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Preliminary Identification of Pressures of the Coastal Seas in Socio-Economic Terms Gap Analysis on Data and Knowledge Deliverable Nr

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Preliminary Identification of Pressures of the Coastal Seas in Socio-Economic Terms Gap Analysis on Data and Knowledge Deliverable Nr PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D2.2 Preliminary identification of pressures of the coastal seas in socio-economic terms Gap Analysis on data and knowledge Deliverable Nr. 2.2 - 1 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D2.2 Project Full title Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern EUropean Seas Project Acronym PERSEUS Grant Agreement No. 287600 Coordinator Dr. E. Papathanassiou Project start date and duration 1st January 2012, 48 months Project website www.perseus-net.eu Deliverable Nr. 2.2 Deliverable Date T11 Work Package No 2 Work Package Title Pressures and impacts at coastal level Responsible Jean François CADIOU Didier Sauzade Plan Bleu Areti Kontogianni AEGEAN Michalis Skourtos AEGEAN Dimitris Damigos AEGEAN and NTUA Aleksandar Shivarov BSNN Marta Pascual BC3 Elena Ojea BC3 Authors & Anil Markandya BC3 Benjamin Boteler Ecologic Institute Institutes Acronyms Max Grünig Ecologic Institute Shirra Freeman HU José A Jiménez UPC-LIM Herminia I. Valdemoro UPC-LIM Eduard Ariza UPC-LIM Martí Puig UPC-CERTEC Rosa Mari Darbra UPC-CERTEC Joaquim Casal UPC-CERTEC Status: Final (F) June 2013, updated August 2013 (v18) Draft (D) Revised draft (RV) Dissemination level: Public (PU) • Restricted to other program participants (PP) Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (RE) Confidential, only for members of the consortium (CO) - 2 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D2.2 CONTENTS Executive summary / Abstract ............................................................................................ 13 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 13 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 The PERSEUS and MSFD contexts .................................................................................... 14 1.2 Focusing on the coastal areas, an ecosystem evidence ........................................... 15 1.3 In contradiction with the jurisdictional responsibility ........................................... 16 1.4 Deliverable content ................................................................................................................. 16 2 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Main concepts ............................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 Spatial considerations ............................................................................................................ 22 2.2.1 Mediterranean sub regions ......................................................................................... 23 2.2.2 Coastal and open waters .............................................................................................. 25 2.2.3 The WP6 Pilot Cases ...................................................................................................... 26 2.3 Scope of the Analysis .............................................................................................................. 27 3 Data ...................................................................................................................................... 29 3.1 Data sources ............................................................................................................................... 29 3.2 National initial assessment of Member States ............................................................ 29 3.2.1 Progress of the MSFD initial assessments ............................................................ 29 3.2.2 Case of Greece ................................................................................................................... 31 3.3 Other data sources: ................................................................................................................. 31 3.4 Gap analysis on data ............................................................................................................... 32 4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 33 4.1 Fisheries ....................................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.2 Sector and socio-economic analysis ....................................................................... 35 4.1.3 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................... 52 4.1.4 Gap analysis ....................................................................................................................... 54 4.1.5 Inventory of data sources ............................................................................................ 54 4.2 Aquaculture ................................................................................................................................ 55 4.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 55 4.2.2 Sector and socioeconomic analysis ......................................................................... 56 4.2.3 Sector and socio-economic analysis by subregions ......................................... 65 4.2.4 Environmental Impacts ................................................................................................ 68 4.2.5 Gap Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 69 4.2.6 Inventory of data sources ............................................................................................ 69 4.3 Maritime transport & ports, Cruises ................................................................................ 71 4.3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 71 - 3 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D2.2 4.3.2 Sector and socioeconomic analysis ......................................................................... 73 4.3.3 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................... 84 4.3.4 Case study: small and medium ports of the Catalan coast ............................ 86 4.3.5 Gap analysis ....................................................................................................................... 89 4.4 Recreational activities, coastal tourism ......................................................................... 91 4.4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 91 4.4.2 Sector and socioeconomic analysis ......................................................................... 92 4.4.3 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................ 103 4.4.4 Gap analysis .................................................................................................................... 111 4.5 Submarine cable and pipeline operations .................................................................. 112 4.5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 112 4.5.2 Sector and socioeconomic analysis for the Mediterranean ....................... 113 4.5.3 Sector and socioeconomic analysis for the Black Sea .................................. 122 4.5.4 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................ 130 4.5.5 Gap Analysis ................................................................................................................... 132 4.6 Marine hydrocarbon (oil and gas) extraction ........................................................... 133 4.6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 133 4.6.2 Sector and socioeconomic analysis for the Mediterranean ....................... 133 4.6.3 Sector and socioeconomic analysis for the Black Sea .................................. 143 4.6.4 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................ 144 4.6.5 Gap Analysis ................................................................................................................... 146 4.7 Desalinisation ......................................................................................................................... 149 4.7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 149 4.7.2 Water production ......................................................................................................... 151 4.7.3 Socio-economic costs of water production ....................................................... 154 4.7.4 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................ 155 4.7.5 Gap Analysis ................................................................................................................... 160 4.8 Population, Urban areas
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