lists of individuals without dates, name of spouse and issue can make boring reading, but if they offer a clue to a forebears identity they will have served their purpose. If you have data on any of the individuals listed please send it to the editor for inclusion in the Clay Family Register. As requested, we are supplying the following information on the purchase of copies of r'Genealogy of Joseph Peck and Some Related Families".
    [Show full text]
  • H. Doc. 108-222
    EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1823, TO MARCH 3, 1825 FIRST SESSION—December 1, 1823, to May 27, 1824 SECOND SESSION—December 6, 1824, to March 3, 1825 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, of New York PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—JOHN GAILLARD, 1 of South Carolina SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—CHARLES CUTTS, of New Hampshire SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—MOUNTJOY BAYLY, of Maryland SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—HENRY CLAY, 2 of Kentucky CLERK OF THE HOUSE—MATTHEW ST. CLAIR CLARKE, 3 of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—THOMAS DUNN, of Maryland; JOHN O. DUNN, 4 of District of Columbia DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—BENJAMIN BIRCH, of Maryland ALABAMA GEORGIA Waller Taylor, Vincennes SENATORS SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES William R. King, Cahaba John Elliott, Sunbury Jonathan Jennings, Charlestown William Kelly, Huntsville Nicholas Ware, 8 Richmond John Test, Brookville REPRESENTATIVES Thomas W. Cobb, 9 Greensboro William Prince, 14 Princeton John McKee, Tuscaloosa REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE Gabriel Moore, Huntsville Jacob Call, 15 Princeton George W. Owen, Claiborne Joel Abbot, Washington George Cary, Appling CONNECTICUT Thomas W. Cobb, 10 Greensboro KENTUCKY 11 SENATORS Richard H. Wilde, Augusta SENATORS James Lanman, Norwich Alfred Cuthbert, Eatonton Elijah Boardman, 5 Litchfield John Forsyth, Augusta Richard M. Johnson, Great Crossings Henry W. Edwards, 6 New Haven Edward F. Tattnall, Savannah Isham Talbot, Frankfort REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE Wiley Thompson, Elberton REPRESENTATIVES Noyes Barber, Groton Samuel A. Foote, Cheshire ILLINOIS Richard A. Buckner, Greensburg Ansel Sterling, Sharon SENATORS Henry Clay, Lexington Ebenezer Stoddard, Woodstock Jesse B. Thomas, Edwardsville Robert P. Henry, Hopkinsville Gideon Tomlinson, Fairfield Ninian Edwards, 12 Edwardsville Francis Johnson, Bowling Green Lemuel Whitman, Farmington John McLean, 13 Shawneetown John T.
    [Show full text]
  • Literary Bequests in Early Ohio Wills
    Ohio History, Vol. 102, Winter-Spring, 1993, pp.20-34. Print ISSN: 0030-0934 Online ISSN: 1934-6042 http://www.ohiohistory.org/index.html http://www.ohiohistory.org/portal/historyjournal-p.html http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm?action=detail&Page=010220.html&StartPage=20&EndPage=34 &volume=102&notes=&newtitle=Volume%20102%20Page%2020 © Ohio Historical Society 1999. All rights reserved. Literary Bequests in Early Ohio Wills GERALD S. GREENBERG Introduction It is not surprising that besides the family Bible, few books or libraries are mentioned in early Ohio wills, for life on the frontier demanded that one devote full attention to life's essentials. For most, this meant the acquisition of a piece of land and the construction of a home. It is such proprietary bequests, therefore, that dominate early Ohio wills. One does discover, however, that the early doctors and lawyers of Ohio frequently made provision for the safekeeping of their medical and legal libraries, transferring the intellectual tools of their trade to individuals or institutions fit to preserve such an accumulated wealth of knowledge. One can also find the family of a similarly prominent, early Ohioan who was the subject of a biographer's pen, seeking to will his published life story to posterity. Less frequently, but perhaps more interestingly, early Ohioans whose individual livelihoods did not involve the establishment of professional libraries also occasionally mentioned private book collections in their wills, apparently valuing such volumes among their most prized possessions. On the rarest of occasions, one finds an individual or two who, when contemplating his imminent demise, seeks to establish a library as a gift to his fellow man.
    [Show full text]
  • The Border South and the Secession Crisis, 1859-1861 Michael Dudley Robinson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Fulcrum of the Union: The Border South and the Secession Crisis, 1859-1861 Michael Dudley Robinson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Robinson, Michael Dudley, "Fulcrum of the Union: The Border South and the Secession Crisis, 1859-1861" (2013). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 894. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/894 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. FULCRUM OF THE UNION: THE BORDER SOUTH AND THE SECESSION CRISIS, 1859- 1861 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Michael Dudley Robinson B.S. North Carolina State University, 2001 M.A. University of North Carolina – Wilmington, 2007 May 2013 For Katherine ii Acknowledgements Throughout the long process of turning a few preliminary thoughts about the secession crisis and the Border South into a finished product, many people have provided assistance, encouragement, and inspiration. The staffs at several libraries and archives helped me to locate items and offered suggestions about collections that otherwise would have gone unnoticed. I would especially like to thank Lucas R.
    [Show full text]
  • Northwest Ohio Quarterly Volume 15 Issue 3
    Northwest Ohio Quarterly Volume 15 Issue 3 The President's Page • Freedom of Religion Congress shall make no law respecting an establish· ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. ... o PROVISION of our Constitution is more venerated than this, the First clause of the First Amendment. Like N the name of Aboll ben Adhem, it leads all the rest of the freedoms in the Bill of Righ ts. In the reign of England's second Charles, Parliament sought to compel all persons to attend the established church in Eng­ land, and by the Test Act to require oaths in support of the established religion. This Act and similar acts in England and in the countries of continental Europe greatly increased im­ migration to America. Article VI of the Federal Constitution furnishes an additional proteClion by its provision that, ". no religious Test shall ever be required as a QualifICation to any Office of Public Trust under the United States." While the First Amendment prevents Congress from en· croaching upon the liberties guaranteed thereby, the Fourteenth Amendment has, in recent years, been construed by the Supreme Court to prevent the legislatures of the states from enacting laws restricting such freedoms. Formerly these freedoms were not deemed protected from state action by the Fourteenth Amendment. The states of our country have also, in their respective can· stitutions, placed restraints upon their legislatures to protect their people in the exercise of freedom of religion. The re­ straining provision in. the Constitution of Ohio is quite broad in its scope and can be found in Section 7 of Article I of that Constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocm08458220-1834.Pdf (12.15Mb)
    317.3M31 A 4^CHTVES ^K REGISTER, ^ AND 18S4. ALSO CITY OFFICEKS IN BOSTON, AND OTHKR USEFUL INFORMATION. BOSTON: JAMES LORING, 132 WASHINGTON STREET. — — ECLIPSES IN 1834. There will be five Eclipses this year, three of ike Svtf, and two of tht Moon, as follows, viz;— I. The first will be of the Sun, January, 9th day, 6h. 26m. eve. invisible. II. The second will likewise be of the Sun, June, 7th day, 5h. 12m. morning invisible. III. The third will be of the Moorr, June, 21st day, visible and total. Beginning Ih 52m. ^ Beginning of total darkness 2 55 / Middle 3 38 V, Appar. time End of total darkness (Moon sets). ..4 18 C morn. End of the Eclipse 5 21 j IV. The fourth will be a remarkable eclipse of the Sun, Sunday, the 30th day of November, visible, as follows, viz : Beginning Ih. 21m. J Greatest obscurity 2 40 fAppar. time End 3 51 ( even. Duration 2 30 * Digits eclipsed 10 deg. 21m. on the Sun's south limb. *** The Sun will be totally eclipsed in Mississippi, Alabama Georgia, South Carolina. At Charleston, the Sun will be totally eclipsed nearly a minute and a half. V. The fifth will be of the Moon, December 15th and I6th days, visible as follows viz : Beginning 15th d. lOli. Q2m. ) Appar. time Middle 16 5 > even. End 1 30 ) Appar. morn. Digits eclipsed 8 deg. 10m. (JU* The Compiler of the Register has endeavoured to be accurate in all the statements and names which it contains ; but when the difficulties in such a compilation are considered, and the constant changes which are occur- ring, by new elections, deaths, &c.
    [Show full text]
  • Researching the Underground Railroad in Delaware
    Researching the Underground Railroad in Delaware A Select Descriptive Bibliography of African American Fugitive Narratives by Peter T. Dalleo Sponsored by The Underground Railroad Coalition of Delaware & The City of Wilmington James M. Baker, Mayor Peter D. Besecker, Director, Department of Planning June 2008 City of Wilmington Louis L. Redding City/County Building 800 N. French Street Wilmington, Delaware 19801 www.WilmingtonDE.gov John W. Tillman served as a Private in Co. C, 127th Regiment, U.S. Colored Infantry. Image courtesy of Delaware Historical Society On the cover: Historic Map Digital Globe: From the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS Explorer Resource Center. Authored using “The World on Mercator’s Projection” from the David Rumsey Historical Map Collection. The original map was published in 1812 and drawn by L. Hebert Neele under the direction of John Pinkerton. Acknowledgments Solomon Bayley, Freedom Seeker on the Delmarva Peninsula, 1799 I would like to thank the Underground Railroad Coalition for inspiring me to follow through on some of my research ideas and encouraging me to produce something tangible that others might use; the Camden Historical Society (CHS) for providing a forum at which to present my thoughts about research and sources about Delaware’s Underground Railroad, which led to the development of this booklet; and finally, the City of Wilmington’s Planning Department for its tremendous assistance, without which this booklet would not have been printed. Foremost among the specific individuals to whom I wish to express my gratitude are Debra Campagnari Martin for her dual role as coordinator of both this phase of the Underground Railroad Coalition’s undertakings and of the Wilmington’s Planning Department efforts to produce this booklet.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington City, 1800-1830 Cynthia Diane Earman Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School Fall 11-12-1992 Boardinghouses, Parties and the Creation of a Political Society: Washington City, 1800-1830 Cynthia Diane Earman Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Earman, Cynthia Diane, "Boardinghouses, Parties and the Creation of a Political Society: Washington City, 1800-1830" (1992). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 8222. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/8222 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BOARDINGHOUSES, PARTIES AND THE CREATION OF A POLITICAL SOCIETY: WASHINGTON CITY, 1800-1830 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History by Cynthia Diane Earman A.B., Goucher College, 1989 December 1992 MANUSCRIPT THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the Master's and Doctor's Degrees and deposited in the Louisiana State University Libraries are available for inspection. Use of any thesis is limited by the rights of the author. Bibliographical references may be noted, but passages may not be copied unless the author has given permission. Credit must be given in subsequent written or published work. A library which borrows this thesis for use by its clientele is expected to make sure that the borrower is aware of the above restrictions.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Annual Report Inside Front Cover Delaware State Parks 2018 Annual Report
    DELAWARE STATE PARKS 2018 Annual Report Inside front cover Delaware State Parks 2018 Annual Report Voted America’s Best Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control Division of Parks & Recreation Blank page TABLE OF CONTENTS What Who Things How We Info By We Are We Are We Do Pay For It Park 5 Our Parks and 7 Our People Put 16 Preserving, 22 Funding the 33 Alapocas Run Preserves Us on Top in Supporting, Parks FY18 Teaching 35 Auburn Valley More Than 24 Investments in Parks 11 Volunteers 17 Programming Our Parks 37 Bellevue and by the Fox Point 6 Accessible to 13 Friends of Numbers 26 Partnerships All Delaware State 40 Brandywine Parks 18 Protect and 29 Small Creek Serve Businesses 14 Advisory 42 Cape Henlopen Councils 19 We Provided 30 Management Grants Challenges 45 Delaware Seashore and Indian River Marina 49 Fenwick Island and Holts Landing 51 First State Heritage Park 53 Fort Delaware, Fort DuPont, and Port Penn Interpretive Center 55 Killens Pond 57 Lums Pond 59 Trap Pond 62 White Clay Creek 65 Wilmington State Parks and Brandywine Zoo TIMELINE Wilmington State Parks/Brandywine Zoo The Division took over the management of the Brandywine 1998 ANNIVERSARIES Zoo and three parks in the City of Wilmington: Brandywine Park, Rockford Park and Alapocas Woods. 20 Auburn Valley State Park Brandywine Creek State Park YEARS 2008 Alapocas Run State Park AGO Tom and Ruth Marshall donated Bellevue State Park Auburn Heights to the Fox Point State Park Division, completing the 10 Auburn Heights Preserve. YEARS Shortly after, the remediation and AGO development of the former Fort Delaware State Park NVF property began.
    [Show full text]