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Bangsawan Prampoewan Enlightened Peranakan Chinese Women from Early Twentieth Century Java
422 WacanaWacana Vol. Vol.18 No. 18 2No. (2017): 2 (2017) 422-454 Bangsawan prampoewan Enlightened Peranakan Chinese women from early twentieth century Java Didi Kwartanada ABSTRACT The end of the nineteenth century witnessed paradox among the Chinese in colonial Java. On one hand, they were prospering economically, but were nonetheless held in contempt by the Dutch, encountered legal discrimination and faced challenges if they wanted to educate their children in European schools. Their marginal position motivated them do their utmost to become “civilized subjects”, on a par with Europeans, but they were also inspired to reinvent their Chinese identity. This contribution will highlight role played by “enlightened” Chinese, the kaoem moeda bangsa Tjina. Central to this movement were the Chinese girls known to the public as bangsawan prampoewan (the noblewomen), who wrote letters the newspaper and creating a gendered public sphere. They also performed western classical music in public. Considering the inspirational impact of bangsawan prampoewan’s enlightening achievements on non-Chinese women, it is appropriate to include them into the narrative of the history of the nation’s women’s movements. KEYWORDS Chinese; women; modernity; progress; newspapers; Semarang; Surabaya; western classical music; Kartini. Didi Kwartanada studies history of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, especially Java. He is currently the Director of the Nation Building Foundation (NABIL) in Jakarta and is preparing a book on the history of Chinese identity cards in Indonesia. His publications include The encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War (Leiden: Brill, 2009) as co-editor and contributor, and the most recent work Tionghoa dalam keindonesiaan; Peran dan kontribusi bagi pembangunan bangsa (3 vols; Jakarta: Yayasan Nabil, 2016) as managing editor cum contributor. -
Kwee Kek Beng (Guo Keming)
Denken over de peranakan identiteit: Kwee Kek Beng (Guo Keming) Que Soei Keng (gepubliceerd in het Hua Yi blad van Maart 2009) seudoniemen: Garem (zout); Thio Boen Hiok. Geboren te Jakarta op 16 P nov 1900 en overleden te Jakarta 31 mei 1975. Gehuwd met Tee Lim Nio. Kwee was publicist en hoofdredacteur van het dagblad Sin Po (1925- 1947). Prominent intellectueel leider van de Chinese gemeenschap in Indonesië en filosoof van de Chinese stroming binnen de Indonesische filosofie. Vader van architect Kwee Hin Goan (Jakarta 4 juni 1932) en journalist-schrijver Xing-hu Kuo (Kwee Hin Houw , Jakarta 12 mei 1938). Opleiding Hollands-Chinese School (HCS) en Hollands- Chinese Kweekschool (HCK) te Jakarta. In 1922 werd hij onderwijzer aan de HCS Tanjakan Empang te Bogor, trad na vier maanden in dienst van Bin Seng (een locaal dagblad van Batavia dat net was opgericht door Tjoe Bou San) en de redactie van het Maleis-Chinese blad Sin Po. Na de dood van Tjoe Bou San in 1925 werd hij hoofdredacteur, een functie die hij tot 1947 zou behouden. Hij vertegenwoordigde evenals zijn voorganger de Chinees nationalistische stroming binnen de Chinese gemeenschap Indonesia Raya en Sin Po (Een bewerking uit de autobiografie “BLOEIENDE BRON, Een architectenleven” door Kwee Hin Goan). In oktober 1910, aan de vooravond van de Chinese revolutie tegen het Manchu- regime, verscheen in toenmalig Batavia een weekblad, “Sin Po” of “Nieuw Blad”. Een jaar later werd het omgezet in een dagblad met Razoux Kuhr, een gewezen Indo ambtenaar (Binnenlands Bestuur), als hoofdredacteur. Sin Po was vervuld van jeugdig enthousiasme en vol vuur voor de revolutionaire beweging in China onder Dr. -
Reconceptualising Ethnic Chinese Identity in Post-Suharto Indonesia
Reconceptualising Ethnic Chinese Identity in Post-Suharto Indonesia Chang-Yau Hoon BA (Hons), BCom This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia School of Social and Cultural Studies Discipline of Asian Studies 2006 DECLARATION FOR THESES CONTAINING PUBLISHED WORK AND/OR WORK PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION This thesis contains sole-authored published work and/or work prepared for publication. The bibliographic details of the work and where it appears in the thesis is outlined below: Hoon, Chang-Yau. 2004, “Multiculturalism and Hybridity in Accommodating ‘Chineseness’ in Post-Soeharto Indonesia”, in Alchemies: Community exChanges, Glenn Pass and Denise Woods (eds), Black Swan Press, Perth, pp. 17-37. (A revised version of this paper appears in Chapter One of the thesis). ---. 2006, “Assimilation, Multiculturalism, Hybridity: The Dilemma of the Ethnic Chinese in Post-Suharto Indonesia”, Asian Ethnicity, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 149-166. (A revised version of this paper appears in Chapter One of the thesis). ---. 2006, “Defining (Multiple) Selves: Reflections on Fieldwork in Jakarta”, Life Writing, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 79-100. (A revised version of this paper appears in a few sections of Chapter Two of the thesis). ---. 2006, “‘A Hundred Flowers Bloom’: The Re-emergence of the Chinese Press in post-Suharto Indonesia”, in Media and the Chinese Diaspora: Community, Communications and Commerce, Wanning Sun (ed.), Routledge, London and New York, pp. 91-118. (A revised version of this paper appears in Chapter Six of the thesis). This thesis is the original work of the author except where otherwise acknowledged. -
Chinese Big Business in Indonesia Christian Chua
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS CHINESE BIG BUSINESS IN INDONESIA THE STATE OF CAPITAL CHRISTIAN CHUA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2006 CHINESE BIG BUSINESS IN INDONESIA THE STATE OF CAPITAL CHRISTIAN CHUA (M.A., University of Göttingen/Germany) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2006 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout the years working on this study, the list of those who ought to be mentioned here grew tremendously. Given the limited space, I apologise that these acknowledgements thus have to remain somewhat incomplete. I trust that those whose names should, but do not, ap- pear here know that I am aware of and grateful for the roles they played for me and for this thesis. However, a few persons cannot remain unstated. Most of all, I owe my deepest thanks to my supervisor Vedi Hadiz. Without him, I would not have begun work on this topic and in- deed, may have even given up along the way. His patience and knowledgeable guidance, as well as his sharp mind and motivation helped me through many crises and phases of despair. I am thankful, as well, for the advice and help of Mary Heidhues, Anthony Reid, Noorman Ab- dullah, and Kelvin Low, who provided invaluable feedback on early drafts. During my fieldwork in Indonesia, I was able to work as a Research Fellow at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Jakarta thanks to the kind support of its direc- tor, Hadi Soesastro. -
Prominent Chinese During the Rise of a Colonial City Medan 1890-1942
PROMINENT CHINESE DURING THE RISE OF A COLONIAL CITY MEDAN 1890-1942 ISBN: 978-94-6375-447-7 Lay-out & Printing: Ridderprint B.V. © 2019 D.A. Buiskool All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the author. Cover photo: Chinese festive gate in Kesawan, Medan 1923, on the occasion of the 25th coronation jubilee of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. Photo collection D.A. Buiskool PROMINENT CHINESE DURING THE RISE OF A COLONIAL CITY MEDAN 1890-1942 PROMINENTE CHINEZEN TIJDENS DE OPKOMST VAN EEN KOLONIALE STAD MEDAN 1890-1942 (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. H.R.B.M. Kummeling, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 11 november 2019 des middags te 4.15 uur door Dirk Aedsge Buiskool geboren op 8 februari 1957 te Hoogezand Sappemeer 3 Promotor: Prof. Dr. G.J. Knaap 4 Believe me, it is so. The beginning, and not the middle, is the right starting point. ’T is with a kopeck, and with a kopeck only, that a man must begin.1 1 Gogol, Nikol ai Dead Souls Translated by C. J. Hogarth, University of Adelaide: 2014: Chapter III. 5 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 13 INTRODUCTION 15 CHAPTER 1 EAST SUMATRA. THE FORMATION OF A PLANTATION ECONOMY. 29 1. East Sumatra: Historical Overview 32 1.1 East Sumatra until circa 1870 32 1.2 From Tobacco to Oil and Rubber 34 1.3 Migrant workers 38 1.4 Frontier society 43 1.5 Labour conditions on the plantations 44 1.6 Van den Brand’s manifesto 47 1.7 Labour inspection 48 Summary 50 CHAPTER 2 THE CITY OF MEDAN. -
Dari Nasionalisme Cina Hingga Indonesierschap: Pemikiran Liem Koen Hian Tentang Kedudukan Orang Tionghoa Di Indonesia (1919 – 1951)
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA DARI NASIONALISME CINA HINGGA INDONESIERSCHAP: PEMIKIRAN LIEM KOEN HIAN TENTANG KEDUDUKAN ORANG TIONGHOA DI INDONESIA (1919 – 1951) SKRIPSI Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana MICHAEL AGUSTINUS 0706279875 FAKULTAS ILMU PENGETAHUAN BUDAYA PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH DEPOK JULI 2012 i Dari nasionalisme..., Michael Agustinus, FIB UI, 2012 ii Dari nasionalisme..., Michael Agustinus, FIB UI, 2012 iii Dari nasionalisme..., Michael Agustinus, FIB UI, 2012 iv Dari nasionalisme..., Michael Agustinus, FIB UI, 2012 KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Berkat kasih sayangnya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan pendidikan pada jenjang sarjana di Universitas Indonesia. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin mengucapkan rasa terima kasih yang begitu dalam kep ada keluarga yang telah memberikan dukungan moril dan materil demi rampungnya masa studi penulis. Rasa terima kasih ini khususnya kepada kedua kakak penulis, Aileen, dan Aime, yang dengan penuh kasih sayang terus memberi semangat penulis untuk segera menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Dari sisi akademis, penulis banyak ucapkan terima kasih kepada para dosen Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah yang telah membimbing hingga rampungnya skripsi ini. Kepada Tri Wahyuning Mudaryanti, M.Si. sebagai dosen pembimbing, penulis banyak mengucapkan terima kasih atas kesediaan waktu dan juga arahannya selama pengerjaan tugas akhir ini, mulai dari kelas Bimbingan Bacaan hingga skripsi. Dosen-dosen lain juga sangat berjasa melalui perkuliahan dan diskusi yang mereka berikan selama sepuluh semester ini. Untuk itu, penulis ucapkan terima kasih kepada semua dosen di Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah. Dalam menjalankan penelitian lapangan, penulis sangat berterima kasih kepada para pengurus Perpustakaan FIB UI dan Perpustakaan Nasional atas pelayanannya yang sangat baik. Kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis dalam penelitian lapangan yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu per satu, penulis ucapkan banyak terima kasih. -
Wage Rudolf Supratman
WAGE RUDOLF SUPRATMAN Oleh : Bambang Sularto DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDA YAAN DIREKTORAT SEJARAH DAN NILAJ TRADISIONAL PROYEK INVENT ARISASI DAN DOKUMENT ASI SEJARAH NASIONAL JAKARTA 1985 Milik Depdikbud. Tidak'diperdagangkan WAGE RUDOLF SUPRATMAN Oleh: Bambang Sularto DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN DIREKTORAT SEJARAH DAN NILAI TRADISIONAL PROYEK INVENTARISASI DAN DOKUMENT ASI SEJARAH NASIONAL JAKARTA 1985 Penyunting : 1. Sutrisno Kutoyo 2. P. Wayong 3. M. Soenjata Kartadarmadja iii Gambar kulit oleh : Hafid Alibasyah iv SAMBUTAN DIREKTUR JENDERAL KEBUDAYAAN Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional (IDSN) yang berada pada Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisi onal, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Departemen Pendidik an dan Kebudayaan telah berhasil menerbitkan seri buku-buku biografi dan kesejarahan. Saya menyambut dengan gembira hasil penerbitan tersebut. Buku-buku tersebut dapat diselesaikan berkat adanya kerja sama antara para penulis dengan tenaga-tenaga di dalam proyek. Karena baru merupakan langkah pertama, maka dalam buku-buku hasil Proyek IDSN itu masih terdapat kelemahan dan kekurangan. Diharapkan hal itu dapat disempurnakan pada masa yang akan datang. Usaha penulisan bµku-buku ·kesejarahan wajib kita ting katkan mengingat perlunya kita untuk senantiasa memupuk, memperkaya dan memberi corak pada kebudayaan nasional dengan tetap memelihara dan membina tradisi peninggalan sejarah yang mempunyai nilai perjuangan bangsa, kebanggaan serta kemanfaatan nasional. Saya mengharapkan dengan terbitnya buku-buku -
Charles Coppel Boxes for Monash Library 2017
Charles Coppel boxes for Monash Library 2017 Box A1 Tri Budaja; Madjalah bulanan dari Gabungan Sam Kauw Indonesia Djakarta Maret 1954-Djanuari 1955 (issues 2-12) bound into volume 1. Lacks first issue. Issue 12 is incorrectly bound in before issue 2. It was incorrectly printed as issue 1 on the cover. This has been corrected to issue 12. Februari 1955 - Februari 1956 (issues 13-25) bound into volume 2.Coppel Maret 1956 – Mei 1957 (issues 26-40) bound into volume 3. Lacks issues 36-37, Jan-Feb 1957 but these are bound into volume 11, see below. Djuni 1957-Djuli 1958 (issues 41-54) bound into volume 4. Augustus 1958 - Djuli 1959 (issues 55 - 66) bound into volume 5. Augustus 1959 - Augustus 1960; (issues 67 - 79) bound into volume 6. Box A2 September 1960 - September 1961 (issues 80 - 90) bound into volume 7. [marked 80-92] Nopember 1960 - Oktober 1962 (issues 93 – 105) bound into volume 8. Nopember 1962 - Nopember 1963 (issues 106 - 118) bound into volume 9. Desember 1963 - Maret 1965; (issues 119 - 134) bound into volume 10. [marked 119-135] Mei 1965-Pebruari 1966 (issues 136-145) bound into volume 11. Also contains Djanuari/Pebruari 1957 (issues 36/37) (see volume 3 above). * * * * * Box A3 Tan, G[ing] T[iong] [translator]. Kitab Soe Sie (Four Holy Books) This bound volume contains • Kitab Tay Hak (Ilmoe Kebatinan dan Pemerentahan Negri) Soerabaia: Verg. Khong Kauw Hwee; 1935. Translation of the "Daxue" or "The Great Learning". • Kitab Tiong-Yong Soerabaia: Verg. Khong Kauw Hwee; 1935 Translation of the "Zhongyong" or "The Doctrine of the Mean". -
Pramoedya Ananta Toer and China: the Transformation of a Cultural Intellectual
PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER AND CHINA: THE TRANSFORMATION OF A CULTURAL INTELLECTUAL Hong Liu As one of the most prominent writers in Indonesia, Pramoedya Ananta Toer has been at the center of a number of valuable studies which carefully document his intellectual journey and his place in modern Indonesian cultural history.* 1 It has been generally agreed that the years between 1956 and 1959 were crucial in the evolution of Pramoedya's cultural and political thinking. In an effort to trace the causes of this change, the existing literature focuses almost exclusively on Indonesia's turbulent domestic political transformation and its impact on Pramoedya; very little attention * This is an expanded version of a chapter from my doctoral dissertation, "'The China Metaphor': Indonesian Intellectuals and the PRC, 1949-1965" (Ohio University, 1995). I am indebted to William H. Frederick for his constructive and thorough comments. Charles Alexander, Donald Jordan, Benedict Anderson, Chen Xiaru, Go Gien Tjwan, Kent Mulliner, Kohar Rony, Yong Mun-Cheong, and Tsing Yuan have been helpful in shaping my understanding of the complex questions relating to China in Indonesia, for which I am grateful. Financial support for my overseas research was provided by a fellowship from the Center for International Studies at Ohio University and a grant from the Southeast Asian Council of the Association for Asian Studies, both funded by the Henry Luce Foundation. I alone, of course, am responsible for the views expressed here and any remaining errors. 1 See for example, Bahrum Rangkuti, Pramoedya Ananta Toer dan Karja Seninja (Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 1963); Savitri Scherer, "From Culture to Politics: The Writings of Pramoedya Ananta Toer" (PhD diss., Australian National University, 1981); Mohamad Zamri bin Shaari, "Sebuah Analisa Kebahasaan terhadap Bumi Manusia Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer" (PhD diss., Universitas Nasional Indonesia, 1985); and A. -
A LIFE UNDER THREE FLAGS by Peter Liang Tek
A LIFE UNDER THREE FLAGS By Peter Liang Tek Sun ii Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History At the University of Western Sydney, March, 2008 I thank my Heavenly Father in Jesus Christ very much for this great opportunity to study for the Ph.D. degree with the University of Western Sydney; and for His blessing to me that I may remain alive during the dysentery epidemic, the Second World War and during the dangerous accidents which have happened to me. I had to take a break from finishing this thesis between year 2000 and 2003 because of a heart attack after having some hard times in the Indonesian Presbyterian Church, Randwick, Sydney. Praise the Lord that I now have the strength and courage to finish it as I had hoped before. I am grateful to Elizabeth T.H. Tan, Winny, Abrams, Adela, Alvin, Caroline and Amanda for their support. May God bless them forever. iii To the memory of my beloved late parents: Father SUN SENG TJAY Mother KWA ROSE NIO Who have taken good care of me with love and sacrifice, Especially when I was suffering from Dysentery, Typhus and Eye disease. iv To my loving wife Elizabeth T.H.Tan, and my devoted sons and daughters : Abrams H. Dj. Sun Liana H.L. Sun Lucia H.L. Sun Winny H.B. Sun Loeki H.K. Sun Leo H.L. Sun Benjamin H.Tj. Sun Who all have given me moral support and are eagerly awaiting the result of my thesis. v A LIFE UNDER THREE FLAGS Contents Growing up in the Dutch East Indies, 1919-1942 11 Experiencing War and Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945 83 Making a Life in a Time of Revolution, 1945-1949 131 Turbulent National Politics and Personal Business 176 during the Sukarno Era, 1950-1966 Conclusion 243 Abbreviations 246 Bibliography 250 vi BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY The author was born on 2 October 1919, in Cilimus, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. -
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422 WacanaWacana Vol. Vol.18 No. 18 2No. (2017): 2 (2017) 422-454 Didi Kwartanada, Bangsawan prampoewan 423 Bangsawan prampoewan Enlightened Peranakan Chinese women from early twentieth century Java Didi Kwartanada ABSTRACT The end of the nineteenth century witnessed paradox among the Chinese in colonial Java. On one hand, they were prospering economically, but were nonetheless held in contempt by the Dutch, encountered legal discrimination and faced challenges if they wanted to educate their children in European schools. Their marginal position motivated them do their utmost to become “civilized subjects”, on a par with Europeans, but they were also inspired to reinvent their Chinese identity. This contribution will highlight role played by “enlightened” Chinese, the kaoem moeda bangsa Tjina. Central to this movement were the Chinese girls known to the public as bangsawan prampoewan (the noblewomen), who wrote letters the newspaper and creating a gendered public sphere. They also performed western classical music in public. Considering the inspirational impact of bangsawan prampoewan’s enlightening achievements on non-Chinese women, it is appropriate to include them into the narrative of the history of the nation’s women’s movements. KEYWORDS Chinese; women; modernity; progress; newspapers; Semarang; Surabaya; western classical music; Kartini. Didi Kwartanada studies history of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, especially Java. He is currently the Director of the Nation Building Foundation (NABIL) in Jakarta and is preparing a book on the history of Chinese identity cards in Indonesia. His publications include The encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War (Leiden: Brill, 2009) as co-editor and contributor, and the most recent work Tionghoa dalam keindonesiaan; Peran dan kontribusi bagi pembangunan bangsa (3 vols; Jakarta: Yayasan Nabil, 2016) as managing editor cum contributor. -
BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Lagu Kebangsaan
BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Lagu kebangsaan merupakan lagu yang diakui untuk menjadi suatu lagu resmi serta simbol suatu negara atau daerah. Lagu kebangsaan dapat membentuk identitas nasional suatu negara dan dapat digunakan sebagai ekspresi dalam menunjukkan nasionalisme dan patriotisme. Lagu kebangsaan diakui oleh konstitusi, undang-undang, ataupun tanpa hukum resmi dari pemerintah yang mengatur dan hanya berdasar pada konsesi1 masyarakat saja2. Lagu Indonesia Raya mulanya sebagai lagu perjuangan yang kemudian diangkat menjadi lagu kebangsaan dan disebut juga sebagai musik fungsional. Fungsi bersifat upacara lebih ditonjolkan dari pada nilai estetisnya, dimaksudkan secara seremonial tidak selalu harus memenuhi persyaratan teknik komposisi musik yang sempurna seperti karya musik simponi. Ahli ilmu jiwa massa mengatakan lemahnya lagu kebangsaan tidak hanya ditinjau dari komposisi musik, tetapi juga daya tariknya yang mampu membangkitkan semangat terutama makna yang terkandung dalam syair lagu itu3. Terciptanya lagu Indonesia Raya dimulai dengan sikap patriot W.R. Supratman seorang nasionalis, wartawan, dan seniman yang tergugah hatinya, setelah membaca sebuah artikel dalam surat kabar Fajar Asia, artikel itu menyebutkan “siapa yang dapat menciptakan lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya yang dapat membangkitkan semangat rakyat”. Artikel yang semula dimuat dalam majalah Timboel terbit di Yogyakarta, kemudian dikutip oleh surat 1 Konsesi adalah pemberian hak, izin, atau tanah oleh pemerintah, perusahaan, individu, atau entitas legal lainnya. 2 Rudiyanto, Arief. 2016. STUDI ANALISIS TENTANG NILAI-NILAI KEBANGSAAN DALAM LAGU KEBANGSAAN INDONESIA RAYA, Skripsi. Semarang: Universitas Negeri Semarang, hlm. 21. 3 Mintargo Wisnu, 2012. KONTINUITAS DAN PERUBAHAN MAKNA LAGU KEBANGSAAN INDONESIA RAYA, Jurnal, Universitas Gadjah Mada, hlm 309. kabar Fajar Asia pimpinan H. Agus Salim. Artikel itu dibaca Supratman dan mengilhaminya dalam mempersatukan pemuda Indonesia lewat lagu ciptaannya.