Politics, National Identity, and the Compromise of 1850

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Politics, National Identity, and the Compromise of 1850 THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA This Great Contest of Principle: Politics, National Identity, and the Compromise of 1850 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of History School of Arts and Sciences Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy © Copyright All Rights Reserved By Robert R. Camilleri Washington, D.C. 2015 This Great Contest of Principle: Politics, National Identity, and the Compromise of 1850 Robert R. Camilleri, PhD. Director: Stephen West The Congressional debates leading to the Compromise of 1850 represented a critical turning point in the United States’ sectional crisis, and were the product of a contest between differing conceptions of national identity. This study examines the actions, motivations, ideologies, and principles of members of Congress and the executive branch to determine how their respective national ideals were reflected in their proposals for defusing the territorial crisis, and how the interactions of ideological principles and personal rivalries influenced legislation that impacted the political order of the 1850s. The study utilizes transcripts of Congressional debates, manuscript collections, newspaper articles, and voting analysis. It identifies three competing visions of nationalism in the 31st Congress, termed Unionists, transformational nationalists, and Southern nationalists, and describes how the territorial crisis was influenced by and in turn influenced the development of these visions. It also examines how personal rivalries disrupted ideological and factional alignments within these categories, with consequences that impacted the legislative process and eventual terms of the settlement. It traces the development of these competing nationalist visions from their origins in the 1810s, 1820s, and 1830s, and describes how Unionism came to dominate the political elite following the War of 1812, but was increasingly challenged by Southern nationalism and transformational nationalism during and following the Presidency of John Tyler. It assesses the strengths of these groupings within the 31st Congress, and then traces how these principles were expressed during the ensuing debates over the admission of California to the Union as a state, Henry Clay’s Omnibus Bill, and the series of bills that were adopted to encompass the final Compromise of 1850. It concludes that the Compromise of 1850 failed to provide a lasting settlement to the territorial crisis due to the adoption of popular sovereignty, which ensured that territorial agitation based upon these three competing nationalist principles would persist, and that the adoption of popular sovereignty by Unionism started the period of decline and eventual extinction of that nationalist vision. This dissertation by Robert R. Camilleri fulfills the dissertation requirement for the doctoral degree in History approved by Stephen West, PhD., as Director, and by Timothy Meagher, PhD., and Jane Turner Censer, PhD. as Readers. __________________________ Stephen West, PhD., Director ___________________________ Timothy Meagher, PhD., Reader ___________________________ Jane Turner Censer, PhD., Reader ii To Amy, for everything. iii Introduction pg. 1 Chapter 1: A Malign Influence Threatens the Country pg. 34 Chapter 2: Between Scylla and Charybdis pg. 99 Chapter 3: Avowed Enemies pg. 147 Chapter 4: Rule and Ruin pg. 207 Chapter 5: Faction Rules the Hour pg. 267 Chapter 6: A Momentary Quiet pg. 310 Bibliography pg. 342 iv Introduction September 8, 1850, witnessed an outpouring of relief and celebration throughout official Washington, with political leaders and residents joining together for a day of celebration and revelry. “I have never before known so much excitement upon the passage of any law,” Washington resident Jonathan Foltz reported to his friend, former Secretary of State (and future President) James Buchanan.1 Foltz, like many contemporaries, believed that the laws passed that day, concluding the legislative settlement remembered today as the Compromise of 1850, had settled the sectional crisis over the expansion of slavery that had agitated the nation since 1819. Despite the confidence of Jonathan Foltz, however, the territorial question would prove more resilient than the Compromise that was created to settle it. Rather than providing the pivotal moment that the revelers of September 8, 1850 had celebrated, the passage of the Compromise of 1850 is not remembered today as a transformative moment. Rather, it is remembered as one of several episodes in the evolution of a conflict between North and South that would eventually result in the Civil War.2 The sectional conflict over slavery has generally been recognized as the defining American political conflict of the nineteenth century, and the crisis which resulted in the Compromise of 1850 was a critical moment in the evolution of the conflict from a political to an existential crisis for the United States. At the moment when the political will for a permanent settlement of the conflict to preserve the Union was strongest, a collection of the nation’s 1 Jonathan M. Folz to James Buchanan, Sept. 13, 1850, James Buchanan Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 2 David M. Potter, The Impending Crisis (New York: Harper and Row, 1976), 120. 1 2 greatest political minds devised a settlement plan that was effectively undone by 1854 and failed to prevent the dissolution of the Union in 1861. Rather than supersede the sectional conflict into a crusade for national unity, the Compromise of 1850 had, in the words of historian David Potter, “weakened the basis of the Union.”3 The authors of the Compromise of 1850 had intended for the legislation to transform the politics of the United States, and indeed the Compromise did change national politics. The aftermath of the Compromise of 1850 and the accelerating sectional conflict resulted in a profound transformation in the political order. The Whig Party—deeply divided by internal factional disputes and in ideological transition at the time of the Compromise—struggled to prosecute a Presidential campaign by 1852, began collapsing in the North by 1854, was forced into fusion with the Know-Nothing Party to mount a Presidential campaign in 1856, and was essentially extinct by 1861. Northern Democrats, triumphant after the passage of the Compromise, were gradually undermined by their conciliatory posture toward the South. Having established a near-stranglehold on the North by 1854, they suffered a chronic and continuing decline at the hands of their opponents, the Northern Whigs and Know Nothings who became the foundation of the Republican Party. Their credibility damaged by their identification with the unpopular fugitive slave law, Northern Democrats’ calls for sectional conciliation lost their appeal to a Northern electorate increasingly willing to confront the South. The beneficiaries of the Compromise of 1850, in the end, were those leaders like William H. Seward and Jefferson Davis, who had developed national reputations as sectional spokesmen through their opposition 3 Potter, Impending Crisis, 143. 3 to the Compromise. The Compromise of 1850 did provide a political transformation, but it did so by accelerating trends, such as political party decline, factionalism, anti-slavery, and Southern nationalism.4 Despite these developments, many—if not most—historians have assessed the Compromise of 1850 as a success. Though the Compromise ultimately failed to prevent the Civil War, it was a moment when violence was averted, sectional accommodation was reached, and cooler heads ultimately prevailed. Historians have generally sympathized with the friends of the Congressional Compromise plan, and have generally credited the efforts of Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Stephen Douglas, and Millard Fillmore in preventing the outbreak of violence. While the limitations of the bills have been widely recognized, the spirit of the effort has been appraised as just and proper. As a result, the blame for the acceleration of the sectional conflict and the collapse of the Compromise system has frequently been laid at the feet of Stephen Douglas for his repudiation of the agreement through the Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854.5 In this telling, the Compromise of 1850 is best remembered as a final glorious triumph of the statesmen of the Age of Jackson over the forces of radicalism that forestalled the outbreak of Civil War and illuminated a path to eventual sectional reconciliation. This interpretation obscures the deepening social and economic differences between the North and South, which the leaders of the major parties struggled to understand and failed to contain. It underestimates the seeds of conflict that that the Compromise sowed through its precedent opening free territories to slavery 4 Holman Hamilton, Prologue to Conflict (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. 1964). 5 Michael Holt, The Fate of Their Country (New York: Hill and Wang, 2004). 4 for the first time, and through its flawed and inflammatory Fugitive Slave Act. It underestimates the role that personal pettiness, vindictiveness, and animosity played in the development of the settlement, as well as the dedication to principle, selflessness and patriotism that inspired the opposition to the Compromise. Most crucially, it ignores, as the framers of the Compromise did, the deep philosophical and ideological differences that divided the political elite over the meaning and future of the American
Recommended publications
  • Senators You Have to Know John C. Calhoun –
    Senators You Have To Know John C. Calhoun – South Carolina / serving terms in the United States House of Representatives, United States Senate and as the seventh Vice President of the United States (1825–1832), as well as secretary of war and state. Democrats After 1830, his views evolved and he became a greater proponent of states' rights, limited government, nullification and free trade; as he saw these means as the only way to preserve the Union. He is best known for his intense and original defense of slavery as something positive, his distrust of majoritarianism, and for pointing the South toward secession from the Union. Nullification is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. The theory of nullification has never been legally upheld;[1] rather, the Supreme Court has rejected it. The theory of nullification is based on a view that the States formed the Union by an agreement (or "compact") among the States, and that as creators of the federal government, the States have the final authority to determine the limits of the power of that government. Under this, the compact theory, the States and not the federal courts are the ultimate interpreters of the extent of the federal government's power. The States therefore may reject, or nullify, federal laws that the States believe are beyond the federal government's constitutional powers. The related idea of interposition is a theory that a state has the right and the duty to "interpose" itself when the federal government enacts laws that the state believes to be unconstitutional.
    [Show full text]
  • The Smithfield Review, Volume 20, 2016
    In this issue — On 2 January 1869, Olin and Preston Institute officially became Preston and Olin Institute when Judge Robert M. Hudson of the 14th Circuit Court issued a charter Includes Ten Year Index for the school, designating the new name and giving it “collegiate powers.” — page 1 The On June 12, 1919, the VPI Board of Visitors unanimously elected Julian A. Burruss to succeed Joseph D. Eggleston as president of the Blacksburg, Virginia Smithfield Review institution. As Burruss began his tenure, veterans were returning from World War I, and America had begun to move toward a post-war world. Federal programs Studies in the history of the region west of the Blue Ridge for veterans gained wide support. The Nineteenth Amendment, giving women Volume 20, 2016 suffrage, gained ratification. — page 27 A Note from the Editors ........................................................................v According to Virginia Tech historian Duncan Lyle Kinnear, “he [Conrad] seemed Olin and Preston Institute and Preston and Olin Institute: The Early to have entered upon his task with great enthusiasm. Possessed as he was with a flair Years of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University: Part II for writing and a ‘tongue for speaking,’ this ex-confederate secret agent brought Clara B. Cox ..................................................................................1 a new dimension of excitement to the school and to the town of Blacksburg.” — page 47 Change Amidst Tradition: The First Two Years of the Burruss Administration at VPI “The Indian Road as agreed to at Lancaster, June the 30th, 1744. The present Faith Skiles .......................................................................................27 Waggon Road from Cohongoronto above Sherrando River, through the Counties of Frederick and Augusta .
    [Show full text]
  • Popular Sovereignty, Slavery in the Territories, and the South, 1785-1860
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2010 Popular sovereignty, slavery in the territories, and the South, 1785-1860 Robert Christopher Childers Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Childers, Robert Christopher, "Popular sovereignty, slavery in the territories, and the South, 1785-1860" (2010). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1135. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1135 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES, AND THE SOUTH, 1785-1860 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Robert Christopher Childers B.S., B.S.E., Emporia State University, 2002 M.A., Emporia State University, 2004 May 2010 For my wife ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Writing history might seem a solitary task, but in truth it is a collaborative effort. Throughout my experience working on this project, I have engaged with fellow scholars whose help has made my work possible. Numerous archivists aided me in the search for sources. Working in the Southern Historical Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill gave me access to the letters and writings of southern leaders and common people alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Image Credits
    the exclusive roster of conferees points to the fact that the honor remains one of the few ways the United States gov- NOTES ernment can acknowledge a foreigner’s contribution to the nation and/or to mankind. The congressional joint resolu- 1. T. Lawrence Larkin, “A ‘Gift’ Strategically tion clearly enumerated Gálvez’s contributions: he led a truly Solicited and Magnanimously Conferred: The multi-national military force to strategically significant American Congress, the French Monarchy, and the victories against Great Britain during the Revolutionary State Portraits of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette,” War; he later served the cause of science as viceroy of New Winterthur Portfolio 44, no. 1 (2010): 31–75; Larkin, Spain by sponsoring hydrographic expeditions of the Gulf “Final Report for Research Undertaken with the Aid of Mexico; his name has been given to several localities in of the U.S. Capitol Historical Society, April–June Texas and Louisiana; and the state of Florida named him a 2000,” Research Files, USCHS. “Great Floridian” in 2012. 2.James Alton James, “Oliver Pollock, Financier of In the spring of 2014, Representative Jeff Miller (FL) the Revolution in the West,” Mississippi Valley His- introduced H.J. Res. 105 in the House, and Senator Marco torical Review, 16, no. 1(June 1929): 67–80; Robert Rubio (FL) introduced S.J. Res. 38 in the Senate, to confer Morris to Bernardo de Gálvez, 21 Nov. 1781, in honorary United States citizenship on Gálvez. As president E. James Ferguson and John Catanzariti, eds., The general of the Sons of the American Revolution, I wrote a Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784 (9 vols., Pitts- letter to every member of the House Foreign Affairs Com- burgh, PA, 1980–99), 2:221–22.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Books & Special Collections Tarlton Law Library University Of
    Rare Books & Special Collections Tarlton Law Library University of Texas at Austin 727 E. 26th St., Austin, Texas 78705-3224 512/471-7263 SUPREME COURT NOMINATIONS RESEARCH FILES, 1823-1955, Bulk 1860-1939 Inventory Date printed: SUPREME COURT NOMINATIONS RESEARCH FILES Inventory Extent: 1.25 linear ft. (3 boxes). Frank, John P., 1917-2002- John P. Frank, a noted attorney and constitutional scholar, was born in 1917. He received his LL.B. at the University of Wisconsin, and his J.S.D. from Yale University. He was law clerk to Justice Hugo L. Black at the October, 1942 term, among other prominent positions. He taught law from 1946 to 1954 at Indiana and Yale Universities. He has authored 12 books on the Supreme Court, the Constitution and constitutional law. A senior partner with the Phoenix firm of Lewis and Roca, which he joined in 1954, Frank was lead counsel on the ground-breaking Miranda v. Arizona case, and served as counsel to Anita Hill during the Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings. While serving on the Committee on Rules of Civil Procedure, Frank led a group that worked on drafting revisions to Rule 11 attorney sanctions. Frank also served from 1960 to 1970 on the Advisory Committee of Civil Procedure of the Judicial Conference of the United States. Scope and Content: The collection consists of research into U.S. Supreme Court nominations of the 19th and 20th centuries, and includes 8 inches of printed materials and 7 microfilm reels (35mm), 1823-1939 (bulk 1860-1939), collected by Frank, for a research project concerning Supreme Court nominations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, Volume 11, 1916
    The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, Volume 11, 1916 Table of Contents OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES .......................................................................................5 PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH TO THIRTY-NINTH MEETINGS .............................................................................................7 PAPERS EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS OF THE REVEREND JOSEPH WILLARD, PRESIDENT OF HARVARD COLLEGE, AND OF SOME OF HIS CHILDREN, 1794-1830 . ..........................................................11 ​ By his Grand-daughter, SUSANNA WILLARD EXCERPTS FROM THE DIARY OF TIMOTHY FULLER, JR., AN UNDERGRADUATE IN HARVARD COLLEGE, 1798- 1801 ..............................................................................................................33 ​ By his Grand-daughter, EDITH DAVENPORT FULLER BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF MRS. RICHARD HENRY DANA ....................................................................................................................53 ​ By MRS. MARY ISABELLA GOZZALDI EARLY CAMBRIDGE DIARIES…....................................................................................57 ​ By MRS. HARRIETTE M. FORBES ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TREASURER ........................................................................84 NECROLOGY ..............................................................................................................86 MEMBERSHIP .............................................................................................................89 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY
    [Show full text]
  • Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise Sponsored by Henry Clay
    Congressional Compromises and the Road to War The Great Triumvirate Henry Clay Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun representing the representing representing West the North the South John C. Calhoun •From South Carolina •Called “Cast-Iron Man” for his stubbornness and determination. •Owned slaves •Believed states were sovereign and could nullify or reject federal laws they believed were unconstitutional. Daniel Webster •From Massachusetts •Called “The Great Orator” •Did not own slaves Henry Clay •From Kentucky •Called “The Great Compromiser” •Owned slaves •Calmed sectional conflict through balanced legislation and compromises. Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise sponsored by Henry Clay. It allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a Slave State and Maine to enter as a Free State. The southern border of Missouri would determine if a territory could allow slavery or not. • Slavery was allowed in some new states while other states allowed freedom for African Americans. • Balanced political power between slave states and free states. Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) • South Carolina, led by Senator John C. Calhoun declared a high federal tariff to be null and avoid within its borders. • John C. Calhoun and others believed in Nullification, the idea that state governments have the right to reject federal laws they see as Unconstitutional. • The state of South Carolina threatened to secede or break off from the United States if the federal government, under President Andrew Jackson, tried to enforce the tariff in South Carolina. Andrew Jackson on Nullification “The laws of the United States, its Constitution…are the supreme law of the land.” “Look, for a moment, to the consequence.
    [Show full text]
  • Fuller Genealogy
    Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/fullergenealogy04full aP\/ C. TKfi NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY ASTOR, LENOX )i SOMK Fri.T.F.R (".EXKA l.( ; I S IS r.i i, XKWTox i-Ti.i.i-.i.; i:i.i/..\iii-. 1 II \i;i.uriM.\i WII.I.IA.M HVSI.or iri.l.KK IKSSK KR.WKI.IN l-ri.l.l'.K GENEALOGY OF SOME DESCENDANTS OF THOMAS FULLER OF WOBURN COMPILED BY WILLIAM HYSLOP FULLER OF PALMER. MASS. TO WHICH IS ADDED SUPPLEMENTS TO VOLUMES I. II, III PREVIOUSLY COMPILED AND PUBLISHED PRINTED FOR THE COMPILER 1919 THE NEW YORK tiljD£n foundations' FULLER GENEALOGIES COMPILED AND FOR SALE BY WILLIAM H. FULLER 23 School Street, Palmer, Mass. VOLUME I. Some Descendants of Edward Fuller of the Mayflower. I volume 8 vo., cloth, 25 illustrations, 306 pp. Now only sold as part of the set of 4 volumes. Price, $20.00 for the Set. postpaid. VOLUME IL Some Descendants of Dr. Samuel Fuller of the Mayflower. 1 volume 8 vo., cloth, 31 illustrations, 263 pp. Price, postpaid, $5.00. VOLUME III. Some Descendants of Captain Matthew Fuller, also of John Fuller of Newton, John Fuller of Lynn, John Fuller of Ipswich, and Robert Fuller of Dorchester and Dedham, with supplements to Volumes I and II. 8 vo., cloth, 14 illustrations, 325 pp. Price $5.00, postpaid. VOLUME IV. /Some Descendants of Thomas Fuller of Woburn, with Supplements to the previous volumes. Price $6.00, postpaid. PREFACE In compiling the "Genealogy of Some Descendants of Thomas Fuller of Woburn," I have been greatly assisted by the work of the late Elizabeth Abercrombie, whose volume is an authority on the genealogy of the descendants of Joseph^ Fuller, No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spirit of Honorable Compromise
    The past is never dead. It's not even past NOT EVEN PAST Search the site ... The Spirit of Honorable Compromise Like 27 Tweet by H. W. Brands When Benjamin Franklin left the Constitutional Convention in September 1787, he was approached by a woman of Philadelphia, who asked what the deliberations of Franklin and his colleagues had given the young nation. “A republic,” he said, “if you can keep it. Henry Clay was ten years old that summer. He didn’t learn of Franklin’s challenge till later. But when he did, he discovered his life’s work. Clay and others of the generation that followed the founders confronted two problems in particular–two pieces of public business left unnished in the founding. The rst was the awkward silence of the Constitution on the fundamental question of the federal system: when the national government oversteps its authority, how is that government to be restrained? Must the states obey laws they believe to be unconstitutional? Put most succinctly: where does sovereignty ultimately lie–with the states or with the national government? The second problem was the contradiction between the equality promised by the Declaration of Independence and the egregious inequality inherent in the constitutionally protected institution of slavery. Thomas Jefferson’s assertion that “all men are created equal” was not repeated in the Constitution, but it provided the basis for American republican government, which the Constitution embodied and proposed to guarantee. Slavery made a mockery of any claims of equality. Privacy - Terms For forty years Clay wrestled with these challenges. In the golden age of Congress, when the legislative branch retained the primacy intended for it by the founders, the silver- tongued Kentuckian had no equal for adroitness and accomplishment in the Capitol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Democratic Party and the Transformation of American Conservatism, 1847-1860
    PRESERVING THE WHITE MAN’S REPUBLIC: THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN CONSERVATISM, 1847-1860 Joshua A. Lynn A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Harry L. Watson William L. Barney Laura F. Edwards Joseph T. Glatthaar Michael Lienesch © 2015 Joshua A. Lynn ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Joshua A. Lynn: Preserving the White Man’s Republic: The Democratic Party and the Transformation of American Conservatism, 1847-1860 (Under the direction of Harry L. Watson) In the late 1840s and 1850s, the American Democratic party redefined itself as “conservative.” Yet Democrats’ preexisting dedication to majoritarian democracy, liberal individualism, and white supremacy had not changed. Democrats believed that “fanatical” reformers, who opposed slavery and advanced the rights of African Americans and women, imperiled the white man’s republic they had crafted in the early 1800s. There were no more abstract notions of freedom to boundlessly unfold; there was only the existing liberty of white men to conserve. Democrats therefore recast democracy, previously a progressive means to expand rights, as a way for local majorities to police racial and gender boundaries. In the process, they reinvigorated American conservatism by placing it on a foundation of majoritarian democracy. Empowering white men to democratically govern all other Americans, Democrats contended, would preserve their prerogatives. With the policy of “popular sovereignty,” for instance, Democrats left slavery’s expansion to territorial settlers’ democratic decision-making.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wire the Complete Guide
    The Wire The Complete Guide PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 02:03:03 UTC Contents Articles Overview 1 The Wire 1 David Simon 24 Writers and directors 36 Awards and nominations 38 Seasons and episodes 42 List of The Wire episodes 42 Season 1 46 Season 2 54 Season 3 61 Season 4 70 Season 5 79 Characters 86 List of The Wire characters 86 Police 95 Police of The Wire 95 Jimmy McNulty 118 Kima Greggs 124 Bunk Moreland 128 Lester Freamon 131 Herc Hauk 135 Roland Pryzbylewski 138 Ellis Carver 141 Leander Sydnor 145 Beadie Russell 147 Cedric Daniels 150 William Rawls 156 Ervin Burrell 160 Stanislaus Valchek 165 Jay Landsman 168 Law enforcement 172 Law enforcement characters of The Wire 172 Rhonda Pearlman 178 Maurice Levy 181 Street-level characters 184 Street-level characters of The Wire 184 Omar Little 190 Bubbles 196 Dennis "Cutty" Wise 199 Stringer Bell 202 Avon Barksdale 206 Marlo Stanfield 212 Proposition Joe 218 Spiros Vondas 222 The Greek 224 Chris Partlow 226 Snoop (The Wire) 230 Wee-Bey Brice 232 Bodie Broadus 235 Poot Carr 239 D'Angelo Barksdale 242 Cheese Wagstaff 245 Wallace 247 Docks 249 Characters from the docks of The Wire 249 Frank Sobotka 254 Nick Sobotka 256 Ziggy Sobotka 258 Sergei Malatov 261 Politicians 263 Politicians of The Wire 263 Tommy Carcetti 271 Clarence Royce 275 Clay Davis 279 Norman Wilson 282 School 284 School system of The Wire 284 Howard "Bunny" Colvin 290 Michael Lee 293 Duquan "Dukie" Weems 296 Namond Brice 298 Randy Wagstaff 301 Journalists 304 Journalists of The Wire 304 Augustus Haynes 309 Scott Templeton 312 Alma Gutierrez 315 Miscellany 317 And All the Pieces Matter — Five Years of Music from The Wire 317 References Article Sources and Contributors 320 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 324 Article Licenses License 325 1 Overview The Wire The Wire Second season intertitle Genre Crime drama Format Serial drama Created by David Simon Starring Dominic West John Doman Idris Elba Frankie Faison Larry Gilliard, Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Rebel Salvation: the Story of Confederate Pardons
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-1998 Rebel Salvation: The Story of Confederate Pardons Kathleen Rosa Zebley University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Zebley, Kathleen Rosa, "Rebel Salvation: The Story of Confederate Pardons. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 1998. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3629 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Kathleen Rosa Zebley entitled "Rebel Salvation: The Story of Confederate Pardons." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Paul H. Bergeron, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Stephen V. Ash, William Bruce Wheeler, John Muldowny Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Kathleen Rosa Zebley entitled "Rebel Salvation: The Story of Confederate Pardons." I have examined the final copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degreeof Doctor of Philosophy, witha major in History.
    [Show full text]