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Telecommunications/Icts for Rural and Remote Areas Output Report on ITU-D Question 5/1 Telecommunications/Icts for Rural and Remote Areas
ITUPublications International Telecommunication Union Study period 2018-2021 Development Sector Study Group 1 Question 5 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote areas Output Report on ITU-D Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote areas Study period 2018-2021 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote: Output Report on ITU-D Question 5/1 for the study period 2018-2021 ISBN 978-92-61-34591-4 (Electronic version) ISBN 978-92-61-34601-0 (EPUB version) ISBN 978-92-61-34611-9 (Mobi version) © International Telecommunication Union 2021 International Telecommunication Union, Place des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland Some rights reserved. This work is licensed to the public through a Creative Commons Attribution- Non- Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that ITU endorses any specific organization, product or service. The unauthorized use of the ITU name or logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a transla- tion of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). ITU is not respon- sible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. -
Cyta's Telecommunications Hub in the Eastern Mediterranean
CARRIER SERVICES Cyta’s Telecommunications Hub in the Eastern Mediterranean – a Telecommunications Corridor between Europe and the Middle East By Mr Christos Limnatitis, Manager, National and International Wholesale Market antennas, providing connectivity with major satellite systems such as Intelsat, Eutelsat, SES, Hylas, Thor, AsiaSat and Arabsat. Services offered range from satellite television on a permanent and occasional basis to international telephony, monitoring services, data and internet connectivity. The teleports also offer VSAT services, hosting services to third parties and serve as a video head-end for Cyta’s IPTV offering in the Cyprus market. Cytaglobal is particularly active in the area of international undersea fibre optic cables, providing wholesale products and services on a global basis. Taking advantage of the island’s strategic geographical position, Cytaglobal has developed an extensive undersea fibre optic cable network, which connects Cyprus with its neighbouring countries of Greece, Italy, Israel, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt and thereafter with the rest of the world. This cable network, uses state-of-the-art technology By Mr Christos Limnatitis, and full restoration and diversity and includes the following Manager, National and International Wholesale Market submarine fibre optic cable systems that land in Cyprus, at three separate Cytaglobal cable landing stations, namely yta, the leading telecommunications operator Ayia Napa, Pentaskhinos and Yeroskipos: in Cyprus, provides the full spectrum of ARIEL – a private cable subsystem consisting of a fibre Cadvanced telecommunication products and pair between Cyprus and Israel providing connectivity to services, covering fixed and mobile voice and data Israel and extending beyond to Western Europe through communications, Internet, IPTV, broadband and other existing networks. -
Cyta's Undersea Cable Hub in the Eastern Mediterranean
CARRIER SERVICES Cyta’s Undersea Cable Hub in the Eastern Mediterranean By Andreas Ioannou, Head of International Networks Promotion, Cytaglobal and Egypt and thereafter with the rest of the world. This cable network uses state-of-the-art technology and full restoration and diversity and currently includes the following undersea fibre optic systems that land in Cyprus at three separate cable Andreas Ioannou, stations, namely Ayia Napa, Pentaskhinos and Yeroskipos: Head of International Networks Promotion, Cytaglobal • CIOS: a repeaterless SDH cable system connecting Cyprus yprus Telecommunications Authority (Cyta) is directly with Israel. the primary telecommunications provider in • CADMOS: a repeaterless cable system of SDH technology CCyprus. Its product portfolio covers the whole connecting Cyprus directly with two separate landing spectrum of electronic communications ranging stations in Lebanon. from fixed and mobile telephony to internet service • UGARIT: a repeaterless SDH cable system directly provision and broadband applications. Cyta, through connecting Cyprus and Syria and via terrestrial its strategic business unit Cytaglobal, is particularly extensions, with Jordan. UGARIT and CADMOS systems active in the area of international undersea fibre optic together with the BERYTAR cable system (Beirut – cables, providing wholesale products and services on a Tartous) are fully integrated into a secure self-healing global basis, and has established Cyprus as a regional ring, interconnecting Cyprus with Lebanon and Syria. telecommunications hub in the Eastern Mediterranean. Taking advantage of the island’s strategic geographical ALASIA will link Cyprus and Syria and add an alternate position, Cytaglobal has developed an extensive undersea route to the Ugarit system which already connects the two fibre optic cable network, which connects Cyprus with the countries. -
Preliminary Identification of Pressures of the Coastal Seas in Socio-Economic Terms Gap Analysis on Data and Knowledge Deliverable Nr
PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D2.2 Preliminary identification of pressures of the coastal seas in socio-economic terms Gap Analysis on data and knowledge Deliverable Nr. 2.2 - 1 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D2.2 Project Full title Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern EUropean Seas Project Acronym PERSEUS Grant Agreement No. 287600 Coordinator Dr. E. Papathanassiou Project start date and duration 1st January 2012, 48 months Project website www.perseus-net.eu Deliverable Nr. 2.2 Deliverable Date T11 Work Package No 2 Work Package Title Pressures and impacts at coastal level Responsible Jean François CADIOU Didier Sauzade Plan Bleu Areti Kontogianni AEGEAN Michalis Skourtos AEGEAN Dimitris Damigos AEGEAN and NTUA Aleksandar Shivarov BSNN Marta Pascual BC3 Elena Ojea BC3 Authors & Anil Markandya BC3 Benjamin Boteler Ecologic Institute Institutes Acronyms Max Grünig Ecologic Institute Shirra Freeman HU José A Jiménez UPC-LIM Herminia I. Valdemoro UPC-LIM Eduard Ariza UPC-LIM Martí Puig UPC-CERTEC Rosa Mari Darbra UPC-CERTEC Joaquim Casal UPC-CERTEC Status: Final (F) June 2013, updated August 2013 (v18) Draft (D) Revised draft (RV) Dissemination level: Public (PU) • Restricted to other program participants (PP) Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (RE) Confidential, only for members of the consortium (CO) - 2 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D2.2 CONTENTS Executive summary / Abstract ............................................................................................ 13 Scope ........................................................................................................................................... -
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 223 / Monday, November 18, 1996 / Notices 58689
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 223 / Monday, November 18, 1996 / Notices 58689 [DA 96±1752] procedures, the International Bureau facilities or to particular countries for was required to establish and maintain those carriers receiving a global Section Streamlining the International Section an exclusion list identifying restrictions 214 authorization, is hereby adopted. 214 Authorization Process and Tariff on providing service using particular 6. This Order is issued under 0.261 of Requirements facilities or to particular countries for the Commission's Rules and is effective AGENCY: Federal Communications those carriers receiving a global Section upon adoption. Petitions for Commission. 214 authorization. On July 6, 1996, the reconsideration under § 1.106 or Commission adopted the exclusion list. applications for review under § 1.115 of ACTION: Notice. (Exclusion List Order adopted on July the Commission's Rules may be filed SUMMARY: On October 22, 1996, the 26, 1996, 61 FR 50023 (September 24, within 30 days of the date of the public International Bureau of the Federal 1996)). notice of this Order (see 47 CFR Communications Commission adopted 2. On October 22, 1996, the State 1.4(b)(2)). an Order on Reconsideration modifying Department notified the Bureau that it Federal Communications Commission would support the removal of CANUS± the Order adopting the exclusion list in Diane J. Cornell, this proceeding (Exclusion List Order 1 from the exclusion list, provided that the conditions of the cable landing Chief, Telecommunications Division, adopted on July 26, 1996). The International Bureau. Commission modified the exclusion list license granted to OPTEL are not by removing CANUS±1 from the modified. -
Cyta's Stabilising the Region's Telecommunication Needs, Khaleej
CYPRUS Stabilising the region’s telecommunication needs Cytaglobal implements state- com Italia Sparkle announced a new KIMONAS subsea cable subsystem that of-the-art networks to link links Cyprus and Crete. KIMONAS is Cyta’s Cyprus and neighbouring first wholly-owned optical fibre cable subsystem that connects Cyprus and Greece. countries to the world The subsystem, which connects Cyta’s cable station in Pentaskhinos with MedNautilus Cyta, a leading telecommunications opera- Cable Station in Chania, complements tor in Cyprus, provides the full spectrum of alternative Cyta’s segments on the advanced telecommunication products and MedNautilus subsea cable network, and in services, covering fixed and mobile voice particular, the MINERVA and ATHENA and data communications, Internet, IPTV, rings that connect Cyprus with Sicily, and broadband and value added services. Athens with Crete, respectively. Cytaglobal, a strategic business unit under Extending to Athens through the ATHENA Cyta's National and International Wholesale ring and beyond to Bulgaria via Thessalon- Market Division, manages related activities iki, by utilising fibre infrastructure of whol- and specialises in providing global electron- network that connects Cyprus with neigh- ly-owned subsidiary Cyta Hellas in Greece, ic communication products and services. bouring countries including Greece, Italy, KIMONAS will facilitate the creation of a new The organisation operates an extensive Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, and thereafter with telecommunications corridor, connecting satellite network with three teleport sites, the rest of the world. the Balkans and Central Europe with Egypt and more than 30 major satellite antennas, This cable network uses state-of-the-art and other Middle East destinations, via providing connectivity with major satellite technology, full restoration and diversity, Cyprus. -
In This Issue
58 j u l y Voice 2011 of the ISSN 1948-3031 Industry Regional Systems Edition In This Issue: The State of Submarine Cables in Africa The Communications Blockade SubOptic 2013 – April in Paris ISSN 1948-3031 Submarine Telecoms Forum is published bimonthly by WFN Strategies. The publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, in whole or in part, very year at this time I have a the placement of the maillot jaune on a without the permission of the publishers. problem of focus. Since the 2nd Frenchmen on Bastille Day in real time Submarine Telecoms Forum is an independent com mercial publication, of July my mind has found it while sitting at my desk in Virginia serving as a freely accessible forum for E difficult to stay concentrated on the job seems not only fitting, but also makes one professionals in industries connected with submarine optical fibre technologies and at hand. Emails have gone unanswered; mindful of the things we in our industry techniques. phone messages have not been promptly make possible every day. Liability: while every care is taken in preparation of this publication, the actioned; the staff has noticed a certain publishers cannot be held responsible for So, call or email after the 24th and I promise the accuracy of the information herein, or vacuous look in my eyes. Even a week at any errors which may occur in advertising to be more attentive and engaged. In the or editorial content, or any consequence the beach has not positively impacted. arising from any errors or omissions. -
ITU-Dstudygroups
ITU-D Study Groups Study period 2018-2021 Broadband development and connectivity solutions for rural and Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ remote areas ICTs for rural and remote areas Executive summary This annual deliverable reviews major backbone telecommunication Annual deliverable infrastructure installation efforts and approaches to last-mile connectivity, 2019-2020 describes current trends in last-mile connectivity and policy interventions and recommended last-mile technologies for use in rural and remote areas, as well as in small island developing States (SIDS). Discussions and contributions made during a workshop on broadband development in rural areas, held in September 2019, have been included in this document, which concludes with two sets of high-level recommendations for regulators and policy-makers, and for operators to use as guidelines for connecting rural and remote communities. 1 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction 3 Trends in telecommunication/ICT backbone infrastructure 4 Last mile-connectivity 5 Trends in last-mile connectivity 6 Business regulatory models and policies 7 Recommendations and guidelines for regulators and policy-makers 8 Recommendations and guidelines for operators 9 Annex 1: Map of the global submarine cable network 11 Annex 2: Listing of submarine cables (A-Y) 12 2 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Introduction The telecommunications/ICT sector and technologies have evolved over a long period of time, starting with ancient communication systems such as drum beating and smoke signals to the electric telegraph, the fixed telephone, radio and television, transistors, video telephony and satellite. -
Cyta's Satellite Services
Cyta’s Satellite Services page 1 Introduction to Cyta Cyta is a government corporate body and the dominant telecommunications operator in Cyprus A customer-driven enterprise operating in a competitive market Provides the full spectrum of advanced telecommunications products & services, at competitive prices Turnover: € 448m, Profit: € 67m before tax (2012, un-audited) Long term profitability & no debts Number of employees: approx. 2,900 page 2 Cyta’s Major Retail Products & Subsidiaries The major provider of fixed and mobile communications in the Cyprus market Number One Internet Service Provider IP/MPLS/Ethernet backbone network- convergence of networks and services ADSL access to Cyta's broadband network Digital television to the home over ADSL Hellas Major Subsidiary Companies in Cyprus & Abroad page 3 Cyta’s International Network International core network over SDH, Ethernet & IP/MPLS Two international switching centers A regional internet node (Cytanet) Two Teleport sites with more than 30 major antennas Three cable stations with 9 submarine cable systems Global international connectivity Direct circuits with major Operators Full redundancy & diversity Nicosia Paralimni Larnaca A modern network management Troodos Ermis Ayia Napa Ugarit (Syria) & operations center Athena Paphos Makarios (Italy & Greece) Yeroskipos Pentaskhinos Minerva Limassol (Italy & Europe) Athena Cios (Italy & Greece) Cadmos (Israel) Sea Me We 3 Alexandros (Lebanon) (Europe & Asia) Minerva (France & Egypt) (Italy & Europe) page 4 Major International Fiber Systems Major international fiber systems connect Cyprus to Europe & the rest of the World Alexandros, a new system to France and Egypt with 96λ capacity in each direction Minerva to Greece, Italy and thereafter to W. Europe SMW3 from Australia, Japan & South East Asia to W. -
Pipeline Reconnaissance Survey
GQF10A – FRONT PAGE FORM Revision: 01 Gas Pipeline lnterconnection Malta-Italy Project File: Form Rev. & Date 08-EN - 2016/05/18 PSA - UXOS, CABLES PIPELINE RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY Gas Pipeline lnterconnection Malta-Italy Project REPORT Determination of positions of UXOs and cables GAS PIPELINE INTERCONNECTION MALTA-ITALY POST SURVEY ASSESSMENTS Produced by : Lighthouse S.p.A. - Bologna - Italy Contract No. : CT3110/2018 Survey Area : Sicily Strait Survey Period : Feb./March 2019 IDP Delivery Date File Name Revision MEW001 13/09/2019 UXOs, Cables - Final Final MEW001 30/08/2019 MEW001_WP2_DUWC_FINAL_Rev00.doc Final LIGHTHOUSE document control Prepared by Checked by Approved by G. Sallese M. Bernardi E. Lozza CUSTOMER document control Project Number Checked by Approved by Date Contract n. CT3110/2018 GAS PIPELINE INTERCONNECTION MALTA-ITALY POST SURVEY ASSESSMENT DETERMINATION OF POSITIONS OF UXOS AND CABLES Issued Checked by Approved by Date IDP File: Rev. 01 G.Sallese M.Bernardi E.Lozza 13/09/2019 MEW001 PSA - UXOs, Cables P. 2/ 63 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0.0 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................... 4 1.1.0 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 4 1.2.0 ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... 4 2.0.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................. 5 2.1.0 INTRODUCTION -
Cyprus Trade Centre
CYPRUS KT CONNECT SPECIAL REPORT|DECEMBER 18, 2016 Promising FUTURE Thenationiswell-positionedto embarkonanew eraofsustainable economic growth CYPRUS SPECIAL REPORT DECEMBER 18, 2016 Gatewaytothe West Editor Vaman VassudevKamat Supplements Editor SuchitraStevenSamuel Assistant Editor IshtiaqAli Mehkri Reporter Farhana Chowdhury Senior Designers Mohammad Ejaz Khan MAAroos Mohamed Imaging VenugopalPrabhu Aurangzeb Baloch FACILITATING Senior Adverisement Manager CONTENTS Mamta Pillai TRADE Assistant AdvertisementManager (Supplements) 4 TheCyprus turn-around DP World and the Bilal Saeed Cyprus is well-positioned to embark on Government of the Senior Account Group Manager anew eraofsustainable economic growth DebashishShome Republic ofCyprus 6 Cyprus in your heart recentlysignedtwo Circulation Manager Theislandisthe perfect holiday destination separate concession Constance Louis Moraes in anyseason andfor adiversity of tastes agreements forthe andinterests commercialisation of Systems Manager activities within the Mohan Kumar Shetty 8 Pride with perfection Limassol Port in Cyprus Cyprus hasadynamicfutureinterms of DUBAI HEADOFFICE tradeand commerce with theUAE andthe DPWorld Limassol has been awarded P.O. Box11243,Tel: +971 43383535, regionbeyond Fax: +971 43383345/46, an exclusive25-year concession to E-mail: [email protected], operatethe multipurpose terminal at Website: www.khaleejtimes.com 11 Stabilising the region’s which operations include break-bulk, ABU DHABI telecommunication needs general cargo, roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) -
Cyta's Undersea Cable Hub in the Eastern Mediterranean
CARRIER SERVICES Cyta’s Undersea Cable Hub in the Eastern Mediterranean By Andreas Ioannou, Head of International Networks Promotion, Cytaglobal and Egypt and thereafter with the rest of the world. This cable network uses state-of-the-art technology and full restoration and diversity and currently includes the following undersea fibre optic systems that land in Cyprus at three separate cable Andreas Ioannou, stations, namely Ayia Napa, Pentaskhinos and Yeroskipos: Head of International Networks Promotion, Cytaglobal • CIOS: a repeaterless SDH cable system connecting Cyprus yprus Telecommunications Authority (Cyta) is directly with Israel. the primary telecommunications provider in • CADMOS: a repeaterless cable system of SDH technology CCyprus. Its product portfolio covers the whole connecting Cyprus directly with two separate landing spectrum of electronic communications ranging stations in Lebanon. from fixed and mobile telephony to internet service • UGARIT: a repeaterless SDH cable system directly provision and broadband applications. Cyta, through connecting Cyprus and Syria and via terrestrial its strategic business unit Cytaglobal, is particularly extensions, with Jordan. UGARIT and CADMOS systems active in the area of international undersea fibre optic together with the BERYTAR cable system (Beirut – cables, providing wholesale products and services on a Tartous) are fully integrated into a secure self-healing global basis, and has established Cyprus as a regional ring, interconnecting Cyprus with Lebanon and Syria. telecommunications hub in the Eastern Mediterranean. Taking advantage of the island’s strategic geographical ALASIA will link Cyprus and Syria and add an alternate position, Cytaglobal has developed an extensive undersea route to the Ugarit system which already connects the two fibre optic cable network, which connects Cyprus with the countries.