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Military Commission Commanding General . .. (~r) BEFORE THE MILITARY COMMISSION convened by the COMMANDING GENERAL. United States Army Forces, Western Pacific UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -vs- PUBLIC TRIAL TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA VOLUME XXIII PAGES 304 3 TO 308Q DATE 22 November 1945 MANILA. P. I. Copy No. 1 I THI S C"SRTIFIES ~h~ t thi5 volu~ e i s a part of the official Recor d cf the Pr oceedings of the ~ · ili t ur y Commi ssi on appointed by parngraph 24, Special Or der s 112 1 Hcao qurrt crs United St at es Army Forces , ·i0st 0rn Pr. cific, datE:d 1 Cct obcr 194 5, in the tria l of t ~c case of Uni ted Stctcs of Ancrica against ~ omoy uk i Yamashit a . Du t ed_J_l~D t c cmb c r 1945 . -e~RE.;._,.~"--. ,........., Major G ner al, u. s. A. Pr e3idcnt of Commi ssion BEFORE THE MILITARY COMMISSION conven•d by the United States Army Forces Vfestern.. Pacific UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ) ) -vs- ) PUBLIC TRIAL ) TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA ) ) ~ ~ - - -- -- ~ --- - High Commissioner's Residence, Manila , P • I • 22 November 1945. Met, pursuant to adjournment, at 0830 hours. MEMBERS OF MILITARY COMMISSIONs MAJCR GENERAL RUSSEL B. REYNOLDS, Presiding Officer and Law Member MAJOR GENERAL LEO DONOVAN MAJOR GENERAL JAMES A. LESTER BRIGADIER GENERAL MORm S C. HANDWERK BRIGADIER GENERAL EGBERT F. BULLENE APPEARANCESs (Same as heretofore noted) REPORTED BY: E. D. CONKLIN L. H. WINTER M. M. RACKLIN 3043 l li ~ i l VI ITNESSEiS ~IRECT QBQSS REDIRECT RECROSS Akira Muto 3044 3053 fJ!QQ.~~Ql.tI g§, GENERAL REYNOLDS: The Commission is in session. You may proceed. MAJOR KERR: Sir, all the members or the Commission are present; the Accused and Defense Counsel are present. GENERAL REYNOLDS: The Detense may continue. AKIRA MUTO called as a witness on behalf of the Defense, having been previously duly sworn, resumed the stand and further testi­ fied as follows through Interpreter Commander Bartlett, assisted by Major Pratt and Lieutenant Asano: DIRECT EXAMINATION (Continued) COLONEL CLARRE: I believe that last evening there was a question asked and no answer elicited. GENERAL REYNOLDS: The reporter will read back the last six questions and answers so that we may recover the continuity. (Questions and answers read) (Pending question translated by Commander Bartlett) A No. Q (By Colonel Clarke) Did you ever receive any reports of the military police in the Philippines executing guer- rillas without trial? A I have never received any. Q Was there in the middle or November, 1944 a guerrilla plot to blow up General Yamashita's headquarters at Fort McKinley? A There was. Q Was dynamite discovered under the officers• mess at that tinre? 3044 A It was in the baseDl!nt or the officers' recreation room that it was reported that dynamite was found. Q Were machine-gun emplacements and short-wave trans- mission sets round at or near Nielson Field at that tini!? A There was. This was at a place between Nielsen Field and Fort McKinley where a dugout had been made in which was a machine gun, a short-wave radio set, and some hand grenades. I believe this was early in December. Q Vlho uncovered this plot? A I believe it was the military police force. Q Was this plot discovered in time to prevent the execution thereof? A The dynamite in November was discovered before it was detonated, and from investigations resulting rrom that the discovery or the machine gun, radio and hand grenades resulted. Q Were the guerrillas who had planned this plot appre- hended? A I believe they were not apprehended. Q After the discovery of this plot did General Yama- shita send a letter of commendation to the Luzon Military Police Headquarters? A He did. At that time in a bamboo grove at Pasig discovery had been made of 100 stands of small arms to­ gether with ammunition, and other discoveries or guerrilla munitions had been made am it is, I believe, as a result or these discoveries that a letter of commendation was sent to the chief of the Luzon military police. Q Was this the only letter of commendation to the ; military police which was sent out by General Yamashita? A No. Q What other letter did he send? COMUANDER BARTLETT: That last answer should have been "There was no other". COLONEL CLARKE : Oh. Q (By Colonel Clarke) Did this letter refer to the specific instances ccneerning which you have testified? A I cannot remember the exact details of the manuscript. Q Was this letter directed to the headquarters of the Luzon military police or to the headquarters ot the South Manila military police, as testified to by the witnesses for the Prosecution? A That was the Luzon military police command. There was no occasion on which a letter was sent to such a small unit as the South Manila M. P.•s. Q Vlhen the letter was written had you or General Yama- shita had any information to the ettect that the military police were mistreating civilians or civilians suspected of engaging in guerrilla activities? A No. As I have said before, it was General Yamashita•s desire to attract the Philippine population to our side. Only that those guerrillas who were armed must be subdued as quickly as possible, because by their going into villages and stirring them up or demanding money from wealthy people in the villages they were stirring up the populace and, once they were eliminated, then we anticipated no rurther trouble from the Philippine population. 3046 Q \'la s the South ManilA p(>l icc f\n cl er.K:nt of the Luzon police comrnRnd? J, Yes. Q Di d you ever meet Gener al RicPr t c? J. I ha ve . Q Do you know if Gcner nl Yn rnn shitn had ever met Gener al RicBrte? J. I do know. I believe that they met three time s. Q Were you present at these three meetings? A The first two occasions, I accompanied him. On the third occasion, the Deputy Chief of Staff accompanied him, and I did not. Q V'ill you tell us what those two occasions were? A The first occasion was vrhen, after Marshal Terauchi had left, President Laurel i nvited the General to his place t o meet the members of t he Cabi net. The second occasion was when Ricarte, Ramos and Duran came to Fort McKinley to advis e Gener al Yamashita of their f or ma tion of a patriotic Philippine association, with the object of cooperating with the Japanese Army. Q , •.hat was the name of that organization? A That is the Philippine Aikoku Remmei, which can be translated as the Philippine Patriotic League. Q What was the Tagalog name f or that or ganization? A That is something which I have hear d of since then. Vl hen I first heard about it, it was as I t old you, but I have since heard tha t it i s called "l.akapili" . Q What was this hlakapili organization? What was its purpose? 3047 A As I understand 1t, and as it was reported to us, since the Japanese Army was extremely sl'x>rt of labor and it was impossible for the Filipinos to cooperate with the Army in any other way, this association had tor its object the gathering together and supplying to the Japanese Army of labor. Q Was it an assassin organization? A That is an idea that could not be found even by !lying. In other words, it is an absurd idea. It was nothing or that kind. Q Were these three persons whom you have named,and who were present at the meeti~ g, pledging their utmost coopera­ tion with the Japanese Army in the forthcoming military operations? A They promised to cooperate by furnishing labor. Q Did either you or General Yamashita tell General Ricarte that an order had been issued to massacre all the Philippine people? General Ricarte was a splendid A Absolutely not. soldier who loved the Philippines from the bottom of his According to my observation, he was a man who, if heart. such an order had been given, would have opposed it. He is a man who should be admired for his patriotism by both his friends ard his enemies. Q And in your opinion, had this order been mentioned to General Ricarte, would he have continued to work with • the Japanese forces? A He would absolutely have refused to cooperate. Q What was the date or this meeting? 3048 > A I believe the tirst meeting with President Laurel was 19 November 1944. The second meeting was, I believe, about 23 November. Q You testified yesterday that General Yamashita, on or about the 6th ot January of this year, was given limited control over the Navy -- rather, over the Navy land troops, in Manila. Was that by direction of Tokyo? A Yes. Q What were those directions? A This will be a little difficult to understand unless y~ permit me to make some preliminary explanation of the situation, of the chain or command. As you probably know, the chain of command in the Japanese Army and the Japanese Navy are absolutely separate and parallel chains of command. The Japanese Army was created prior to the junior service, the Navy, and in order to insure its independence there is a history of a very clear demarcation ot chain of command from the very start between the two services. And more recently, there has been revealed a strong tendency to jealously guard all of their rights and pre• As a result, it has been im- rogatives by both services.
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