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A000503 原教界no.37 Cover グローバルな視野で民族を見る Global 全球視野 Scope for Ethnos 看民族 南島語系 北婆羅語支 諸民族（三） オーストロネシア語族――北ボルネオ諸語の民族（三） Austronesian Language Family: Ethnos of North Borneo Language Group (III) 文．圖︱編輯部 21 16 27 22 汶萊 20 18 8 斗湖省 林夢省 內陸省 26 24 26 20 4 17 7 3 19 25 27 SOUTH CHINA 美里省 1 20 Philippines 44 15 53 2 27 51 10 13 14 SEA 9 47 30 14 11 23 51 10 49 52 44 34 CELEBES SEA 53 23 52 48 48 加帛省 37 32 50 45 43 41 35 33 39 31 50 36 38 36 29 42 36 40 50 西加里曼丹省 29 28 50 36 東加里曼丹省 印尼 MAKASSAR STRAIT 70 原教界2011年2月號37期 原教界37-0312.indd 70 2011/3/12 上午2:23 南島語系 北婆羅語支 諸民族（三） 南島語系 北婆羅語支總共有4個語群，前期已介紹3群，本期介紹北部砂勞越 語群（North Sarawakan），共計53族。其中26族分布於印尼的加里 北婆羅語支 諸民族（三） 曼丹，25族分布於馬來西亞的砂勞越州及沙巴州，2族分布於汶萊。 SOUTH CHINA SEA Malaysia 21 16 27 Timur 22 汶萊 20 18 8 斗湖省 林夢省 內陸省 26 24 26 20 4 17 7 3 19 25 27 SOUTH CHINA 美里省 1 20 Philippines 44 15 53 2 27 51 10 13 14 SEA 9 47 30 14 11 23 51 10 49 52 44 34 CELEBES SEA 53 23 52 48 48 加帛省 37 32 50 45 43 41 35 33 39 31 50 36 38 36 29 42 36 40 50 西加里曼丹省 29 28 50 36 東加里曼丹省 印尼 MAKASSAR STRAIT Kalimantan MAKASSAR STRAIT 原教界2011年2月號37期 71 原教界37-0312.indd 71 2011/3/12 上午2:23 グローバルな視野で民族を見る Global 全球視野 Scope for Ethnos 看民族 斗湖省 Tawau 內陸省 Interior 林夢省 Limbang SOUTH Sabah 美里省 Brunei Miri CHINA 加帛省 SEA Kapit Sarawak Indonesia MAKASSAR STRAIT 汶萊 Muara，首都所在地）、淡布倫（Temburong）。 「區」下再劃分為mukim。首都斯里貝加灣市 Negara Brunei Darussalam （Bandar Seri Begawan）同時是最大城，近4成國 國名通稱為Brunei（汶萊），正式國名為 民居於此。 「汶萊和平國（Negara Brunei Darussalam）」， 官方語言是汶萊馬來語，其他較為通行的 在婆羅洲北岸，1984年1月1日起自英國完全獨立 語言為英語、華語和Bahasa Rojak（以馬來語為 迄今。面積5,765平方公里（水域占8.6％），國 基礎的混合語）。伊斯蘭教為國教，蘇丹（穆 土被馬來西亞砂勞越州林夢省（Limbang）分割 斯林君主稱號）是宗教領袖。實行馬來伊斯蘭 成兩部分。人口約40萬（2010年7月），7成5集 君主制（MIB），由馬來文化、伊斯蘭信仰、君 中於市鎮。下轄4個daerah（區）──白拉奕 主政體這3大要素組成。 （Belait）、都東（Tutong）、汶萊麻拉（Brunei- 馬來人是汶萊的最大民族集團，占66.3％， 72 原教界2011年2月號37期 原教界37-0312.indd 72 2011/3/12 上午2:23 南島語系 北婆羅語支 諸民族（三） 華人以11.2％居次，原住民族占3.4％。汶萊因過 舉的雙手象徵政府促 去有英軍駐紮（曾是英國的「保護國」）、盛 進福利、和平與繁榮 產石油等因素，遂形成一個大型的英國人與澳 的承諾，彎月上是以 洲人聚落。 爪夷文書寫的國家格 汶萊馬來人，又稱汶萊族，分為3個群 言「Sentiasa membuat 汶萊馬來、Kedayan、Kampong Ayer。汶萊馬來 kebajikan dengan 群分布於首都、汶萊麻拉區和沿海地帶， petunjuk Allah（永遠 Kedayan群分布在汶萊麻拉區西部和都東區。馬 服膺真神指引）」，而彎月下方則寫著汶萊的 來西亞的沙巴也有族人。汶萊馬來語與Kampong 完整國名。 Ayer語的詞彙相似度為9成5，汶萊馬來語的詞彙 聖 經人 民 口 族 數 語 本 與標準馬來語有8成互通。汶萊馬來群和Kedayan 群的族人被汶萊政府認定為原住民，族稱為 15萬以上 阿美族 。 排灣族 Orang Bukit 泰雅族 全國有三分之二信仰伊斯蘭教， ％為佛 5萬以上 布農族 13 12 【倫巴彎族】Lun Bawang 47,500 27 【迪東族】Tidong 47,000 教徒，主要信仰人口為華人，10％為基督徒，約 50 【主系肯雅族】Kenyah, Mainstream 32,000 23 【博龍安族】Bolongan 30,000 ％宣稱無特定宗教信仰，也是以華人為主，但 2萬以上 太魯閣族 7 28 【巴浩族】Bahau 19,000 8 【都東族】Tutong 16,600 他們大多奉行糅和佛教、儒教和道教的傳統信 36 【莫當族】Modang 15,300 20 【達告-毛律族】Tagal Murut 15,000 仰，約 ％信奉原住民族傳統信仰。 魯凱族 2 1萬以上 卑南族 45 【瓦浩-肯雅族】Kenyah, Wahau 8,000 16 【根地咬-毛律族】Keningau Murut 7,000 21 【提姆功-毛律族】Timugon Murut 7,000 51 【東部本南族】Penan, Eastern 6,455 鄒族 國旗 13 【布佗族】Putoh 6,000 賽夏族 25 【星巴功-毛律族】Sembakung Murut 5,180 5千以上 17 【奧克陸耳族】Okolod 4,970 汶萊國旗以黃色為底，代表汶萊蘇丹，白 9 【民都魯族】Bintulu 4,200 30 【巴南-加央族】Kayan, Baram 4,150 色和黑色斜線長條紋分別代表政府兩大官員─ 52 【西部本南族】Penan, Western 3,400 雅美族 34 【拉讓-加央族】Kayan, Rejang 3,030 18 【巴魯安族】Paluan 3,000 ─首席大臣和副首相（其實就是國王和總 31 【務桑-加央族】Kayan, Busang 3,000 49 【隆-歐瑪族】Uma Lung 3,000 3千以上 理），中央是紅色國徽。 22 【保坎族】Bookan 2,760 48 【拉閃-歐瑪族】Uma Lasan 2,750 38 【澳橫族】Aoheng 2,630 5 【基布特族】Kiput 2,460 7 【納容姆族】Narom 2,420 24 【加拉巴坎族】Kalabakan 2,230 10 【加拉畢族】Kelabit 2,140 32 【加央河-加央族】Kayan, Kayan River 2,000 37 【色艾族】Segai 2,000 53 【杜埔-布南族】Punan Tubu 2,000 14 【沙班族】Sa ban 1,960 47 【習卜族】Sebop 1,730 33 【曼達蘭-加央族】Kayan, Mendalam 1,500 29 【瑪哈坎-加央族】Kayan Mahakam 1,300 19 【色魯睚-毛律族】Selungai Murut 1,240 44 【沐歷族】Murik 1,120 2 【東部貝拉萬族】Berawan, East 1,100 噶瑪蘭族 4 【白拉奕族】Belait 1,000 39 【禾沃岡族】Hovongan 1,000 1千以上 3 【西部貝拉萬族】Berawan, West 720 1 【中部貝拉萬族】Berawan, Central 710 46 【隆-瓦特族】Long Wat 600 邵族 15 【德令族】Tring 550 國徽 35 【瓦浩-加央族】Kayan, Wahau 500 40 【克熱荷族】Kereho 500 5百以上 43 【物結族】Bukat 400 國徽主體為象徵伊斯蘭教的彎月，加上代 41 【阿擘-布南族】Punan Aput 370 26 【色魯洞-毛律族】Serudung Murut 350 撒奇萊雅族 42 【梅拉赫-布南族】Punan Merah 140 1百以上 表王室的遮陽傘，象徵君主政體，傘杆則象徵 11 【菱奇魯族】Lengilu 4 1百以下 6 【樂拉克族】Lelak 0 國家，其上的旗子和傘代表忠於國家，兩側上 原教界2011年2月號37期 73 原教界37-0312.indd 73 2011/3/12 上午2:23 グローバルな視野で民族を見る 福爾摩沙語族Global 全球視野 Scope for Ethnos 看民族 貝拉萬語 福爾摩沙語族 5【基布特族】Kiput 中東部貝拉萬語 1-Berawan, Central 人口 人（ 年）。分布 2-Berawan, East A 2,460 1983 貝拉萬-低地巴冉語貝拉萬語 馬來西亞，砂勞越州東北岸， 1【中部貝拉萬族】Berawan, Central 中東部貝拉萬語 1-Berawan, Central 美里省，馬帝（Marudi）周邊。語 2-Berawan, East A 人口3-Berawan,人（ West年）。分B 貝拉萬-低地巴冉語 710 2007 言 分為2種話——Long Kiput 布 馬來西亞，砂勞越州。語 3-Berawan, West B 語、Long Tutoh語。與納容姆語、 低地巴冉語 言4-Belait分為2種話──Batu Belah 樂拉克語（Lelak）、都東語、白 低地巴冉語 4-Belait Berawan5-Kiput語、Long Teru Berawan 5-Kiput 中部語 拉奕語、貝拉萬諸語相關。 南島語系南島語系 中部語 6-Lelak C 6-Lelak C 語。近似東部貝拉萬語和西部貝 6【樂拉克族】Lelak 7-Narom 7-Narom 8-Tutong 拉萬語。族語在家庭和聚落使 8-Tutong 人口 族語人口已滅絕。分布 福爾摩沙語族 用。 馬來西亞，砂勞越州， 民都魯語 9-Bintulu D Tinjar 2【東部貝拉萬族】Berawan, East 河岸的Long Teru和Sungai Bunen 民都魯語加拉畢語 10-Kelabit 9-Bintulu D 又稱 Long Jegan Berawan （分布於Loagan Bunut湖地 岱語 11-Lengilu 12-Lun Bawang 族。人口 1,100人（2007 區）。語言 使用樂拉克語， 13-Putoh加拉畢語貝拉萬語 E 10-Kelabit 14-Sa’ban 年）。分布 馬來西亞，砂勞 與納容姆語相關。族人多轉用貝 馬來｜玻里尼西亞語族 15-Tring 11-Lengilu 岱語 越州。語言 近似中部貝拉萬 拉萬諸語。 中東部貝拉萬語 1-Berawan,12-Lun Bawang Central 毛律語 16-Keningau Murut 語和西部貝拉萬語。族語在家庭A 7【納容姆族】Narom 17-Okolod 2-Berawan,13-Putoh East E 福爾摩沙語族 和聚落使用。 貝拉萬-低地巴冉語毛律語 18-Paluan 14-Sa’ban 又稱 Narum族。人口 2,420 馬來｜玻里尼西亞語族 19-Selungai Murut F 20-Tagal Murut 3-Berawan,15-Tring West 人（1981年）。分布 馬來西 21-Timugon Murut B 北部砂勞越語群 福爾摩沙語族 亞，砂勞越州，巴南（Baram） 北部語 3【西部貝拉萬族】Berawan, West 北婆羅語支 22- Bookan毛律語貝拉萬語 16-Keningau Murut 河河口南方，美里市及以南。 低地巴冉語G 4-Belait 又稱17-OkolodBerawan族、 Long Terawan 8【都東族】Tutong 23-Bolongan 5-Kiput 中部語毛律語中東部貝拉萬語 族。人口1-Berawan,18-Paluan720 人（ Central2007年）。 南島語系 迪東語 24-Kalabakan 6-Lelak C 又稱 Tutung族。汶萊政府認 25-Sembakung Murut H 分布2-Berawan,19-Selungai馬來西亞，砂勞越州。 East貝拉萬語Murut AF 26-Serudung Murut 7-Narom 定為原住民族。人口 16,600 貝拉萬-低地巴冉語 20-Tagal Murut 27-Tidong 語言 使用西部貝拉萬語，接 8-Tutong 中東部貝拉萬語 人（2006年）。分布 汶萊， 加央語 近中部貝拉萬語和東部貝拉萬21-Timugon Murut 1-Berawan, Central 28-Bahau 3-Berawan, West Tutong鎮周邊海岸地帶，以及都 北部砂勞越語群 B 2-Berawan, East A 29-Kayan 北部語Mahakam 語。族語僅在家庭和聚落使用。 30-Kayan, Baram貝拉萬-低地巴冉語 9-Bintulu 東 區 中 部 。 語 言 使 用 都 東 北婆羅語支民都魯語加央本族語 22- Bookan D 31-低地巴冉語Kayan, Busang I 4-Belait G 語，族語詞彙與白拉奕語54%相 32-Kayan, Kayan River 3-Berawan, West 33-Kayan, Mendalam 5-Kiput 似；與汶萊米薩亞語（Brunei B 34-Kayan,加拉畢語中部語 Rejang 10-Kelabit 南島語系 6-Lelak23-Bolongan 35-Kayan, Wahau 11-Lengilu C Bisaya）不同。為外族人的外語 岱語 迪東語 7-Narom24-Kalabakan 低地巴冉語 4-Belait 莫當語 12-Lun Bawang 之一，40歲以下父母有63%對小 36-Modang 8-Tutong25-Sembakung Murut H 5-Kiput 37-Segai J 13-Putoh 中部語 E 孩說族語，通婚家庭有48%族人 南島語系 26-Serudung Murut 6-Lelak C 4【白拉奕族】14-Sa’banBelait 對小孩講汶萊馬來語。對族語持 38-Aoheng 27-Tidong 馬來｜玻里尼西亞語族 穆勒-斯赫瓦納 9-Bintulu 7-Narom 民都魯語-布南語1 39-Hovongan 又稱15-TringBalait Jati族、LemetingD 積極態度。詞書 有。宗教 40-Kereho加央語 8-Tutong 加央-肯雅語群 K 族、Meting族。汶萊政府認定為 41-Punan Aput 28-Bahau 伊斯蘭教。 42-Punan Merah 原住民族。人口16-Keningau Murut汶萊族人有 穆勒-斯赫瓦納 加拉畢語毛律語 29-10-KelabitKayan Mahakam -布南語2 民都魯語 17-Okolod 9-Bintulu 1,00030-11-LengiluKayan,人。信奉伊斯蘭教的族人 Baram D 岱語 43-Bukat 加央本族語 L 毛律語 12-Lun18-Paluan Bawang 傾向認同馬來人；非穆斯林族人31-Kayan, Busang 9【民都魯族】Bintulu 沐歷-加央語 19-Selungai加拉畢語 Murut EFI 44-Murik M 的本族認同較強。與米薩亞人32-13-PutohKayan, Kayan River 10-Kelabit 20-Tagal Murut 人口 4,200人（1981年）。分 肯雅語 岱語 （33-14-Sa’banBisayaKayan,）和華人通婚頻繁。分布 Mendalam 11-Lengilu 馬來｜玻里尼西亞語族 45-Kenyah, Wahau 21-Timugon Murut 布12-Lun馬來西亞，砂勞越州東北 Bawang 加央-肯雅語 46-Long Wat 34-15-TringKayan, Rejang N 汶萊，散布於白拉奕（Belait） 北部砂勞越語群 47-Sebop 岸，美里省，尼亞（Niah）鎮以E 北部語 35-Kayan, Wahau 13-Putoh 區，以及都東（Tutong）區的 西、鄰近民都魯（ ）市的 北婆羅語支 22-16-Keningau Bookan Murut 14-Sa’ban Bintulu 上游普朱安語 48-Uma’毛律語 Lasan 。馬來西亞，砂G 馬來｜玻里尼西亞語族莫當語 O Kampung Kiudang 實務地（Sibuti），以及砂州西 49-Uma’ Lung 36-Modang17-Okolod 15-Tring 毛律語 勞18-Paluan 越 州 。 語 言 使 用 白 拉J 奕 岸2個小聚落。語言 使用民都 23-Bolongan37-Segai 50-Kenyah, Mainstream P 語，與基布特語（19-Selungai KiputMurut）和納容 F 魯語，有學者認為應歸類為16-Keningau Murut 24-Kalabakan毛律語 迪東語 姆語（ ）相關，族語詞彙 51-Penan, Eastern 20-TagalNarom Murut Baram-Tinjar17-Okolod 語的1種話，或 本南語 Q 38-Aoheng25-Sembakung Murut 52-Penan,穆勒-斯赫瓦納 Western 與都東語（21-TimugonTutong Murut）毛律語54%相似。H 18-Paluan 39-Hovongan26-Serudung Murut Rejang-Baram語中的孤立語，但 北部砂勞越語群 -布南語1 宗教 伊斯蘭教。 19-Selungai Murut F 杜埔-布南語 53-Punan北部語 Tubu R 40-Kereho27-Tidong 語言學家白樂思（Robert Blust） 加央-肯雅語群 K 20-Tagal Murut 北婆羅語支 41-Punan22- Bookan Aput 加央語 G 21-Timugon Murut 北部砂勞越語群42-Punan28-Bahau Merah 穆勒-斯赫瓦納 29-Kayan Mahakam北部語 原教界2011年2月號37期 23-Bolongan 74 北婆羅語支-布南語2 22- Bookan 加央本族語迪東語 24-Kalabakan30-Kayan, Baram G 43-Bukat31-Kayan, Busang L 25-Sembakung Murut H I 32-Kayan, Kayan River 23-Bolongan 沐歷-加央語 26-Serudung Murut 33-Kayan, Mendalam 44-Murik27-Tidong 迪東語 M 24-Kalabakan 加央語 34-Kayan, Rejang 25-Sembakung Murut H 肯雅語 28-Bahau35-Kayan, Wahau 26-Serudung Murut 原教界37-0312.indd 74 45-Kenyah, Wahau 2011/3/12 上午2:23 29-Kayan Mahakam 27-Tidong 莫當語加央-肯雅語 46-Long Wat 30-36-ModangKayan, Baram N 加央本族語 47-Sebop 加央語 37-Segai J 31-Kayan, Busang I 28-Bahau 32-Kayan, Kayan River 29-Kayan Mahakam 上游普朱安語 33-48-Uma’Kayan, Lasan Mendalam 30-Kayan, Baram 穆勒-斯赫瓦納 38-Aoheng 加央本族語O 34-49-Uma’Kayan, Lung Rejang 31-Kayan, Busang -布南語1 39-Hovongan I 加央-肯雅語群 40-Kereho35-Kayan, Wahau K 32-Kayan, Kayan River 50-Kenyah, Mainstream 33-Kayan, Mendalam 莫當語 41-Punan Aput P 42-Punan36-Modang Merah 34-Kayan, Rejang 穆勒-斯赫瓦納 J 35-Kayan, Wahau 51-Penan,37-Segai Eastern 本南語-布南語2 52-Penan, Western莫當語 Q 43-Bukat L 36-Modang 穆勒-斯赫瓦納 38-Aoheng J 39-Hovongan 37-Segai 杜埔-布南語 -布南語1沐歷-加央語 53-Punan Tubu R 加央-肯雅語群 40-Kereho44-Murik MK 41-Punan Aput穆勒-斯赫瓦納 38-Aoheng 肯雅語 39-Hovongan 45-Kenyah,42-Punan Merah Wahau-布南語1 穆勒-斯赫瓦納 40-Kereho 加央-肯雅語加央-肯雅語群46-Long Wat K -布南語2 N 41-Punan Aput 43-Bukat47-Sebop L 42-Punan Merah 穆勒-斯赫瓦納 沐歷-加央語上游普朱安語 48-Uma’ Lasan-布南語2 44-Murik O 49-Uma’ Lung M 43-Bukat L 肯雅語 45-Kenyah, Wahau沐歷-加央語 50-Kenyah, Mainstream 44-Murik
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