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Redalyc.Los Géneros Nativos De La Tribu Stipeae (Poaceae, Pooideae)

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Redalyc.Los Géneros Nativos De La Tribu Stipeae (Poaceae, Pooideae) Theoria ISSN: 0717-196X [email protected] Universidad del Bío Bío Chile Peñailillo Brito, Patricio Los géneros nativos de la tribu Stipeae (Poaceae, Pooideae) en Chile. Theoria, vol. 14, núm. 1, 2005, pp. 125-140 Universidad del Bío Bío Chillán, Chile Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=29900111 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Theoria, Vol. 14 (1): 125-140, 2005 ISSN 0717-196X Revisión LOS GÉNEROS NATIVOS DE LA TRIBU STIPEAE (POACEAE, POOIDEAE) EN CHILE THE NATIVE GENERA OF THE TRIBE STIPEAE (POACEAE, POOIDEAE) IN CHILE PATRICIO PEÑAILILLO BRITO Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca Casilla 747, Talca. Fono: (56-71) 200264. Fax: (56-71) 200276. e-mail: [email protected] RESUMEN En el catálogo de la flora vascular de Chile se citan 3 géneros para la tribu Stipeae: Nassella s.str., Piptochae- tium, y Stipa s.l. (incl. Ortachne). Nuevos caracteres morfológicos principalmente de las espiguillas, anatómi- cos foliares, morfológicos del embrión maduro, patrones epidérmicos de la lema e incluso datos moleculares han llevado a una delimitación más natural de los géneros de la tribu Stipeae (Pooideae, Poaceae). Actualmente, la tribu Stipeae en Chile está representada por 5 géneros: Anatherostipa (Hack. ex Kuntze) Peñail. (4 spp.); Jarava Ruiz et Pav. (22 spp.); Nassella (Trin.) E.Desv. s.l. (26 spp.); Ortachne Nees ex Steud. (7 spp.); y Piptochaetium J.Presl (7 spp.). Además, el género Piptatherum está representado por P. miliaceum (L.) Cosson, una especie introducida. Para cada uno de los géneros se realiza una reseña histórica, una des- cripción, y una lista de las especies con sus correspondientes basiónimos y sinónimos más frecuentes. Tam- bién, se indica la bibliografía antigua o actual que permiten con fines prácticos determinar las especies. Se proporciona una clave para los géneros de la tribu. PALABRAS CLAVES: Chile, especies, géneros, taxonomía Stipeae, clave de identificación. ABSTRACT In the catalogue of vascular plants of Chile, 3 genera in the tribe Stipeae are cited: Nassella s.str., Piptochaetium y Stipa s.l. (incl. Ortachne). New morphological characters primarily these of spikelets, anatomical leaves, embryological characters, epidermis patterns of lemma and molecular data have lead to a more natural de- limitation of genera of the tribe Stipeae (Pooideae, Poaceae). At present, the tribe Stipeae in Chile is represented by 5 genera: Anatherostipa (Hack. ex Kuntze) Peñail. (4 spp.); Jarava Ruiz et Pav. (22 spp.); Nassella (Trin.) E.Desv. s.l. (26 spp.); Ortachne Nees ex Steud. (2 spp.); and Piptochaetium J.Presl (2 spp.). Besides, the Piptatherum genus is represented by P. miliaceum (L.) Cosson, an adventitial species. A historical consideration, description, and a list of their species (basyonym and syn- onyms) are listed for each genus. For practical purposes, references for species identification are cited. A key for Chilean genera is presented. KEYWORDS: Chile, species, genera, Stipeae. Recepción: 02/05/05. Revisión: 30/05/05. Aprobación: 20/07/05 La tribu Stipeae comprende aproximada- 2001). Las áreas de distribución más impor- mente 450-500 especies de gramíneas esti- tantes son, en el hemisferio norte, América poides, ampliamente distribuidas en las re- del Norte, la región mediterránea y las este- giones templadas, templado-frías y cálidas pas rusas; y en el hemisferio sur, América del de ambos hemisferios (Barkworth y Torres, Sur, Australia y Tasmania (Nicora y Rúgolo 125 Theoria, Vol. 14 (1): 2005 de Agrasar, 1987). A nivel genérico su taxo- ros son los siguientes: Anatherostipa (Hack. nomía es contradictoria y confusa, existien- et Kuntze) Peñail., Nassella (Trin.) E.Desv., do aún géneros no bien delimitados (Jacobs Jarava Ruiz et Pav., Ortachne Nees ex Steud. et al., 2000). y Piptochaetium J.Presl. Además, ha sido Por largo tiempo la delimitación de los hallada adventicia en Chile, una especie del géneros de la tribu Stipeae estuvo basada en género Piptaherum P.Beauv., P. miliaceum algunos escasos caracteres morfológicos, ta- (L.) Cosson. les como la forma del antecio, la posición y caducidad de la arista y la forma del callus. 1. Anatherostipa (Hack. ex Kuntze) Peñail., Así, todas las especies de antecios grandes y Gayana, Bot. 53(2): 277. 1996. Basiónimo: cilíndricos, callus agudos y punzantes, y aris- Stipa sect. Anatherostipa Hack. ex Kuntze. tas persistentes fueron clasificadas dentro del Un género segregado de Stipa L. en sen- género Stipa L., en cambio aquellas especies tido amplio, formado por gramíneas xerófi- de antecios pequeños y redondeados, de las, altoandinas, las cuales fueron reconoci- callus cortos y obtusos, y aristas caducas se das como grupo Obtusae y luego como sec- colocaron en el género Nassella. Según estos ción Obtusae dentro de dicho género, respec- criterios, se reconocieron para Chile los gé- tivamente (Parodi, 1946 y 1950). Aunque, neros: Nasella (10 spp.), Piptochaetium (8 desde el punto de vista nomenclatural, estos spp.), y Stipa (44 spp., incluido Ortachne) nombres no son válidos, constituyen un gru- (Marticorena y Quezada, 1985). Sin embar- po natural cuyos límites concuerdan con el go, los caracteres antes mencionados fueron género Anatherostipa propuesto por Peñailillo considerados homoplásicos y por ende de (1996) al igual que Nicoraella (Torres, 1997c), escaso valor taxonómico (Barkworth y un “nom.superfl.”, pues incluye el tipo de un Everett, 1988). El estudio de otros caracte- género legítimo anterior. res morfológicos de las gramíneas estipoídes, En Anatherostipa, Peñailillo (1996) inclu- además de los caracteres del embrión ma- yó 7 especies: A. bomanii, A. hans-meyeri, A. duro “in toto”, anatomía de la epidermis de henrardiana, A. obtusa, A. rigidiseta, A. saltensis la lema y datos moleculares han conducido y A. venusta. Este género fue aceptado por a una mejor delimitación de los géneros e Rojas (1998), quien agregó las especies A. incluso a la segregación de nuevos taxa. De coroi y A. orurensis de Bolivia, y además rec- manera que en las últimas décadas se han tificó el nombre de Anatherostipa saltensis propuesto varios cambios en la delimitación (Kuntze) Peñail. por aquel de Anatherostipa genérica de Stipeae (Barkworth, 1990; Jacobs mucronata (Griseb.) F. Rojas. Finalmente, y Everett, 1996; Peñailillo 1996; Vázquez y Peñailillo (2003a) realizó dos nuevas com- Barkworh 2004), los cuales han encontrado binaciones, A. brevis y A. rosea quedando el un grado variable de aceptación, principal- género constituido por 11 especies, de las mente por la falta de una visión global de la cuales 4 están presentes en Chile. diversidad de la tribu (Barkworth y Torres, Los rasgos morfológicos de diagnósticos, 2001). No obstante, se está avanzado hacia que permiten distinguir Anatherostipa de una clasificación genérica más natural. otros géneros de la tribu Stipeae, son la com- El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar el binación de caracteres exomorfológicos con status taxonómico de los géneros pertenecien- el patrón epidérmico de la lema característi- tes a la tribu Stipeae aceptados actualmente co: el profilo biaristado; la pálea inervada por para Chile (Barkworth, 1990; Cialdella y dos nervios que alcanzan el ápice o la zona Arriaga, 1998; Matthei et al., 1998; Peñailillo, subapical; y la epidermis de la lema formada 1996, 1999, 2002, 2003a y b). Estos géne- por células fundamentales largas, de pare- 126 Los géneros nativos de la tribu Stipeae (Poaceae, Pooideae) en Chile / P. PEÑAILILLO B. des gruesas, silificadas y muy sinuosas acom- taxa específicos se pueden consultar los tra- pañadas o no por células silíceas. El análisis bajos de Parodi (1946) y Torres (1997c). Las de datos morfológicos, anatómicos y molecu- siguientes especies crecen en los Andes lares (ITS) apoyan la monofilia de Anatherostipa (puna) del norte de Chile: (Jacobs et al., 2000). Anatherostipa bomanii (Hauman) Peñail., DESCRIPCIÓN DEL GÉNERO. Incluye plantas Gayana, Bot. 53(2): 279. 1996. Basióni- perennes, cespitosas de ramificación basal mo: Stipa bomanii Hauman intravaginal y profilo biaristado. Las lámi- Anatherostipa mucronata (Griseb.) F.Rojas, nas foliares setáceo-filiformes son convolu- Gayana, Bot. 54(2): 170. 1997. Basióni- tadas y erectas o curvadas. La inflorescencia mo: Piptochatium mucronatum Griseb. es una panoja linear, pauciespiculada, con- Sinónimo.: Stipa saltensis Kuntze. traída o subcontraída, exerta, o en ocasio- Anatherostipa rigidiseta (Pilg.) Peñail., nes, parcialmente incluida a la madurez. Las Gayana, Bot. 53(2): 279. 1996. Basióni- espiguillas presentan un antecio sin exten- mo: Oryzopsis rigidiseta Pilg. Sinónimo: sión de la raquilla. Las glumas angostas o an- Stipa rigidiseta (Pilg.) Hitchc. chamente lanceoladas son glabras, escariosas, Anatherostipa venusta (Phil.) Peñail. Gayana, 1-3 nervadas, de ápice agudo o subagudo, Bot. 53(2): 279. 1996. Stipa venusta Phil. tan largas o algo mayores que el antecio y pigmentadas con antocianinas. El callus es 2. Jarava Ruiz et Pav., Fl. Peruv. Podr. 2. 1794. corto, obtuso a subagudo, pubescente o lige- En 1794, Ruiz y Pavón publicaron el géne- ramente piloso. La lema papirácea es glabra o ro Jarava basado en Jarava ichu. Más tarde uniformemente pubescente, en ocasiones, este taxón fue tratado como
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