DOCSLIB.ORG

Abandoned Mines and the Water Environment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abandoned Mines and the Water Environment Abandoned mines and the water environment Science project SC030136-41 Product code: SCHO0508BNZS-E-P The Environment Agency is the leading public body protecting and improving the environment in England and Wales. It’s our job to make sure that air, land and water are looked after by everyone in today’s society, so that tomorrow’s generations inherit a cleaner, healthier world. Our work includes tackling flooding and pollution incidents, reducing industry’s impacts on the environment, cleaning up rivers, coastal waters and contaminated land, and improving wildlife habitats. This report is the result of research commissioned and funded by the Environment Agency’s Science Programme. Published by: Author(s): Environment Agency, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Dave Johnston Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol, BS32 4UD Hugh Potter Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 624409 Ceri Jones www.environment-agency.gov.uk Stuart Rolley Ian Watson ISBN: 978-1-84432-894-9 Jim Pritchard © Environment Agency – August 2008 Dissemination Status: Released to all regions All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced Publicly available with prior permission of the Environment Agency. Keywords: The views and statements expressed in this report are Minewater, abandoned mine, Coal Authority, Water those of the author alone. The views or statements Framework Directive, non-coal mine expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of the Environment Agency and the Environment Agency’s Project Manager: Environment Agency cannot accept any responsibility for Dave Johnston –Ty Cambria, Cardiff such views or statements. Collaborator(s): This report is printed on Cyclus Print, a 100% recycled Coal Authority stock, which is 100% post consumer waste and is totally Scottish Environment Protection Agency chlorine free. Water used is treated and in most cases returned to source in better condition than removed. Science Project Number: SC030136/SR41 Further copies of this report are available from: The Environment Agency’s National Customer Contact Product Code: Centre by emailing: SCHO0508BNZS-E-P [email protected] or by telephoning 08708 506506. ii Science Report – Abandoned mines and the water environment Foreword For the past fourteen years our three organisations have worked together to deal with the one of the more visible pollution legacies of Britain’s industrial past. Our mineral wealth put this country at the forefront of the industrial revolution and has given us a rich heritage, but it has also given us a significant, difficult and long lasting pollution problem. The legacy of coal mining is now well understood. We have a long term programme of work which is dealing with historic discharges in order to improve and protect our inland and coastal waters. We are also monitoring and intercepting water that is still rising in more recently closed mines before it causes pollution or gets into our drinking water supplies. In this report you will see how we have approached the problem, what we have achieved so far, and what remains to be done. Other mines, particularly metal mines, have not been included in this strategic programme and remain a significant water management issue in many areas. Some of the largest discharges of metals into our rivers and the sea come from abandoned lead, copper and tin mines. Finding a sustainable treatment method for these mines, which does not compromise their value as part of our national heritage and biodiversity, is a continuing challenge. We are now working to identify which rivers are most affected by these non-coal mines and are looking for ways to manage the pollution. The valuable knowledge gained from our experience with coal mines will help us to continue working together to solve these problems. Colin Bayes Director of Environmental Protection and Improvement SEPA Tricia Henton Director of Environment Protection Environment Agency Ian Wilson Director of Mining Projects and Property The Coal Authority Science Report – Abandoned mines and the water environment iii Science at the Environment Agency Science underpins the work of the Environment Agency. It provides an up-to-date understanding of the world about us and helps us to develop monitoring tools and techniques to manage our environment as efficiently and effectively as possible. The work of the Environment Agency’s Science Department is a key ingredient in the partnership between research, policy and operations that enables the Environment Agency to protect and restore our environment. The science programme focuses on five main areas of activity: • Setting the agenda, by identifying where strategic science can inform our evidence-based policies, advisory and regulatory roles; • Funding science, by supporting programmes, projects and people in response to long-term strategic needs, medium-term policy priorities and shorter-term operational requirements; • Managing science, by ensuring that our programmes and projects are fit for purpose and executed according to international scientific standards; • Carrying out science, by undertaking research – either by contracting it out to research organisations and consultancies or by doing it ourselves; • Delivering information, advice, tools and techniques, by making appropriate products available to our policy and operations staff. Steve Killeen Head of Science iv Science Report – Abandoned mines and the water environment Executive summary Abandoned mines are one of the most significant pollution threats in Britain. Our legacy of mining for coal, metal ores and other minerals dates back to the Bronze Age. Many thousands of mines have been abandoned and now discharge minewater containing heavy metals and other pollutants into our watercourses. Other more recently closed mines are still filling up with groundwater and will start discharging in the future. Nine percent of rivers in England and Wales, and two percent in Scotland are at risk of failing to meet their Water Framework Directive targets of good chemical and ecological status because of abandoned mines. These rivers carry some of the biggest discharges of metals such as cadmium, iron, copper and zinc to the seas around Britain. Seventy-two per cent of failures to achieve the cadmium quality standard in freshwater are in mined areas. In some areas, important drinking water supply aquifers are polluted or threatened by plumes of sulphate and chloride. The legal position in the UK is such that no-one can be held liable for the pollution from the majority of mines. It is only since 1999 that the operator of a mine has had any obligation to deal with the consequences of abandonment. The Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and Coal Authority are leading efforts to deal with the problem. Between us we have made significant advances, mostly dealing with the problem from coal mines. We have built 54 minewater treatment plants, which prevent 2,500 tonnes of iron and other metals from entering our rivers every year, protecting over 200 km of rivers and drinking water aquifers. Most of these plants are owned and operated by the Coal Authority, which works with the environment agencies to prioritise the worst discharges from closed deep coal mines and identify future problems. Priority non-coal mines are metal mines in the ore fields of Wales, the South West and northern England which continue to cause pollution despite being closed for over a hundred years. No single body has the responsibility for dealing with them and we do not yet have a national strategy to tackle them. The Metal Mines Strategy for Wales has identified the most polluting sites in Wales and is working to identify sustainable treatment methods for them. In Cornwall, we have built the largest minewater treatment plant in Britain to deal with pollution from the Wheal Jane tin mine. This plant prevents 670 tonnes of iron and 150 tonnes of zinc from entering the Restronguet Creek each year. Our strategic approach to identifying and prioritising non-coal mines across England and Wales is set out in a joint project between the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the Environment Agency. This project, along with a similar assessment carried out in Scotland by SEPA, will identify the water bodies most impacted by abandoned non-coal mines and the sites within them which are the source of pollution. The results of these projects will help to develop a national strategy. Sustainable technology for treating coal minewater discharges is well developed, but is not directly applicable to most metal mine discharges. Some advances, including pilot- scale treatment plants, have been made but we need to develop passive treatment methods which do not rely on costly technology or substantial raw materials and power. Abandoned metal mines are not only a source of pollution, they are a part of our national heritage and an important reserve of biodiversity. Many sites are designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest or Scheduled Ancient Monuments. The tin and copper mining areas of Cornwall and West Devon have been declared a UNESCO Science Report – Abandoned mines and the water environment v World Heritage Site. This means that certain treatment methods cannot be employed; however, a collaborative approach may help to deal with the pollution threat. Further work is needed in many areas, including: • sustainable treatment methods for metal mines; • a national strategy for cleaning up pollution from abandoned non-coal mines; • new
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Smelting of Copper
    Chapter 4 The Smelting of Copper The first written account of the processes of smelting and refining of copper is to be found in the 12th century.1 On smelting: Copper is engendered in the earth. When a vein of which is found, it is acquired with the greatest labour by digging and breaking. It is a stone of a green colour and most hard, and naturally mixed with lead. This stone, dug up in abundance, is placed upon a pile, and burned after the manner of chalk, nor does it change colour, but yet looses its hardness, so that it can be broken up. Then, being bruised small, it is placed in the furnace; coals and the bellows being applied, it is incessantly forged by day and night. On refining: Of the purification of copper. Take an iron dish of the size you wish, and line it inside and and out with clay strongly beaten and mixed, and it is carefully dried. Then place it before a forge upon the coals, so that when the bellows acts upon it the wind may issue partly within and partly above it, and not below it. And very small coals being placed around it equally, and add over it a heap of coals. When, by blowing a long time, this has become melted, uncover it and cast immediately fine ashes over it, and stir it with a thin and dry piece of wood as if mixing it, and you will directly see the burnt lead adhere to these ashes like a glue.
    [Show full text]
  • 200514 Ceredigion Brochure WEL 2020
    Darganfod Ceredigion Bae Ceredigion a Mynyddoedd Cambria Croeso Dyma’ch cyfle i ddod i adnabod Ceredigion a’i phobl - y Cardis. Cymerwch amser i ddarganfod ac i ail ddarganfod un o ardaloedd Cymreicaf Cymru, ardal sy’n ymfalchïo yn ei hiaith, ei diwylliant a’i hetifeddiaeth. Mae’r croeso a’r hwyl gewch chi yng Nheredigion mor wresog ag erioed a gallwch ymlacio a mwynhau yng nghwmni ffrindiau hen a newydd. Dyma lle cewch brofiad sy’n cyfuno’r traddodiadol a’r cyfoes a’r pwyslais bob amser ar safon. Mae enwau Ceredigion yn chwedlonol - ond pa mor dda ydych chi’n adnabod tref y coleg ger y lli a chyfres Y Gwyll, man geni’r eisteddfod neu rygbi yng Nghymru, gwersyll cyntaf yr Urdd neu’r mynyddoedd lle tardd afon hiraf Cymru? Dewch draw i ddarganfod beth sydd gennym i’w gynnig. An English language version of this publication is available. Tra bo Gwasanaeth Twristiaeth Cyngor Sir Ceredigion wedi gwneud pob ymdrech i sicrhau bod manylion y cyhoeddiad hwn yn gywir, ni all y Cyngor Sir dderbyn cyfrifoldeb am unrhyw gamgymeriadau, manylion anghywir neu amryfusedd nac ychwaith am unrhyw fater yn gysylltiedig â neu yn deillio o ganlyniad i gyhoeddi’r wybodaeth. Cyhoeddwyd gan Gwasanaeth Twristiaeth Ceredigion, Canolfan Rheidol, Aberystwyth SY23 3UE © Cyngor Sir Ceredigion 2020. Cedwir pob hawl. Ffotograffiaeth ©Janet Baxter; Iestyn Hughes, Alan Hale, Ed Moore, Y Talbot, Crown Copyright (2020) Visit Wales, Aberystwyth Arts Centre. Cwm Rheidol Dyluniwyd yng Ngheredigion, Cymru www.four.cymru Argraffwyd yng Nghymru The Westdale Press. 2 Darganfod Ceredigion www.darganfodceredigion.cymru www.discoverceredigion.wales Discover Ceredigion 3 De la baie de Cardigan aux monts Van Cardigan Bay tot en met de Cambriens, vous découvrirez de Cambrian Mountains ontdekt u magnifiques plages, des couchers de prachtige stranden, adembenemende soleil à couper le souffle, des villes zonsondergangen, bedrijvige commerçantes très animées et des marktstadjes en ongeëvenaarde paysages incroyables.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceredigion Places to Visit
    Lleoedd i ymweld â hwy Gogledd | North Ceredigion Places to visit Machynlleth B4518 B3453 Tre’r-ddôl Llwybr Penordd-las Glyndwˆ r’s Staylittle Way Glyndwˆ r 2 GNG Dyfi: Ynyslas NNR Glyndwˆ r’s A487 Borth Borth i Way Bontarfynach B4518 Afon Hafren Hafren Tal-y-bont Clywedog Borth to Devil’s Bridge Nant y Moch Glyndw Llwybr Glyndwˆr ˆr’s Way Twyni Dunes Bwlch Nant yr Arian B4572 River Severn Dyfi on Llwybr Hafren Puml um Gogerddan 1 Bow Street Bwlch Severn Way Llanidloes Afon Rheidol Afon Gwy Cymerwch ychydig o Atyniadau lleol eraill: Nant yr Take the time to explore Other local attractions: amser i archwilio mwy o A4159 Arian more special places... 8 Ystrad Fflur – Cadw A487 8 Strata Florida Abbey – Cadw leoedd arbennig... Ymwelwch ag olion yr Abaty Llwybr Dyryn Gwy Visit the remains of this culturally Sistersaidd ddiwylliannol bwysig important Cistercian Abbey with Peidiwch â cholli’r cyfle i weld y Ponterwyd Don’t miss the daily red kite 1 gyda’i chefnlen fynyddig. Tâl Aberystwyth A44 Goginan 1 its mountain backdrop. barcudiaid coch yn cael eu bwydo’n A44 feeding at Bwlch Nant yr Arian mynediad o Basg – mis Hydref A470 Admission charge from ddyddiol yng Llwybr with its stunning Nghanolfan www.cadw.gov.wales Beicio Rheidol Ystumtuen River Wye Visitor Centre Easter-October Ymwelwyr Bwlch Nant yr Arian 01974 831261 Afon Ystwyth Rhaeadrau Pontarfynach walks, challenging mountain bike www.cadw.gov.wales Rheidol Cycle Trail GNG Coed Rheidol NNR 10 Llangurig gyda’i lwybrau cerdded trawiadol, 7 Devil’s Bridge Waterfalls trails, café with lake/mountain 01974 831261 llwybrau beicio mynydd heriol, ca Canolfan y Barcud Coch ac A4120 views and children’s play areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Y Tincer 325 Ion 10
    PRIS £1 Rhif 325 Ionawr Y TINCER 2010 PAPUR BRO GENAU’R-GLYN, MELINDWR, TIRYMYNACH, TREFEURIG A’R BORTH HWB I GRONFA Mae Cronfa Eisteddfod yr Urdd Ceredigion 2010, sydd i’w chynnal yn Llanerchaeron ar ddiwedd Mai a dechrau Mehefin, wedi cael hwb sylweddol yn sgil cefnogaeth o £5000. gan gwmni SSE (Airtricity gynt) gyda’r arian yn cael ei rannu yn gyfartal rhwng Pwyllgorau Apêl Ceulanmaesmawr, Melindwr/ Blaenrheidol a Threfeurig. Dyma’r tro cyntaf i SSE gefnogi Eisteddfod yr Urdd ac yn ôl Deian Creunant, Cadeirydd Pwyllgor Gwaith yr Eisteddfod mae’r ffaith bod un o’r prif ddatblygwyr yn y sector ynni adnewyddol yn awyddus i fuddsoddi mewn gweithgaredd pobol ifanc yn argoeli yn dda ar gyfer dyfodol Prifwyl yr Urdd. “Mae’n arwydd pellach o bwysigrwydd mudiad yr Urdd”, meddai. Yn y llun gwelir Eluned Lewis, Swyddog Cyswllt Cymunedol SSE; Deian Creunant Cadeirydd Pwyllgor Gwaith Eisteddfod 2010 a Delyth Jones o Bwyllgor Apêl Trefeurig a Llinos a Gwynfor Jones o Bwyllgor Apêl Melindwr/ Blaenrheidol Calennig Alaw a Llñr Evans o Pwllcenawon, Capel Bangor Ieuan, Tomos a Haf yn canu calennig yng Cadi ac Osian yn canu calennig ym fu yn canu calennig o amgylch y pentref. Nghapel Bangor Mhenrhyn-coch 2 Y TINCER IONAWR 2010 CYDNABYDDIR Y TINCER CEFNOGAETH - un o bapurau bro Ceredigion | Sefydlwyd Medi 1977 ISSN 0963-925X | Rhif 325 | Ionawr 2010 SWYDDOGION GOLYGYDD - Ceris Gruffudd DYDDIADUR Y TINCER Rhos Helyg, 23 Maesyrefail Y DYDDIAD OLAF Y BYDD GOHEBWYR LLEOL YN DERBYN DEUNYDD AR GYFER Y Penrhyn-coch % 828017 RHIFYN NESAF FYDD CHWEFROR 4 a CHWEFROR 5 I’R GOLYGYDD.
    [Show full text]
  • Recoveries and Reclamations
    Advances in Art & Urban Futures Volume 2 Recoveries and Reclamations Edited by Judith Rugg Daniel Hinchcliffe Advances in Art & Urban Futures Volume 2 Recoveries and Reclamations intellect TM BRISTOL, ENGLAND PORTLAND, OR, USA Edited by Judith Rugg and Daniel Hinchcliffe First Published in Hardback 2002 by Intellect Books, PO Box 862,Bristol, BS99 1DE, UK First Published in USA in 2002 by Intellect Books, ISBS, 5824 Hassalo St, Portland, Oregon 97213-3644, USA Copyright ©2002 Intellect Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission. Consulting Editor: Masoud Yazdoni Book and Cover Design: Joshua Beadon – Toucan Copy Editor: Holly Spradling Set in Joanna A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Electronic ISBN 1-84150-828-4 / ISBN1-84150-055-0 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Cromwell Press,Wiltshire Contents Series Introduction 5 Malcolm Miles Foreword 7 Jane Rendell General Introduction 11 Judith Rugg and Daniel Hinchcliffe Contributors 15 Section One – Issues of Regeneration and Cultural Change Regenerating Public Life? A Sensory Analysis of Regenerated 19 Public Places in El Raval, Barcelona Monica Degen Utopia from Dystopia: 37 TheWomens PlayhouseTrust and theWapping Project Judith Rugg New Urban Spaces: 49 Regenerating a Design Ethos PaulTeedon Section Two – Artists’ Reclamations/Ecological Spatial Actions Art,
    [Show full text]
  • Ceredigion Coast Path
    Ceredigion Coast Path Ceredigion Coast Path Ceredigion Highlights Facts The route along the crescent of Cardigan Bay • Most of the Ceredigion coastline is designated as a marine through Ceredigion forms a very special part of the Special Area of Conservation, and the southern section is Coast Path Wales Coast Path experience. Here are some of the also Heritage Coast. highlights you can expect to discover along the way. • There are over 30 beaches and coves along the path, many having won Seaside, Blue Flag and Green Coast awards The Challenge Sections of • Waterfalls drop directly onto the beach at Tresaith and the Ceredigion at Cwm Buwch between New Quay and Aberaeron. Coast Path at • Europe’s largest pod of bottlenose dolphins is resident Aberystwyth, for most of the year in Cardigan Bay and can be seen Aberaeron and from several vantage points along the path, as can Aberporth are harbour porpoises and Atlantic grey seals. accessible to all. • Look out for choughs, peregrine falcons and guillemots in summer along the coastal cliffs as well as the spectacular starling murmuration above Aberystwyth Enjoy Ceredigion’s promenade from autumn through to spring. award winning beaches along the coastline of Cardigan Bay, including family beaches and quiet secluded coves. The Ceredigion coast is a haven for a wide variety of Walk the marine wildlife, birds, plants and animals entire 60 mile including Europe’s Ceredigion Coast largest population of Path at your own bottlenose dolphins. “I walked on to the cliff path again, the town pace and claim Discover [New Quay] behind and below waking up now so Ceredigion’s very slowly; I stopped and turned and looked...” your certificate heritage while walking the Dylan Thomas - ‘Quite early one morning’ coastline.
    [Show full text]
  • Wales Heritage Interpretation Plan
    TOUCH STONE GREAT EXPLANATIONS FOR PEOPLE AT PLACES Cadw Pan-Wales heritage interpretation plan Wales – the first industrial nation Ysgogiad DDrriivviinngg FFoorrcceess © Cadw, Welsh Government Interpretation plan October 2011 Cadw Pan-Wales heritage interpretation plan Wales – the first industrial nation Ysgogiad Driving Forces Interpretation plan Prepared by Touchstone Heritage Management Consultants, Red Kite Environment and Letha Consultancy October 2011 Touchstone Heritage Management Consultants 18 Rose Crescent, Perth PH1 1NS, Scotland +44/0 1738 440111 +44/0 7831 381317 [email protected] www.touchstone-heritage.co.uk Michael Hamish Glen HFAHI FSAScot FTS, Principal Associated practice: QuiteWrite Cadw – Wales – the first industrial nation / Interpretation plan i ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Contents 1 Foreword 1 2 Introduction 3 3 The story of industry in Wales 4 4 Our approach – a summary 13 5 Stakeholders and initiatives 14 6 Interpretive aim and objectives 16 7 Interpretive themes 18 8 Market and audiences 23 9 Our proposals 27 10 Interpretive mechanisms 30 11 Potential partnerships 34 12 Monitoring and evaluation 35 13 Appendices: Appendix A: Those consulted 38 Appendix B: The brief in full 39 Appendix C: National Trust market segments 41 Appendix D: Selected people and sites 42 The illustration on the cover is part of a reconstruction drawing of Blaenavon Ironworks by Michael
    [Show full text]
  • Inspection Report Ysgol Gynradd Penysarn 2017
    A report on Ysgol Gynradd Penysarn Penysarn Anglesey LL69 9AZ Date of inspection: October 2017 by Estyn, Her Majesty’s Inspectorate for Education and Training in Wales A report on Ysgol Gynradd Penysarn October 2017 About Ysgol Gynradd Penysarn Ysgol Gynradd Penysarn is situated approximately two miles from Amlwch on the Isle of Anglesey. Welsh is the main medium of the school’s life and work. There are 98 pupils between three and eleven years old on roll, including eight part-time nursery age children. They are divided into four mixed-age classes. Approximately 13% of pupils are eligible for free school meals. This is lower than the national percentage (19%). Approximately half the pupils come from Welsh-speaking homes, and very few are from ethnic minority backgrounds. The school has identified 22% of its pupils as having additional learning needs, but very few have a statement of special educational needs. The headteacher was appointed to the post in January 2017. He was not at the school during the inspection. The school was last inspected in January 2012. Further information is available from the Welsh Government My Local School website at the link below. http://mylocalschool.wales.gov.uk/Schools/SchoolSearch?lang=en 1 A report on Ysgol Gynradd Penysarn October 2017 Summary During their time at the school, most pupils make sound progress and achieve well. Most pupils show positive attitudes towards their work and concentrate well in lessons. On the whole, teachers provide interesting learning activities, which motivate pupils to enjoy learning. The Welsh language is at the heart of the school’s life and work, and there is a clear emphasis on ensuring that pupils have a good awareness of the local area’s history and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Hughes of Sutton: the Influence of Welsh Copper On
    MICHAEL HUGHES OF SUTTON THE INFLUENCE OF WELSH COPPER ON LANCASHIRE BUSINESS, 1780-1815'1 ' BY J. R. HARRIS, B.A. Read 31 March 1949 ICHAEL HUGHES of Sherdley House in the township of M Sutton was very much the sort of man who made the Indus­ trial Revolution. From his ledgers one can see the economic vitality of the period displayed in the varied business activities of a single influential man. His actions determined the course of local industrial and financial advance: in turn the trends of the time moulded his own economic and business life. In this paper it is intended to speak first of the connection between Welsh copper mining and the Lancashire smelting industry, and then of the investments and financial activities of Hughes. Michael Hughes (1752-1825) was the youngest child of Hugh Hughes of Lleinog in Anglesey, (2) whose family remained obscure until his eldest son, the Rev. Edward Hughes, M.A., married a lady, Mary Lewis, who inherited some land in Anglesey, (3) particularly half a barren hill just outside Amlwch called the Parys Mountain. It was the discovery in 1768 that this mountain was virtually composed of copper which initiated not merely the rise to power and wealth of Hughes and his business associates, but also a brief revolution in the industry itself. During the first half of the eighteenth century the trades of mining, smelting and manufacturing copper (and also brass, of which copper is a main component) had undergone a steady expansion. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries copper mining and manu­ facturing had been monopoly industries carried on by the Mines Royal and the Mineral and Battery Companies, but towards the end revealed two brown paper parcels which contain correspondence of Michael Hughes between 1800 and 1825, with a few earlier documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramblers Routes Rambler
    Ramblers Routes Ramblers Routes Britain’s best walks from the experts Britain’s best walks from the experts Wales Wales 05 Devil’s Bridge & Rheidol Valley, Ceredigion 06 Rhyd Ddu to Beddgelert, Gwynedd l Distance 12½km/8 miles l Time 4½hrs l Type Hill, forest and river gorge l Distance 14km/8¾ miles l Time 5hrs l Type Hill and valley NAVIGATION LEVEL FITNESS LEVEL NAVIGATION LEVEL FITNESS LEVEL walk magazine autumn 2015 autumn magazine walk walk magazine autumn 2015 autumn magazine walk Plan your walk Plan your walk Harlech l Llandudno l RHYD DDU DEVIL’S BRIDGE GWYNEDD P Harlech LE l Y TRO CEREDIGION L AR l ICE K Cardigan B R l A U Aberystwyth N A O Swansea HY: M HY: HY: FI HY: l P P WHERE Circular walk from WHERE Linear walk from the village of Devil’s Bridge Rhyd Ddu to Beddgelert via PHOTOGRA via the Rheidol Valley. Cwm Llan and Llyn Dinas. PHOTOGRA START/END Devil’s Bridge START Welsh Highland This highly scenic, varied walk ahead, zigzag steeply down the Surrounded by some of the finest 1. START Either enjoy a ride on station or the car park across Railway station bus stop on starts and finishes in the village of valley side on the clear path into scenery in the country – the the Welsh Highland Railway steam the road (A4120), (SN738769). the A4085 next to Rhyd Devil’s Bridge, famous for Mynach the forest to a stile and signboard, beautiful Aberglaslyn Pass to the train or take the bus to the start.
    [Show full text]
  • Core Management Plan For
    CYNGOR CEFN GWLAD CYMRU COUNTRYSIDE COUNCIL FOR WALES CORE MANAGEMENT PLAN INCLUDING CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES FOR COEDYDD A CHEUNANT RHEIDOL SAC/ RHEIDOL WOODS AND GORGE SAC Version: 1b Date: 14 March 2008 Approved by: Tracey Lovering More detailed maps of management units can be provided on request. A Welsh version of all or part of this document can be made available on request. CONTENTS Preface: Purpose of this document 1. Vision for the Site 2. Site Description 2.1 Area and Designations Covered by this Plan 2.2 Outline Description 2.3 Outline of Past and Current Management 2.4 Management Units 3. The Special Features 3.1 Confirmation of Special Features 3.2 Special Features and Management Units 4. Conservation Objectives Background to Conservation Objectives 4.1 Conservation Objective for Feature 1: Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles 4.2 Conservation Objective for Feature 3: Lichen assemblage 4.3 Conservation Objective for Feature 4: Bryophyte assemblage 4.4 Conservation Objective for Feature 5: Red kite 5. Assessment of Conservation Status and Management Requirements: 5.1 Conservation Status and Management Requirements of Feature 1: Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles 5.2 Conservation Status and Management Requirements of Feature 3: Lichen assemblage 5.3 Conservation Status and Management Requirements of Feature 4: Bryophyte assemblage 5.4 Conservation Status and Management Requirements of Feature 5: Red kite 6. Action Plan: Summary 7. Glossary 8. References and Annexes 2 PREFACE This document provides the main elements of CCW’s management plan for the site named.
    [Show full text]
  • Bwlch Nant Yr Arian to Devil's Bridge
    At the “Cwm Rheidol” sign, just below on the left, are two stone pillars that once Borth to Ystwyth Trail Path supported a trough, carrying water from a leat to power the machinery at mine workings lower down. The workings have all but disappeared and the spoil heaps NANT YR ARIAN to DEVIL’S BRIDGE are covered with shrubs and trees. Section 3 of 6 Past the filter beds a concrete footbridge crosses the river on the left at a deep fissure carved into the rock. Climb steeply left to enter the Nature Reserve once again and continue on the lower path at an easier gradient. From a large oak tree, the mine workings opposite can now be distinguished. The path enters conifers once more immediately after passing a ruin. The river is close by now and the course of the leat can be seen below on the left. Pass a stand of American red oaks then, at a junction, take the right fork and climb the steep path traversing the bank through noble fir trees. Take a sharp right then left turn, leading to the railway line which weaves a more gentle course up the valley. Cross the line with care and take the left track which contours the valley in a fine location, looking down and across to the route just taken. Steep waterfalls tumble down into the valley below as the path steers into the Distance & time: 10km (6 miles); 4 hours. woods to cross a tributary further upstream. At the footbridge, the remains of an Terrain: Remote upland pasture, moorland and wooded valley.
    [Show full text]