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A Pictorial Review of the Indo-Pacific Labrid Fish Genus Pseudocoris, with Description of a New Species from the Coral Sea

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A Pictorial Review of the Indo-Pacific Labrid Fish Genus Pseudocoris, with Description of a New Species from the Coral Sea aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology A pictorial review of the Indo-Pacific labrid fish genus Pseudocoris, with description of a new species from the Coral Sea John E. Randall 1 and Fenton Walsh 2 1) Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA Email: [email protected] 2) Northern Barrier Marine Life, 29 Miles St., Cairns, Qld. 4870, Australia Email: [email protected] Received: 26 October 2007 – Accepted: 18 January 2008 Abstract phases adultes. Des photos couleurs sont fournies, de Pseudocoris aequalis is described as a new species of labrid juvéniles, de mâles en phase initiale et en phase terminale, fish collected from 8-15 m depth at Holmes Reef in the des cinq autres espèces du genre, avec des notes sur leur Coral Sea. The description is based on six specimens, four as distribution. Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata est signalé, pour terminal males, 100-112 mm SL, and two as males in the la première fois, en Australie, sur base d’un mâle en phase initial phase, 82 and 89 mm SL. The new species is distinct terminale, collecté à Holmes Reef. in lacking an elevated anterior part of the dorsal in the ter - minal-male phase, and the color pattern of both adult Sommario phases. Color photographs are provided of the juveniles, ini - Pseudocoris aequalis è descritta come nuova specie di tial-phase, and terminal males of the five other species of the labride raccolta a profondità di 8-15 m a Holmes Reef nel genus, with notes on their distribution. Pseudocoris aurantio - Mar dei Coralli. La descrizione è basata su sei esemplari, fasciata is recorded for the first time for Australia, based on quattro maschi terminali di 100-112 mm SL e due maschi a terminal male collected at Holmes Reef. nella fase iniziale di 82 and 89 mm SL. La nuova specie si distingue per la colorazione di entrambe le fasi adulte e Zusammenfassung perché il maschio in fase terminale non ha la parte anteri - Pseudocoris aequalis wird als neue Art der Lippfische ore della pinna dorsale elevata. Sono incluse fotografie a beschrieben, deren Vertreter in 8 bis 15 m Tiefe über dem colori degli stadi giovanili, iniziali e terminali maschili Holmes-Riff im Korallenmeer (Coral Sea) gesammelt wur - delle altre cinque specie del genere con note sulla loro dis - den. Sechs Exemplare dienten der Beschreibung zur Grund - tribuzione. Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata è segnalata per la lage: vier ausgewachsene Männchen mit 110-112 mm SL prima volta in Australia sulla base di un maschio terminale und zwei junge Männchen mit 82 und 89 mm SL. Die neue raccolto a Holmes Reef. Art unterscheidet sich dadurch, dass in der Phase des voll erwachsenen Tieres der Rücken vorne nicht erhaben ist und INTRODUCTION bei beiden Stadien ein anderes Farbmuster zu sehen ist. Auf The Indo-Pacific labrid fish genus Pseudocoris was Farbfotos werden junge Männchen, solche des ersten proposed by Bleeker (1862) for a species he first Erwachsenen-Stadiums und solche der endgültigen Erwach - described as Julis (Halichoeres ) heteropterus in 1857 senen-Phase zu allen weiteren fünf Arten der Gattung gezeigt, zusammen mit Anmerkungen zu ihrer Verbreitung. from the Molucca Islands. The genus is similar to Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata wird auf der Grundlage eines voll Coris Lacépède, 1801, and some authors, such as erwachsenen Männchens vom Holmes-Riff zum ersten Mal Norman (1957), have treated Pseudocoris as a syn - für Australien belegt. onym of Coris . The two genera differ principally in dentition. The canine teeth of the species of Résumé Pseudocoris are smaller, the upper pair laterally Pseudocoris aequalis est décrit en tant que nouvelle espèce curved; there is no canine at the corner of the de labridé, collectée à une profondeur de 8 à 15 m, à mouth, and there are no enlarged pharyngeal teeth. Holmes Reef, dans la mer de Corail. La description se base sur six spécimens, quatre mâles adultes en phase terminale, Pseudocoris is believed to be an evolutionary off - 100-112 mm de LS, et deux mâles en phase initiale, 82-89 shoot from Coris for feeding on zooplankton. The mm de LS. La nouvelle espèce se distingue par l’absence species of Coris are benthic feeders on hard-shelled d’une partie antérieure prolongée de la dorsale pour le invertebrates, hence the need for strong nodular or mâle en phase terminale et le patron de coloration des deux molariform pharyngeal teeth, a feature not present 45 aqua vol. 14 no. 2 - 14 April 2008 A pictorial review of the Indo-Pacific labrid fish genus Pseudocoris, with description of a new species from the Coral Sea in fishes that feed primarily on zooplankton. Guichenot, 1868 type species P. furcifer (Valenci - Other differences in Pseudocoris related to its food ennes, 1828). They appear to have arisen from the habits include a smaller mouth, shorter snout, and grouper stock of the genus Cephalopholis Bloch & the eye lower on the head (so predators can be seen Schneider, 1801, as indicated by the hybridization from below as well as above). However, the species of C. fulva (Linnaeus, 1758) and P. furcifer (Smith of Pseudocoris have not attained all of the morpho - 1966, Bostrom et al. 2002). logical features that are usually found in zooplank - Hubrecht (1876) described the second species of ton feeders. For example, their premaxilla is not Pseudocoris as Coris bleekeri, also from the Molucca more protrusible than the species of Coris , in gen - Islands. Schmidt (1931) named the third valid eral, and the gill rakers are not more numerous and species as Julis yamashiroi from a male specimen longer. There are several examples of plankton- from the Ryukyu Islands. He described J. awayae feeding fishes in different families that have in the same paper, now known to be the female of evolved from benthic-feeding ancestors (Davis & the species and regarded as the junior synonym. Birdsong 1973). The most noteworthy are the two Fourmanoir (1971) described the fourth species as New World species of the genus Paranthias P. aurantiofasciata from the Tuamotu Archipelago. Fig. 1. Terminal male of Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata , BPBM 14987, 163 mm SL, Tetiaroa Atoll, Society Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall. Fig. 2 . Initial phase of Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata , Gunung Api, Banda Sea. Underwater photo by J. E. Randall. aqua vol. 14 no. 2 - 14 April 2008 46 John E. Randall and Fenton Walsh Chen & Shao (1995) added the fifth, P. ocellata, The six species of Pseudocoris are very similar from Taiwan. We describe here the sixth species of meristically, all with the same number of dorsal Pseudocoris from six specimens collected at Holmes and anal rays, gill rakers, and nearly the same num - Reef in the Coral Sea. ber of lateral-line scales. The most diverse in this The species of Pseudocoris form small aggregations respect is P. ocellata , having 13-15 pectoral rays from one to a few meters above the substratum instead of 13 (rarely 14 in some species), and 66- where they feed on zooplankton. Instead of swiftly 69 lateral-line scales, compared to 69-78 for the descending to shelter in the reef or rubble substra - other species. tum with the approach of a diver, they generally Species of Pseudocoris have been distinguished maintain distance in the water column. Because of mainly by color pattern. Because juveniles differ in the difficulty getting within spearing range, the color from adults, and initial-phase fish from ter - first author has at times resorted to shooting an minal males, it has taken time to link the stages of explosive-tipped spear to a nearby hard surface to the different species. We provide here photographs stun or kill a fish of this genus (an event not appre - of the growth stages of the six species. ciated by fellow divers if not forewarned). Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata (Figs 1-4) is the largest Fig. 3. Juvenile of Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata , Palau, 82 m. Photo by J. E. Randall. Fig. 4. Juvenile of Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata, Gunung Api, Banda Sea, 49 m. Underwater photo by J. E. Randall. 47 aqua vol. 14 no. 2 - 14 April 2008 A pictorial review of the Indo-Pacific labrid fish genus Pseudocoris, with description of a new species from the Coral Sea species of the genus. One collected in 34 m by the Cocos-Keeling Islands (Allen & Smith-Vaniz 1994) first author in Rarotonga (BPBM 13084) measures in the eastern Indian Ocean; in the western Pacific 192 mm SL. The species ranges from the Tuamotu from Sagami Sea, Japan (Senou et al. 2006: 481), Archipelago (type locality, Rangiroa Atoll) to misidentified from Kochi Prefecture as P. heteropterus Christmas Island (Allen & Steene 1979) and by Masuda et al. (1975: 305, pl. 110, fig. J) and by Fig. 5. Terminal male of Pseudocoris bleekeri, Cebu, Philippines. Underwater photo by J. E. Randall. Fig. 6. Initial phase of Pseudocoris bleekeri, Cebu, Philippines. Underwater photo by J. E. Randall. Fig. 7. Juvenile of Pseudocoris bleekeri, Sangihe Island, Indonesia. Underwater photo by J. E. Randall. aqua vol. 14 no. 2 - 14 April 2008 48 John E. Randall and Fenton Walsh Masuda et al. (1984: 210, pl. 206, fig. A) to Flores, Lucipara Islands, and Lombok) to Ribbon Reef, Indonesia (Kuiter 2002: 178) and Holmes Reef, Queensland (from the second author’s photo pub - Coral Sea (QM I.38181, a terminal male 146 mm lished by Kuiter 2002: 177, fig. F). Also we report SL, the first record for Australia; the species is the species here from Holmes Reef in the Coral Sea reported only from Palau in Micronesia (Myers (BPBM 40875, 61.5 mm). The holotype (BMNH 1999), but the Bishop Museum has a specimen 1864.5.15.30, 160.5 mm SL) was examined at the (BPBM 40830, 35 mm SL) collected at Fais Island, Natural History Museum in London.
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