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Pressures in the SES Open Waters in Socio-‐ Economic Terms Gap

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Pressures in the SES Open Waters in Socio-‐ Economic Terms Gap PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D1.2 Pressures in the SES open waters in socio- economic terms Gap Analysis on data and knowledge Deliverable Nr. 1.2 - 1 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D1.2 Project Full title Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern EUropean Seas Project Acronym PERSEUS Grant Agreement No. 287600 Coordinator Dr. E. Papathanassiou Project start date and duration 1st January 2012, 48 months Project website www.perseus-net.eu Deliverable Nr. 1.2 Deliverable Date T11 Work Package No 1 Work Package Title Pressures and impacts at basin and sub-basin scale Responsible Xavier Durrieu de Madron Didier Sauzade Plan Bleu Areti Kontogianni AEGEAN Michalis Skourtos AEGEAN Aleksandar Shivarov BSNN Marta Pascual BC3 Elena Ojea BC3 Authors & Anil Markandya BC3 Institutes Acronyms Benjamin Boteler Ecologic Institute Max Grünig Ecologic Institute José A Jiménez UPC-LIM Herminia I. Valdemoro UPC-LIM Martí Puig UPC-CERTEC Rosa Mari Darbra UPC-CERTEC Joaquim Casal UPC-CERTEC Status: Final (F) May 2013, updated July 2013 (v6) Draft (D) Revised draft (RV) Dissemination level: Public (PU) • Restricted to other program participants (PP) Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (RE) Confidential, only for members of the consortium (CO) - 2 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D1.2 CONTENTS Executive summary / Abstract ............................................................................................... 7 Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 7 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 The PERSEUS and MSFD contexts ....................................................................................... 8 1.2 Focusing on the open waters, an ecosystem evidence ............................................... 9 1.3 In contradiction with the jurisdictional responsibility ........................................... 10 1.4 Deliverable content ................................................................................................................. 11 2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Main concepts ............................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Spatial considerations ............................................................................................................ 16 2.2.1 Mediterranean sub regions ......................................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Coastal and open waters .............................................................................................. 19 2.2.3 The WP6 Pilot Cases ...................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Scope of the Analysis .............................................................................................................. 22 3 DATA ................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Data sources ............................................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Progress of the National Initial assessment of Member States ............................ 24 3.2.1 Case of Greece ................................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Other data sources: ................................................................................................................. 24 3.4 Gap analysis on data ............................................................................................................... 25 4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 26 4.1 Fisheries ....................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.2 Sector and socio-economic analysis ....................................................................... 28 4.1.3 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................... 38 4.1.4 Gap analysis ....................................................................................................................... 40 4.1.5 Inventory of data sources ............................................................................................ 40 4.2 Maritime transport, Cruises ................................................................................................ 41 4.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 41 4.2.2 Sector and socioeconomic analysis ......................................................................... 43 4.2.3 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................... 53 4.2.4 Gap analysis ....................................................................................................................... 55 4.3 Submarine cable and pipeline operations ..................................................................... 57 4.3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 57 4.3.2 Sector and socioeconomic analysis for the Mediterranean .......................... 58 4.3.3 Sector and socioeconomic analysis for the Black Sea ..................................... 66 4.3.4 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................... 74 - 3 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D1.2 4.3.5 Gap Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 76 4.4 Marine hydrocarbon (oil and gas) extraction .............................................................. 76 4.4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 76 4.4.2 Sector and socioeconomic analysis for the Mediterranean .......................... 77 4.4.3 Sector and socioeconomic analysis for the Black Sea ..................................... 84 4.4.4 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................... 85 4.4.5 Gap Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 88 5 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................... 90 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 92 FIGURES Figure 1. DPSIR and DPSWR diagrams. ........................................................................................... 13 Figure 2. Conceptual Framework of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA, 2003) ............................................................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 3. MSFD and MAP Mediterranean sub-regions. Source: UNEP/MAP, 2011. ...... 18 Figure 4. The four WP6 Pilot Cases. ................................................................................................... 22 Figure 5. International seaborne trade, selected years. Source: Adapted from United Nations, 2011. .............................................................................................................................................. 44 Figure 6. Gross weight of seaborne goods handled in EU ports (in million tonnes). Source: Eurostat, 2012a. ......................................................................................................................... 45 Figure 7. Number of passengers embarked and disembarked in EU ports. Source: Eurostat, 2012a .......................................................................................................................................... 46 Figure 8. Gross weight of goods handled in Mediterranean, Black Sea and EU ports from 2001 to 2010. Source: Eurostat, 2012b. ............................................................................... 47 Figure 9. Cumulative number of km of submarine telecommunication cables posed in the Mediterranean, 1957-2011 (ICPC, 2010; Telecom Egypt, 2011). ................................. 59 Figure 10. Submarine cables map taken from TeleGeography (Available at: http://www.submarinecablemap.com/; accessed 07/01/2013). ....................................... 60 Figure 11. Mediterranean and African Undersea Cables (info from http://wikitel.info/wiki/Cable_submarino). ................................................................................. 61 Figure 12. Oil and Gas transport in Europe (Nies, 2011). ........................................................ 64 Figure 13. Schematic Map of the Black Sea Oil Transit Routes (IEA, 2005). .................... 70 Figure 14. Schematic Map of Black Sea Natural-Gas-Transit Routes
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