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Bio 308-Course Guide
COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit. -
El Género Muhlenbergia
www.unal.edu.co/icn/publicaciones/caldasia.htm CaldasiaGiraldo-Cañas 31(2):269-302. & Peterson 2009 EL GÉNERO MUHLENBERGIA (POACEAE: CHLORIDOIDEAE: CYNODONTEAE: MUHLENBERGIINAE) EN COLOMBIA1 The genus Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) in Colombia DIEGO GIRALDO-CAÑAS Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. [email protected] PAUL M. PETERSON Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. [email protected] RESUMEN Se presenta un estudio taxonómico de las especies colombianas del género Muhlenbergia. Se analizan diversos aspectos relativos a la clasificación, la nomenclatura y la variación morfológica de los caracteres. El género Muhlenbergia está representado en Colombia por 14 especies. Las especies Aegopogon bryophilus Döll, Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Lycurus phalaroides Kunth y Pereilema crinitum J. Presl se transfi eren al género Muhlenbergia. El binomio Muhlenbergia cleefi i Lægaard se reduce a la sinonimia de Muhlenbergia fastigiata (J. Presl) Henrard. Las especies Muhlenbergia beyrichiana Kunth, Muhlenbergia ciliata (Kunth) Trin. y Muhlenbergia nigra Hitchc. se excluyen de la fl ora de Colombia. Se presentan las claves para reconocer las especies presentes en Colombia, así como también las descripciones de éstas, sus sinónimos, la distribución geográfi ca, se comentan algunas observaciones morfológicas y ecológicas, los usos y los números cromosómicos. Del tratamiento taxonómico se excluyen las especies Muhlenbergia erectifolia SwallenSwallen [[== Ortachne erectifolia (Swallen)(Swallen) CClayton]layton] y Muhlenbergia wallisii Mez [= Agrostopoa wallisii (Mez) P. M. Peterson, Soreng & Davidse]. Palabras clave. Aegopogon, Lycurus, Muhlenbergia, Pereilema, Chloridoideae, Poaceae, Gramíneas neotropicales, Flora de Colombia. -
Poaceae: Pooideae) Based on Plastid and Nuclear DNA Sequences
d i v e r s i t y , p h y l o g e n y , a n d e v o l u t i o n i n t h e monocotyledons e d i t e d b y s e b e r g , p e t e r s e n , b a r f o d & d a v i s a a r h u s u n i v e r s i t y p r e s s , d e n m a r k , 2 0 1 0 Phylogenetics of Stipeae (Poaceae: Pooideae) Based on Plastid and Nuclear DNA Sequences Konstantin Romaschenko,1 Paul M. Peterson,2 Robert J. Soreng,2 Núria Garcia-Jacas,3 and Alfonso Susanna3 1M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Tereshchenkovska 2, 01601 Kiev, Ukraine 2Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, District of Columbia 20013-7012 USA. 3Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Botanic Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., E08038 Barcelona, Spain Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Abstract—The Stipeae tribe is a group of 400−600 grass species of worldwide distribution that are currently placed in 21 genera. The ‘needlegrasses’ are char- acterized by having single-flowered spikelets and stout, terminally-awned lem- mas. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of the Stipeae (including all genera except Anemanthele) using a total of 94 species (nine species were used as outgroups) based on five plastid DNA regions (trnK-5’matK, matK, trnHGUG-psbA, trnL5’-trnF, and ndhF) and a single nuclear DNA region (ITS). -
92860487002.Pdf
Revista Ambiente & Água ISSN: 1980-993X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas Chanamé-Zapata, Fernán Cosme; Custodio-Villanueva, María; Yaranga-Cano, Raúl Marino; Pantoja-Esquivel, Rafael Antonio Diversity of the riparian vegetation of high Andean wetlands of the Junín region, Peru Revista Ambiente & Água, vol. 14, no. 3, 2019 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas DOI: 10.4136/ambi-agua.2271 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=92860487002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Ambiente & Água - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ISSN 1980-993X – doi:10.4136/1980-993X www.ambi-agua.net E-mail: [email protected] Diversity of the riparian vegetation of high Andean wetlands of the Junín region, Peru ARTICLES doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.2271 Received: 21 Apr. 2018; Accepted: 19 Feb. 2019 Fernán Cosme Chanamé-Zapata* ; María Custodio-Villanueva ; Raúl Marino Yaranga-Cano ; Rafael Antonio Pantoja-Esquivel Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (UNCP), Huancayo, Junín, Peru Facultad de Zootecnia. Instituto de Investigación en Alta Montaña (IIAM). E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The diversity of the riparian vegetation of five high Andean lagoons of the Junin region was evaluated between March and December of 2017. The sampling of the riparian vegetation was carried out by means of the transect method. -
Diversidad De Plantas Y Vegetación Del Páramo Andino
Plant diversity and vegetation of the Andean Páramo Diversidad de plantas y vegetación del Páramo Andino By Gwendolyn Peyre A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor from the University of Barcelona and Aarhus University University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, PhD Program Biodiversity Aarhus University, Institute of Bioscience, PhD Program Bioscience Supervisors: Dr. Xavier Font, Dr. Henrik Balslev Tutor: Dr. Xavier Font March, 2015 Aux peuples andins Summary The páramo is a high mountain ecosystem that includes all natural habitats located between the montane treeline and the permanent snowline in the humid northern Andes. Given its recent origin and continental insularity among tropical lowlands, the páramo evolved as a biodiversity hotspot, with a vascular flora of more than 3400 species and high endemism. Moreover, the páramo provides many ecosystem services for human populations, essentially water supply and carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities, mostly agriculture and burning- grazing practices, as well as climate change are major threats for the páramo’s integrity. Consequently, further scientific research and conservation strategies must be oriented towards this unique region. Botanical and ecological knowledge on the páramo is extensive but geographically heterogeneous. Moreover, most research studies and management strategies are carried out at local to national scale and given the vast extension of the páramo, regional studies are also needed. The principal limitation for regional páramo studies is the lack of a substantial source of good quality botanical data covering the entire region and freely accessible. To meet the needs for a regional data source, we created VegPáramo, a floristic and vegetation database containing 3000 vegetation plots sampled with the phytosociological method throughout the páramo region and proceeding from the existing literature and our fieldwork (Chapter 1). -
(Poaceae, Pooideae) with Descriptions and Taxonomic Names
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeysA key 126: to 89–125 the North (2019) American genera of Stipeae with descriptions and taxonomic names... 89 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.126.34096 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A key to the North American genera of Stipeae (Poaceae, Pooideae) with descriptions and taxonomic names for species of Eriocoma, Neotrinia, Oloptum, and five new genera: Barkworthia, ×Eriosella, Pseudoeriocoma, Ptilagrostiella, and Thorneochloa Paul M. Peterson1, Konstantin Romaschenko1, Robert J. Soreng1, Jesus Valdés Reyna2 1 Department of Botany MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washing- ton, DC 20013-7012, USA 2 Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, C.P. 25315, México Corresponding author: Paul M. Peterson ([email protected]) Academic editor: Maria Vorontsova | Received 25 February 2019 | Accepted 24 May 2019 | Published 16 July 2019 Citation: Peterson PM, Romaschenko K, Soreng RJ, Reyna JV (2019) A key to the North American genera of Stipeae (Poaceae, Pooideae) with descriptions and taxonomic names for species of Eriocoma, Neotrinia, Oloptum, and five new genera: Barkworthia, ×Eriosella, Pseudoeriocoma, Ptilagrostiella, and Thorneochloa. PhytoKeys 126: 89–125. https://doi. org/10.3897/phytokeys.126.34096 Abstract Based on earlier molecular DNA studies we recognize 14 native Stipeae genera and one intergeneric hybrid in North America. We provide descriptions, new combinations, and 10 illustrations for species of Barkworthia gen. nov., Eriocoma, Neotrinia, Oloptum, Pseudoeriocoma gen. nov., Ptilagrostiella gen. nov., Thorneochloa gen. nov., and ×Eriosella nothogen. nov. The following 40 new combinations are made: Barkworthia stillmanii, Eriocoma alta, E. arida, E. -
Molecular Phylogenetics and Micromorphology of Australasian
Edinburgh Research Explorer Molecular phylogenetics and micromorphology of Australasian stipeae (poaceae, subfamily pooideae), and the interrelation of whole-genome duplication and evolutionary radiations in this grass tribe Citation for published version: Tkach, N, Nobis, M, Schneider, J, Becher, H, Winterfeld, G, Jacobs, SWL & Röser, M 2021, 'Molecular phylogenetics and micromorphology of Australasian stipeae (poaceae, subfamily pooideae), and the interrelation of whole-genome duplication and evolutionary radiations in this grass tribe', Frontiers in plant science, vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.630788 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3389/fpls.2020.630788 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Frontiers in plant science General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 fpls-11-630788 -
Plant Geography of Chile PLANT and VEGETATION
Plant Geography of Chile PLANT AND VEGETATION Volume 5 Series Editor: M.J.A. Werger For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7549 Plant Geography of Chile by Andrés Moreira-Muñoz Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 123 Dr. Andrés Moreira-Muñoz Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Instituto de Geografia Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago Chile [email protected] ISSN 1875-1318 e-ISSN 1875-1326 ISBN 978-90-481-8747-8 e-ISBN 978-90-481-8748-5 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8748-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. ◦ ◦ Cover illustration: High-Andean vegetation at Laguna Miscanti (23 43 S, 67 47 W, 4350 m asl) Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Carlos Reiche (1860–1929) In Memoriam Foreword It is not just the brilliant and dramatic scenery that makes Chile such an attractive part of the world. No, that country has so very much more! And certainly it has a rich and beautiful flora. Chile’s plant world is strongly diversified and shows inter- esting geographical and evolutionary patterns. This is due to several factors: The geographical position of the country on the edge of a continental plate and stretch- ing along an extremely long latitudinal gradient from the tropics to the cold, barren rocks of Cape Horn, opposite Antarctica; the strong differences in altitude from sea level to the icy peaks of the Andes; the inclusion of distant islands in the country’s territory; the long geological and evolutionary history of the biota; and the mixture of tropical and temperate floras. -
Redalyc.Phytogeography of the Vascular Páramo Flora of Ramal De
Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España Cuello, Nidia L.; Cleef, Antoine M.; Aymard, Gerardo Phytogeography of the vascular páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal (Andes, Venezuela) and its ties to other páramo floras Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 67, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2010, pp. 177-193 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55617069009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 67(2): 177-193 julio-diciembre 2010 ISSN: 0211-1322 doi: 10.3989/ajbm.2253 Phytogeography of the vascular páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal (Andes, Venezuela) and its ties to other páramo floras by Nidia L. Cuello 1, Antoine M. Cleef 2 & Gerardo Aymard3 1, 3 Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Ezequiel Zamora (UNELLEZ-Guanare), Programa de Ciencias del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa 3323, Venezuela. [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 HX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected]. Abstract Resumen Cuello, N.L., Cleef, A.M. & Aymard, G. 2010. Phytogeography Cuello, N.L., Cleef, A.M. & Aymard, G. 2010. Fitogeografía de la of the vascular páramo flora of Ramal de Guaramacal (Andes, flora vascular del páramo de Ramal de Guaramacal (Andes, Ve- Venezuela) and its ties to other páramo floras. -
Parque Nacional Tierra Del Fuego Flora
Parque Nacional Tierra del Fuego Flora • Common English Name (Nombre Español o Local)Order Family Genus species) Monocotyledons (Monocotyledones) • Arrowgrass, Marsh (??) (Najadales Juncaginaceae Triglochin palustris) • Arrowgrass, Seaside (??) (Najadales Juncaginaceae Triglochin maritima) • Bentgrass, Common (Pasto Quila) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Agrostis capillaris) • Bentgrass, Upland (??) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Agrostis perennans) • Bluegrass (??) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Poa alopecurus) • Bluegrass (??) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Poa breviculmis) • Bluegrass (??) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Poa rigidifolia) • Bluegrass (??) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Poa scaberula) • Bluegrass (Möra-Shúka) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Poa yaganica) • Bluegrass, Annual (Pastito de Invierno) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Poa annua) • Bluegrass, Canada (??) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Poa compressa) • Bluegrass, Kentucky (Pasto de Mallin) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Poa pratensis) • Bluegrass, Northern (??) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Poa stenantha) • Bulrush, California (Junco) (Cyperales Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus californicus) • Bulrush, Nevada (Scirpus) (Cyperales Cyperaceae Amphiscirpus nevadensis) • Foxtail, Meadow (Alopecuro de los Prados-cola de Zorro) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Alopecurus pratensis) • Grass, Black (??) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Alopecurus magellanicus) • Grass, Fiber Optic (??) (Cyperales Cyperaceae Isolepis cernua) • Grass, Small Tussock (??) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae Festuca magellanica) • Grass, Sweet Holy (Ratonera) (Poales Gramineae/Poaceae -
CHAPTER 1 an Introduction to C3, C4 and CAM
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A geochemical study of lacustrine sediments: towards palaeo-climatic reconstructions of high Andean biomes in Colombia Boom, A. Publication date 2004 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Boom, A. (2004). A geochemical study of lacustrine sediments: towards palaeo-climatic reconstructions of high Andean biomes in Colombia. Universiteit van Amsterdam-IBED. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:10 Oct 2021 CHAPTER 1 An introduction to C3, C4 and CAM plants, with relevance to palaeo-ecology; a case study for the northern Andes. This is an introduction to the plant photosynthetic pathways and the relevance of distinguishing these different classes of plants in the context of plant ecology is discussed. -
American Grasses
Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. BULLETIN NO. 4. • U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF AGROSTOLOGY. and Forage Plant Investigations.] STUDIES ON AMERICAN GRASSES, I. THE GENUS IXOPHORUS. By E. LAMgON-SCRIBNEE. II. A LIST OF THE GRASSES COLLECTED BY DR. E. PALMER IN THE VICINITY OF ACAPULCO, MEXICO, 1894-95. By F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER. III. SOME MEXICAN GRASSES COLLECTED BY E. W. NELSON IN MEXICO, 1894-95. By F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER and JARED G. SMITH. IV. SOME AMERICAN PANICUMS IN THE HERBARIUM BEROLI- NENSE AND IN THE HERBARIUM OF WILLDENOW. By THEO. HOLM. V. NATIVE AND INTRODUCED SPECIES OF THE GENERA HOR- DEUM AND AGROPYRON. By F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER and JARED G. SMITH. VI. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. FEBRUARY 6, WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1897. BULLETIN NO. 4. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF AGROSTOLOGY. [Graw and Forage Plant Investigations.] STUDIES ON AMERICAN GRASSES, I. THE GENUS IXOPHORUS. By F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER. II. A LIST OF THE GRASSES COLLECTED BY DR. E. PALMER IN THE VICINITY OF ACAPULCO, MEXICO, 1894-95. By F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER. III. SOME MEXICAN GRASSES COLLECTED BY E. W. NELSON IN MEXICO, 1894-95. By F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER and JARED G. SMITH. IY. SOME AMERICAN PANICUMS IN THE HERBARIUM BEROLI- NENSE AND IN THE HERBARIUM OF WILLDENOW. By THEO. HOLM. Y. NATIVE AND INTRODUCED SPECIES OF THE GENERA HOR- DE UM AND AGROPYRON. By F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER and JARED G. SMITH. VI. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. ISSUED :F:E:B:RTT^;R,Y 6, WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1897.