Faculty of Humanities, Universitas

August 22 – 24, 2017

ICCIS 2017

PROGRAM

BOOK

“CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS

DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

FACULTY OF HUMANITIE S UNIVERSITAS INDONESI A DEPOK, 2017

ICCIS 2017 PROGRAM BOOK

“CHINA’S IMPACT ON S OUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC CO MMUNITIES: PAST, PRESE NT, FUTURE ”

August 22 – 24, 2017

4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

FACULTY OF HUMANITIE S UNIVERSITAS INDONESI A DEPOK, 2017

ICCIS 2017 PROGRAM BOOK

 2017.

Website: http://iccisfib.ui.ac.id

Committee of ICCIS 2017 Patron: Dr. Adrianus L.G. Waworuntu, M.A., Dean of Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia Person in Charge: Dr. Ali Akbar, M.Hum, Manager of Research and Community Service, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia International Advisory Board 1. Prof. Shi Xueqin (Department of Southeast Asian studies, Xiamen University, China) 2. Prof. Masutani Satoshi (Rikkyo University, Japan) 3. Dr. Thock Ker Pong (Department of Chinese Studies, Univ. Of Malaya)

Steering Committee & Reviewer: 1. Manneke Budiman, Ph.D 2. Prof. Dr. Susanto Zuhdi 3. Prof. Dr. Hermina Sutami 4. Prof. Riris K. Toha Sarumpaet, Ph.D 5. Nurni W. Wuryandari, Ph.D. 6. Iwan Fridolin, M.Hum. 7. Christine Tala Bachrun, M.A. 8. Dr. Setefanus Suprajitno

Conference Director: Dr. R. Tuty Nur Mutia E. Muas Vice Director: Uti Aryanti, M.Hum.

Secretaries: Conference & Proceeding: • Hana Nurul Hasanah, M.Hum. • Nita Madona Sulanti, M.A. • Dewi Resminingayu, M.A. • Najwa Abdullah, M.A. Treasurers: • Moch. Aviandy, M.Hum. • Assa Rahmawati Kabul, M.Hum. Accommodation and Consumption: • Hatmi Idris, M.A. • Lily Sagita Tjahjadi, Ph.D. • Mulyani • Dilah Kencono, M.Si. Public Relations and Protocol: General and Facilities: • Kiki Fauziah, M.Hum. • Achmad Sunjayadi, M.Hum. • Adi Kristina Wulandari, M.Hum. • Eva Latifah, Ph.D. • Muhamad Prabu Wibowo, M.Sc. • Prapto Yuwono, M.Hum • Nanang Sutisna, MMSI

Program Book Content: • Dr. R. Tuty Nur Mutia E. Muas • Uti Aryanti, M.Hum. • Hana Nurul Hasanah, M.Hum. • Dewi Resminingayu, M.A. • Adi Kristina Wulandari, M.Hum. • Nita Madona Sulanti, M.A. • Najwa Abdullah, M.A. • Moch. Aviandy, M.Hum.

Program Book Design and Layout: M. Prabu Wibowo, M.Sc.

“CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS I

ABOUT ICCIS 2017 1

WELCOMING REMARKS BY HEAD OF COMMITTEE 3

WELCOMING REMARKS BY DEAN OF FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA 5

PROGRAMS OF ICCIS 2017 7

DETAILS OF PROGRAM, PLENARIES, AND PARALLEL SESSIONS 9

COMMITTEE OF ICCIS 2017 19

CHINESE STUDY PROGRAM 20

HISTORY OF THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA 25

MUSEUM KEPRESIDENAN RI 27

VIHARA DHANAGUN / HOK TEK BIO TEMPLE 29

DIDIK NINI THOWOK 31

ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS 33

ABSTRACTS: KEYNOTE SPEAKERS 35

PROF. ANTONIA FINNANE (SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS, UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA) 35 PROF. WANG GUNGWU, CBE (EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ) 35

ABSTRACTS: PLENARY SPEAKERS 37

PROF. ZHANG ZHENJIANG (SCHOOL OF OVERSEAS CHINESE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, JINAN UNIVERSITY, GUANGZHOU, CHINA) 37 PROF. GOH BENG LAN (DEPARTMENT OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE) 37 DR. R. TUTY NUR MUTIA (CHINESE STUDIES PROGRAM, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA) 38 PROF. DALI S. NAGA (TARUMANEGARA UNIVERSITY, , INDONESIA) 38 PROF. HERMINA SUTAMI (CHINESE STUDIES PROGRAM, LINGUISTICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA) 39

i 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

DR. SETEFANUS SUPRAJITNO (DEPARTMENT OF CHINESE STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS, PETRA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, SURABAYA, INDONESIA) 39 PROF. SHI XUEQIN (DEPARTMENT OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, XIAMEN UNIVERSITY, CHINA) 40 DRS. SIAUPHING SOUPHAN SANJAYA, M.A., PH.D. (MARANATHA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY) 41 PROF. NOBUHIRO AIZAWA (DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL STUDIES, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INTEGRATED SCIENCES FOR GLOBAL SOCIETY, KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN) 41 DR. JOSH STENBERG (DEPARTMENT OF CHINESE STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA) 42 PROF. DR. DANNY WONG TZE KEN (MALAYSIA INSTITUTE OF CHINESE STUDIES, MALAYSIA) 42 NURNI W. WURYANDARI, PH.D. (CHINESE STUDIES PROGRAM, DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE, FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA) 43

ABSTRACTS: PARALLEL SESSION SPEAKERS 45

ii “CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

About ICCIS 2017

Steering Committee  Prof. Roesdiman Soegiarso: University, Indonesia  Prof. Dali Santun Naga: Tarumanagara University, Indonesia  Jap Tji Beng, Ph.D.: Tarumanagara University, Indonesia  Dr. Sugiri Kustedja: Maranatha Christian University, , Indonesia  Dr. Krismanto K.: Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia  Prof. Esther H.K.: Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia  Dr. Stefanus : Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia  B. Danang Setianto: Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia  Dr. Tyas Susanti: Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia  Prof. Nie De Xing: Xiamen University, Xiamen, China  Prof. Shi Xueqin: Xiamen University, Xiamen, China  Dr. Satosi Masutani: Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan  Prof. Masashi Hirosue: Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan  Nurni W. Wuryandari, Ph. D. : Universitas Indonesia  Dr. Ali Akbar: Universitas Indonesia  Dr. Thock Ker Pong: University of Malaya

1 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

“CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

China’s presence in the Southeast Asian region has been significantly visible for centuries. It has contributed to the making of Southeast Asia from age to age, dating back to the 1st century, and has helped shape the dynamics of the region’s economic, political, and cultural development to the present. The nature of China’s relations with countries in the region also varies from one country to another, depending on the historical contexts of each, and thus making it complex and challenging to be studied. China’s cultural innovation manifests in its ideas, values, and products which spread and influence cultural development in Southeast Asia. Evidence of cultural encounters dates back to thousands of years ago in almost all parts of the region. Since the 2000s, China has been rapidly globalized, and using the slogan “rising in peace”, today China has become a world’s superpower with a determining role to play. This situation naturally presents opportunities as well as ‘threats’ to many nations across the globe. It is safe to say that China’s presence in the region is undeniable and becomes inevitable to whatever trajectory and shape Southeast Asia will take in the future. Studies and research are still urgently needed on various countries in the region to obtain a better picture of China’s impact on each of the countries along the span of history in multiple sectors, and eventually to better understand what the region will be in the future in terms of its relations with China. The study of Chinese diasporic communities in Indonesia has been somewhat disconnected from the external dynamics that is closely related to what happens in China and the East Asian and Southeast Asian regions in general. Research and knowledge production about contemporary Chinese-Indonesian communities, for instance, seem to be conducted as if in isolation and detached from other Chinese diasporic communities in the Southeast Asian region, and even more so as far as the mainland China is concerned. There is a strategic need to reconnect the studies of Chinese diaspora to changes and new developments taking place in China, not because of any essentialist goal but particularly because China has become a new global economic and cultural phenomenon known as the “rising China”. Taking into accounts the changes and development happening in the mainland China in the studies of Chinese communities outside China will open up new possibilities and horizons in the research and scholarship on Chinese diasporic communities in Indonesia as well as in the larger context of Southeast Asia. Therefore, the 4th International Conference on Chinese-Indonesian Studies (ICCIS) held at the Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia in 2017 will expand its traditional boundaries of exploration from merely focusing at Chinese-Indonesian communities to looking at diasporic communities in a larger context or scope that encompasses the Southeast Asian region, and by also looking closer at what has taken place in China from a historical perspective all the way to the contemporary era.

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Welcoming Remarks by Head of Committee

Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb.

All praise and thanks be to God, the Lord of the Worlds for giving us the chance to hold the 4th ICCIS in 2017, especially in the Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia.

During the implementation of the 3rd ICCIS in Universitas Tarumanagara in 2016, Universitas Indonesia was appointed as the host for the 4th ICCIS. It is an honour for Universitas Indonesia specifically Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia because we have Chinese Studies Program established in 1940. The study on China and the diaspora is interesting and infinite. Thus, we try to develop the suitable themes for the current issues, notwithstanding the fundamental purpose of the implementation of this conference. We hope ICCIS can be the medium to study the China and the diaspora more widely and openly, so the contribution for the Chinese Studies in Indonesia can be more significant.

For the 4th ICCIS, there are 60 papers coming from various universities and individuals both in Indonesia and foreign countries that will be presented in the paralleled sessions. Those papers have passed the review done by the Reviewer Team (Scientific Committee). The keynote speakers are Professor Antonia Finnane (University of Melbourne, Australia) and Professor Wang Gungwu (National University of Singapore). Meanwhile, there are 12 plenary speakers from Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Kristen Petra, Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung, Universitas Tarumanagara, University of Malaya, National University of Singapore, Jinnan University, Xiamen University, Kyushu University, and University of Sydney.

We would like to express our deep gratitude to the Universitas Indonesia Governance, especially the Vice Rector of Research and Innovation and KPPRI who have fully supported this conference. We also would like to thank and appreciate to all supporting universities namely Universitas Kristen Petra, Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung, Universitas Tarumanagara, Universitas Kristen Soegijapranata, Xiamen University, Rikkyo University, and University of Malaya. This conference will not be held without the helps from many parties namely the Steering Committee, Executive Committee, Speakers, Participants, etc. Thus, we would like to send our highest appreciation to all

3 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

parties and apologize for any flaws during the conference. Hope all the good intentions from the implementation of this conference are achieved, and the Chinese Studies in Indonesia are more developed. Amen.

Depok, 22 August 2017

Dr. R. Tuty Nur Mutia E.M.

4 “CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

Welcoming Remarks by Dean of Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia

Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished speakers and participants of the Conference,

On behalf of the Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia, allow me to welcome you all to our campus, and to the 4th International Conference on Chinese-Indonesian Studies. Universitas Indonesia is home to the oldest Chinese studies program in Indonesia, and since its inception in the early 1950s, we continue conducting teaching and research not only in the area of Chinese language but also in Chinese culture, history, arts, and politics.

This year’s topic: “China’s Impact on Southeast Asia and its Diasporic Communities: Past, Present, and Future” is chosen with some compelling reasons. First of all, our studies of Chinese-Indonesian communities in Indonesia has always been based on the larger context of Chinese studies instead of being done separately as if there were no connection between the two. Also, we always believe that in order to have a better grasp of the Chinese diaspora in Indonesia, we need to understand the bigger picture which puts Chinese diaspora in Indonesia in the regional perspective, taking into account similar diasporic phenomena in other parts of Southeast Asia.

Moreover, the emerging “Rising China” phenomenon proves further that what happens in China always has significant repercussions to the world outside China, especially to Chinese communities in various parts of the world. Finally, there is a strategic attempt at creating more space within the studies of Chinese diaspora in Indonesia and Southeast Asia in general for Chinese studies, which for a while, have been viewed as two independent bodies of knowledge with no link whatsoever to each other. Chinese studies in Indonesia must incorporate the study of Chinese diaspora in the region to distinguish itself from mainstream Chinese studies, whereas Chinese-Indonesian studies cannot sustain for long without solid backup by comprehensive knowledge about China.

I, therefore, hope that the Conference will be able to provide a clear mapping of knowledge that will help us envision and conceptualize a closer integration

5 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

between the two studies, while at the same time acknowledging that Chinese diasporic studies may also intersect with areas other than Chinese studies, such as Indonesian studies, migration studies, southeast and east Asian studies, et cetera. At the very least, I hope that we will be able to start a continuous dialogue to discuss possibilities, opportunities, and new avenues to bring our teaching and research together towards the production of new knowledge about China in the context of Chinese diasporic communities in the southeast Asian and Indonesian regions, and new knowledge about Chinese diaspora that are informed by developments in China.

I would like to thank all of the speakers and participants, the organizing committee, and to the Rector of Universitas Indonesia, for their enthusiasm, support, and hard work to make the Conference possible.

Have a productive and enjoyable conference. Please spare some time to also enjoy the beauty of our campus while you are here.

Dr. Adrianus Laurens Gerung Waworuntu Dean, Faculty of Humanities

6 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

Programs of ICCIS 2017

Tuesday, 22 /08/17 Day 1 08.00 – 09.00 Re-registration 09.00 – 09.20 Opening: -Singing the National Anthem -Welcome Speeches: Dr. R. Tuty Nur Mutia (Conference Director)/Dr. Adrianus L.G. Waworuntu, M.A. (Dean, Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia) -Opening Remark, Prof. Dr. Ir. Muhammad Anis, M.Met. (Rector, Universitas Indonesia) 09.20 – 10.20 Opening Keynote Speech: Prof. Antonia Finnane (School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne, Australia) 10.40 – 12.10 Plenary session I: 1. Dr. Josh Stenberg (Department of Chinese studies, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia 2. Prof. Goh Beng Lan (Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, National University of Singapore) 3. Prof. Dali S. Naga, (Tarumanegara University, Jakarta. Indonesia) 4. Nurni W. Wuryandari, Ph.D. (Chinese Studies Program, Department of Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia) 14.00 – 15.30 Parallel Session I 15.45 – 17.15 Parallel session II

Wednesday, 23/08/17 Day 2 08.30 – 10.30 Plenary session II: 1. Prof. Shi Xueqin (Institute for Southeast Asian studies, Xiamen University, China) 2. Prof. Hermina Sutami (Chinese Studies Program, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia) 3. Dr. Setefanus Suprajitno (Graduate Program in Linguistics, Literature, and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Letters, Petra Christian University)

7 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

4. Drs. Siauphing Souphan Sanjaya, M.A., Ph.D. (Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia) 10.45 – 12.15 Parallel session III 10.30–12.30 Board Meeting 13.30 – 15.30 Plenary session III: 1. Prof. Zhang Zhenjiang (School of Overseas Chinese & International Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China) 2. Prof. Nobuhiro Aizawa (Department of Cultural Studies, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Global Society, Kyushu University, Japan) 3. Prof. Dr. Danny Wong Tze Ken (Institute of China Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia) 4. Dr. R.Tuty Nur Mutia E.M. (Chinese Studies Program, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia) 15.45 – 16.45 Closing Keynote Speech: Prof. Wang Gungwu, CEB (East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore) 16.45 – 17.00 Closing Remark: Dr. Adrianus L.G. Waworuntu, M.A. (Dean, Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia) 17.00 – 19.00 Reception and Cultural Performance: Mask Dance by Didik Nini Thowok (Indonesian Dance Maestro), Faculty of Humanities campus, Universitas Indonesia

Thursday, 24/08/17 Day 3 08.30 – 15.00 A day-tour to Klenteng Dhanagun and Museum Kepresidenan RI, Bogor, West .

8 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

Details of Program, Plenaries, and Parallel Sessions

Day 1 22 Agustus 2017 No time Program Room Speaker Title Moderator 1. 08.00 - Registration Auditorium 09.00 and Coffee Gedung I WIB Break 2. 09.00 - Opening: Auditorium 09.20 - Singing Gedung I WIB National Anthem - Welcome Speeches: 1. Dr. R. Tuty Nur Mutia (Conference Director) 2. Dr. Adrianus L.G. Waworuntu, M.A. (Dean, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia) 3. Prof. Dr. Ir. Muhammad Anis, Me.Met (Rector, Universitas Indonesia) 3. 09.20 - Opening Building 1 Prof. Antonia 10.20 Keynote Auditorium Finnane WIB Speech 4. 10.20 – Coffee Break 10.40 5. 10.40 - Plenary Building 1 Dr. Josh Dr. 12.10 Session 1 Auditorium Stenberg Rahadjeng WIB Prof. Goh Mindful Politics and Pulungsari Beng Lan Inter-Asia Regionalism: The

9 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

case of Hu Yew Seah Prof. Dali S. CHINESE Naga STUDENTS IN TWENTIETH CENTURY INDONESIA Nurni Java Wuryandari, Representation In Ph.D The 13th Century In Ming Dynasty Manuscript 6. 12.10 - Lunch & Prayer 14.00 WIB 7. 14.00 - Parallel Building 4, Ali Akbar The Betawi Agus Aris 15.30 Session 1 Room Rr. Cininta Traditional House in Munandar WIB 4201 Tiana Karima Condet Jakarta from the Beginning until the Mid of 20th Century: The Culture Influencing its Development Agus Aris Some Architectural Munandar Marks of the Kelenteng Buildings in Java: Archaeological Study Juli Astuti Networking Model for Social Capital Empowerment Based on Productive- Constructive toward Nation Integration Chronika Portuguese Febrianti Heritage as Sihombing Macau’s Tourism R. Tuty Nur Asset and Its Mutia E. M Promotion in Indonesia (an Observation on the Period 2002 – 2016) Building 4, Galuh Sakti Representation of Djoko Room Bandini Labor and Class in Marihandono 4203 Christina Liem Khieng Hoo's Suprihatin Berjuang Djoko Chinese Landlords Marihandono in the Early XIX Century in Java:

10 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

The Rise and Fall of Their Roles Christina Dutch East Suprihatin Indies/Indonesia- Netherlands-China: Articulation of the identity of in Netherlands Sunaryo Tanjidor, A Special Joyopuspito Characteristic of Batavian Art Building 4, Uti Aryanti Written Criticizing Irmala Room Dindadari Strategies Among Sukendra 4205 Arum Jati Chinese Indonesian Speaking Mandarin: A Case Study of Harian Indonesia Newspaper Reader Letters Irmala Hokkian dialect Sukendra influence on Tangerang local language Ayesa Chinese Idiom: Hermina Syntactic Form and Sutami Cultural Value Suwanti The Tomb and Hermina Inscription and Sutami Tomb Figure of Kapitan Cina Liem Khik Sing’s Tomb in Lasem

Building 4, Adrianus L.G. Chinese Nurshita Room Waworuntu Community in Oktifiany 4206 Fuad Gani Indonesia: Two Cities, One Misssion Amalina Animal Ornaments Hasyyati on The 18th-19th Wanny Century Chinese Rahardjo Temple in Chinatown Semarang, Rustono The Euphoria Era of Farady Marta 1999-2003 on Chinese-Indonesian

11 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

Discourse in National Films Nurshita The Effect of Social Oktifiany and Political Nurni Wahyu Conditional to Wuryandari Marriage: In the Short Story Entitled Yinyuan (Marriage) Building 4, Pierre van der Demography of Pierre van Room Eng Chinese Firms in der Eng 4207 Indonesia, 1890- 1940 Rahadjeng Taiwan in CRI- Pulungsari Indonesia Broadcast: Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy Tonny Dian Indonesian Chinese Effendi Diaspora’s Interest and Motivation in the Relations with China Atika Kurnia An Overview on Putri Bilateral Normalization of Indonesia – China 1974 - 1990 8. 15.30 - Coffee Break 15.45 WIB 9. 15.45 - Parallel Building 4, Esther Chineseness in the Symphony 17.15 Session 2 Room Harijanti lives of Chinese Akelba 4201 Kuntjara Indonesians: A Christian challenge in facing China foreign policy in Southeast Asia Hermina Communicative Sutami Grammar in Assa Chinese Language Rahmawati Kabul Hermina Semantic Analysis Sutami of Chinese Symphony Language Verb- Akelba Object Collocation Christian Zulfa – Tiong Hwa Hwe Saumia Kuan (THHK) School in Padang: As the Representation of Chinese Identity in Colonial Periode

12 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

Building 4, Frida Rahmita China's Historical Mei Lin Room Gultom Cultural 4203 Contribution to the South China Sea Dispute Afriadi Afriadi Chinese in Bangka: The Past and Present Tania Septia The Growth of Renjani Shanzhai（山寨） Tuty Nur Industry and Its Mutia E.M. Impact to Indonesia’s Economy : 1992 – 2012 Mei Lin The evolution of Economic Relation between China and Indonesia: Focusing on Trade and Investment Aspects Building 4, Hiqma Nur The Conflict of Turro S. Room Agustina Identity in Mencari Wongkaren 4205 Sila Kelima Celerina Dewi Worship of the Hartati Gods, Tradition that Survives in Modernity, Case Study in Chinese Bekasi Turro S. Choosing Identity: Wongkaren Religions of Chinese Indonesians during the New Order Era KeXu The Chinese Dilemmas in promoting the Sino- Indonesia People- People Contact in the Wake of the “One Belt and One Road Initiative” Building 4, Jodi HU 符(FÚ) in the Reynaldo de Room Archelli Hermina Tradition of Chinese 4206 Sutami Diaspora Society in Indonesia Dewik The Dynamics of Untarawati Chinise Indonesian Association in Jakarta , 1999-2005

13 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

Reynaldo de We are no longer Si Archelli Gombak: The effort Zeffry Alkatiri and challenges Tuty Nur while constructing Mutia E.M. the stigma of Chinese Ethnic Group in Surabaya during reformation era

Dilah Kencono Dancing with the Nemesis? Analyzing Chinese Shi San Wu Video Building 4, Andre Ginting Sinicization of Andre Room Sacred Local Ginting 4207 Figures: A Study of Chinese Diaspora Worship Practice at HokTek Bio Temple in Bogor Indonesia Ali Akbar Klenteng Argi Arafat Avalokitesvara Di Banten Abad Ke-17 Masehi: Kajian Arkeologi Decky The Chinese Rakhman Traders Reaction R. Tuty Mutia towards the Opium E.M. Trading System in Tri Wahyuning Colonial Era Mudaryanti Day 2 – 23 Agustus 2017 No time Program Room Speaker Judul Makalah Moderator 10. 08.30 - Plenary Building 1 Prof. Shi Sightseeing Dilah 10.30 Session 2 Auditoriu Xueqin Program, Kencono, WIB m Propaganda and M.Si PRC's Diaspora Diplomacy: A Study of Relationship between Indonesian Chinese and PRC in 1950s Prof. Hermina Mandarin Chinese Sutami Kurikulum Design Dr. Stefanus Constructing Suprajitno Chinese Media and Chinese Identity in

14 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

Indonesia after the Reform Drs. Siauphing Souphan Sanjaya, MA, Ph.D 11. 10.30 - Coffee Break 10.45 WIB 12. 10.45 - Parallel Building 4, Mohamad The Culture of Mohamad 12.15 Session 3 Room Rosyidin Doubled-Edge Rosyidin WIB 4201 Diplomacy: Understanding Chinese Duality Approach in the South China Sea Dispute Ali Abdullah ASEAN-China Wibisono Security Relations: Traditional and Non- Traditional Aspects Iswary The Role of Lawanda Archives in China Nova Marina China under Xi Sirait Jinping’s ‘Pivot to ASEAN’: Challenges and Prospects Building 4, Jasmine Citra Cuiqiao’s (翠巧) Thara Room Maharani Muthia Dream to Escape 4203 Adi Kristina Sany The Yellow Earth ( Wulandari 黄土地) Yellow Earth 黄土地: Analysis, a Film by Chen Kaige (陈凯歌 ) Thara Muthia The Philosophical Sany Meaning of Train and Fire in “The Fire Chariot” Short Story by Lao She Subianto The Two Central Rustandi Characters in Oei Tiong Ham Concern, Seen from Bourdieu’s Perspective Nanny Sri The myth of Dewi Lestari Sri and Dewi Kwan Im,

15 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

A cultural acculturation that produces harmony in social life Building 4, Nimatun People Republic of Achmad Room Nasim China and Korean Sunjayadi 4205 War 1950-1953 (A Perspective of Chinese Foreign Policy) Chen Tong Research on the Relevance of the Culture of Town-god Worship and the Transnational Chinese Community Achmad Chinese Community Sunjayadi in the Netherlands- Indies in the View of Foreign Women Travelogue Writers of the 19th-20th Century Anita Lie Identity Transformation among Indonesian- Americans of Chinese Descent

Building 4, Elizabeth The Representation Christine Room Susanti of Chinese-ness Claudia 4206 Gunawan Identity in Lukman Lifeng Yan Indonesian Films Berti Alia Representation of Bahaduri contemporary Cheongsam by Indonesian Chinese designers Christine Chineseness in Claudia Indonesia’ Lukman advertising Ghendis THE POSITION Aniesti Kayira AND ROLES OF Adi Kristina FEMALE Wulandari SUPPORTING CHARACTER- LIÁN SHĒNG (蓮生) IN THE WARLORDS ( 投名狀)

16 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

Pauw The Early Budianto Indonesian Yohan Yusuf Translation of the Arifin Tao TeChing by Tan SoeDjwan (1937) Building 4, Lilawati Kurnia Chineseness as a Saiful Room Space of Bakhri 4207 Contestation: Reading Two Indonesian Peranakan Museums in Tangerang Ali Akbar Identifying the Three Saiful Bakhri Kingdoms Bas-relief in Benteng Heritage Museum - Tangerang Afifa Tajriatul COLLECTIVE Muawanah MEMORY IN Irmawati KHOUW OEN Marwoto GIOK’S MAUSOLEUM: FORGETTING THE CHINESE IDENTITY AND REMEMBERING THE DUTCH IDENTITY

Novianti Halim MARKET TEMPLES Irmawati IN JAKARTA: A Marwoto REPRESENTATION OF FENG SHUI IDEOLOGY 13. 12.15 - Lunch & Prayer 13.30 WIB 14. 13.30 - Plenary Building 1 Prof. Zhang Sino-ASEAN Hana Nurul 15.30 Session 3 Auditoriu Zhenjiang Relations: History, Hasanah, WIB m Opportunities and M.Hum Challenges Prof. Nobuhiro Indonesia’s new Aizawa political front line of Chinese Foreign Labor Prof. Dr. Hakka Museum Danny Wong Jakarta: More than Tze Ken a museum Dr. R. Tuty The Tionghoa Nur Mutia E.M Between the "Honour" of Two Countries: A Note in

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the History of Indonesia - China Relations 15. 15.30 - Coffee Break 15.45 WIB 16. 15.45 Closing Building 1 Prof. Wang 16.45 Keynote Auditoriu Gongwu Speech m 17. 16.45 - Closing Building 1 17.00 Remark: Dr. Auditoriu Adrianus L.G. m Waworuntu, M.A. (Dean, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia) 18. 17.00 - Reception Building 4 19.00 and Cultural Auditoriu Performance: m Mask Dance by Didik Nini Thowok (Indonesian Dance Maestro)

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Committee of ICCIS 2017

Patron: Dr. Adrianus L.G. Waworuntu, M.A., Dean of Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia Person in Charge: Dr. Ali Akbar, M.Hum, Manager of Research and Community Service, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia International Advisory Board 1. Prof. Shi Xueqin (Department of Southeast Asian studies, Xiamen University, China) 2. Prof. Masutani Satoshi (Rikkyo University, Japan) 3. Dr. Thock Ker Pong (Department of Chinese Studies, Univ. Of Malaya) Steering Committee & Reviewer: 1. Manneke Budiman, Ph.D 5. Nurni W. Wuryandari, Ph.D. 2. Prof. Dr. Susanto Zuhdi 6. Iwan Fridolin, M.Hum. 3. Prof. Dr. Hermina Sutami 7. Christine Tala Bachrun, M.A. 4. Prof. Riris K. Toha 8. Dr. Setefanus Suprajitno Sarumpaet, Ph.D Conference Director: Dr. R. Tuty Nur Mutia E. Muas Vice Director: Uti Aryanti, M.Hum. Secretaries: • Hana Nurul Hasanah, M.Hum. • Dewi Resminingayu, M.A. Treasurers: Conference & Proceeding: • Assa Rahmawati Kabul, • Nita Madona Sulanti, M.A. M.Hum. • Najwa Abdullah, M.A. • Hatmi Idris, M.A. • Moch. Aviandy, M.Hum. • Mulyani Accommodation and Public Relations and Consumption: Protocol: • Lily Sagita Tjahjadi, Ph.D. • Kiki Fauziah, M.Hum. • Dilah Kencono, M.Si. • Adi Kristina Wulandari, General and Facilities: M.Hum. • Achmad Sunjayadi, M.Hum. • Muhamad Prabu Wibowo, • Eva Latifah, Ph.D. M.Sc. • Prapto Yuwono, M.Hum. • Nanang Sutisna, MMSI

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Chinese Studies Program

About the Studies Program The Chinese Studies Program is developed to provide sufficient courses necessary for competence in the Chinese language. Attention is also given to analytical skills applicable for literary works and research purposes. The study program is engaged in a continuous effort to gain recognition for research and community services at local, national, and international levels Students are introduced to approaches in the study of the Chinese language, research skills, and competence for critical analysis by providing them with theoretical foundations and methodologies for research activities. The Program also provides courses covering the fundamentals of philosophy, Chinese literary studies, general Chinese phonetics and phonology, morphology, semantics, as well as classic and contemporary Chinese history. General Assessments Mid Semester Test, Final Semester Test, Project Proposal, and Undergraduate Thesis Career Outlook Graduates can pursue careers in a variety of job positions in education sectors, language and translation services, publication companies, governmental offices for foreign affairs. Specific Entry Requirements International applicants are expected to meet the language requirements set by the university and to have an understanding of Indonesian Language in order to be admitted to the program since some courses may be delivered in the Indonesian language.

Wisuda UI semester Genap 2015 Sinologi Sambut Maba dan Perkenalan IMSI di Briefing PSAMABIM 2015

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Wisuda Sastra Cina UI 8 Februari Pre Event Sinofest XII di Margo City 2014 Depok

Karnaval Festival Budaya 2012 (Avatar: The Legend of Aang)

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Petang Kreatif 2012 Halal Bihalal IMSI 2012

RaBa (Rangkul Maba) 2012 Program kerja IMSI untuk menyambut mahasiswa baru Program Studi Cina angkatan 2012. Panitia terdiri dari anggota IMSI angkatan 2009-2011.

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History of the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia

FROM THE FACULTY OF LETTERS TO THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

The Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia (FIB UI) developed from the Faculty of Letters, of the same university. The Faculty of Letters was established on October 1, 1940, in accordance with the Dutch government regulations under the name of Faculteit der Letteren en Wijsbegeerte. The faculty’s first lecture was conducted on December 4, 1940, at the Rechts Hogeschool Building at Jalan Merdeka Barat No. 13, Central Jakarta (now houses the Indonesian Ministry of Defense and Security). The faculty had four majors: Indonesian Literature, Social Sciences, History, and Science of Nations.

On February 2, 1950, the management of Universiteit van Indonesie (originally named Nooduniversiteit) was taken over by the Higher Education Council of the Republic of Indonesia (Balai Perguruan Tinggi Republik Indonesia or BPTRI), a government institution, and its name was changed into Universiteit van Indonesia. In 1954, the name was finally changed into Universitas Indonesia or the Universitas Indonesia. This university included Faculteit der Letteren en Wijsbegeerte which would later be changed into Fakulteit Sastra dan Filsafat (Faculty of Letters and Philosophy).

There were only four majors: Indonesian Literature, French Language, Chinese Language, and Archaeology. Those four majors then underwent further development in response to the growing needs of the times and the availability of lecturers. That led to the establishment of five majors: Indonesian Literature, English Literature, Chinese Literature, French Literature, and the so-called “Free Major” (Jurusan Bebas). Following the establishment of Anthropology Major in 1957, the “Free Major” was closed, and in 1961 it was officially terminated.

In response to the development of knowledge and the needs of people, FIB UI further expanded into 14 majors: Indonesian Literature, Regional Literature (consisting only of Javanese Literature), East Asian Literature (consisting of Chinese and Japanese Literature), West Asian Literature (consisting only of

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Arabic Literature), Germanic Literature (consisting of German and Dutch Literature), English Literature, Romanic Literature (consisting only of French Literature), Slavic Literature (consisting only of Russian Literature), Archaeology, History, Philosophy, Library Science, and South Asian Literature—this last major was opened in 1975, but as there was a lack of interest in this field it was eventually closed in 1978. Adding to those study programs, the Korean Language and Culture Study Program was established in 2006. This development in fields of study gave rise to the idea of changing the name of the Faculty of Letters (Fakultas Sastra) into the Faculty of Humanities (Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya). One of the reasons for the transformation is that the meaning of the term sastra (literally, “literature”) has narrowed. The original meaning of the Sanskrit word sastra is “culture” or “knowledge” (indeed, this was the original idea behind the original naming), but most people now consider sastra as “a branch of arts which employs language as its medium”. In the modern context, sastra is widely understood as works of literature such as novels, short stories, poems, or plays.

As a consequence, this could give rise to a mistaken conception that the Faculty of Letters’ sole aim is to educate its students to master literature, which is not always true. Generally speaking, the Faculty of Letters covers a much larger scope of knowledge related to human culture including the sciences of language (linguistics), literature, history, library science, philosophy, and archaeology.

Based on the Regulation of the Rector of the Universitas Indonesia No. 266/SK/R/UI/2002 enacted on June 27, 2002, the Faculty of Letters, the Universitas Indonesia was officially renamed the Faculty of Humanities, the Universitas Indonesia (FIB UI). Since then, the faculty has undergone further structural transformations in response to the ambitious plan to develop the university into a Research University and a State- Owned Legal Entity (BHMN). The term “major” (jurusan) was changed into “study program” (program studi), so now there is a total of fifteen study programs at FIB UI. In addition to that, seven departments were also established, which are Archaeology Department, History Department, Linguistics Department, Literature Department, Library and Information Science Department, and Area Studies Department, whose main duties are to promote and to develop their respective field of study. Throughout its long history, FIB UI has occupied several places and buildings to conduct its lectures. In 1940, lectures were conducted at Jalan Merdeka Barat No. 13 and then at Jalan Diponegoro No. 82—both in Central Jakarta. The faculty then moved to the UI Rawamangun Campus, East Jakarta, in 1960. Finally, since 1987 the faculty’s activities have been centralized at the Depok Campus, .

26 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

Museum Kepresidenan RI Bogor

The Museum Milestones

The Republic of Indonesia Presidential Museum of Balai Kirti is licated at the Bogor Presidential Palace, covering a land area of approximately 3211.6 m2 and a building area of approximately 5.865 m2. The establishment of the museum was initiated by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2012. The museum exhibits the works as well as the achievements of each president from the first to the sixth President of the Republic of Indonesia in their efforts leading the nation during their service years.

Each passing event in the history leaves traces in many objects such as photos, books, paintings, art objects, and notes. Due to their historical values, they need to be placed in a special exhibition space called as “Hall of Fame:, a setting displaying objects associated to important and everlasting memories of the nation. The phrase “Hall of Fame” in Indonesian is interpreted into “Balai Kirti” derived from Sanskrit. Balai means hall and Kirti means fame; therefore, literary Balai Kirti is a space exhibiting fame. Substantially, Balai Kirti connotes a premise storing and displaying a variety of relics that once brought fame.

The building construction is managed by the Ministry of Public Works preceded with a design contest in 2012 and then continued to the infrastructure constructing from 2013 to 2014.

The presentation of the museum contents including storyline, exhibition layout, collections, documentaries, information and technology facilities, and library are conducted by the Ministry of Education and Culture. The beginning process of managing the museum content was started from 2012 to 2014. Other supporting institutions were also involved in completing the museum collections such as The National Library contributing presidential history books to the museum library collections, the National Archive providing materials for audio visual documentaries, and the Geospatial Information Agency helping with the digital map information.

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Vihara Dhanagun / Hok Tek Bio Temple

Vihara Dhanagun which is also known as Hok Tek Bio is the oldest Chinese Temple in Bogor. It is located in the center of the central city of Bogor, Jalan Surya Kencana Bogor, close to Bogor Market and the Bogor Botanical Garden, easily reached by public transportation or private vehicles. Hok Tek Bio stems from the word Hok=Fortune, Tek=virtue, Bio=place, so Hok Tek Bio means place of worship of fortune and kindness. Vihara Dhanagun or Hok Tek Bio Temple is a China Town icon of Bogor, adorned with Chinese style ornaments, the temple is beautiful and well maintained.

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Didik Nini Thowok

Didik Nini Thowok whose real name is Didik Hadiprayitno, was born in Temanggung on November, 13th 1954. As a multi-talented artist, Didik Nini Thowok has performed for the highest dignitaries throughout the world. Besides a professional dancer, he’s also a director of the Vocational Dance Education of Natya Lakshita Institute, Didik Nini Thowok Foundation, and Didik Nini Thowok Entertainment. He’s come along the way to enrich himself by working and teaching in order to become a multi talented and professional artist, particularly in dancing.

Lots of awards have been granted to Didik Nini Thowok throughout his works and his unique style in combining classical, folk, modern and comedic dance.

Some of his original choreographies are very well known in Indonesia. Aside from performing his own original choreographies, he also has the incredible skill in performing various dance traditions such as Topeng(mask), Sundanese, , Balinese, and of course Central Javanese. Didik Nini Thowok’s fame propelled him throughout Indonesia for his unique style; combining classical, folk, modern and comedic dance form. He is one of the few artist who continues the long tradition of “ Traditional Cross Gender “ in the dance form. His talent in impersonating female characters as well as his incredible skill in various dance traditions such as topeng (mask dance), Sundanese, Cirebon, Balinese, and of course Central Javanese; has on many

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occasions dumfounded the audience in determining the gender of the artist. Didik Nini Thowok has performed for the highest dignitaries throughout the world. Didik Nini Thowok Dance Studio teaches many styles of dances, including Central Javanese, Sundanese, Cirebon Mask Dance, Balinese and Original Choreography. The name Didik Nini Thowok is identically well known with humorous dances movement pattern. Apparently, in Didik Nini Thowok’s concept and idea, dances have become a vehicle to entertain and to cheer up the heart and soul of the public. On the stage, he transforms into a coquettish and cheerful dancer, but lots of people accused him commercial in return. That’s the result of his struggle over 20 years to find his own dance characteristics creation. It is said that to dance not as the way people dance generally. His dance creations shown in public always reflect the cheerful spirit and are being presented in some fresh styles and formats. Most of them were inspired by the traditional dances that came from various sub ethnics that lie within the Indonesian archipelago. (Source: https://music.washington.edu/events/2014-11-10/ethnomusicology- visiting-artist-event-didik-nini-thowok)

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Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia August 22 – 24, 2017

ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS

“CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE” F

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Abstracts: Keynote Speakers

Prof. Antonia Finnane (School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne, Australia)

Abstract not available

Prof. Wang Gungwu, CBE (East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore) Wang Gungwu National University of Singapore

The many changes in regional and global conditions have greatly influenced recent relations between China and its neighbours. They have inevitably affected the position of the ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asian nations in many ways. Among the questions raised are, Have there been changes in Chinese policies towards ethnic Chinese? What is the impact, if any, on local Chinese identities and loyalties? Also, where there have been recent immigrants from China, what difference has that made to ethnic Chinese attitudes towards China and to the formulation of national policies by Southeast Asian governments?

Many of the earlier studies dealt with conditions that have radically changed. Therefore, there is great need for research done with fresh data. Also, new methodologies are needed to study a newly prosperous and strong China, with perspectives very different from the time when China was relatively divided and weak. We need to know in what new ways loyal ethnic Chinese can help enhance relations between China and each of their adopted countries so that everyone would benefit. And, given the speed of changes today, it is more important than ever for objective and authoritative analyses of the inter- connectedness that can only grow and draw all peoples closer together.

Gatherings of scholars dedicated to such studies are more important than ever. I congratulate the organisers and participants for their work in this area and look forward to reading your presentations when they are published.

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Abstracts: Plenary Speakers

Prof. Zhang Zhenjiang (School of Overseas Chinese and International Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China)

Sino-ASEAN Relations: History, Opportunities and Challenges

ZHANG Zhenjiang ZHAO Siyang

This essay briefly reviews the history of China-ASEAN relations, summarizes its influencing factors, foundations and challenges of China-ASEAN cooperation. There are four stages of China-ASEAN relations: Cold War Period from 1967 to 1990, Preparation Period for Comprehensive Cooperation from 1991 to 2001, "Golden Decade" from 2002 to 2012 and the ongoing "Diamond decade" from 2013. The overall trend of China-ASEAN relations in the past 50 years has experienced the evolution from confrontation to reconciliation, and then to cooperation. The structure of international system, the degree of regional cooperation and China, ASEAN themselves as critical junctures together affect the development of China-ASEAN relations. Both China and ASEAN countries benefit from its cooperation in political, economy, diplomacy, security, and social-cultural fields. The sharing historical traditions and the understanding of multilateralism constitute the common knowledge between China and ASEAN countries, which contributes to the formation of regional identity. Meanwhile, the China-ASEAN relations are also facing several challenges, such as the South China Sea dispute, their strategic distrust and the uncertainty by the changes in the domestic political situation in the ASEAN countries. Keywords: ASEAN, China-ASEAN relations, regional cooperation, regionalism

Prof. Goh Beng Lan (Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore)

Mindful Politics and Inter-Asia Regionalism: The case of Hu Yew Seah

Goh Beng Lan National University of Singapore

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This paper uses critical imaginaries of self and society generated by Hu Yew Seah — a literary association in early 20th Century Penang—to make a case on ethical traditions long in circulation between China and Southeast Asia as bearing promise for a renewal of mind-sets as the basis for radical politics. Its analysis is inspired by critical claims of inter-Asia regionalism as providing us with rich ethical resources for the inculcations of revolutionary imaginaries for a more just, convivial and sustainable global future.

Dr. R. Tuty Nur Mutia (Chinese Studies Program, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia)

The Tionghoa Between the "Honour" of Two Countries: A Note in The History of Indonesia-China Relations

R. Tuty Nur Mutia E.M.

The Tionghoa in the history of the relation between Indonesia-China has a unique position. Thung Julan analyzed the position within the framework of "outsider within and insider without" concept, in which the Tionghoa are expected to act as a 'bridge' linking both nations and countries. This view is interesting to be discussed deeply, mainly because of in the history of Indonesia-China diplomatic relations record stating that, ‘two countries’, especially the PRC, tended to ‘exploit’ the Tionghoa for their own benefit. This paper used a historical approach to show the position of the Tionghoa in the relations of RI-PRC. Subsequently, in that context, is it right, and to what extent the Tionghoa can act as a 'bridge' connecting both nations and countries, especially when 'honour' is at stake? The analysis is conducted within the framework of mianzi concept, which in Chinese culture contains the meaning of 'honour', also the dignity and sovereignty of the nation. Thus, it was revealed that, in some historical events related to the Tionghoa issues, China always made an effort of not to be diu mian or 'losing face'. Keywords: Position, The Tionghoa, Honour, RI-PRC relations

Prof. Dali S. Naga (Tarumanegara University, Jakarta, Indonesia)

CHINESE STUDENTS IN TWENTIETH CENTURY INDONESIA

Dali Santun Naga Tarumangara University

Abstract. Chinese students in twenty century Indonesia could be divided into three periods. The first period in the first quater of this century was the begining of the Chinese children to attend proper education in primary schools, first in

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Chinese schools and later in Dutch schools. The second period in the second quater of this century was when Chinese students entered secondary schools and participated in movements of supporting China from many disgraces. The third period in the second half of this century was when Chinese students in Chinese schools were split into supporting New China, supporting Taiwan, and remained peranakan. It was also the period when increasingly more Chinese students entered tertiary . Along with Indonesian independence, most of them became Chinese Indonesians and it was also the period when the New Order goverment banned Chinese language, characters, and cultures and closed all Chinese intitutions or organisations as well Chinese Indonesian institutions and organisations indiscrimately. Keywords: Chinese students, Indonesian Chinese, Chinese Indonesians

Prof. Hermina Sutami (Chinese Studies Program, Linguistics Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia)

Mandarin Chinese Curriculum Design

Hermina Sutami Universitas Indonesia

After Chinese school were abolished for 23 years (1975-1998), in 1998 Mandarin Chinese (Mandarin), Han characters are not prohibited anymore nowadays. Mandarin can be taught and learned in all areas in Indonesia. The Ministry of Education and Culture held a seminar on national language policy in 1999. The result was “Kebijakan Bahasa Nasional “ (National Language Policy). There are some points should be made clear, such as which languages are regional languages, foreign languages; curriculum and syllabus design; aim of teaching foreign languages, especially Mandarin. This policy ascertained the status of Mandarin in Indonesia which relate to curriculum design. This paper presents curriculum design for Mandarin as a second foreign language, especially in the level of higher education, such as university, diploma program, and also senior high school (SMU, SMK, MA). Key words: Mandarin, curriculum design, second foreign language, high school, higher education

Dr. Setefanus Suprajitno (Department of Chinese Studies, Faculty of Arts, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia)

Constructing Chineseness: Chinese Media and Chinese Identity in Indonesia after the Reform

Setefanus Suprajitno Petra Christian University [email protected]

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The fall of Suharto in 1998 brought winds of change in Indonesia, especially the policies concerning the Chinese. After being suppressed under his regime, they found an opportunity to express their ethnicity by publishing their ethnic media with the purpose of countering the negative and stereotypical portrayals of their ethnic group and reconstructing their ethnic identity, which experienced erasure during Suharto era. In this paper, I examine the discursive practices the Chinese use to mold their ethnic identity. I investigate the discursive ideas of ethnicity in the realm of social life, by analyzing the content of Chinese media. I focus on the strategies the Chinese media use for constructing Chinese identity. The findings show that through their report and coverage, they try to create an identity consisting of their understandings of being Chinese, by using symbols salient to Chinese ethnicity. Their media content is geared towards the reconstruction and maintenance Chinese identity. They view Chinese Indonesians as an imagined community whose ethnicity can be symbolically perceived and maintained through the frequent exposure to their ethnic media. They hope that readers derive and maintain their feeling of ethnic belonging and identity through a perceived affiliation with their ethnic group and its shared symbols during the course of their participation in their ethnic media. However, although they succeed in bringing Chinese culture back to Indonesian public, the diversity of the Chinese community challenges their effort to construct Chinese identity. Keywords: Chineseness, Chinese Indonesian, media, identity

Prof. Shi Xueqin (Department of Southeast Asian studies, Xiamen University, China)

HuaQiao Sightseeing Program, Propaganda and PRC's Diaspora Diplomacy: A Study of Relationship between Indonesian Chinese and PRC in 1950s

Shi xueqin [email protected] (School for Southeast Asian Studies, Xiamen University, China)

With the ending of WWII and the start of cold war, the newly born PRC communist regime was encircled and contained by some hostile neighboring countries manipulated by U.S. In Southeast Asia, only some newly independent countries like Indonesia, North Vietnam and Union of Myanmar recognized Beijing regime and built formal diplomatic relationship with Beijing in 1950s. Among these friendly Southeast Asian countries, Indonesian President , a staunch nationalist and ambitious leader upheld independent diplomacy and actively developed Indonesian relationship with PRC. Moreover, it is estimated more than 1.2 million Chinese diaspora scattered in Indonesia archipelago in the early of 1950s, who were targeted by Beijing regime and Taiwan regime, both Beijing and Taiwan parties launched fierce competition for Indonesian Chinese political identity and support, both parties

40 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE” took various measures to launch propaganda war for their own ends. Among these measures, organizing patriotic Indonesian Chinese took part in the new China Sightseeing program was an important diplomatic measure for Beijing to conduct propaganda war and grabbed Indonesian Chinese support for new China. Thus, this paper，based on Chinese archives，through focusing on Indonesian Chinese, attempts to study the Chinese Diaspora's role in PRC's diplomatic strategy by studying HuaQiao Sightseeing Program mobilized and organized by PRC Government．The paper examines and analyzes the motive, organizing procedure, activities and influence of China government's dominated Sightseeing Programs, pointing out that Indonesian Chinese played a significant role in China's engagement with Indonesia and functioned as an active actor in China's diplomacy in 1950s. Through the Huaqiao Sightseeing Program and propaganda work，China expanded its political influence and consolidated its legitimacy among the Overseas Chinese community in competition with Taiwan's efforts for Chinese Diasporas' support． This paper is planned to include mainly the following parts: 1. The role of Chinese Diaspora in PRC’s diplomatic policy; in this part, the paper is trying to examine the CCP related narrative of overseas Chinese role in China’s diplomatic thoughts and policy. 2. General profile of Huaqiao Sightseeing Programs; in this part，the paper is attempting examine the organizing work, reception work, sightseeing spots and other activities. The paper also will point that in the whole process of Sightseeing programs, various associations of Indonesia Chinese and departments of Overseas affaires in China mainland playing important role. 3. Huaqiao Sightseeing programs and propaganda work; in this part, the paper will examine the role of Chinese paper like SENG HWO PAO and in China’s propaganda movement in Indonesian Chinese community and its impact on Indonesian Chinese identity.

Drs. Siauphing Souphan Sanjaya, M.A., Ph.D. (Maranatha Christian University)

Abstract not available

Prof. Nobuhiro Aizawa (Department of Cultural studies, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Global Society, Kyushu University, Japan)

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Indonesia’s new political front line of Chinese Foreign Labor

AIZAWA, Nobuhiro Kyushu University, Japan.

The rise of numbers in Chinese foreign workers in Indonesia has created a new political front line in Indonesia. While strong attention both by politicians and media have risen onto the issue. Both severely criticized the government for not taking enough action and responsibility in preventing the negative effect onto Indonesian economy and politics. Not just the mass media but also online media and SNS highlighted and circulated scenes of arresting and deporting the foreign Chinese workers in factories and construction sites in Indonesia. It became a story which was good enough that the government has not done enough to secure Indonesians' priority right in the labor market. The issue also expanded its nature of labor issue to security issue when illegal surfaced in 2016 on the High-speed train construction in the Air Force property. Be it a labor issue or a security issue, the difficulty for the Indonesian government in taking the issue is because the core principle of Indonesian foreign and economic policy has been promoting inbound foreign investment. As China becomes one of the leading countries to invest in Indonesia, the foreign investment principle has pushed the government into the defensive position, trying to cool down the media attention rather than politically using it for xenophobic nationalism, as past Indonesian presidents have done. President Joko Widodo has chosen a new way, a defensive style of politics, to tackle this popular xenophobic feeling which is gradually growing through this issue of TKA. In this paper, I will discuss the new style of governance and politics under the Jokowi presidency in dealing with this pressing issue of foreign workers from China which is in a way, a global phenomenon. Indonesia would be one of the toughest countries to deal this problem, due to its broad and complex ethnic Chinese community among the Indonesian nationals, and due to the historical legacy that Indonesian political figures and government institutions repeatedly utilized anti-Chinese rhetoric to gain political credit.

Dr. Josh Stenberg (Department of Chinese Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia)

Abstract not available

Prof. Dr. Danny Wong Tze Ken (Malaysia Institute of Chinese Studies, Malaysia)

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Hakka Museum Jakarta: More than a museum Danny Wong Tze Ken Institute of China Studies & Department of History University of Malaya [email protected]

The recent opening of a Hakka Museum in Jakarta represents perhaps a most striking step by Indonesian Chinese to re-assert their identity within the larger Indonesian framework. The establishment of the museum was spearheaded by Indonesian Hakka associations that were formed in the period after the fall of President Suharto in 1998. Although called the Hakka Museum and in fact one of two floors is dedicated to Hakka exhibits, and another floor which offers a broad view of the history and culture of the wider Chinese society in Indonesia. In this most concrete way, the range of artefacts in the museum offer a narrative of the Indonesian Chinese community, their contribution to the nation, and of the challenges and efforts to be an integral part of the Indonesian social and cultural fabric. The Hakka Museum is, therefore, an ethnic or a culturally specific museum. It has been suggested that ethnic museums like the Hakka Museum developed because those behind them feel that their cultural experiences have been marginalized or excluded by the majority or other minority groups. That because their artefacts and memory are not being collected by society at large there is a danger that these would eventually disappear. Certainly, such ethnic museums address the concern and the need of the particular communities. The important question is whether such museums are of value to the larger society and in a long run to the particular community. This paper has several parts. The first sections deals with the background including reasons and the objectives of those who planned and set up the Hakka Museum. The second covers the challenges and criticisms the planners faced. The third examines the galleries and the artefacts of the museum and to discuss how effective these are in achieving the objectives set out by the people behind the museum. How is their narrative constructed through these artefacts? Finally, does having an ethnic-based museum help promote an awareness of diversity within the nation or does it in fact further reinforce cultural and ethnic boundaries.

Nurni W. Wuryandari, Ph.D. (Chinese Studies Program, Department of Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia)

JAVA REPRESENTATION IN THE 13TH CENTURY IN MING DYNASTY MANUSCRIPTS

Nurni Wahyu Wuryandari, Ph.D Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

The relationship between Java and China in the 13th century and how life was in Java in that period of time are always interesting to be studied. Information

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on both of them can be considered scarcely found in historical records made by Indonesian local historians. This paper attempts to analyze the Java position in its relationship with China and the life of the Javanese from the point of view of the persons who recorded the history or the historians of China when the Ming Dynasty was ruling the country (1368-1644). To obtain Java representation, which at that time was under the Majapahit kingdom reign, several manuscripts with Chinese language will be used, such as Ming Shi 明 史 (Ming Dynasty History), Yingya Shenglan瀛涯勝覽 (The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores) written by Ma Huan, and several other supporting manuscripts. The study on the manuscripts was conducted with a philological approach, namely by quoting, translating, and exploring the meaning contained in the manuscripts. With those ways, it is expected that the representation on Java as described by the Chinese historians can be obtained. Keywords: Java Representation, original manuscripts, philological approach

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Abstracts: Parallel Session Speakers

CHINESE COMMUNITY IN THE NETHERLANDS-INDIES IN THE VIEW OF FOREIGN WOMEN TRAVELOGUE WRITERS OF THE 19TH- 20TH CENTURY

Achmad Sunjayadi Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia [email protected] / [email protected]

This article discusses the impression of foreign women travelogue writers who visited the Netherlands-Indies in 1850-1938 on the Chinese community in the Netherlands-Indies. They are Ida Pfeiffer, Augusta de Wit, Eliza Scidmore, Alleta Jacobs, and Mary Pos. In addition to their travelogue, travelogues from male authors, newspapers, tourist guide book from the same periods used as comparison sources. Using the historical method and the concept of orientalism and exoticism from Edward Said (1978) disclosed how the women travelogue writers in their works depict Chinese community in the Indies and what aspects they describe. From their travelogue found various object related to the Chinese community as useful information. Information about the Chinese community in the Netherlands-Indies was important and later some of the objects became tourism object in the Netherlands-Indies included in the tourist guide book. Keywords: Chinese community, European women travelogue writers, Netherlands-Indies, tourism

“COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN KHOUW OEN GIOK’S MAUSOLEUM: FORGETTING THE CHINESE IDENTITY AND REMEMBERING THE DUTCH IDENTITY”

Afifa Tajriatul Muawanah Universitas Indonesia [email protected] Irmawati Marwoto Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

Collective memory can be used for identifying aspects that form part of social structure, such as gender, sexuality, inter-familial roles, politics, religion, and social system. While these concepts provide powerful frameworks for thinking

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about group remembrance, they describe exclusively institutional manifestations of collective memory. This paper analyzes the identity of Khouw Oen Giok by examining his mausoleum which was built in Batavia in early 20th century. Our research results demonstrate that the mausoleum can be interpreted as a systematic attempt to “forget” the dead person’s original Chinese identity and to “remember” a new Dutch identity because the inscription on the gravestone, the statue, and the buildings show distinctive features of Dutch culture. Keywords: collective memory, memory, Chinese identity, mausoleum of Khouw Oen Giok

CHINESE IN BANGKA: THE PAST AND PRESENT

Afriadi Korean Language and Culture Studies Program, FIB, Universitas Indonesia

Bangka is a strategic island located near . In the past, Bangka Strait was one of the most widely crossed passages by ships sailing from South Sumatra to Java, Europe, China and Japan. The island was a witness of the greatness that is The Sriwijaya Kingdom era. Bangka’s tin and pepper have been popular since a long time ago. Fame of these two commodities have resonated long before this country stands. However, Bangka also has remarkable cultural assets. Chinese diaspora became the second largest population after Malay. The meeting of two cultures did not necessary create a new identity. Both go together and affect each other. Among their Chinese they appear as a new identity "Chinese Bangka (Tionghoa Bangka)". The study itself is to explore the process of arrival of the Chinese people to Bangka until the meeting of two cultures that dissolves in traces in modern times. Keywords: Chinese in Bangka, Chinese Diaspora

Animal Ornaments on The 18th-19th Century Chinese Temple in Semarang Chinatown, Central Java *

Amalina Hasyyati ([email protected]) Wanny Rahardjo ([email protected])

Abstract not available

SINICISATION OF LOCAL SACRED FIGURES: A STUDY OF CHINESE DIASPORA WORSHIP PRACTICE AT HOK TEK BIO TEMPLE IN BOGOR INDONESIA

Andre Pratama Ginting Faculty of Humanity, Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

46 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

Hok Tek Bio is a Chinese temple, located in the city of Bogor, Indonesia. Although this temple is called a Buddhist temple, it is actually used for worshipping several deities from Chinese folk religion. According to Elliot(1979), Chinese folk religion itself is considered Shenism, which literally means a belief in Shens (Chinese: spirits). Shenism is the oldest belief system in China, and developed long before Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism spread across China. Observation reveals unique occurrences at this temple, in which local sacred figures are enshrined by Shenism worshippers, namely: Eyang Raden Surya Kencana and Mbah Bogor. They were solemnly venerated as deities. This religious practice is regarded as “Sinicisation”, which literally means to “make it closer” to the Chinese ideal. This study aims to analyze the motivations of Chinese diaspora worshippers behind “sinicising” local figures. Bogor’s Chinese diaspora accepted the features of different civilizations by inserting local sacred figures and harmonising them with their own belief system. Adapting indigenous figures into gods within an existing belief system is known as cultural amalgamation. This practice is related to the concept of efficacy and pragmatism belonging to Chinese folk religion. However, this amalgamation is conditional, in which must be sinicised to adjust to the Chinese ideal. Keywords: Chinese diaspora, Sacred Local Figures, Shenism

AN OVERVIEW ON BILATERAL NORMALIZATION OF INDONESIA – CHINA 1974-1990

Atika Kurnia Putri

The relationship between Indonesia-China was formally established in 1950. Indonesia’s former president, Soekarno, started the bond due to his personal attachment to China. The attachment was founded based on the reason that Soekarno recognized China as a country against imperialism and colonialism. The relationship was marked by Soekarno’s visit to China to observe China under Mao Zedong. This well established relationship must collapse with the fall of the Old Order in 1967. The Thirtieth of September Movement has been believed as the trigger for the suspension of the relations between the two countries. Both Indonesia and China withdrew their respective ambassadors in Jakarta and Beijing. For 23 years, both countries had agreed to suspend the relationship in every sector. The suspended relationship was also influenced by the political situation in each country. The signal for rekindling the bilateral relation was observed when Indonesian Chamber of Commerce agreed to participate in trade fairs in Canton. This process continued until the signing of the agreement between Indonesia and China in 1990. Key words: Normalization, China, New Order

47 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

Identity Transformation among Indonesian-Americans of Chinese Descent1

Anita Lie, Juliana Wijaya, Esther Kuntjara

This paper examines the identity transformation among Chinese-Indonesian immigrants in California and focuses on their cultural identity as Indonesian- Americans of Chinese descent. This study investigated to what extent home and community factors affect their cultural identity transformation during their second migration. Participants in this study were sixteen pairs of parent-and- child. The parents migrated to the U.S. for various reasons. The children grew up in the U.S. and adopted the American culture. Data were drawn from self- assessed Indonesian Proficiency Questionnaire and in-depth interviews with the parents and their children (aged fifteen to early twenties). Results indicate that in their search for a new identity, the second generation Chinese Indonesian Americans show their strong attachment toward Indonesian language and its culture but they experience gradual loss of their Chinese identity. Keywords: second migration, Chinese-Indonesian-American, cultural identity transformation

CHINESE IDIOM: SYNTACTIC FORM AND CULTURAL VALUE

Ayesa Universitas Indonesia [email protected] Hermina Sutami Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

Chinese idiom possesses Chinese cultural values. This study aims to find out the cultural reflection of Chinese idiom by analysing its syntactic form. Different from the Indonesian language, most of Chinese idioms (成语 chéngyŭ) consist of four characters. In general, idioms have various forms, such as compounds, phrases, and clauses. These forms can also be found in the Chinese idioms. However, there are several idioms that are difficult to determine its syntactic form or, in other word, a syntactically opaque. In addition, we will also examine idioms that are syntactically transparent along with the degree of compositionality of their meaning. Thus, there are two kinds of idiom: syntactically transparent and syntactically opaque. Moreover, idiom is also related to its metaphorical sense. Metaphorical idiom shows the language user's realm in expressing a situation, an action, or an event which is referred to. In order to find out the existence of metaphor in an idiom is by examining the contribution of the constituent meaning to its whole meaning. The idioms used in this research are a four-character idiom, which are taken from the 'Chinese Internet Corpus' online corpus with the highest frequency of

48 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE” appearrance. The selected idiom from online corpus will be verified with the 'Xinhua Idiom Dictionary'. Keywords: Chinese idiom, compositionality, syntactic opacity, metaphor

REPRESENTATION OF CONTEMPORARY CHEONGSAM BY INDONESIAN CHINESE DESIGNERS

Berti Alia Bahaduri

Cheongsam or Qipao is one of style in Chinese dress for women. Cheongsam has been evolving since the peak of its popularity during 1930’s and still widely known as The Traditional Chinese Dress. In Indonesia, Cheongsam is also called Shanghai Dress/ Baju Shanghai, because the most commonly used were Cheongsam in Shanghai style. After the late President Abdurrahman Wahid (1940- 2009) made Lunar New Year as official national holiday, the popularity of cheongsam has been rising within Indonesian Chinese community. The cheongsam is gaining popularity as the chosen style for Indonesian Chinese women during Lunar New Year Festival. This study will look at contemporary interpretation of cheongsam by Indonesian local brand, especially the brands which intend to specialised in designing and producing cheongsam. This study will emphasise Sissae, Mandarin Peony and Heritsy websites because this medium contains the three modalities: technological, compositional and social. Another reason was the growing e-commerce culture in Indonesia, online apparel retail is in trend and still growing. Thus the visual in each brand’s website is crucial as representation of their design. This study inspect the modalities in visual methodology to dissect the modern interpretation of cheongsam by Indonesian Chinese designers. The first phase of analysis was analysing websites from Sissae, Mandarin Peony and Heritsy using social modality in visual methodology. Afterwards, this study conducted a corresponding online survey with 77 respondents to find out each brand’s attractiveness. The respondents were Indonesian Chinese women age 17 to 40 years old who live in Bandung and Jakarta. Keywords : cheongsam, identity, modality, fashion

Research on the Relevance of the Culture of Town-god Worship and the Transnational Chinese Community

Chen Tong （Fujian Academy of Social Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025）

【Abstract】The dispersed Chinese community could be the beneficiary as well as the facilitator under the mutually benefit pattern between China and the rest of the world. The rapid development of internet quickly adapts to the characteristics of discretization of the dispersed Chinese community, which complements each other simultaneously. The structure of location and organization of Chinese community has been more discrete, and the development of community is no longer limited by time and space. The

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existence of the cultural circle of Town-god worship in Southeast Asia itself shows a trend of development of discretization and connection of the dispersed Chinese community. Therefore, the discussion about worship culture system and its organizational development has typical significance to the dispersed Chinese community. In mainland China, both Chinese who work and exchange cultures all around the world and Chinese communities are usually called the Transnational Chinese Community. Therefore, the Transnational Chinese Community is used to refer to the dispersed Chinese community in this paper. 【Key Words】 Southeast Asia; Town-god Worship; the culture of worship; the transnational Chinese; Chinese community; connection.

Dutch East Indies/Indonesia-Netherlands-China: Articulation of the identity of Chinese Indonesians in Netherlands

Christina Suprihatin Dutch Studies Program Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

The finding of Het Social en Cultureel Planbureau (SCP) research in 2011 show that Chinese migrants were the best group of immigrants in the Netherlands. Chinese migrants are hardworking, have a good work ethic, but are not easy to integrate. There are forty-seven photos uploaded by Chinese Indonesians in the Netherlands on the Het Chinese Indonesian Heritage Center (CIHC) page will be examined in this paper. CIHC was established in 2011 and is part of the Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal, Landen en Volkenkunde (KITLV) in Leiden. The photographs and explanations are the articulations identity voiced by Chinese Indonesians in the Netherlands related to their lives in the Indies. The analysis is expected to obtain a picture of how they are positioned and positioned themselves. The analysis of the photographs and explanations was done by borrowing the thoughts of Van Ginkel (1992). Smelik, Buikema and Meijer’s thought (1999) are also used to explain the identity articulation of Chinese Indonesians in the Netherlands. With Dutch mastery, and knowledge of the Netherlands that had been in existence since the Dutch East Indies, the Chinese Indonesians in the Netherlands did not find difficulties to integrate. Keywords: identity articulation, CIHC, cultural identity, Chinese migrants, Chinese-Indonesians in the Netherlands

Chineseness in Indonesia’ advertising

Christine Claudia Lukman Faculty of Fine Art and Design, Maranatha Christian University [email protected]

In Indonesia we can find Chinese-Indonesian woman or man as advertising star to promote certain product. They are chosen based on various considerations

50 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE” to support product positioning, and in accordance with the personality of the product. They can be presented alone, or with other figure from different gender, and ethnicity in the advertising. The objective of this research is to analyse how the meaning is wrapped in the textuality of advertising, and how the signification system interpreted by target audience as a message, which has certain meaning associated with chineseness. Semiotics analysis of these advertisings could reveal the reason advertisers use Chinese-Indonesian woman/man in their advertising. Are they used because of their primordial identity or other reason? The result of analysis can be used to see the relationship between the notions of chineseness in advertising with current social situation. Keywords: chineseness, advertising, Chinese-Indonesian

PORTUGUESE HERITAGES AS MACAU’S TOURISM ASSET AND ITS PROMOTION IN INDONESIA (an Observation on the Period 2002 – 2016)

Chronika Febrianti Sihombing [email protected] R. Tuty Nur Mutia E.M. [email protected] Chinese Studies Program Faculty of Humanity – Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424, Indonesia

This paper analyzes the utilization of Portuguese colonial heritage as a tourist attraction of the Special Administrative Region of Macau. After the Portuguese colonial period in Macau ended, a number of Portuguese buildings, values, and culture that flourished in Macau since the 16th century became a valuable heritage as part of Macau's current identity. The Government of the People's Republic of China with the ideology of Communism has acted wisely enough, not only to keep the relics but even to use them to make Macau a center of world tourism and entertainment. The problem is how the utilization is done, how the results, and how Indonesia position in its market map?. The research uses a qualitative research method with a historical approach and refers to some standard concepts about tourism. The results, among others, show that Portuguese heritages play an important role in Macau's tourism development, but some innovations are needed. While Indonesia turns out to be a potential market, although the interest of tourists mostly not on Portuguese relics sites. Keywords: Portuguese Heritage, Macau Tourism, Indonesia

THE CHINESE TRADERS REACTION TOWARDS THE CHANGES OF OPIUM TRADING SYSTEM IN COLONIAL ERA

Author : Decky Rakhman

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[email protected]

Co-Author R. Tuty Nur Mutia E.Muas [email protected] Tri Wahyuning Mudaryanti [email protected] Faculty of Humanity Universitas Indonesia

The Chinese have an important role in trade sector in Nusantara (Indonesian archipelago), include in opium trade. Opium becomes one of the essentials trade commodities for the Dutch East Indies government. This paper discusses the reactions of Chinese traders in Java towards the changes of opium trading system from pacht to regie in the colonial era. The purpose of this research is to identify the cause of the changes as well as the reaction of the Chinese traders toward its impact. The research uses historical method, which are heuristics, critics, interpretation, and historiography. One of the results shows that the opium trading system changes has diminished the role of Chinese traders in opium trade. Which resulted in the growth of several illegal economic activities, such as opium smuggling and the black market. Keywords: Opium trading, Chinese traders, Changing system, Reactions.

Dancing with the Nemesis? Analyzing Chinese Shi San Wu Video

Dilah Kencono Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

This paper seeks to understand the release of a movie that advertises the Thirteenth Five Year Plan of China's Development. The movie is worth our attention not only because the conversation is conducted in English, but also because it uses quite a few of symbols that might be associated with the West. What does the publication of this movie tell us more about the change of strategy that China is adopting in communicating its ideas? It is this question that this paper wish to answer. By carefully observing the movie, and positioning it in a wider political context, this paper argues that the online screening of the movie indicates a change of strategy adopted by China in dealing with its two traditional 'nemeses'. Unlike in the past, China today is increasingly ready to embrace two entities it traditionally regarded as posing hostility against China, that is, the online world and the West. Keywords: Shi San Wu, video, Xi Jinping

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CHINESE LANDLORDS IN THE EARLY XIX CENTURY IN JAVA: THE RISE AND FALL OF THEIR ROLES

Djoko Marihandono History Department, Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia [email protected] [email protected]

This paper discusses the roles of the Chinese landlords in Java in XIX century. The Chinese, whose living was spanned from Batavia to the eastern part of the island of Java, owned vast amount of land, which was then called private lands (Particulierenlandreijen). As the proprietors of huge lands, they were required to pay several kinds of tax. Moreover, the colonial government made the Chinese as their financial resources, particularly in early XIX century, when Java was blocked by the British military naval. How the Chinese acquired and protected their lands will be discussed in this paper, including the way they managed the lands, especially when the traditional officials mortgaged their lands to them, which caused several distinctive problems in local societies. The consequences of this situation were revolts evoked by the people in some regions. This paper is written based on colonial archives and secondary resources published in colonial era. Keywords: Chinese landlords, private lands, taxes, revolts, government financial resources.

THE REPRESENTATION OF CHINESE-NESS IDENTITY IN INDONESIAN FILMS

Elizabeth Susanti Gunawan Art and Design Faculty, Maranatha Christian University, Indonesia School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, China [email protected]

Lifeng Yan School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, China [email protected]

After the downfall of Suharto in 1998, Chinese Indonesians started to have the freedom to express their Chinese-ness identity in public space. It slowly showed the revival of Chinese identity in the media including films that visually depicted from memory, what they had respectively seen and experienced about Chinese-ness identity. Some films started to bear the Chinese themes, but the Chinese-ness identity that they knew was all about their experiences that were embedded in their memories during the 32 years of discrimination in the New Order Era. This research uses The Circuit of Culture theory to analyze the production of cultural artifact. Indonesian films that represented Chinese-ness identity showed how films as the product of culture were made in different era

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with many considerations to fit with Indonesian audiences as the consumers. The content that represented the Chinese-ness as ethnic Chinese identity were influenced by the government regulations and social values in different time. The aim of this research is to trace clearly the representation of Chinese-ness identity in Indonesian films in the different era. Indonesian films that bear Chinese identity in the 1930s, in New Order Era, and Reformation Era showed a different way in representing Chinese-ness. Some films after 15 years of Reformation Era have a new perspective about Chinese-ness within the films in previous years that describe the discrimination and stereotypes about Chinese Indonesians. The development of Chinese-ness identity that is represented in these films show that Chinese Indonesians and non-Chinese Indonesians have already taken steps to further confront racial issues and will be able to face the global community in the globalization of the world. Keywords: Chinese-ness identity, discrimination, Chinese Indonesian identity, Indonesian Film, China

The Chineseness in the lives of Chinese Indonesians: A challenge for China foreign policy in Southeast Asia

Esther Harijanti Kuntjara

Chinese Indonesians who have been living in the archipelago for many centuries have undergone a lot of struggle in order to adjust themselves with the local cultures. Their experiences have resulted in the forming of their hybrid cultures and attachment to the local cultures. This paper discusses the relationships of China and Chinese Indonesians in terms of how Chinese Indonesians have undergone some gradual loss of their Chineseness and how the condition can be seen from their on-going detachment in their relation with China and the Chineseness in their daily language for communication, their practice of naming, their use of Chinese kinship terms, the Cultural celebration during Chinese holidays and the maintenance of some Chinese artefacts. Eventually, this situation may become a challenge for China foreign policy in Southeast Asia as China is embracing Chinese overseas to get involved in supporting their ‘One Belt One Road’ strategy. Chinese Indonesians need a tactful consideration to stand in their chosen position. Keywords: Chinese Indonesians; Chinese overseas, identity; Chineseness; detachment.

CHINA’S HISTORICAL CULTURAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE

Frida Rahmita Webster University Leiden [email protected]

The Chinese government often uses ‘historical and cultural grounds’ to explain what was perceived by the neighboring Southeast Asia states as China’s ‘expansive taste’ in South China Sea. If ‘historical grounds’ refers to the nation’s

54 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE” fifteenth century fishing activity called the Nine-Dashed-Lines, then ‘cultural grounds’ refers to the nation’s ancient Confucian tradition. On that account, the paper posit to look closely on how China’s ‘historical and cultural grounds’ influenced the country’s territorial claim in South China Sea. Constructivism will be used as a pathway to understand the role of identity behind China’s maritime behavior. Keywords: China, South China Sea, Confucian tradition, foreign policy, maritime dispute

Representation of Labors and Classes in Liem Khing Hoo’s Berjuang (1934)

Galuh Sakti Bandini Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

Christina T. Suprihatin Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

The Dutch East Indies underwent an economic depression in the beginning of 1930s, and this condition persisted until the end of the decade, causing significant impact on labors in urban contexts. During this period, the number of unemployment in cities increased, affecting people of European, Chinese, and Native descents. Such atmosphere is reflected in Liem Khing Hoo’s novel, Berjuang. Published in 1934, Berjuang tells the story of unemployment which happened among Peranakan Chinese. This article focuses on how labors and classes are represented within the novel. In Berjuang, it is clear that the unemployed are empowered. Furthermore, there are efforts of capital-based class system eradication in the newly opened land. Keywords: 1930s Economic Depression, Berjuang, Class, Labor, Representation

THE POSITION AND ROLE OF FEMALE SUPPORTING CHARACTER - LIÁN SHĒNG (蓮生) IN THE WARLORDS (投名 狀) Ghendis Aniesti Kayira Adi Kristina Wulandari

The Warlords (名 狀 狀 Tóu Míng Zhuàng) is a film produced in 2007 and directed by Peter Chan. The war-themed drama is based on Chinese history during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). As a male-dominated war drama film, it portrays the position of traditional Chinese women in an interesting way through Liansheng's character (蓮 生 Lián shēng). This study focuses on the analysis of characterizations and conflicts of Liansheng's character seen from her relationship with male main characters. The author uses qualitative research methods and Minderop's characterization method to analyze the data. This

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journal aims to explain the role of female supporting figure in this film, who have an important role, especially as a determinant of conflict at the end of the story. Keywords: The Warlords, characterization, conflict, women

Communicative Grammar in Chinese Language Hermina Sutami & Assa R. Kabul Chinese Studies Department Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia

Today's foreign language teaching is focused on four communication skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). The teaching of foreign languages based on this communicative approach replaces the structural approach which prioritizes the mastery of the language structure so as to produce learners with low communication skills. Grammatical elements are ignored because the emphasis is put on smooth communication. The results of teaching through a communicative approach have started to show after conducting it for more than 30 years. It turned out that the four skills were not successful in forging the language skills of the learner due to lack of grammatical competence. The purpose of communicating will not be achieved iffluency is preferred over structure. Leech and Svartvik (2002) suggest ways to improve this situation. The role of grammatical competence can not be ignored to produce a good sentence. According to them, the grammatical structure deals with meaning, usage and situations. There are four types of competence to communicate skillfully: grammar competence, sociolinguistic competence, strategic competence and discourse competence. This paper focuses on grammar competence in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Key words: language learning, communicative grammar, grammar competence

THE CONFLICT OF IDENTITY IN MENCARI SILA KELIMA

Hiqma Nur Agustina Universitas Indonesia/Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf [email protected]

This paper discusses the conflict of identity which is often become the problem for the descendent of Tionghoa or Chinese people in Indonesia. In particular, the novel entitled Mencari Sila Kelima. Sebuah Surat Cinta untuk Indonesia was written by a 16-year-old Chinese-Indonesian genius girl, Audrey Yu Jia Hui which demonstrating the conflicts of identity, voicing minorities, discrimination issues, racism and stereotypes that often struck Chinese descendant in Indonesia. The peculiarity of this novel is the identity conflict felt by the writer who feels there is no place and space either from the people around her or the environment in which she lives. Being a Chinese or Tionghoa-Indonesian descendant is not easy to pass, especially the views of “being different” are still crucial issues to discuss. To get the answer about the effort toward the conflict of identity and how she could face the prejudice, the theory of identity will be

56 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE” used as the tools to analyze the novel. The results of this study reveal that being an Indonesian-Chinese descendant which lives in Indonesia often got bad stigma, prejudices, and discriminated even the same treatment like the other Indonesian citizen. Keywords: conflict, identity, minority, prejudice, Tionghoa

Hokkian dialect influence on Tangerang local language

Irmala Sukendra

Language as an inseparable part of culture shapes culture, as well as being formed by the culture itself. Tangerang is composed by people of different cultures with the majority of natives speak Sundanese-Tangerang. Some Tangerang locals are also Chinese-born whose language is highly influenced by Hokkian (being the ancestors’ language). This essay is intended to find out how the culture (of Chinese) and the Chinese-Hokkian shaped and influenced Tangerang’s local inhabitants’ culture, specifically its language. It is concluded that many words which are originated from Hokkian are maintained in their original forms which may be due to several reasons in that those words referred to new cultural items to the locals (of Sundanese), the words are more valued in Hokkian dialect by the locals (both of Sundanese and Chinese-Indonesian in Tangerang), and there were no equivalent words in Sundanese to mean the concept. These words are mostly comprised of surrounding items, food names, business and relationship, and others. These words have not gone through any change even in their pronunciation. They are used as they are in Hokkian and bear the same meaning as they are. Keywords: language, Chinese-Hokkian, Sundanese-Tangerang.

CUIQIAO’S (翠巧) DREAM TO ESCAPE THE YELLOW EARTH (黄土地): YELLOW EARTH 黄土地ANALYSIS, A FILM BY CHEN KAIGE (陈凯歌)

Jasmine Citra Maharani Adi Kristina Wulandari

Yellow Earth (黄土地Huáng tǔdì) is a film directed by Chen Kaige, released in 1984. This film was set during the second Sino-Japanese war (1937—1945). This film tells a story about a young girl named Cuiqiao who wants to quit her monotone life in a deserted village, which is Yellow Earth. She decided to run away to Yan’an and chase her dream. This paper explains what factors that made Cuiqiao decided to get out of the Yellow Earth. This paper also describes some facts about China in 1939, which is the time setting of this film. Keywords : yellow earth, Sino-Japanese, China 1939, Chen Kaige

57 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHINESE INDONESIA STUDIES

HU 符(FÚ) IN THE TRADITION OF CHINESE DIASPORA SOCIETY IN INDONESIA

Jodi Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

Hermina Sutami Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

Hu is a culture that comes from the ancestors of China. The usage of Hu for protection and for other purposes has been around for thousands of years since the discovery of the Han characters. Han characters are believed to have the power to govern the spiritual beings, so characters that have a certain meaning that arewritten on a piece of paper are used as talisman. Hu that are used in the spiritual world of Chinese beliefs adopted the concepts and functions of hu that are used in the military world of the Han Dynasty. During the Han dynasty, hu was used as a means of military communication and as a marker that a general was mandated by the emperor in command of the army. A piece of hu can be likened to a human body, hu has components such as head, feet, and guts that each have their own functions and purposes. In addition, the form hu from time to time continue to change, initially hu are made with various strict rules and rituals. By this time the manufacture of hu has been simplified and also produced in a modern way to produce hu in large quantities to meet the demand for the hu. In Indonesia, hu can be obtained through psychic or medium, temples that provide hu and at Buddhist, Taoism and Confucianism prayer shops keyowrds : culture, Hu, Deity, Chinese, Spi

Chineseness as a Space of Contestation: Reading Two Indonesian Peranakan Museums in Tangerang

Lilawati Kurnia

The history of Indonesia, as evident in history course materials taught at Indonesian schools, does not generally mention the contributions of the Indonesian Peranakan Chinese to the development of the Republic of Indonesia. The Indonesian people in general also tend to ignore this fact in everyday life. However, a closer examination of the Chinese in Indonesia reveals that, within the period of 35 years during the New Order regime under the former President Soeharto, the Indonesian Peranakan Chinese had to undergo a “repression” in the form of various political policies and laws which limited their public roles and even attached negative stigmas on the Chinese identity. It turned out that the New Order regime was behaving like a continuation of the Dutch colonial government which had applied the politics of segregation as a manifestation of the politics of divide et impera (divide and rule). After the 1998 Reform, there have been many initiatives from both parties

58 CHINA’S IMPACT ON SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ITS DIASPORIC COMMUNITIES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE”

(the indigenous Indonesians and the Peranakan Chinese) to develop a fairer concept of nationhood. All efforts to unearth the roles of the Indonesian Chinese, both in the past and in the present, and to position them within the development of Indonesian nationhood potentially generate a space of contestation, which is further explored in this paper. The discussion focuses on two museums which deliberately adopt the concept of “Peranakan”as part of their identity, namely Museum Pustaka Peranakan Tionghoa or the Peranakan Chinese Literature Museum (2012) and Museum Heritage Benteng or the Benteng Heritage Museum (11 November 2011). Both museums are located in South Tangerang City which is only tens of kilometers from Jakarta. This area and its surroundings are traditionally referred to as the “Benteng” area and have long been populated by a significant number of the Indonesian Chinese ever since the Dutch colonial era. This paper is not intended to provide any solution to the current problem underlying the establishment of the museums, but to explain the process which takes place when the identity of an ethnic group is questioned and politicized. Keywords: Chinese diaspora, Indonesian Peranakan Chinese, space of contestation, Museum Pustaka Peranakan Tionghoa

The evolution of Economic Relation between China and Indonesia: Focusing on Trade and Investment Aspects

Lin Mei China and Indonesia are the two countries with huge population and important influence in Asia and the world. The economic relation between them experienced different stage and changes accordingly with their domestic change and regional change. With the establishment of China-ASEAN free trade area, the economic relation between two countries had been strengthening. China has been the biggest trading partner for several years and rank 3th original country of foreign direct investment in 2016. The economic relation between China and Indonesia is approaching the way of comprehensive cooperation with context of Maritime Silk Road and Global Maritime Axis.

The myth of Dewi Sri and Dewi Kwan Im, A cultural acculturation that produces harmony in social life

Nanny Sri Lestari, S.S, M.Hum.

In history, migration of Chinese to Southeast Asia has been done since antiquity. This migration begins with trade, but then develops not only in the interests of commerce but for other purposes. By making a permanent settlement it means they are settled. After settling the migrants automatically mingled with the local population. At first these southern Chinese people generally settled on the coast of the island in the archipelago. Especially for the island of Java, many people settled on the north coast Chinese people who live and settle on the north coast of Java is then merged with the local community. Like most people in other continents, in the

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archipelago the need for clothing, food and shelter is the main human need. The fertile soil can be the answer for the fulfillment of the necessities of human life. This mixing between local communities and migrants in meeting their life needs resulted in a cultural acculturation. One of the many acculturation cultures is the belief in the figure who is considered to be a helper for human life. The figure is in the local community known as Dewi Sri and the immigrant community, it’s call the goddess Kwan Im. There are similarities of belief in these two figures, so as to provide peace in society. Keywords: harmonious, myth, fertility, help, agriculture.

People Republic of China and Korean War 1950-1953 (A Perspective of Chinese Foreign Policy)

Ni'matun Nasim

This paper main purpose is to define Korean War gave some direct impacts into China’s politics and economy. China’s involvement in Korean War was triggered by several reason which is coming from either internal or external factors. In order to understand all of those reason, this paper would try to provide some China’s point of view that related with the answer. Furthermore, this paper also would give some explanations of how China deal with all the consequences of its decision in Korean War by using a different approach, such as new policy which called by five principle of peaceful coexistence. Keywords: Chinese foreign policy, Korean War, national interest

China under Xi Jinping’s ‘Pivot to ASEAN’: Challenges and Prospects

Nova Marina Sirait

As the response of Obama’s ‘Pivot to Asia’, People’s Republic of China (PRC) under Xi Jinping, showing its interests on Asia’s region as well. While in the United States was oc-curring the leadership transition from Obama to Donald Trump as the new president of US for the next 4 years, on January 2017 PRC officially released a document titled Chi-na’s Foreign Policy on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation as a new proposal to give new visions to improve the regional security in the region, and put Association Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) as the priorities of its neighbourhood diplomacy policies. Although China and ASEAN relation might heading to a bright way according to the documents, yet there are still historical obstacles and other ‘two sides sword’ issues that have to be respond pragmatically by PRC in order to realise its Chinese Dream in the region.

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“MARKET TEMPLES IN JAKARTA: A REPRESENTATION OF FENG SHUI IDEOLOGY”

Novianti Halim Universitas Indonesia [email protected] Irmawati Marwoto Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

A Chinese temple is a building used to worship Gods by the Tridharma people (Taoism, Confucius, and Buddhism). The construction of a Chinese-temple building is based on feng shui. Feng shui is ancient Chinese knowledge in building constructions with the purpose of gaining good fortune. Feng shui of a Chinese temple focuses on its main deities, the position of the building, colors, altar of prayer, and parts of the building (roofs, windows, and doors). The aim of this paper is to interpret how the ideology of feng shui, especially on the main deities, is implemented at Hok Tek Tjeng Sin Temple and Hian Thian Shiang Tee Temple in Jakarta. This paper uses the method of a comparison analysis. After comparing the two temples, this research shows the indication that the differences in the main deities determine the feng shui elements.

Keywords: feng shui, Chinese temple, main deities.

THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONAL TO MARRIAGE: IN THE SHORT STORY ENTITLED YINYUAN (MARRIAGE)

Nurshita Oktifiany Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

Nurni Wahyu Wuryandari, Ph.D Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

The short story entitled Yinyuan姻缘 (marriage) is a story by Kong Jiesheng published in China in 1978, and in the same year it achieved the Best National Short Story. This short story tells about the marriage between Liang Xiaozhen and Wu Guoliang after the Cultural Revolution era was ended in 1976 in China. The couple’s love story until their marriage was not an easy journey due to Guoliang’s status as the guiqiao 归侨 or the overseas Chinese who returned to China. The acceptance of the party’s member to Guoliang’s existence and the difference understanding about the party’s policy triggered

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the totally different insight about the relationship between the couple. The marriage was eventually held after the Cultural Revolution ended. This paper discusses some factors which cause the discrimination to Guoliang after his return to China as well as the social and political condition during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) reflected in the story. These two factors affect the love journey of the couple. The analysis of the work highlights the intrinsic analysis about the work, but other resources outside the literature work will also be used as the supporting reference of the analysis. Keywords: the short story of “Marriage”, guiqiao, the Cultural Revolution era condition.

The Early Indonesian Translation of the Tao Te Ching by Tan Soe Djwan (1937) Pauw Budianto

Yohan Yusuf Arifin

Tao Te Ching is the most translated Chinese classic, that has been translated into many languages in the world includes Indonesian. This paper is trying to analyze the earliest translation text by Tan Soe Djwan (1937), focusing on translator’s understanding on Tao Te Ching the most important philosophical term--Tao(道), and some translation phenomena exists in the translation text. This paper will limit its scope to Tao Ching (chapter 1-37). This is a qualitative descriptive research, that data collection is collected from many literature resources related to Tao The Ching study either in Indonesian or Chinese, to support researcher understanding to resource text. Results of the research shows that translator understood Tao as the law/the rule of (God and nature). This translation text was the only Indonesian translation text that work in detail in word level translation. Although occur some problems in its translation (in word, phrase, sentence and grammar level), but generally this translation text has made a good contribution to decipher Tao philosophy in Indonesia. Keywords: Tao Te Ching, Early Indonesian translation , Tan Soe Djwan

Business Demography of Overseas Chinese Firms in Indonesia, 1890-1940

Pierre van der Eng Center for Chinese Entrepreneur Studies Tsinghua University Beijing, China and Research School of Management ANU College of Business and Economics Australian National University Canberra, Australia Email: [email protected]

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This paper analyses quantitative data on the population of registered firms owned or operated by ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs in colonial Indonesia. It uses data from a published annual register of firms in colonial Indonesia. The paper finds that the number of firms increased significantly during the 1890s to 1920s, before bankruptcies reduced the population of firms in the early 1930s, and made way for a new generation of firms. Most firms were privately owned; the shares of only a very few companies were listed on the Jakarta and Surabaya stock exchanges. By shareholder equity, the largest firms were those operated by well-known entrepreneurs like Oei Tjong Ham (黃仲涵) and Tjong A Fie (張耀軒), and/or their family members. By average real value of equity, most firms were small relative to Dutch-Indonesian and foreign firms in Indonesia. Most firms were active in trade and business services, but in the 1920s and 1930s entrepreneurial interests diversified and the share of firms in other economic sectors, particularly manufacturing industry increased. In the 1930s, real equity more than doubled, indicative of diversification of entrepreneurship into more capital-intensive operations. Keywords: Companies, entrepreneurship, business, Chinese, Indonesia

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF ETHNIC CHINESE IN THE DUTCH COLONIAL PERIOD: CHANGING WITH IDEOLOGY

Kevin Ezekiel , Dong-Yu Lin , Ping Lin

During the early twentieth century, massive nationalistic ideas sprung in Indonesia. Some ethnic Chinese elites, occupying business professions in the system set up by the Dutch colonial government, tended to side with the Dutch with their pro-Dutch ideology, while some Chinese related to Sin Po (新報) and Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan (THHK, 中華會館), supporting mainland China for being treated more equally overseas, developed their pro-China ideology. In the meantime, more ethnic Chinese, under the discriminatory policies enforced by the Dutch, claimed to support and cooperate with the indigenous with Partai Tionghoa Indonesia (PTI, 印尼華人黨) as their base while seeing the future of Indonesia’s Independence. Therefore, the tendency of ethnic Chinese’s political participation can generally be categorized as pro-Dutch, pro-China and pro-Indonesia. Nevertheless, not every prominent ethnic Chinese elite, participating in the political field during the Dutch colonial era, remained consistent in his political ideology. After the examination on life stories of these figures, the article shows that education, Chinese nationalism, independent movement of the indigenous, experience in Sin Po and support from the Dutch government were critical factors that could divert one’s perspective in his life. For example, while Kwee Hing Tjiat (郭恒節) had had his pro-China ideology influenced by Sin Po, he potentially accepted the pro-Dutch concept after facing with citizenship problem abroad. However, he advocated pro-Indonesia ideology after coming back to Indonesia. Moreover, Kwee Kek Beng (郭克明) posed the pro-China perspective during his stay in Sin Po before developing his pro-Indonesia view

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with foreseeing the liberty attained by the indigenous. However, he was afterwards evolved in the formation Pao An Tui (保安隊), which was claimed to be a pro-Dutch organization. Hence, the article argues that as there were three main ideologies among the ethnic Chinese’s political participation during the Dutch colonial era, an ethnic Chinese elite might change his political ideology, according to which life experience posing more decisive effect on him in a specific life period. Key words: political participation, Dutch colonial period, ethnic Chinese in Indonesia

Taiwan in CRI-Indonesia Broadcast: Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy

Rahadjeng PulungSari

In this era of globalization, China's role in the world is increasingly visible through its economic and cultural steps. China undertook some cooperation with other countries, including in the field of radio media as part of soft-power (ruan shili). China Radio International (CRI) as the official radio of PRC government has also been working with radio in Indonesia since 2010. In one of its broadcasts, CRI raised the topic of Taiwan. As is known internationally, China's relationship with Taiwan is still politically constrained, as Taiwan is known as a self-contained Republic of China (ROC), independent of the People's Republic of China (PRC). However, in the "Taiwan" topic broadcast by CRI on October 25, 2012 there is no mention of the political issue. The broadcast shows Taiwan as part of the PRC region which has a number of tourist assets to visit and other interesting explanations. Related to the exposure, this study aims to reveal the meaning of the topic "Taiwan" in CRI broadcasts in the context of political conflict, Chinese soft-power and cultural diplomacy strategy of China to the Indonesian audience. Keywords: Globalization, China, China Radio International Indonesia, Taiwan, soft-power, broadcast, meaning, strategy, cultural diplomacy.

WE ARE NO LONGER SI GOMBAK: THE EFFORT AND CHALLENGES WHILE RECONSTRUCTING THE STIGMA OF CHINESE ETHNIC GROUP IN SURABAYA DURING REFORMATION ERA

Reynaldo de Archellie, M.Si. Department of Area Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] Dr. Zeffry Alkatiri, M.Si Department of History, the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] Dr. Tuty Nur Mutia, M.Hum. Department of History, the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]

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During social interaction, Chinese ethnic group in Indonesia, especially in Surabaya, have been long and often labelled by other community groups with negative stigma. This negative stigma has been present for decades in the context of inter-community interaction in Surabaya. The decade-long interaction process gave birth to efforts by the Chinese ethnic group to change their negative stigma. The purpose of this article is to examine the efforts and obstacles of Chinese ethnic group in an effort to reconstruct the negative stigma attached to them during the Reformation era. This research-based article uses data from field observation and uses library reference data. Using a qualitative approach, this research considers various actions in the intercultural social interactions between the Chinese and the local communities in the city of Surabaya through the concept of stigma. Keywords: reconstruction, stigma, ethnic Chinese, Surabaya, Reformation

Identifying the Three Kingdoms Bas-relief in Benteng Heritage Museum - Tangerang

Saiful Bakhri Postgraduate Student at the University of Melbourne ([email protected]) Saiful Bakhri got his Bachelor degree in Archaeology from Universitas Indonesia. During his final year he was amazed by the existence of Guang Yu’s figure in bas-relief form as normally the figure is depicted as an individual, so he is keen to learn more about the cultural context that happened behind such artworks. His passion in material culture does not stop as he is currently undertaking his Masters of Cultural Materials Conservation at the University of Melbourne, Australia sponsored by Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP). Dr. Ali Akbar Lecturer at the Department of Archaeology, Universitas Indonesia ([email protected]) Aside from being a lecturer in Department of Archaeology, Dr. Ali Akbar is also Manager for the Research and Community Services in the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia. He has done extensive archaeological research in several areas including prehistory, Islamic archaeology, maritime archaeology, and museology. In 2009, he was awarded ‘Best Young Researcher’ in Social and Cultural Sciences in Universitas Indonesia.

This research discusses the division of a scene, identification of the story, and values that are inherited through the Three Kingdoms bas-relief located on the four sides of the inner courtyard within the Benteng Heritage Museum. The division of scenes was done with spatial context analysis and successfully divided the scenes into 10. From those 10 scenes, only two can be identified by using the Three Kingdoms novel. Those two stories have also been successfully identified due to the presence of literacy attributes that shows the background of the event. Values that are heritable can also be obtained after identifying the story. Those values are: Loyalty, Fraternal Piety, Honesty and Openness.

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Keywords: Three kingdoms Relief, Benteng Heritage Museum, story identification, values

THE TWO CENTRAL CHARACTERS IN OEI TIONG HAM CONCERN, SEEN FROM BOURDIEU’S PERSPECTIVE

Subianto Rustandi Universitas Indonesia [email protected] Djoko Marihandono Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

In this paper, I will argue for the relevance of Pierre Bourdieu‘s notion of capital, habitus and field to an empirical research on the rise of the Oei Tiong Ham Concern (OTHC), the first modern business conglomerate in Southeast Asia. In particular, this paper will discuss my research areas on itsfounder, the mainland Chinese immigrant Oei Tjie Sien (1835–1900), and his son and business successor, Oei Tiong Ham (1866-1924). They successfully brought OTHC to become the largest business conglomerate of Southeast Asia in its era. Oei Tjie Sien arrived in Semarang, Java, as a poor man in 1858. He moved fairly quickly from rags to riches and in 1863 together with a Chinese friend he founded Kian Gwan, a company in form of a kongsi registered with the local government. He wed his Chinese peranakan wife in Semarang who later give birth to Oei Tiong Ham in 1866. In the 1880s Oei Tiong Ham started trading in sugar, which later became his major business activity. In 1890 with his success in sugar trading, he had enough money to buy opium farms in Semarang, , and Surabaya which he kept until 1904 when they were taken over by the opium regie administered by the Netherlands Indies government. Unlike his very cautious and conservative father Oei Tjie Sien, Oei Tiong Ham was much more dynamic, innovative and daring. Their habitus especially related to the Chinese culture were really different to each other. But on the business acument needed in trading, both of them had the suitable habitus.Oei Tjie Sien and Oei Tiong Ham had done many important steps in establishing and developing their business in international trading, cane sugar milling, banking, shipping and other trade related activites to become the first and the biggest conglomerate in the Southeast Asia at that time. Seen through Pierre Bourdieu‘s notion of habitus and field, we could see their innovativeness and boldness in the managing both the constraining and enabling structures and utilizing their capital effectively such that their business was able to passed through the structural constraints from the government and the competition from other domestic, regional and international trading companies successfully. Keywords: Oei Tjie Sien; Oei Tiong Ham, Pierre Bourdieu, capital, habitus, field

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TANJIDOR: A SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF BATAVIAN ART

Sunaryo Joyopuspito Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia [email protected] Co-Author: Prof. Dr. DjokoMarihandono Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

The origins of Tanjidor music are described in an unverified story about a rich man living on the edges of the Betawi community in Citrap (now Citeureup) named Groot Majoor Jaantje, a retired Dutch Military. He was in the habit of holding dinner parties for his friends and for entertainment he called on a group of slave musicians. Groot Majoor Jaantje died in 1826, and the musical group had to think of a way of how to continue as a musical group. They decided to become a group of travelling troubadors, earning their money from chance performances. Initially, they were multi-instrumental, with troupe members playing instruments including the violin, guitar, mandolin, and harp. The group was known to the Portuguese as tangedour, players of string instruments. However, because their performances were in the open air, they found that the wind interfered with the sound quality of the string instruments. So, they substituted some of these for wind instruments. However, the name tangedour continued to be used, though they no longer depended on string instruments. Tanjidor was an important part of urban folk culture in Batavia. Their repertoire included traditional tunes such as Jali-jali, Abang Jampang, and Kincir-kincir, by which they became well known. In addition to playing impromptu on the street, they also performed in folk festivals with accompanying ondel-ondel, walking manequins, and also at wedding parties and other local events. The troupe’s costume was also a distinguishing feature. They wore kopiah, a sign of being Muslim, traditional koko shirts, pantaloons of batik or other coloured cloth, and slung a sarong from their shoulders, which they could also use, folded, as a belt.

INSCRIPTION AND FIGURES OF KAPITAN CINA LIEM KHIK SING’S TOMB IN LASEM

Suwanti Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

Hermina Sutami Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

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When Nusantara was under the Dutch colonial government, Kapitan Cina was one of its administrative leader position for Chinese-Indonesian’s community. Lasem was sub-district area in Central Java. At that time, Lasem had a significant number of Chinese-Indonesian inhabitans, and became an important district for economical life. Because most of the inhabitants were Chinese, we can find many Chinese artefacts there. One of them was Kapitan Cina Liem Khik Sing’s tomb. It was located in Desa Tulis, Lasem, and the Kapitan’s tomb was inside the Liem family’s cemetery complex. This field research was about Kapitan Liem Khik Sing’s tomb inscription and figures. The aim of this research was to make an interpretation about the Han characters written in the inscription and to make an interpretation about the tomb’s figures by using Peirce’s semiotics theory. The inscription of the tomb will be syntactically analysed, the result of the research will be presented descriptive-qualitatively. It will tell us the meaning of the Han characters written in the inscription, and information about it; and also the meaning of several tomb figures on the Kapitan’s tomb. This research will be presented descriptive-qualitatively. I hope this result can give contribution to Indonesia epigraphical artefacts and culture. Keywords: tomb inscription, tomb figure, Chinese-Indonesian, Kapitan Cina, Lasem

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF CHINESE LANGUAGE VERB-OBJECT COLLOCATION

Symphony Akelba Christian Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

Hermina Sutami Universitas Indonesia [email protected]

Chinese Language Verb-Object (VO) collocation produces compound words and verbal phrases. VO collocation often becomes problem for Chinese language learner in Indonesia. This research is conducted by analyzing the Chinese writing of the third grade (intermediate level) students of Chinese Language Department of Bunda Mulia University, Indonesia. It is found that the verb 得到dédào (to get) is the most frequent erroneously collocated verb in the VO form. The research conducted on the 17.145 written words aims to identify the erroneous collocation of the verb 得到 as it is paralleled with nouns, and the factors which affect it. The analysis of the collocation errors of verb 得到 starts with the identification of the type of verb based on their semantic meaning. Next, is the identification of the noun parameter that can collocate with it and the analysis of the collocation errors of VO in student’s writing. It is found that the reasons for the collocation errors of verb is because the students can’t identify the semantic meaning differences of verb 得到 with verb “mendapat”, “mendapatkan”, “memperoleh”, which are the translation of verb 得到 in

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Indonesian, and also because these words have synonymous relations with the verb 得到. Keywords: Chinese language, collocation, verb-object, 得到dédào (to get), meaning

The Growth of Shanzhai(山寨) Industry and Its Impact to Indonesian Economy: 1992 – 2012

Tania Septia Renjani Chinese Studies Program Faculty of Humanity – Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424, Indonesia [email protected]

R. Tuty Nur Mutia E. M. Chinese Studies Program Faculty of Humanity – Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424, Indonesia [email protected]

The industry of counterfeit goods (shanzhai) in PRC has grew and flourish since the start of the gaige-kaifang era. In 2001 PRC became the member of WTO which means China have to obey the law of international trading including copyright protection. However, it did not stop the growth of the shanzhai industry. Even until now, the product that they make have become more diverse. This phenomenon brings a question on “why and how the shanzhai industry keeps growing and what is its role in the Chinese economic progress?”. These questions are the main issues that will be discussed in this paper. This research was conducted by using historical method, which includes heuristic, critic, interpretation and historiography. From the research that have been gather so far, it has been revealed that the shanzhai industry do indeed have an important role for China’s economic progress. On the other hand, the industry could continue to survive because there is a strong interconnectedness with Chinese history and culture. Its development leads strongly towards the creative industry, but due to its vigorous and massive marketing it has render a negative impact on other countries economy. Keyword : Shanzhai industry, Chinese economic progress

The Philosophical Meaning of Train and Fire in “The Fire Chariot” Short Story by Lao She

Thara Sany Adi Kristina Wulandari

Short story is a story that relatively short, the characteristic of short story is not about how long or short sentences, amount of words or page is, but the scope of the problem that author want to convey. “The Train” is one of Lao She’s

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literatures which is published on 1939 in Shanghai city. The train and fire have deep symbolic meaning. This research uses descriptive analysis method with semiotic approach. First, writer will describe the setting and fire on the train in this related short story, and then associated with extrinsic elements of the short story. The purpose of this study is to explain the philosophical meaning of train and fire. Keywords: Fire; Lao She; Sino-Japanese War Train

CHINESE INDONESIAN INTEREST AND MOTIVATION IN THE RELATIONS WITH CHINA: CASE STUDY TO CHINESE INDONESIANORGANIZATION IN SURABAYA

Tonny Dian Effendi

There are two main topics to describe Chinese Indonesians, as Indonesian and Chinese. As Indonesian, it is related with their position in Indonesian nation building, while as Chinese, usually it is related with their Chinese identity and relations with China. The rise of China and improvement in China-Indonesia relations bring opportunity for Chinese Indonesian to connect with China. However, there is question about their relations with China, particularly as the responses toward the rise of China when in another side, politically and culturally, Indonesian government officially recognized them.This article discusses the relations between Chinese Indonesians with China, particularly about interest and motivation by examining their opinion about the impact of China’s policy, Indonesia-China relations and their specific interest in the activities related with China. It is a qualitative research with case study to Chinese Indonesians organization in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The finding of this study indicates that the interest and motivation are more to access China according to their field and activity, and take a role as a bridge in Indonesia-China relations. There is no impact of China’s policy to them since they are Indonesian citizen and the improvement of Indonesia-China relations viewed positively as opportunity for them as bridge for two countries and contribute for Indonesia’s development. The interest of Chinese Indonesians should be “over-here” interest, means that they put their interest in Indonesia or in Indonesia side. Although it seems that they still maintain Chinese diasporic element as Chinese descent, but it grows in the context as Indonesian. Chinese Indonesians have opportunity to take more roles in Indonesia-China relations as Indonesian and government should responses it positively. Keywords: Chinese Indonesians, diaspora, China, interest, relations.

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Written Criticizing Strategy among Chinese Indonesian Speaking Mandarin: A Case Study of Harian Indonesia Newspaper Reader Letters

Uti Aryanti Program Studi Cina FIB UI [email protected] Dindadari Arum Jati Program Pascasarjana Departemen Linguistik FIB UI [email protected]

The speech act of criticizing is considered as a face threatening act (FTA). Different people use different strategies to save the face of those who are criticized. The strategies used are influenced by various factors; one of them is the relationship between the one who criticizes and the one who is criticized. This study deals with strategies of criticizing used by Chinese Indonesian speaking Mandarin in written communication. This study has three objectives: (1) to identify criticizing strategies used by the Indonesian Chinese speaking Mandarin in written communication, (2) to examine the influence of power and solidarity on the choice of those strategies, and (3) to see whether there are differences between criticizing strategies used by the Indonesian Chinese and those used by native speakers of Mandarin Chinese. The data for this study come from 47 letters sent to a Chinese newspaper published in Jakarta, Yindunixiya Ribao (Harian Indonesia), from the years 2001¬2003. This study employs a sociopragmatic approach, applying Brown and Levinson’s theory on politeness strategies (1987). Of four politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson, the bald on-record strategy is found to be the dominant strategy for criticizing used by the Chinese Indonesian. This study reveals that power and solidarity do not play an important role in the choice of criticizing strategies by the Indonesian Chinese. This study also shows that criticizing strategies used by the Indonesian Chinese are different from those used by native speakers of Mandarin Chinese. Keywords: speech act, criticizing strategies, Mandarin Chinese

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