•I ECCLESIOLOGY TODAY

Numbcr9 January 1996

Incorporating the NEWSLETTER of the ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Successor ofthe Cambridge Camden Sociery of 1839 Registered Charity no. 210501

PRESIDENT; D.R. Buttress, MA, Dip.Arch., FSA, ARIBA Surveyor of Wesuninster Abbey

IN THIS ISSUE

Annual General Meeting and Annual Service Planning Day Records of the Ecclesiological Society Conference 1996 Articles: St. Mark's, Silvertown; The Revd. Dr. John Mason Neale 1818-1866; Dr. Campbell's Visit to London; Peace Which the World Cannot Give For the Bookshelf Details of Summer Visits ECCLESIOLOGY TODAY

Number9 January 1996

Incorporating the NEWSLETTER of the ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Successor ofthe Cambridge Camden Socie1y of 1839 Reg islered Charity no. 210501

PRESIDENT: D.R. Buttress, MA, Dip.Arch., FSA, ARIBA S11rveyor of Westminster Abbey

THE SOCIETY'S OFFICERS SUBSCRIPTIONS

CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL: Paul Velluet, B.A., Annual subscriptions were due on lst January. Those _,.. BArch, MLitt, RIBA, 9 Bridge Road, St. Margaret's, still outstanding should be sent as soon as possible to the Twickenham, Middlesex TWl IRE. Hon. Treasurer, Mr. R.L. Cline, 34 Kingstown Street, HON. SECRETARY & EDITOR of "ECCLESIOLOGY London NWl 8JP. The rates are once again unchanged: TODAY": Professor Kenneth H. Muna, BArch, DipArch, £6 for members within 30 miles of central London FRIBA, "Underedge'', Back Lane, Hathersage, Derbyshire (reduced to £4 for under-25 and retired members), £4 for S30 lAR. country members (reduced to £3 for under-25 and retired HON. TREASURER: Roger Cline, MA, LLB, 34 members) and £5 for corporate members; overseas rates Kingstown Street, London NWl 8JP. are likewise unchanged. Banker's order and covenant HON. DIRECTOR OF VISITS: Jonathan Fryer, 10 forms may be obtained from tlle Hon. Treasurer on Coronation Road, Sheerness, Kent ME12 2QN. demand. MEMBERS WHO PAY THEIR HON. MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY: John Henman, 6 SUBSCRIPTION EACH YEAR BY CHEQUE OR Nadir Court, Blake Hall Road, Wanstead, London El 1 POST AL ORDER ARE REQUESTED TO COMPLETE 2QE. AND RETURN THE ENCLOSED FORM WHEN HON. CURATOR: Cecil Chapman, 33 PoUards Hill MAKING PAYMENT. North, Norbury, London SW16 4NJ. HON. ASSISTANT SECRETARY (Correspondence): Kenneth V. Richardson, 3 S yearn ore Close, Court Road, MEMBERSHIP CARDS Mottingham, London SE9 4RD. HON. DIRECTOR OF PUBLICITY: Trevor Cooper, A membership card is issued each year to all subscribing BA, MA, MBA, 38 Rosebery Avenue, New Malden, members of the Society. One will be enclosed with t11is Surrey KT3 4JS. Newsleuer if your subscription for 1996 bad been credited CO-OPTED MEMBER: Christopher Webster, School of before posting. Please sign your card on receipt. Arts, Staffordshire University, Flaxman Building, College Road, Stoke on Trent ST4 2XW. THE NEWS IS GOOD FROM THE HON. MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY CORRESPONDENCE At present 189 members joined the Society in 1995 By kind permission of the Rector and Churchwardens, the making the membership total 614. Society is able to use the Church of St. Andrew-by-the­ Wardrobe in the City of London as its registered address. However, will members please note tha t ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING AND correspondence for the attention of the ANNUAL SERVICE Society's officers should NQI. be sent to that address, but should be directed to the officer Arrangements for tllese two important events in Ille concerned with the subject matter. This will Society's calendar will be outlined in Ille programme for normally be as follows. 1996. Full details will be published in April. Meanwhile, members are reminded tl1at, under tl1e Society's Laws, any Membership: John Henman motions for consideration at t11e Annual General Meeting "Ecclesiology Today": Professor Kenneth Murta must be submitted to the Honorary Secretary on or before Other publications: Trevor Cooper 31 st March, for inclusion in the agenda to be printed in All other matters: Kenneth Richardson Ille Newsletter published in April. Matters may be discussed under "any 0U1er business" at an Annual General Their addresses are shown above. Meeting at the discretion of the Chairman. Eligibility for the office of President is limited to members of a stock control, and liaison with the Honorary Treasurer minimum of ten years' standing. Eligibility for office as over payments. Time required - one or two hours per Vice-President is limited to members of a minimum of month. Contact Trevor Cooper. five years' standing. A nomination for the office of Events: Can you arrange an event which might be President or that of Vice-President, accompanied by the included in the Society's future programme? How nominee's consent in writing, must be received by the about a visit to some interesting churches in YOUR Honorary Secretary by 31 st March, and any such area? Contact our Chainnan, Paul Yelluet. nomination must have been endorsed by the Council Secretary ("Clerk to the Council") Can you attend before being put to the Annual General Meeting. Council meetings in central London in the early evening for a couple of hours every two months or so, to take minutes of discussions and record the decisions PLANNING DAY ta.ken? Contact Kenneth Richardson or any other London-based officer. As mentioned in the last issue of "Ecclesiology Today", in November 1995 the Council held a Planning Day to consider the future of the Society. Membership has more THE RECORDS OF THE than quadrupled in the past fifteen years, and the Council ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY felt that the time was ripe for a more thorough consideration of the future than their agenda nonnally It seems rather ironic that a society, whose members' allow. interests are to a significant extent historical, should have been so unsystematic in preserving its own records. The Council were fortunate in having, at the discussion, Indeed, as a society with an unusually lengthy pedigree the benefit of advice and suggestions from Mrs. Jenny its records are of importance as historical documents in Freeman, a distinguished member of the Society who is their own right, in charting developing attitudes to widely known and respected for her work with English ancient and contemporary ecclesiology. Il is easy to Heritage, the Council for the Care of Churches and · overlook the fact that,· as the discussions of the Society in various other bodies. the 1840s are now frequently quoted in serious historical research, there is no reason for thinking that the Nine issues were identified. Postal discussion prior to the Council's delibera tions in the 1940s will not be ·view.ed Planning Day meant tlrnt the most important and urgent wit11 equal interest in 2095. Yet it is the unfortunate fact of these were identified in advance and looked at in some that for the period before .cl980, the whereabouts of the detail on the day itself. As we expected, no matters were maj ority of the Society's records is unknown to its fully resolved during the day, but there was a useful Council, except for the Council Minute Books for 1884- sharing of views, considerable clarification of the issues, 94 and 1911-35. That is not to say nothing else exists; and a better understanding of the options. Among the indeed, it is almost certain that much else has survived subjects _identified for furt11er detailed discussiO!l. were - either with individual members or in public collections.

Library: the future of t11 e Society'.s collections of books, So that the present - and future - Council can be aware of pamphlets, prints, photographs and postcards. Ille scope and extent of its records, I am attempting to Finances: a review to ensure the maintenance of adequate compile a register of documents in public collections, funds to cover future services to members. and, on behalf of the present Council, a collection of any Expertise: how best to utilise the broad range of expertise material tllat members would like to donate, for instance: which the Society possesses through its membership. minutes and agendas of Council meetings; programmes 01 "Ecclesiology Today": how best to develop its lectures and coach trips, etc. production, format and content to reflect members' interests and increasing numbers. In tlle first instance, I will be grateful if members will Services to members: an assessment of members' wishes write to me at tlle address below, listing material tlley are and the extent to which resources to meet them can be prepared to donate or offering information as to tlle provided. whereabouts of more important material Urnt tlley may know of. Each of the matters discussed has now been timetabled into the routine agenda of the Council for consideration Christopher Webster, School of Arts, Staffordshire one at a time over the next year or so. It would therefore University, College Road, Stoke on Trent, ST4 2XW be premature to report any particular decisions. But watch this space! ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY CONFERENCE, 1996 MORE HELP NEEDED! THE CITY OF LONDON CHURCHES

With our continued growt11 more volunteers are urgently Plans for tlle Society's Conference in October 1996 are required to help with t11 e administration of the Society, now well advanced. A provisional programme bas been particularly in the following fields. agreed and, following tlle request for administrative assistance published in tlle autumn Newsletter, the Publications: Can you undertake the distribution of the organisers are pleased to announce tllat our member John Society's publications against orders received? Elliott bas been appointed Conference Administrator. For Working from borne, the job would include simple members who missed tlle last Newsletter, tlle Conference

2 will be held on the weekend of 5th and 6th October, Ulese buff-coloured slabs, and the way Ule fire bas perhaps beginning on the evening of Friday 4th. It will sometimes coloured Ulese and the brickwork has even focus on a range of issues associated with this major enhanced Ule general effect. There are no fittings left., but group of churches drawn from eighteenth, nineteenth and it hardly matters: Ule bold and varied detailing and Ule twentieth centuries, as well as the post-Fire rebuilding magnificent sweep of Ule hammerbeam roof are seen more programme and pre-1666 structures. In addition, t11 ere clearly. Teulon's unauUlorised Gothic is not sinister and will be consideration of Ule use to which these churches worrying like that of E. B uckton Lamb or R.L. may be put in the future. There will be a Conference Fee Roumieu: Ulis is work of red-hot passion and violent of about £25. sincerity: a grand church for the miserable inhabitants of Ule Docklands. A venue bas yet to be finalised. A small number of suitable buildings, all conveniently sited wiUlin the City, It is strange to Ulink Ulat only a generation ago Teulon's have been identified. However, since this will be Ule first work was /'retty universally reviled as untllinkingly Ecclesiological Society Conference for many years, the aggressive, and of his eleven London churches only two organisers would welcome some indication of Ule number remain in use. To Ule disgrace of Ule church auUlorities of members and guests likely to attend. This will assist of St. Stephen, Rosslyn Hill, bis masterpiece, bas been them considerably in estimating Ule size of venue closed since 1977 and still rots away. The abortive required. Accordingly, it will be appreciated if Members proposal Ulat it should be converted to provide offices for will complete Ule page printed on pink paper, and return Ule R. Seifert Partnership, of all people, merely added it to the Conference Administrator at Orcheston House. insult to injury. If Ule church bad been vested in Ule Broomrigg Road, Fleet., Hants GU13 8LR, as soon as Churches Conservation Trust in 1977 a very large possible. We will Ulen put you on the mailing list for amount of money would have been saved.6 furUler infonnation as it becomes available. St. Stephen's is one of a number of highly interesting Trevor Cooper and Christopher Webster churches in London which are pretty well inaccessible: Holy Saviour, Aberdeen Park by William White (mysteriously shrouded in trees and in use as studios) and ST. MARK'S, SILVERTOWN, LONDON El6 St. Philip, Stepney (Arthur Cawston, now a medical school library) are oilier buildings increasingly lost to There can be few less entrancing spots in .England Ulan public consciousness. They are, however, ·still looked the NorU1 Woolwich Road in Silvertown. The after. The churches of James Brooks, so highly Uloughl atmospheric dereliction of the Docklands seen in of in t11 eory, are an increasingly sad spectacle. The Limehouse or Wapping and now prettified never had a Ascension, Lavender Hill, St. Chad, Haggerston and All place here, and all Ulal remains are abandoned wharves H

3 6. The Churches Conservation Trust still bas no J.M. Neale was born at 40 Lamb's Conduit Street, WCI, church in its care in the whole of Greater London. the only son of the Revd. Cornelius Neale, a senior 7. Other London churches in danger include Bodley's wrangler and the first Smith's prizeman at Cambridge in St. Michael, Camden Town, which is in a terrible 1812, a fellow of St. John's College, and of evangelical state, and his St. Mary of Eton, Hackney Wick persuasion, dying at Chiswick in 1823. His widow, wiU1 which looks tatty and dispirited within. her son and three daughters, went to live at Shepperton where John was placed under the care and tuition of an Paul Tindall evangelical clergyman of the best type, the Rev. William Russell, Rector of the parish, for whom he had a lifelong affection and reverence.

THE REVD. DR. JOHN MASON NEALE In 1829 the family removed from Shepperton and John 1818-1866 was educated sometimes at home and sometimes at school, first at Blackheath, next at Sherbome, Dorset, and The Society's roots are with th e Cambridge Camden then for a short time at Farnham, Surrey. Early in 1836 Society co-founded in 1839 by John Mason Neale, he read with the Revd. Dr. Challis, professor of Benjamin Webb and Edward Jacob Boyce and 0U1er astronomy, the incumbent at Papworth Everard, Cambs., intimate friends of high church views from Trinity and in October of that year won a scholarship at Trinity College. Neale would appear to be an apt subj ect for College, Cambridge. He was accounted the best classical investigation. scholar of his year, but., although the son of a senior wrangler, he bad so rooted an aversion to mathematics On bis untimely deaU1 The Ecclesiologist could write: that be would not qualify himself to become a candidate "He died worn out with incessant work at the early age of for classical honours by gaining a place in the forty-eight., leaving behind him the reputation of being mathematical tripos. The rule which rendered this one of the most learned theologians, one of the most necessary was rescinded in 1851 , but in 1840 it meant his erudite scholars, one of the best linguists, one of the taking an ordinary Arts degree. Nevertheless, he had won sweetest hymnodists, and perhaps the foremost liturgicist the members' prize in 1838. After graduation, although of his time. The versatility of bis powers was he acted for a while as chaplain and assistant tutor at astonishing; and it may be doubted if bis capacity and his Downing College, he was not elected a fellow . fondness for hard intellectual labour was ever exceeded. Gifted with an extraordinarily retentive memory, an In 1845 he won the Seatonian prize for a sacred poem, an indefatigable student, and trained from early childhood in achievement which he repeated on ten .subsequent the habit of fluent and graceful composition, be became occasions. He and bis friends were deeply affected by one of the most voluminous as well as accomplished what bad happened at Oxford; what became known as the writers of bis generation. Indeed, there is scarcely any Oxford Movement was prompted by an assize sermon branch of literature in which be did not. _qistinguish preached by the Revd. John Keble in 1833. Initially, it himself; while in some he has left behind him no rival bad nothing to do with ritual, per se, it was on 'National and no successor". Apostasy' in response to a statute suppressing ten bishoprics in the church of Ireland. In addition, Keble had The Christian Remembrancer in its apprec1at1on, promulgated the revival ·Of the almost lost belief in the affirmed that: "it has been said, and with great truth, and historic continuity of the institutions and catholicity of in a quarter in which there is but small sympathy for our worship of the Church of England, as per the Book of principles and labours, that Mr. Neale was one of the Common Prayer and its Formularies. It was also to most remarkable men the Church of England has rouse men to a sense of danger from indifferent secular produced. His mind was rather of the East than of the authority that fired the imaginations too of the Cambridge West. It was redundant, flowing, large, subtle, and if men. deficient in any province, it was that of logic. His was not a political mind; he failed in those qualities in which 'Tracts for the Times', under the Mo vement's chief has been the especial success of the West . .. an idealist contributors: Newman, Keble, Edward Pusey, Isaac never knows when he is beaten, and therefore is never Williams and Richard Froude, were pamphlets dealing beaten . . . After all, there are certain points on which with the historic basis of Anglican doctrine and Mr. Neale concentrated bis powers, and in which he has principles. These aroused great sympathy with Neale and succeeded. In conjunction with others, he was the first to bis Trinity fri ends. These contributors and those of attempt a revival of Church architecture; he was similar persuasion became known as Tractarians. As personally and singly the first to attempt a revival of such, in due course, they and their adherents were reviled, Engli sh Hymnody; be was the first of the present abused and suffered mob violence. generation to call attention to the Eastern Church; be was the first to revive the notion of Sisterhoods. Now it is Neale was made Deacon by the Bishops of Gloucester and past doubt., even by the confession of foes, that these are Bristol on Trinity Sunday 1841 at St. Margaret's, four points absolutely won and incorporated into the Westminster on the title of bis fellowship. He began his current policy of the Church of England; not all equally, parochial ministry at St. Nicholas, Guildford, Surrey, as but all substantially . . .. We ought to place on record an assistant curate, or rather 'locum tenens' for his friend his slowness to take offence; his patience of Hugh Pearson. As a 'Camdenian' he was now a marked contradiction, bis easy generosity of mind. He was a man man, and Dr. Charles Sumner, Bishop of Winchester thus personally of large sympathies and few passions". would not license bim in bis diocese. On Trinity Sunday 1842 be was ordained priest by Bishop Monk at St.

4 Margaret's and the next day accepted the small living of inflexibility. When the College buildings, which were in Crawley in Sussex. But the climate was not conducive to a ruinous state, were restored early in his ministry, be his frail health, and so he was not instituted. A visit to rebuilt its Chapel adding such ornaments as are now the Penzance proved no more satisfactory, and with his wife rule rather than the exception in every well-ordered Sarah (whom he had married in 1842) in I.be first week of church. Their use was brought to the notice of the 1843 he went to Madeira. bishop, Dr. Gilbert. In painful controversy, these accessories to worship were denounced as 'flippery' or The next three years were spent between Madeira and 'spiritual haberdashery', and in 1847 be inhibited him England, and during this time he was busy with his pen. from officiating in his diocese of Chichester. The In the autumn of 1845 be removed to Reigate, and in I.be College itself was not under Episcopal jurisdiction; Neale spring of 1846 presented to the Wardenship of Sackville had intended it to be placed so, but its patrons objected. College, East Grinstead, a charitable institution founded This Episcopal personal inhibition was not formally in 1608 by Robert Sackville, second earl of Dorset, for removed until 1865. Neale wrote: "So, I hope ends a shelter and maintenance of th.irty poor and aged battle of more than sixteen years; I have neither householders under charge of a warden, and two sub­ withdrawn a single word, nor altered a single practice wardens. The stipend was between £20 and £30 per (except in a few instances by way of going further)". annum. This proved to be bis only prefennent, as such; in 1850, because of bis fervent loyalty to the Church of Bishop Samuel Wilberforce bad interceded warmly wilh England, be had declined a proffered deanery (Provostship) Bishop Gilbert on behalf of the College (he himself had of St. Ninian's, Perth, which probably would have led to in 1846 founded Cuddesdon Theological College, Oxford) a Bishopric in Scotland, and so remained at East Grinstead and friendly relations were established between Neale and until bis death. his Diocesan to whom he dedicated the volume of his collected 'Seatonian Poems' . Sackville College is still at Voluminous correspondence, begun in his Cambridge East Grinstead fulfilling its original purpose. days, on a vast variety of subjects, is more or less exclusive to his friend Benjamin Webb, and continued for Neale was severely shaken by Newman's secession in many years. Intimately and strongly · expressed, 1845 to the Church of Rome, which many thought would sometimes impulsively, without any view to publication, be fatal to the Catholic revival in the Church of England; they portray much of his life and his personal suffering at his letters contain the litany of daily secession and, the hands of both cleric and laity. A sample of bis thereby, the loss of many friends. Two who were -very delightful wit penned to Webb in 1841; appeared in supportive throughout his life were Keble and Dr. Pusey, Newsletter 37 of September 1992. Although he and indeed, Cardinal Newman himself. But Neale's faith stigmatised 'Protestant' and 'Protestantism' as all that in the Church of bis baptism was strong, and bis hope was mean, unworthy, and ugly, it was compatible witli ir. vincible for her restoration (a faith and hope nurtured by his personal intercourse with Dissenters, as bis charity his study of Church history, and perhaps by· bis growing knew no distinction of creeds. Amongst . ~e earliest experience of the Roman Church of his day). He was recipienis of bis aid al East Grinstead was an Independent convinced of his being entrusted with the most difficult, minister, whom be visited frequently and cheered during a and therefore tl1e most honourable post in the battlefield lingering illness. of the Catholic Church Militant.

It was whilst there, in 1854, be founded his St. His linguistic expertise found expression in bis being not Margaret's Sisterhood, which proved to be not only the only the foremost translator of ancient Latin and, still first post-Reformation Anglican foundation, but one of more, Greek hymns, but by travelling widely be had the most flourishing religious communities of the church obtained a command of more or less twenty languages. of England. Its members were mainly engaged in education and nursing. The latter labouring in the most His linguistic achievements could have been passed down appalling conditions in the degrading slums of East from his grandfather John Mason Good (1784-1827) l\.ID, London where disease and deprivation were rife. An a London physician who became an active member of orphanage, a middle-class school for girls, and a borne at Guy's Hospital Physical Society and was a classicist. Aldersbot for the reformation of fallen women, were one John Good was a prolific writer of medical works, plays, by one attached to the sisterhood. The whole ethos of the translations, poems and essays, but bis fame rested on Sisterhood was so much misunderstood that even these him being fluent in some forty tongues! His father, Peter self-sacrificing women were reviled and abused. The Good bad been a Congregational minister at Epping. borne, after achieving much useful work, bad to be abandoned in consequence of militant Protestant Neale's literary output was prodigious ranging through prejudices raised against it. Neale's last public act was to Theological and Ecclesiological themes; Hymnological; lay the foundation stone of a new convent for the Sisters Tales and Books for the Young; and many miscellaneous on St. Margaret's Day (20 July) 1865; but be did not live publications. The range included an important two­ to see it completed. Not only is the convent still extant volume quarto 'An Introduction to the History of the but the society flourishes too in America. Holy Eastern Church' of 1850 and 'Good King Wenceslas!'. Scotland, America, and Russia all showed His avowal of high-church doctrines and practices and his themselves more appreciative of him and bis talents than support of Puseyism, raised virulent opposition against bis own country. Harvard University conferred the degree him, and even subjected him and his family occasionally of D.D. upon him, and in 1860 tlle Metropolitan of to 'No Popery!' mob violence. Although extremely Moscow showed the appreciation in which his liturgical gentle in manner, he adhered to his principles with iron labours were held in Russia by sending him an inscribed

5 valuable copy of the Liturgy of the Starovertzi (Old Faith denouncing curses on him who shall move bis bones - by dissenters). Tours with his wife in Portugal too led to the way I conceive the reason of this curse etc. was a him, eventually, translating into Portuguese, Lancelot custom which has been observed at Stratford of collecting Andrewes' 'Preces Privatae'. the bones of the dead and ilirowing them into a vault under the steeple. In all his endeavours he was blessed with an eminenlly happy domestic life. He left a widow and five children LONDON besides hosts of devoted friends amongst whom were his Friday March 3rd great clerical supporters: Benjamin Webb, Edward Boyce, The atmosphere over London is above measure heavy, Joseph Haskoll and Dr. R.F. Litlledale. His stud y of impregnated so strongly with coal that the lower part of architecture and ecclesiology was very dear to him, hence St. Paul's and the oilier churches are blackened the founding of the Ecclesiological Society. He later prodigiously. relished the immense strides made in the Society since bis early Cambridge days. To his joy many a local Sunday March Sth Archaeological and Antiquarian Society sprang from it, I breakfasted with Mr. Peirson ... and went with him to and many "Transactions" witnessed to those labours in the Temple Church, a most beautiful Gothic structure - the fields which he himself bad shown the way. The service was ill read and the singing not according to the rubrick, for it was immediately after the 2nd lesson - Sources: The sermon was preached by the Master of the Society [Thomas Thurlow, afterwards Bishop of Durham] a Letters of John Mason Neale D.D. 1910 brother to Thurloe the atorny General - The discourse was Various encyclopaedia and memorabilia th e most meagre composition, (on our Saviour's temptation) and t11 e deli very worse - He stood, like Harry Coles Gulliver stuck in the marrow bone, with tlle sermon. (newspaper like) in his hand, and witllout grace or J. M. Neale was the subject of a letter written to the emphasis be in slow cadence measured it forth. - In the Church Times in December 1995 by Canon John evening I strolled to Westminster Abbey, where I (being Thurmer of Exeter. He points out that "Neale was not locked in) was obliged to listen to a discourse still duller negligible as a writer of original hymns and carols (nine and as ill delivered. in the English Hymnal, not including "Wenceslas")." The same book has 63 translations, mainly from Latin Sunday March 12th and Greek, many well known and very skilful. Neale 's This day I went to Church in ilie fo undling ·hospital and great liturgical contribution was to open the niches of dined with Mr. Scott who is a Governor - I hoped to bear such hymnody to English speaking worshippers, and no the Charity girl who performed on Friday at the Oratorio account of him should fail to do justice to this. [Judas Maccabeus) but the distance was so great I could not distin guish her .voice - Here preached a gentleman who certainly had made elocution his study - but DR. CAMPBELL'S VISIT TO LONDON affectation was so visible tlrnt be was disgusting - his language poor, bis matter borrowed from common place. Dr. Campbell's diary is well known to Johnsonians, as one of the purposes of the Reverend Irish gentleman's · Sunday March 19th visit to London was to meet Johnson, and he recorded Coming home [after dinner], I stepped into St. James's some of his conversation. To ecclesiologists Campbell 's church were I saw a grave Gentleman Mr. Parker reading a diary is interesting for another reason: he was interested in lecture on ilie Catechism out of a book - but whether preaching and the way chu rch services were carried out. printed or not I could not decide - He warned his hearers Below we extract the more interesting entries. tlrnt tll e quanti ty of God's grace communicated did not depend on tlle quantity of water, wherewith the child was Dr. Campbell's Diary of a Visit to E ngland in besprinkled, for tlrnt it was ori ginall y immersion, which 1775. custom was changed in cold climates etc. with oilier wise saws to the like effect - There were about a hundred Bangor February 23rd bearers thinly scattered, and tllere seemed not one for each I bad an opportunity of observing a sad remnant of candle, and indeed I wonder how anybody stayed in the Popish superstition performed in this Cathedral. Church - I next stepped in to St. Martins, in the Strand observed a vast crowd both in the quire and body of l11e which I saw lighted up, but I could get no further than the Church. I mixed in the crowd, and each person according door; such a crowd I never saw under one roof. And (I suppose) to bis ability went up to the chancel table and wherefore this - Why there was one Harrison (as I learned) there made his offering. I saw however nothing but half­ in the pulpit who was ilie very reverse of the other - No pence and at first wondered what all l11is could mean, but bombast-player in Tom Thumb or Cbronunhuton [a pair returning I saw a corpse lying in the Isle of the church. of burlesque tragedies] ever so roared and so bellowed as And t11is brought to my mind the account which Hughes he did - and bis matter was as lifeless as his manner was the Welshman gave of the great benefi ts arising from Hypertragic - A man at the door from whom I learned his funerals etc. This was obviously a relick of t11 e offerings name etc. told me be was a very good liver and a fine for praying for the soul out of Purgatory. preacher, if be bad not those ways with him. Yet here the poor fellow was deceived, for it was those ways (as be Monday February 27th called it) which made him pass for a fine preacher. Stratford - the Church - Shakespear's tombstone lies at the chancel of the choir, with his own two lines

6 Sunday March 26th Sunday April 9th This day was the first on which I heared good preaching A fair day - went to St. Clemts to hear Mr. Burrows, so in England - and indeed Mr. Warner has in my sight cryed up by Lord Dartrey, preach. But I was wofully redeemed the honour of bis nation, for he is positively the disappointed - His matter is cold, bis manner hot, bis best deliverer of a discourse I ever bear' d. He is the very voice weak, and his action affected. Indeed I thought be thing I have often conceived a preacher ought to be, and preached from a printed book - a book it certainly was; bis manner is what I should have aimed at bad it been my and it seemed at my distance - which was the lot to be a preacher in a great city. He does not (as he perpendicular to the side of the pulpit - to have a broad ought not) to rely on his notes - He makes excursions and marginlike print; and be did not seem master of it, yet be unwritten effusions, which prevail over the warmest the affected warmth emphasis and action. boldest compositions and then when he bath exhausted such sentiments as present themselves he returns to his Good Friday April 14th notes, and talces up the next head according to his Went to bear Dr. Dodd, [executed for forgery in 1777] preconceived arrangement. By this discreet conduct be who is cryed up as the first preacher in London, at bis avoids the frozen beaten track of declamation, and keeps own Chappel - He reads better than he preaches - for in clear of the labyrinth of nonsense into which those the pulpit be leans too much upon bis notes - bis eyes are enthusiasts wander, whose vanity of hypocracy rejects the seldom off them - yet be mises [?mimes] the action of an clue of composition. - This day furnished me with a new extempore delivery, which makes a jaring jumble. His fact. I learned that (according to t11 e custom of London) manner however is infinitely superior to his mauer ... NB any person may build a chappel and by licence of the tlle Shops were not shut up today, farther than that some Bishop, preach and pray in it publickly etc. - This Mr. of them had a single board standing up - The paviours Warner bas done and bis income arises from renting the went on as all oilier workmen did and the Soldiers went to seats. This house - called Tavistock chappel - must bring their exercise in Hyde Park as usual. NB. Dodd did not a goodly revenue, for it is capacious - of the square figure read the Communion service rubrically for be kneeled at - and well filled. tile beginning, and tho it was a fast day he and bis coadjutor wore surplices etc. April 2nd I went to the Chappel Royal and heard the Bishop of Easter Sunday April 16tll Bangor preach - His subject was on these two Went to bear Harrison at Brompton cbappel bis discourse commandments [? Christ's summary of the law]. His incoherent and delivered in the gout of a Spouter - It is object was to prove that piety and virtue·went hand in . ridiculous in t11 ese fellows, whose eyes are scarce ever off band and could not exist separately - ... He touched upon tile book to affect tlle animation of extemperaneous tlle folly of Entllusiasm and instanced tlle violence of tlle warmth. Fanaticks in the last century, to impress a sense of the error of religion consisting merely in devotion - then he Extracted from: Clifford, James (ed) Dr. Campbell's glanced at the licentious reign which foll9~ed - then Diary of a Visit to England in 1775. CUP 1947. ended abruptly by saying that this was neither time nor place for discussing that matter etc. - NB. The Bishop of London read the communion service - but not according PEACE WHICH THE WORLD CANNOT GIVE to the rubric, for at the Let us pray after the commandments be did not tum round to the communion Charles Moore meditates upon the unusual magic of table - English Churches.

In the evening I went to St. Martins in hopes of hearing It is obvious, but no less important for being obvious, Harrison and tlle church was very full from t11e same that people visit old churches for a thousand different expectations - but we were all disappointed for Dr. Scott reasons. Some will be there because tl1ey know, or wish (Anti-Sejanus) mounted the pulpit, and as I could not to know, the difference between a trefoil and a triforium, well hear him, though just behind the pulpit, I went off and get a collector's pleasure in seeing good examples of to St. Stephens Wallbrook, not for hearing - for I knew architectural styles. Some will be there to trace not who was to be there - but of seeing the Church which ancestors, or mourn those they loved, or return, after is reckoned the handsomest in the world. - They tell the wandering, to tile place from which tlley sprang. If you following story of it, - that Lord Burlington (who was the look at the visitors' books in country churches, you will patron of architecture etc.) saw in Italy a church which he see the comments and addresses of people all over the so admired and bepraised that he got drawings made of it world pursuing some association with tlleir own lives. as the chef de oeuvre of human skill etc. but being told that it was a copy from Sir C. Wren's Wallbrook he Some, again, will be interested in the history of England, could not believe it, till he examined it; and what is very some in search of examples of a particular remarkable tlley add that coming late into London be churchmanship. Some wiJI be like tllose visitors to great drove there directly and viewed it by candle light. This is houses open to the public who stare blankly at the the story in London, but as Sir Christopher stole bis plan Rubens but gaze intently at tile photograph of the recent of St. Paul's from St. Peter's why may it not be expected wedding of tile daughter of tile house. They will ignore that the Italian Church is tlle original and not tlle copy - tile history and look at once for tile signs of present life. It revolts against the costume that an Italian Architect How good are tlle flowers? How good are tlle Sunday would borrow models from London - school books or tlle Mothers' Union banners? Are the hassocks well stitched? Is tile vicar High or Low? For myself, I always like to see the names of those on the

7 flower rota, and guess at their age and background and see physical illustrations of the text that in my Father's how much these names, like those on the war memorial, house are many mansions. are indigenous to the county in which they live. Round us, in Sussex, where my family lives, generation after So many churches are amazing, too, in their defiance of generation of Selmeses and Douches, Croucbers and poverty or geographical remoteness or even, in the case of Fullers, Lavenders and Honeysetts are recorded. I should some spires or towers, of gravity. We tend vaguely to be interested to know what the Lincolnshire equivalents think Lltat it is in the natural order of things Lltat men might be. piled stone scores of feet into the sky and worked it into intricate patterns and grotesque or noble representations, Or I like to look at recent memorials and gravestones to Lltat they hewed those stones from quarries and carried gather some idea of the character of the parish and the Lltem down rivers and across seas, that in many cases they occupations and preoccupations of its inhabitants, not lived doing little else, or died with their work unfinished. necessarily less interesting if those memorials are very But it was not natural: it is more like a miracle. Those ugly or rather peculiar. A few years ago in a parish near buildings rose because those men believed and so, if ever us in Sussex, the squire died and an east window was men cease to believe, they will fall. Just as television erected in his memory with a vast and unattractive figure masts stand on high hills to beam that medium's message of Our Lady and very small panels of the man in question clearly to the furthest households, so Llle spires and and his house and land. The local paper reported: 'The towers rise out of Llle fens and fields of this county to window depicts Commander Egerton and his dog. Also comm unicate far more important news, though featuring is the Virgin Mary'. unfortunately to a Jess receptive audience. No one should imagine that such communication could be unimpaired if Again, some people visit old churches because they are those spires and towers were to tumble down, which is the best places to be quiet and at peace. There could be why preservative work is as much a word of fail11 as was nowhere better if one needs to set one's thoughts in order l11e original construction. Indeed, at a time when or to get the measure of some turning point, some joy or Christianity in the form of Llle Word is so very faintly sorrow in one's life. From which it follows, of course, proclaimed, the 'sermons in stones' speak louder than that old churches are the best places to pray. 'You are ever. here to kneel,' says T.S. Eliot in his poem 'Little Gidding', 'where prayer has been valid', and some of that You probably know the poem by Philip Larkin called validity comes from the sheer length of time that this has 'Church Going' . Its narrator, who closely resembles been a holy place. Larkin himself, is an unbeliever, and he always feels awkward in old churches, and yet be always visits them But by no means the worst reason for visiting an old and stands in what he calls the 'tense, musty, unignorable church is to go with no proper reason at all, which is silence/Brewed God knows bow long'. He does so, be why one of the most important things we should be says, because be recognises the character of the church: helping to do is to keep old churches open wherever possible. All of us will remember better tl1an planned A serious house on serious earth it is, visits the uncovenanted blessings of a chance one. Once In whose blent air all our compulsions meet, my wife and I found ourselves caught by torrential rain in Are recognised, and robed as destinies, -.. -.. a church in Dorset., pretty, but of no outstanding artistic And that much never can be obsolete, or historical interest. Held captive there, we found the Since someone will forever be surprising usual pressure of time and the slightly wearisome duty of A hunger in himself to be more serious, guidebook study fade away and a sense of being at home And gravitating with it to this ground, supervene. Some of the time we played a silly game of Which, he once heard, was proper to grow wise in, one reading out a line or two from the hymn-book and the If only that so many dead lie around. other trying to identify the hymn, and some of the time we just sat silent. We experienced one of the most I'm glad an agnostic recognises all Lllat, and I'm curious and magical effects of an old church, that the extremely sorry that so many diocesan and synod ical longer you sit in it the less possible it is to feel bored. authorities do not. It is scarcely an exaggeration to say that, if the work of charitable bodies and preservation And the longer you do sit., the more interestingly odd does societies ceased, futu re Philip Larkins would be unable to any old church become. It is virtually impossible in have such experiences and write such poems. Indeed, England Lo live more than ten miles from a beautiful there is a real danger that Larkin' s will prove to be Llte piece of ecclesiastical architecture. This is an immense last generation which can use English churches for its privilege, true of perhaps no other country, but it inspiration as poets have done since English first became sometimes causes us to forget bow utterly amazing these a language. What be is saying in bis modem, doubting buildings are. In their shapes, they can resemble forest way stands in the same tradition as the mosl famous of glades, or ancient burial barrows, or ships, or Georgian all poems arising from English churches, Gray's 'Elegy houses, or, as Ruskin said of King's Chapel, a sow on Written in a Country Churchyard'. In any cu lture, a her back. Just to leaf through Henry Thorold's book written aesthetic tradition depends upon an architectural Lincolnshire Churches Revisited is to find buildings in and religious one. Break one and you break tl1e oilier. Lincolnshire with scarcely any external similarities to one another what.ever. What does Well share wi l11 Stow, say, But I also quote Larkin because his poem expresses or Theddlethorpe All Saints wil11 the church in succinctly what 1 have been doing more long-windedly, Gainsborough of the same name? Yet all are and draws together the common thread in all t110se multi­ recognisably, successfully, beautifully, churches - farious reasons why we visit old churches. It lies in that phrase, 'In whose blenL air all our compulsions meet/ Are If this were a sermon it would have a text with which to recognised, and robed as destinies.' He is speaking of the begin. Instead I shall give it a text with which to end. 'I capacity of the old church to elevate what is ordinary and was glad,' says the Book of Common Prayer in its reduce what is puffed up, to restore the true proportion of version of Psalm 122, 'I was glad when tiley said unto things. Gray's 'Elegy' dwells on a similar theme. His is me: We will go into the house of the Lord. Our feet an extraordinary poem because most of the thoughts in it shall stand in the gates: 0 Jerusalem'. are about what did not happen. The poet imagines the villagers now lying under the turf who might have been The Jews of the Old Testament knew that tileir own city Milton or Hampden or Cromwell, but weren't They did could be taken to represent tile celestial city and their own not 'scatter plenty o'er a smiling land', did not command temple the borne of their God. Christianity has spread 'the applause of listening senates', did not 'wade through the notion to all places of the earth where God is slaughter to a throne'. worshipped. So we are authorised to invest with holiness tile names and places you know and care about - Burgh-le­ Nothing really happened in their lives, and yet the Marsh or Stragglethorpe or Boothby Pagnell almost as country churchyard makes it possible to imagine that it much as Hebron or Emmaus or Jericho. might have. And although there is a pervading sadness that 'Full many a flower is born to blush unseen/And This article is adapted from a speech to the Lincolnshire waste its sweetness on the desert air', there is no anger or Old Churches Trust and was first published in The bitterness, nothing scratchy or unsettled. The 'compul­ Spectator in July 1995. Grateful thanks are due for sions' of ordinary people are 'robed as destinies', and once permission to reproduce this article. that has happened it is possible to find peace. The peace of an old English church is not merely an absence of noise; it is the intimation of a Christian theological A FIRE AT THE CHURCH OF ST. MAGNUS concept - 'that peace which the world cannot give'. THE MARTYR, CITY OF LONDON

Nothing is more important in this intimation than the '· During tile early hours of the morning. of tile 4til presence of death in a form which makes it possible to be November 1995 a passer-by spotted a small fire within reconciled to death, which is why Larkin refers to so the church of St. Magnus, Lower Thames Street. This many dead lying round. English churches are exceptional, observant person called the fire brigade and the fire"Was and exceptionally lucky, in being surrounded by church­ promptly extinguished. If tile fire bad not been spotted yards full of gravestones. Far from stirring fear of for another five or ten minutes, it would have become mortality, they make it seem explicable or at least large enough to break/melt tile adjoining windows - acceptable. creating a rush of air to feed tlle flames, which would have resulted in the whole _church being gutted. The Why is this? Why does an old church reconcile us to t11:! cause of the fire bas yet to be determined, it started within life we live and tl1e death we shall suffer? Larkin, again, the south-western portion of the church - close to the hints at" an answer when he describes a church as 'a organ. One panel on the west wall was destroyed and a serious house'. That word 'house' is interesting and second panel badly damaged by heat. The southern stairs crucial. In the full edition of the Oxford English up to the 18th century organ (with later additions) was Dictionary the editors spend a long time debating the destroyed. The organ appears to be undamaged. The origin of the word 'church' , bunting it through a score of greatest damage was to the recently decorated and restored languages. They conclude that it comes from the Greek interior which was badly blackened by smoke. The word KUptaim~ meaning 'of the Lord' and, from U1 e church is still open daily and the interior and windows are third century, 'the house of the Lord'. lL is significant now being cleaned. that, in our religion, tl1e word for the physical building has become in so many languages the word for the divine It is pleasing Lo report that the fire was spotted and institution itself. Islam is not called 'the mosque' nor extinguished before it gutted this historic Wren church, Judaism 'the synagogue', but organised Christianity is but this small fire is a reminder of how vulnerable are called 'The Church'. The development of our language historic churches to fire damage. For instance, in May seems to be telling us something important. The thing 1988 the nearby Wren church of St. Mary-at-Hill was before your eyes cannot be wholly separate from the thing gutted by fire. To safeguard the City of London's before your mind. This points to the human way of remaining historic churches from fire would it not be understanding religious truth; we cannot grasp its possible to have a system of smoke detectors/fire alarms fullness, we can only reach it by analogy and through in every church, all wired to the nearby fire station in imagination. The analogy of the house works for Upper Thames Street, rather than rely on the present everyone. Our house is where we live and where we are at system of observant members of tile public calling the home, and where, unless we are unfortunate, we fire brigade. experience the best of human love. Brnce Watson

The house of the Lord offers the same thing, but divinely, not subject to demolition or repossession, death or FRANCIS JOHNSON, ARCHITECT divorce. Old churches are constant reminders and embodiments of this analogy. Whenever a particular Francis Frederick Johnson, a prominent member of tile church' s roof is kept on or its door open or its window Georgian Group who died last autumn at t11 e age of 84, unblocked we are doing honour to that universal Church worked mainly in Yorkshire, where he designed and which none of us bas ever seen. restored numerous buildings in the classical tradition.

9 Most of these were of a domestic nature but bis practice England, but most have been rebuilt in more durable also engaged in some ecclesiastical work, including the materials - why should St. Andrews have survived? reconstruction of St. Margaret's Church at Kilston in the 1950s. Contact: Ian Tyers, Dendrochronology Unit, Dept. of Archaeology & Prehistory, University of Sheffield.

CHURCHES AND CHAPELS IN THE NEWS The Society is grateful to Ian Tyers for providing this infon11ation. (Our acknowledgements and thanks go to our member Miss Adele M. Stewart for kindly providing some of tile material for this section. Contributions from members ST. AUGUSTINE'S CHURCH at TOOTING in are always welcomed.) soutil London is reported to have acquired an organ by T.C. Lewis which was originally built in 1875 fo r St. Peter's Church, East Dulwicb. The instrument bas been HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, ROTHWELL, undergoing restoration and reconstruction by organ builder NORTHANTS, bas recently launched an appeal for Saxon Aldred. St Augustine' s, designed by H.P. Burke £40,000 to provide air-conditioning for its cbamel house, Downing, was erected in 1929-31 as one of a series of and a study centre for anthropologists and medical churches serving new centres of population in tile Diocese students. The cbarnel house, in U1e crypt, contains the of SoutJ1wark, with help from Bishop Garbett's "25 bones of 1500 people collected between the 13th and 16til Churches" Fund. The founda tion stone was laid by H.M. century, and is one of only two in Britain, the other being Tbe Queen Motiler when she was Duchess of York. at Hythe in Kent. (See Dr. Campbell's diary elsewhere in this issue, Feb 27til 1775). ST. ETHELBURGA BISHOPSGATE The bones are mostly skulls and tiligh bones (cross Members concerned about the fate of St. Etilelburga bones) these apparently being necessary .(according to r Bishopsgate, tile City of London church damaged by a medieval superstition) for the Resurrection. The crypt bomb in 1993, may be interested in the following report, was probably used for tilis purpose during the 13th and which appeared in Perspectives November 1995: 14til century when the church was being extended, encroaching on the graveyard, and again during 1591 Resurrection of controversy when an alms house was built in a comer of the churchyard. Later closed, tJ1e crypt was discovered in The bitter wrangle over the fa te of St. Ethelburga's 1700 by a sexton digging a grave in the south aisle of the Church in Bishopsgate, damaged by an IRA bomb in church. 1993, is escalating. Supporters of the two main schemes put forward for tile Grade I listed church - the Rothermel Contact: Revd. P.R. Rose, Holy Trini~~ '. Rotliwell, Thomas and Richard Griffiths restoration plan, and the Northants. Blee Ettwein Bridges (BEB) proposals for encasing the ruins in glass (View, August) - are irreconcilably opposed. But in a fin al controversial act before taking up NEW DATE FOR GREENSTED CHURCH, the post of Archbishop of York, the Bishop of London, ESSEX. Dr. David Hope, endorsed tlle BEB scheme. Dendrocbronologists have over the past two decades taken wood samples from many British Churches and Giving tile reasons for his choice, Dr. Hope stated th r· Cathedrals, and this year they have sampled St. Andrews the plan was symbolic of death and resurrection. "Peop Church, Greensted, Essex, in a study funded by English will see that we have not whitewashed the evil deed," be Heritage and Essex County Council. (Dendrochronology said. The Friends of St. Ethelburga's Church feel - tile science of dating wood from its tree ring pattern.) differently. "Putting the church back togetller would The church turns out not to be as old as was thought. As symbolise healing," says Paul Sutherland of the Friends. members will no doubt know, tilis beautiful church is unique in this country for the method of construction used It is far from certain tilat the BEB scheme will be built. for its walls, known as stave construction, (there are "The proposals we made were drawn as a concept," says about 30 other stave churches in Scandinavia). The Patrick Ellwein, of the practice. "We now have to design church has often been described as tile oldest standing the thing." James Thomas of Rotilermel Thomas wood building in Europe and was reputed to be a comments that "there is a strong possibility that the temporary resting place for tile body of St Edmund on its scheme will not get planning permission". way to Bury St Edmunds in AD 1013. Pennission has already been sought - and granted - for the Now, however, Ian Tyers, lecturer in dendrochronology at Rothermel Thomas and Richard Griffiths plan. "Our the University of Sheffield, has found that tJ1 e surviving scheme was warmly welcomed," says Richard Griffitils. timbers in t11e church were cut down at least 50 years after "We felt that our role was to prepare and develop the right this, and probably around AD 1070. One suggestion is way forward for the church. that instead of being a Saxon church, the structure was originally a Nonnan chapel for the adjacent manor house. "Substantial parts of the fabric were salvaged from tile This leaves the major question of why the building bas rubble, including the clock face and 50 per cent of the survived in its original form ; archaeological evidence stained glass. The rubble itself could be used for re­ shows tJ1at stave structures were once widespread in building the west wall, which would be rendered. This is

I 0 exactly the sort of approach adopted to rebuild churches A survey commissioned jointly by other bodies bas been bombed during the Second World War." completed at the site of St. Benet's Abbey in Norfolk.

In London, architectural surveys in co-operation with THE FRAUENKIRCHE, DRESDEN. This English Heritage have been progressing on all 46 famous church, constructed between 1726 and 1743, was churches within the City confines, and were due for destroyed by bombing on the night of 13th- l 4th February completion in December 1995, resulting in a detailed and 1944. For fifty years its blackened stones were preserved up-to-date photographic record which should be of where they fell. Now it is being rebuilt. Using the immense val ue. original stones as far as possible, the project will be carried out to the highest standards of historical accuracy, At Stoneleigh Abbey in Warwickshire, an architectural on the basis of the original plans, and will be the largest record has been made of the east range which contains project of its kind in history. The Crypt will be most of the remains of the Cistercian house founded on completed in 1997, the main body of the church in 2000, the site in 1155. and the Dome and Cross in 2004. · A Dresden Trust has been set up to act as a focus for British fundraising and The Survey of London team is currently working on the collaboration. At the invitation of the Dresdeners Clerkenwell area, including the Charterhouse and J .D. themselves, the Trust is to provide the 27-foot gilded Orb Sedding's Holy Redeemer Church in Exmouth Market, and Cross which sunnounts the building. whilst studies in Knightsbridge have included Lewis Vulliarny's Church of All Saints, Ennismore Gardens. Contact: Dresden Trust, 3 Western Road, Liltlehampton, West Sussex, BN17 5NP. (tel: 01903 723137). THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS

THE LOVEKYN C HAPEL, KINGSTON­ At the time of writing (early December), The Society's UPON-THAMES, a rare free-standing medieval chantry next two publications are both nearly ready for the printer chapel, is to be opened to the public on completion of - nearly, but not quite! You may, therefore, find neither, necessary restoration work, for which further funds are or one, or both accompanying this issue of Ecclesiology needed. The intention is to use the building as a centre Today. If they are not ready to post with this issue, our for the Arts. plan is to post them to you separately as soon as they are available.

TONBRIDGE SCHOOL CHAPEL, KENT, which These two booklets will form the Society's publications suffered a disastrous fire in 1988, was reopened in for 1995. As explained in tlle last issue, one is a revised, September 1995, on completion of its rebuilding to th~ expanded and improved handlist to the work of Martin designs of our President. Donald Buttress. The chapel's Travers, well known for his stained glass and church organ, like the rest of lhe interior fittings, furnishings and furnishings. This has been the work of our member, tJ1e equipment. was utterly destroyed in tl1e fire, but has now Revd. Peter Blagdon-Gamlen. The other is a history of been replaced by an impressive new instrument built by the church of St. Mary-at-Hill in the City of London, the distinguished Danish finn of Marcussen & Son. A based on considerable documentary research and series of inaugural recitals was begun in November 1995, examination of the fabric after the 1988 fire. This bas and continues in 1996 as fo llows - been written by our member Dr. Jeffery.

Sunday 21 January: David Williams (Tonbridge School) Further publications are in hand for 1996 and 1997. Friday 1 March: Nicholas Kynaston Sunday 21 April: Matthew Morley (S t. Bride's, Fleet Trevor Cooper Street) Acting Hon. Publications Secretary Friday 10 May: Peter Hurford Sunday 9 June: Andrew Lucas (SL Paul's Cathedral) FOR THE BOOKSHE LF Booking enquiries should be sent to The Music School, Tonbridge School, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 UP (tel: 01732 365555). BOOK REVIEWS

Short reviews of recently published books are always ROY AL C OMMISSION ON THE welcome from members of the Society. HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF ENGLAND

The Royal Commission's Annual ReporL for 1994/95 Church Fabric in the York Diocese 1613-1899 reveals that the fo urth and final volume of Christopher Records of Faculty Jurisdiction Jurisdiction. ISSN 0305 Stell's inventory of English Nonconformist Chapels is in 8506. Borthwick Texts and Calendars 19. Published by preparation and will cover Eastern England. University of York 1995. Compiled by Peter Evans.

Archaeological survey work is continuing on Carthusian This bandlist. compiled by a professional archivist, Peter monastic sites al Witham in Somerset, Axholme in Evans at the Borthwick Institute, is essentially a work of Lincolnshire and Beauvale in Nottinghamshire. scholarship and reference. It provides a list of faculty

11 Spitting Jew Cock Vcmicle H igh Priest Pilate

Striking Hand Pelican

Lantern Seamless Robe --Stone capping beam supportinc Octaion&I in pl&n timbc.r spirt Pestles & Mortar Hammer & for Myrrh Pincers I l Square In plan B

Altar Entnne< to galluy It towu

Ladder Diec Crypt (full <.n

- '- -"" Hand Boxes of Ewer The Nails plucking Spices Chalice Hair

A Section through St Martin Ludgate. Christ of Pity Devotional Woodcut Illustration (reduced) from A Suroey of Illustration from Histon; nnd Imagen; 1 the C' t lrches in the City of London (see in British Churches (see Book Revie Boo. eviews) approvals under the Archbishop' s jurisdiction in the divine grace while showing the difficulty of developing a Diocese of York and its fascination lies in tracing the theological view of respect for all things at a practical development of changes in Church buildings, especially level by instancing battery hens as partners in a larger during the great period based on the Oxford MovemenL community. His essay deals with reconciliation between The cross referencing gives lists of artists and craftsmen ourselves and the revelation of God's glory, and so sets which assists in defining the provenance of a great the scene for the artists to contribute their thoughts about number of historic churches in Yorkshire. that revelation.

It also raises some questions. Did John Carr of York The transition from the broader measures of Theology, only alter one church building in the Diocese, al Geography and Morality is extremely well done. The Horbury? The north aisle and tower doorway at Bishop of Salisbury gives practical advice on creating Dewsbury are attributed to him. The changes in Diocesan Sacred space by showing how theoretical theological boundaries and formation of new Dioceses during the parameters were translated into the brief for the re­ period covered is noted, but can create frustration in organisation of Portsmouth Cathedral during his period of following through church histories.. This is a handbook responsibility for that building. John Tavernor presents a for the professional but also useful for those interested in view of liturgical and sacred art which will be foreign to church visiting in the Diocese. many who demand innovation and creativity as necessary attributes for all new work. He argues that original transcendence comes to the artist by directing the forces of The College Graces of Oxford and Cambridge primeval inspiration of which be is the vehicle, only after ISBN 1 870882 06 7. £12.50. p/p £1.00. Latin in mastering the disciplines of traditional work. Oxford • Inscriptiones Aliquot Oxonienses ISBN 1 870882 11 3. £12.50. p/p £1.00. Compiled by The bringing together of such a wide range of sacramental Reginald H. Adams. Perpetua Press, Oxford elements in one book is to be applauded. All interested in the way Theology interacts with the world from its Reginald Adams bas assembled, translated ·and explained widest interpretation to the sense in which we can regard an interesting selection of Latin inscriptions used in our liturgical forms on a personal basis should read this Oxford from ancient times to the present day. For good book. It is essential reading for all involved in modem measure he has added a few Greek ones as well as befits a liturgical forms and their setting. scholar of St. John's College Oxford. He has also investigated the use of Latin graces and thanksgiving before and after meals. The two pamphlets together form Anderson, M.D. History and Imagery in British a fascinating study of life in Oxford with a comparison of Churches . John Murray. 1995 (first published in graces used in Cambridge too. They range from the 1971). £15.99. Paperback. 290 pages. solemn to the wiuy and demonstrate a quality of language which one hopes in Oxford is still pre - eminery~. I see that I was given this book for Christmas 1975. My aunt chose well: I can still remember the pleasure of reading it, followed by other books by Margaret 'The Sense of the Sacramental' ·Anderson, all, alas, now out of print. The publishers are Edited by Professor David Brown and Anne Loades. to be congratulated for reprinting this work, a SPCK Holy Trinity Church, Marylebone Road, London compilation and extension of two of her earlier books, NWI 4DU. ISBN 0-281-04849-5. 1995. Price £ 15.99. and in many ways a summary and synthesis of all her research in this area. The sub-title, movement and measure in Art and Music, Place and Time, indicates the very broad range covered by In the author's words, the book is concerned with 'the this book. record of men's lives and thoughts which is incorporated in [church) structure and imagery'. Most of the book is This is a significant and demanding publication as might concerned with medieval churches, and the various sources be expected from a publication which includes of the interior decor of churches is explained, from the contributions by John Habgood, David Stancliffe and point of view of art history, popular and learned culture, John Tavemor. The joint editors, Professor David Brown and historical developments. and Anne Loades, Reader in Theology, both from the University of Durham, have compiled two volumes, Did you know, for example, that the legend of SL brought together in one paperback, from a series of papers Nicholas and the pickled boys in a tub may have specially written to commemorate the nine-hundredth originated from a misunderstanding of an earlier image anniversary of the laying of th e foundation stone of showing three converts (small figures, following the Durham Cathedral on llth August 1093. In their convention of hierarchical perspective) standing in a Introduction, the concept of the link between sacramental baptismal fonL Or bad you ever wondered why some Old and spatial identity is forged. The term Sacred Geography Testament subjects recur frequently in medieval churches - is used to expand the concept beyond individual buildings Jonah, Noah's ark - whilst others are more or less ignored and cities. Later in the book this theme is demonstrated (the crossing of the red sea)? For these common Old by Thomas Humme l in a Chapter dealing with the Testament images, Anderson shows the links with sacramentality of the Holy Land. John Habgood also earliest Christian art, possibly through prayers for widens the theological base by dealing with the whole of deliverance which were used through the centuries, and the natural world. He deals with what sacramentality also Uirough the stability of prophetic interpretation over might mean in practice as being in a continual state of a long period of time.

12 As the author says, 'ecclesiology is a subjecl as flexible A Survey of the Churches in the City of in the nalure of ilS rewards as it is varied in ilS interesl'. London Alan Baxter & Associates, 14 Cowcross Here is one way to deepen thal inleresl - a book worth Street, London EClM 6DR. 1995 £80 A3 Landscape, reading and - as I musl mention to my aunl when I see spiral bound. 200pp. Summary and Re­ her nexl - re-reading. commendations £2.00 A4 12pp.

NOIB This report was commissioned jointly by the Diocese of The following is a list of Margaret Anderson's books on London, lhe City Corporation, and English Heritage. It church furnishings. Despite the similarity of the titles, presents the results of a survey of lhe 37 Anglican there is fresh and revealing new material in each. The list Churches in tile Cily of London (excluding lhe bombed may not be complete. St. Etllelburga and St Michael Paternoster Royal, mainly in use as offices). Each church receives a four or five The Medieval Carver 1935 page summary of its current condition and the likely cost Animal Carvings in British Churches 1938 of upkeep (£23m for all tile churches over lhe next 25 Looking for History in British Churches 1951 years) lhe way the church is used now, and its potential Misericords (King Penguin) 1954 for alternative uses. There is an assessment of the The Imagery of British Churches 1955 church's arcbileclural and historical importance, and its Drama and Imagery in English Medieval Churches 1963 townscape value. For each church tl1ere are location His tory and Imagery in British Churches 1971 maps, sketch plans and elevations and a photograph. republished 1995 (abbreviation of the 1951 and 1955 In addition to this wealth of detail (in, it bas to be said, a books, with additional material). less than pocket format) there is a fifteen page overview.

T. Cooper The reporl finds that Lbe churches are of major importance, tllat lhey are in good condition, are in regular use, are relatively unknown and that U1ere is a greater need Morant, Roland The Monastic Gatehouse for tlleir recognition by the City authorities. None of The Book Guild Ltd., Temple House, 25-6 High Street, which is surprising, but none tlle less welcome for being Lewes, BN7 2LU. ISBN 0 86332 994. 2. 219pp, 32 reinforced by a comprehensive, detailed study. photos, 22 diagrams. £15.00. This appears to be tlle first systematic study of tlJe There has recently been a revival of interestin specialised condilion of tile City churches since tlJe second world architectural fonns. The Monastic Gatehouse falls into war, and should provide the basis for informed decisions this category. ll is an interesting investigation into about tile fulure of this unique sel of buildings. What a various categories of monastic gatehouses as well as pily, tllen, tha! its price should put it out of tile reach of being a fine work of scholarship. These buildings have all excepl those who are professionally concerned with t!Je not been previously studied in such depth and draw subject. altention LO this important aspecl of out . medieval heritage. It is based upon personal visits and assessment of almost all monastic houses in the country. It is LO be Scott, George Gilbert Personal and Professional recommended. Recollections. Facsimile of lhe Original Edition witll New Material and a Critical Introduction by Gavin Stamp. Paul Watkins, 18 Adelaide StreeL, Stamford, Nonnan Pounds: Church Fonts Shire Album No.318, Lines. ISBN 1 871615 26 7. Hardback. 563pp 23 b&w Shire Publications Ltd., 1995. ISBN 0-7478-0293-9. plates. £35.00. £2.25. My own ecclesiological interests having a centre of To add to tl1eir impressive list of booklets on subjects of gravily some 600 years earlier than tlle nineteentll interest to ecclesiologists, Shire Publications have now cenlury, I must admit to having picked up tllis tllick produced tllis new work by Professor Nonnan Pounds. volume with a certain hesitation, determined to learn The author provides a broadly chronological survey, more aboul GGS, bul not expecting particularly to enjoy outlining how the design and decoralion of fonts tile experience. But I found it fascinating. developed in Britain, from Anglo-Saxon times tllrough lhe medieval period to the Reformation and after. There Gavin Stamp's introduction sets tlJe work nicely in its is also a recommended reading list, and a brief gazeueer conlexl (this is lhe first arcbiteclural autobiography ever which groups some notable fonts by form, material or Lo have been published), and tlle 1879 edition is then decoration. Tbe clear and authoritative text is primed in facsimile, followed by a lengthy appendix of extraordinarily well illuminated by over sixty black-and­ reslored readings, taken from Scott's original manuscript white photographs and numerous line drawings, and but omitled from t!Je original published edition. concludes with a short section on font covers, which leads one to suggest that here is another subject which well Much of this previously unpublished material is of merits a companion volume all to itself. And, while we interest, helping Lo bring both U1 e man and his works are about it, may we also look forward LO a similar into focus. Il includes descriptions of people and cusloms publication on rood screens? Then, whal about reredoses in early nineteenth century rural Bu ckinghamshire, and pulpits? Meanwhile, U1is latest offering by Shire is painful oulpourings of grief and guilt al tile deatl1 of bis very much to be enj oyed as an excellent introduction to a wife and third son, names of - and pitl1y comments about fascinating aspect of church art. - those who opposed him al various stages of bis career, a

13 • fuller description of the break with his partner Moffatt. Bedfordshire LUS 4RU. Paperback ISBN 1 871199 26 3 and longer, more outspoken, descriptions of some of the £9.99. Hardback ISBN 1 871199 21 2 £18.99. Covers controversies in which he was involved (such as the the whole sweep of development from the martyrdom of Government Offices saga). My only gripe is that the St. Alban to the modern shrine restoration. entries in the appendix are not cross-referenced in the body of the text, and I found myself having constantly to check Salter, Mike The Old Parish Churches of the appendix to see if it had an entry for the page I was Cheshire. 1995 Folly publications, 151 West reading. Malvern Road, Malvern, Worcs., WR14 4AY. ISBN 1 871731 23 2. Paperback. 88 pages, 100 photos, 55 The book ends witl1 an appreciation of GGS by his son, a plans, 1 map. £4.95. Postage 60p extra. Another in useful set of biographical notes by Gavin Stamp on the this series (reviewed in Ecclesiology Today Number 5), various people mentioned in the text. and an index. notable for its plans.

A good read, and a book whose index I shall certainly use Salter, Mike The Old Parish Churches of when visiting Cathedrals and otl1er places where Scott's Worcestershire (Extended and revised edition). 1995 major work is to be seen. Already I feel I understand the Folly publications, 151 West Malvern Road, Malvern, Albert Memorial a little better through knowing that the Wore., WR14 4AY. ISBN 1 871731 04 6. Paperback. design is based on 'the metal-work shrines of the middle £4.95. Postage 60p extra. Extended from the original ages ... [which] profess in nearly every instance to be edition of 1989, with the inclusion of more plans and models of architectural structures, yet no such structures photographs, and churches in the pre- 1974 county of ... ever did exist ... They are architecture as elaborated by Worcestershire. the mind and the hand of the jeweller; an exquisite phantasy realised only to the small scale of a model. My Valebrokk, E. & Thiss-Evensen, T. (translated by notion, whether good or bad, was for once to realise this Zwick, A). Norway's Stave Churches: jeweller's architecture in a structure of full size .. .'. Architecture, History and Legend. Boksenteret. One's lasting memory is of a man of boundless energy 1994 ISBN 82-7683-011-0. Paperback. 104 pages, riding a tidal wave of interest in and enthusiasm for many coloured photographs. £15.99. Each of the 29 Gothic. surviving churches photographed and described.

BOOKS SEEN OR NOTED ECCLESIOLOGY ETC., a postal bookseller specialising in books of an ecclesiological nature, bas A shorter lisr rhan in the previous rwo issues, as we now opened a shop. This is at 23 Greenwich South seem more or less ro have cauglu up wirh ourselves. As Street. SElO 8NT, open Fridays and Saturdays 10.30 to always, it is much appreciated when members provide 1.30 and 2.30 to 5_30. This is close to Greenwich details of relevant books or articles for inclu$fqn in these railway station. If making a long journey, phone· first lists. Books reviewed in our pages are generally omiHed during the evening - 0181 692 2474. from the list.

NEWS OF OTHER SOCIETIES Blatch, Mervyn Surrey Churches Phillimore. ISBN 1 86077 002 9. Quarto. 256pp. 150 ills. Expected British Archaeological Association publication date: November 1995. Approx. £14.95. As part of their Winter Lecture Programme, the BAA Burckhard!, T. Christianity and the Birth of the have organised a lecture by Dr. Paul Williamson entitled Cathedral. Golgonooza. 1995 ISBN 0 903880 66 0. 'The Sculptures of the Judgement Porch at Lincoln £16.95. Cathedral' on May l st at 5.00 p.m. in the Rooms of the Society of Antiquaries. Doree, Stephen (ed) The Early Churchwardens Accounts of Bishops Stortford 1431-1558. Historic Churches Preservation Trust Hertfordshire Record Society, 14 Westbury Close, Hitchin, Herts. SGS 2NE. 1995 ISBN 0 9510728 9 7. The Trust bas recently received a donation of around 40 xxv + 365pp. £23.95 plus p&p. Introduction, the nineteenth century line drawings of churches, the earliest accounts, and index. dating from around 1840. Three are illustrated in the current issue of Historic Churches Review. Hobbs, Mary (ed) Chichester Cathedral, An Historical Survey. Phillimore. 1994. £40.00. Contact: HCPT, Fulham Palace, London SW6 6EA. (lei: 01717363054). McBrien, R.P. (ed) Encyclopaedia of Catholicism 1995 Harper Collins ISBN 0 00 627931 7. xxxviii + Monastic Research Bulletin 1349 pp. Extensively illustrated. £40.00. Catholic history, artistic endeavour, theology, and practice. The first issue of the Monastic Research Bulletin has now been published. lL is to be published each Autumn, at an Roberts, E. The Hill of the Martyr: an annual subscription rate of £3.00. The prime aim of the Architectural History of St. Alban's Abbey. Bulletin is to provide a point of contact and information The Bookcaslle, 12 Church Street, Dunstable, between individuals interested in a variety of aspects of

14 monastic studies in Britain. It is intended to contain LETTERS TO THE EDITOR notes on research projects, theses, publications, conferences, excavations etc. Dear Sir,

The first issue is of 32 A5 pages. containing notes from Last April's issue of Ecclesiology Today advised more than twenty people about their current researches. members of the October tour into the heart of lovely and a bibliography of recent publications. Surrey. In the September issue this was confirmed as being to the churches at Buckland, Brockbam, Capel, Contact Borthwick Institute, University of York, St. Cockney, Holmbury and Gralbarn. These were all by Anthony's Hall, York, YOl 2PW. Henry Woodyer (1816-96) save that at Holmbury which was by George Edmund Street. By now it will have been Royal Archaeological Institute a fail accompli, and the participants will have relished the tour, especially the crowning glory of its final venue, The Royal Archaeological In~titute has recently Woodyer's St. Andrew's, Gralbam. completed a pilot project to assess the feasibility of creating an index of church plans. Ideally such an index But what is known about Woodyer? Has be rather been would include a copy of the plan, alongside more basic eclipsed by William Butterfield? He worked with the information about the locality and general features of each latter briefly in 1844 and became bis friend, yet Woodyer individual church. The pilot project included church plans could well be assessed as an inventive genius. He was a in an apparently poorly recorded county, Worcestershire, Surrey man, son of a well-known Guildford surgeon, and plans from the extensive records of Leicestershire. It educated al Eton and Merton College, Oxford. As an is hoped that the pilot will provide the basis for a undergraduate he was much influenced by the Oxforr" decision as lo whether the research project should be Movement, a deciding factor in his calling as an architec•­ formally adopted by the RAI for a limited period, and if moulded to Ecclesiological principles. so. its scope and extent. The Society was told that, given the scale of the task, any full scale project would be To us in contemporary life, the bitterness, hate, abuse and likely to require local volunteers from around the country. mob violence that obtained in Victorian times between the two 'camps' of High and Low Church is bard to Contact: A. Quiney, RAI. c/o Society of Antiquaries, visualise. Epithets were burled one to another, clergy Burlington House, Piccadilly, London Wl VOHS. stoned (Fr. Wagner of Brighton) or imprisoned (Fr. Tooth of Hatcham, New Cross) as either Ritualists, Popish, Society for Church Archaeology Puseyites, on the one band, or Protestants. Kensitites, etc. on the other. Even church architects, among whom The Society for Church Archaeology will be launched at Woodyer and Teulon were numbered, who antagonised an inaugural meeting on Saturday, March 23rd 1996. The the 'Low Church' partisans were labelled 'Rogues'. proposed society, fostered by the Council for British Archaeology Churches Commiuee. will have· an annual St. Mark's, Wyke in Surrey (1847), would appear to have journal, an annual conference, and regional meetings. It been one of Woodyer's first churches. Then followed in will also have a campaigning role to improve the Gloucestershire, Holy Innocents al Higham with its position of church archaeology as a whole, involving accompanying vicarage, school and lodge of 1852. itself in such issues as redundancy and the proper Further commissions produced the famous St. Michael's archaeological scrutiny of church repairs and building College, Tenbury, Worcestershire of 1856, and projects. characteristic works such as the Chapel of the House o~ Mercy (now St. John's Convent) at Clewer. Contact: Churches Committee, Council for British Buckinghamshire, (1881). In his own country too, bis Archaeology, Bowes Morrell House, 111 Walmgate, opera included Cranleigh School. York YOl 2UA. (tel: 01904 671417). It is speculative lo consider how far he adhered to The The Pugin Society Ecclesiologist's tenets by advocating 'a low contour' and 'rough masonry', even going so far as to say: 'Let mean The recently founded Pugin Society bas a number of materials appear mean', with 'plainness' and 'reality' aims, including promotion of the name and work of being their watchwords, with pinnacles and parapets as Pugin and building up archives and information in superfluous. Ramsgate for the use of researchers and students. It will produce a scholarly newsletter, and intends to produce a With his mother, in 1854 he bought Gralbarn Grange substantial guidebook lo the Pugin sites. There are plans with some 170 acres of land from James Steadman, a for an annual one-day conference. former colleague of his father, and once settled decided to build a church there. It would prove more convenient for Contact: Hon. Secretary. Catriona Baker, 122 Grange himself and the local people than having to resort to the Road, Rarnsgate, Kent, CTl 1 9PT. Parish Church at Dunsford, some miles away. As its Patron too, he would be able to influence services in accordance with his Tractarian principles. It was consecrated by U1 e Bishop of Winchester in 1861.

Whether il was Woodyer' s perspicacity or defiance but his Bishop, having objected to St. Andrew's having a screen

15 dividing the nave from the chancel, as such being 'of Dear Sir, Popish origin', it proved impossible for its removal to be demanded as it was the main centre support to the roof! Further to tlle previous correspondence on the subject of the removal and re-erection of churches, I have by chance \ Other features of this church are its nave and apsidal recenlly encountered another English example. Canon chancel. The taller containing a superb alabaster reredos Walter Marcon, tlle rector of Edgefi eld in Norfolk, took carved by Woodyer's favourite sculptor, Mr. Nichols. down his medieval church and moved it to a site on the Also there is a small lancet window with a brilliant glebe, to be nearer the village. Tbe rebuilt church was depiction of the Crucifixion. The chancel windows were dedicated in 1885. Tbe cost of the removal was some designed by bis close friend and associate J. Hardman £2,000. The medieval octagonal tower can, I believe, Powell, and made by Hardman's of Birmingham. There still be seen standing in the old churchyard. is a nortl1 east vestry and south porch. Over its west gable is a small bell-cote containing two bells, wbicb is Do foreign examples count, and churches made of wood? surmounted by a small spire. The stave church at Got in Norway was moved to what is now the Bygdoy Folkemuseum in Oslo in 1884 to The writer bad a musical engagement in Eastbourne last preserve it, and tlle stave church in Fortun (also Norway) September which included being in the Chapel of its was moved to Fantoft, south of Bergen, in the same year. Hospital (for geriatrics) in Dukes Drive near Beachy Head; Unfortunately tllis latler church was destroyed by fire this is by Woodyer too, and well-worth a visit. three years ago. And in tlle evocative book by John Originally the foundation was a Religious Sisterhood Veillette and Gary White on Early Indian Village under the auspices of the famous ch urch of All Saints, Churches (British Columbia 1977) tllere is a picture of Margaret Street, Wl, Bullerfield's masterpiece of 1850 - Holy Cross, Pincbi, built in 1871 and one of the oldest hence tJ1e connection. remaining churches in northern British Columbia, a small exposed-log building which was moved in the thirties of One can hope for publication, in due course, of a tllis century to higher ground to avoid repeated flooding. monograph of a far more definitive and comprehensive survey of the rather elusive Henry Woodyer, from one Yours sincerely, with far more expertise and erudition, to remedy the manifold omissions of the above letter. Trevor Cooper 38 Rosebery Avenue Yours sincerely, New Malden Surrey

Harry Coles 6 The Chestnuts Ollards Orove Lough ton Items for the April n ewsletter should be Essex IGIO 4DL received by no later than 3lst March.

N.B. The views expressed by contributors In the Newsletter arc their own and do not necessarily r cncct those of the Society or Its Council.

16 SUMMER VISITS FOR · 1996 ' Accommodation: Thursday and Friday nights, June 13tb and 14tb, may be spent at the Angel Hotel, Abergavenny. An interesting range of venues bas been selected. For Cost only £90 for excellent dinners, bed and breakfasts. those travelling from further afield accommodation can be found to make a longer break. The £90 cheque for accommodation, also payable to "The Ecclesiological Society" need not be sent to Moira Suggestions are always welcome for the future. Some Thomas until March 28th, at 45 Victoria Court, offers are already 'on file' so your idea may well figure in Abergavenny, Gwent NP7 5PW. 1997-8!

To attend excursions please forward the blue page and MONDAY 24TH JUNE LINCOLNSHIRE send it with stamped addressed envelope and cheque payable to the Ecclesiological Society to:- Mr. K.J.Fryer, Visiting churches Nort11 of Grantham and finishing with a 10, Coronation Road, Sheerness, Kent., MEl2 2QN. tour of Marston Hall and tea by invitation of Mr. Henry Early bookings assist but last minute places can Tborold. sometimes be arranged. Refunds will not normally be possible. Friends and family are generally welcome on Exact timings will depend on train connections fo· these tours. Nottingham, Peterborough and London but expecteo departure from Grantham station will be at 11.30 with return there about 7 .20 p.m. SATURDAY 13th APRIL CANTERBURY A stop will be made for lunch or picnic on the route An opportunity to visit some of the smaller and lesser which is expected to be:- known churches in and near the city. The morning will feature a gentle stroll through the city beginning at the Sedgebrook, St. Lawrence - subject to major building East station at 10.00 and visiting St. Mildred's, St. repair work permitting entry; Allington, Holy Trinity; Peter's (with coffee) and St. Dunstan 's. After a sandwich Foston St. Peter; and Marston itself. lunch a visit to St. Stephen's will be made. In the afternoon a short ride will probably include churches at Cost: includes coach and visit with tea at Nackington and Patrixbourne before returning to tl1e city Marston Hall £1.Q for a cream tea.

Cost., inclusive of coffee, sandwiches, coach and tea ill THURSDAY 19th SEPTEMBER GLOUCESTERSHIRE

SATURDAY 15th JUNE WELSH BORDERS This tour will follow one of the new church trails produced by Gloucester Diocese - " the Nailswortb Ring of An exciting day visiting exceptional churches will be led Churches". It will include splendid Cotswold scenery. by Miss Moira Thomas. Exact times will depend on train connections but the coach will leave Abergavenny Departure will be from Bath Bus Station, opposite the station soon after 10.30 a.m. This tour will include railway station at about 11.15 (to connect with train Skenfrith castle and church; Kilpeck church and motte; arrival from Paddington and Reading) and return there no Abbey Dore; Llanthony Abbey and church and St. Mary's later than 7.30 p.m. Priory Church, Abergavenny where high tea will be provided. A lunch stop will be made at Skenfrith where Tbe first visits will be to Kingscote, St. John and food will be available at the Bell Inn or you can picnic. Horsley, St. Martin. Lunch will be available at a country Little walking is involved. pub (or you can picnic).

Those coming from London will not need to leave In tlle afternoon oilier churches - probably Avening, Holy Paddington until 8.00 and will travel via Newport. You Cross and Cberington, St. Nicholas will be visited will be back at Abergavenny or Newport soon after followed by a private tour of Cbavenage House whose 6 p.m. (or 7 .30 ish at Newport) for trains home. Details chapel fig ures in the trail. Tea will be included as part of will be confirmed before the tour regarding connections. tlle visit.

Cost of coach and afternoon tea will be Cost: Not available at time of going to press.

17 ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

EVENTS IN 1996

Pending the publication of the full programme of events for 1996, members may wish to make a note of the following dates.

First lecture series: Lectures will be held at 6.30 p.m. in the Parish Room of the Church of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe, SL Andrew's Hill, London, EC4, on Wednesdays 3lst January, 28th February, 27th March and 27th April. On the evening of Wednesday 31st January, Miss Jill Kerr of English Heritage will be speaking on Historic stained glass.

The Annual General Meeting will take place at 6.30 p.m. on Wednesday 22nd May, 1996, in the Parish Room of the Church of St Andrew by the Wardrobe, St Andrew's Hill, London, EC4.

The time and date of the Annual Service has yet to be arranged.

Central London early evening___yisits will take place at 6.30 p.m. on the evenings of Wednesday 19th June and Wednesday 17th July.

Second lecture series: Lectures will be held at 6.30 p.m. in the Parish Room of the Church of St. Andrew by the Wardrobe, St Andrew's Hill, London, EC4, on Wednesdays llth September, 9th October, 6th November and 4th December.

It is hoped to arrange a key social event on the evening of Wednesday 18th December.

Paul Velluet Chairman ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY CONFERENCE 1996 THE CITY OF LONDON CHURCHES

Please tick one of the following.

A I am very likely to be attending the Conference, and bringing ...... guests with me. D

B There is a possibility of my attending the Conference, and bringing ...... guests with me. D

C I am unlikely to attend the Conference but might attend an

Ecclesiological Society weekend conference at some time in the future . D

., ...:. .:·· .....: ·: . ... ~: ·~ ._... ·...... _. :. . .. . -

Name:

Address:

Thank you for completing this form. Please send it to the Conference Administrator:

John Elliott Orcheston House Broomrigg Road Fleet Hants GU13 8LR

BOOKING FORM FOR SUMMER TOURS

NAME:

ADDRESS:

TELEPHONE:

I wish to book

____ place(s) for CANTERBURY at £12 each and enclose £___ _

Joining at East Station (10.00) West Station (9.45) Sittingboume station (9.10)

____ place(s) for ABERGA VENNY at £12.50 each and enclose £ ____

Joining at Abergavenny (10.30)

or travelling via Newport (probably 9.45)

If you require details of accommodation at the Angel, Abergavenny, please apply directly to Moria Thomas (address shown in notes)

____ place(s) for LINCOLNSffiRE at £10 each and enclose £ ____

I am/am not interested in the GLOUCESTERSIDRE visit in September.

Cheque for£____ enclosed with stamped addressed envelope.

Please give names of others travelling.

Please send all applications as early as possible to:- Mr. K.J. Fryer, 10, Coronation Road, Sheerness, Kent, ME12 2QN. ECCLESIOLOGY TODAY

Number 10 April 1996

Incorporating the NEWSLETIER of the ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Successor ofthe Cambridge Camden Society of 1839 Registered Charity no. 210501

PRESIDENT; D.R. Buttress, MA, Dip.Arch., FSA, ARIBA Surveyor of Wesuninster Abbey

IN THIS ISSUE

Annual General Meeting and Annual Commemorative Service Report of Ille Council for the Calendar Year 1995 A Note on Ille Accounts Articles: George Pace, Installation of Kempe's Ely Windows, The Moving Church Pugin Glass at Sherbornc For the Bookshelf Details of Ille Society's visits and lecture programme ECCLESIOLOGY TODAY

Number 10 April 1996

Incorporating the NEWSLETTER of the ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Successor ofthe Cambridge Camden Society of 1839 Registered Charity no. 210501

PRESIDENT: D.R. Buttress, MA, Dip.Arch., FSA, AR.IBA Surveyor of Westminster Abbey

THE SOCIETY' S OFFICERS

CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL: Paul Velluet, B.A., Their addresses are shown above. BArch, MLitt, RIBA, 9 Bridge Road, St. Margaret's, Twickenham, Middlesex TWl IRE. SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR 1996 HON. SECRETARY & EDITOR of "ECCLESIOLOGY TODAY": Professor Kenneth H. Murta, BArch, DipArcb, Annual subscriptions for 1996 became due on l st January FR.IBA, "Underedge", Back Lane, Hathersage, Derbyshire and, if not yet paid, should be sent to the Honorary S30 lAR. Treasurer, Mr. R. L. Cline, whose address is 34 HON. TREASURER: Roger Cline, MA, LLB, 34 Kingstown Street, London NWl 8JP. MEMBERS WHO Kingstown Street, London NWl 8JP. HA VE NOT YET RENEWED THEIR HON. DIRECTOR OF VISITS: Jonathan Fryer, 10 SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE PARTICULARLY ASKED TO Coronation Road, Sheerness, Kent ME12 2QN. DO SO WITHOUT DELAY IN ORDER TO A VOID HON. MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY: John Henman, 6 ANY RISK THAT THEIR MEMBERSHIP WILL Nadir Court, Blake Hall Road, Wanstead, London E l 1 LAPSE. Renewal forms were enclosed with the last 2QE. (January) issue of "Ecclesiology Today". HON. CURATOR: Cecil Chapman, 33 Pollards Hill North, Norbury, London SW16 4NJ. The subscription rates are again unchanged: £6 for HON. ASSISTANT SECRETARY (Correspondence): members within 30 miles of central London (reduced to Kenneth V. Richardson, 3 Sycamore Close, Court Road, £4 for under-25 and retired members) and £5 for corporate Mottingham, London SE9 4RD. members. Overseas rates are likewise the same as for last HON. DIRECTOR OF PUBLICITY: Trevor Cooper, year. Banker's order and covenant forms may be obtained BA, MA, MBA, 38 Rosebery A venue, New Malden, from the Honorary Treasurer on request. Surrey KT3 4JS. CONFERENCE ORGANISER: Christopher Webster, School of Arts, Staffordshire University, Flaxman Building, College Road, Stoke on Trent ST4 2XW. BOOK ORDERS: Melanie Brooks, 8 Hextable C lose, ANNUAL COMMEMORATIVE SERVICE Stanhope Road, Ashford, Kent, TN23 5IF AND ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

CORRESPONDENCE This year, arrangements have been made for the Annual By kind permission of the Rector and Churchwardens, the General Meeting, Annual Service and Reception to be Society is able to use the Church of SL Andrew-by-the­ held at the Church of St. Mary Abchurch, Abchurch Wardrobe in the City of London as its registered address. Lane, London E.C.4., on Wednesday 22nd May. The However , w ill m e m bers please note that Annual Meeting will commence at 6.00 p.m. followed at correspondence for the attention of the 6.30 p.m. by the Commemorative Choral Evensong. Society's officers should NJ2I.. be sent to that The preacher will be The Revd. Dr. Jeffrey John, Parish address, but should be directed to the officer Priest and theologian. This will be followed by a concerned with the subject matter. This will Reception. normally be as follows: These are important events in the Society's calendar, and Membership: John Henman it is hoped that as many members as possible will attend. "Ecclesiology Today": Professor Kenneth Murta Other publications: Trevor Cooper The formal notice convening the meeting appears below, All other matters: Kenneth Richardson together with the agenda. NOTICE is hereby given that, in accordance with Law 7. To elect an Honorary Auditor under Law X. The VII, the ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of members of following nomination had been received by 31st the Ecclesiological Society will be held on Wednesday the March 1996: 22nd May 1996, commencing at 6.00 p.m., at the John Hanks, Esq., ACA Church of St. Mary Abchurch, Abchurch Lane, London E.C.4., to transact the business on the agenda set out 8. To transact any other business. hereunder. 9. Vote of thanks to the Rector and Churchwardens of St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe. SL Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe, London EC4V SDE PAUL VELLUET April 1996 Chairman of the Council REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1995 AGENDA

1. Introduction by the Chairman of the Council. TOURS, VISITS AND MEETINGS

2. To approve the minutes of the Annual General Jonathan Fryer arranged a series of interesting visits to Meeting which was held on 18th May 1995. (Copies churches outside London, beginning in March with a of the minutes will be distributed on the day to whole-day tour in west Kent; then another, in April, to members attending the meeting.) see some round-tower churches in Essex. In September came a four-day programme, based in Louth, of visits in 3. To receive the accounts for 1995 and the report of the Lincolnshire; and in October a final whole-day tour in Honorary Auditor thereon. Surrey. Crowning the autumn tours was a week's trip to Brittany, with expeditions from Guingamp. 4. To receive the report of the Council for the year 1995. In London, Paul Velluet arranged a special visit in 5. To elect a President and Vice-Presidents for the September to the exhibition ''900 Years: The Restoration ensuing year in accordance with Law III and Law VD. of Wesuninster Abbey" at St. Margaret's Church, The following nominations had been received by 3 1s t Wesuninster, led by Donald Buttress, Surveyor of the March 1996: Fabric and President of the Society; a joint meeting in October with the Friends of St. Ethelburga's, President: Bishopsgate, to learn the latest position on developments at that church; an illustrated talk in November by Elaine D.R. Buttress, Esq., MA, DipArch, FSA, ARlBA Harwood of English Heritage on "The Listing of Modem Churches"; and another by Andrew Saint, author and Vice-Presidents: Professor of Architecture at Cambridge University, on "The Victorian Church". This last event was followed by J.C. Mervyn Blatch, Esq. a reception. Frank Field, Esq., M.P. J.P. Foster, Esq., MA, FSA, ARlBA The Annual Commemorative Service this year took the The Revd. Dr. M.J. Peel, M.Litt., BD, FRSA form of Choral Evensong at Southwark Cathedral, the M.J. Saunders, Esq., MA, FSA preacher being the Right Reverend David Stanicliffe, The Venerable G.B. Timms, MA. Bishop of Salisbury. The Service was followed by the Annual General Meeting, held in the Refectory of the 6. To elect honorary officers and members of the Council Cathedral, the proceedings being concluded by an informal under Law IV and Law VII. The following reception. nominations had been received by 31 st March 1996:

Honorary Officers: PUBLICATIONS

Director of Meetings Paul Velluet, BA, BArch., The Society's newsletter "Ecclesiology Today", edited by MLitt., RlBA Professor Kenneth Murta, was published three times Secretary Professor Kenneth Murta, BArch., during the year and issued free to members. Included were DipArch., FRIBA major articles by contributors on such varied subjects as Treastuer Roger Cline, MA, LLB Pulpitums and Choir Screens; the Archaeological Membership Secretary John Henman Investigation of the Site of St. Benet Sherebog in the Director of Publicity Trevor Cooper, BA. City of London; Beating the Bounds; Proposals for a MA, MBA Classification of Font Covers; Edgar Cook, Organist of Correspondence Secretary Kenneth Richardson Southwark Cathedral 1909-53; and A Medieval Requiem Director of Visits Jonathan Fryer Mass. Also featured were reprints of essays by William Minutes Secretary Ian Watt Cowper (1756) and an anonymous ecclesiologist (1846), as well as numerous regular items such as Book Reviews, Member of the Council: Christopher Webster, Churches in the News, and information received from BA,MA other societies. Contributions from members are always

2 ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT BALANCE SHEET for the year ended 31st December 1995 as at 31st December 1995

1994 1995 1994 1995 E Income E £ Assets E 1852 Subscriptions and donations 1998 311 6 Bookcases 3116 1577 Dividends and interest 1798 less Depreciation _lLl. 26 Surplus from tours 41 3116 2804 264 Sale of publications 1022 Stock of Publications 31 1 4 less Depreciati on _ill_ 3719 Total Income 4859 311 4 2803 2584 1 Investments at Market Value 31780 Expenditure 323 Cash on deposit: CBFCE 342 1356 Cash at Bank and in hand 1262 1847 (Newsletters 1428 (Administration 612 33750 38987 314 AGM costs 452 Liabilities 360 Other Meetings 310 675 Publications 1679 Subscriptions in advance 1006 492 Publicity 235 Expenses from 1993 and 1994 214 Net Assets 37985 not previously noted 3688 Total Expenditure 4930 Represented by :­ Ha rrison Gen Fund Fund Total 31 (Deficit)/Surplus ( 71 ) 38 31 2 Brought forward 924 32826 33750 (4593) Increase/ (decrease) Investments in value of investments 270 5669 5939 46 E125.51 3 1/2% War Stock 57 Less income reinvested ( 147) (863) ( 101 0 ) 15297 2976 National Westminster Bank 31 Less deficit for the year ( 71 ) ( 71 ) £ 1 ordinary shares 19314 Less provision for depreciation -1..§1}) -1.fil) 413 129 Electra Investment Trust 33750 36938 37985 25p ordinary shares 472 8618 6430 Central Board of Finance Fixed Notes: Interest Securities Fund 10200 1. Depeciation of f i xed assets is provided at 10% p.a .. 1467 1095 Ditto (Harrison Fund) 17 37 2 . The stock of publications has not been valued. 258 41 31780 Depreciation of the book cost is provided at 10% p.a ..

Auditor's Re port: I have examined t he books and r ecords of t he Soci ety for the year ended 31st December 1995, and confirm that these accounts are ·in accordance therew i t h. J M Hanks, LLM ACA . appreciated, and should range from full articles to short A NOTE ON THE ACCOUNTS paragraphs on topics of ecclesiological interest, and from the Hon. Treasurer should be sent directly to the editor for consideration. Members are also encouraged to use "Ecclesiology Today" I do not have a complete balance sheet for you at this as a forum for discussion (though the Society's Council stage, but have prepared a draft profit and loss account. may not necessarily agree with their expressed views!) and The auditor may well wish the figures to be presented in a through its pages to seek advice or information from different way. I hope the complete balance sheet, duly fellow members on research they may be undertaking. A audited, will be available for the AGM and the newsletter welcome trend noted during the year has been the increase editor may wish to include it in the following newsletter. in letters sent to the editor for publication. The general A copy of the audited accounts when available can be bad message to members is that this is YOUR newsletter, and by sending a large stamped addressed envelope to the its liveliness and interest depend largely upon what YOU Treasurer, in any case. put into it. INCOME Sales of booklets published by the Society were particularly buoyant during the year, resulting in some Subscriptions for 1995 £2080 strain on the resources available to keep pace with Publications sales £1022 demand. The Council had hoped to publish two new Dividends £1700 booklets by the year's end, but these good intentions were Interest £ 98 in the event thwaned by unforeseeable complications at a Miscellaneous £ 11 6 very late stage and distribution had to be deferred until 1996. Further booklets are in preparation and will be Total £5016 published as circumstances allow.

EXPENDITURE MEMBERSHIP AND ADMINISTRATION Publication production £1679 Under the management of Trevor Cooper a widespread Newsletters £1428 campaign, launched in 1994, to recruit new members was Administration £ 714 continued throughout t11 e year with considerable success. AGM cost £ 452 As at 31s t December 1995 the membership roll had risen Other Meetings £ 310 to 614, an increase of 41 % since the previous year's end, Publicity £ 235 and a new record for the Society. The Council's pleasure in noting this achievement was diluted by sadness in Total £4818 recording the loss of four members who bad died during the previous year: Excess of income over expenditure £198

Stephen Ernest Dykes Bower (former Chairman of the Society) Liabilities John Lewis Rodrigues John Beaumont Subs paid in advance and Life membership William Reed Homby Steer subscription reserve £1006

Far from being lulled into a sense of misguided self­ satisfaction by the generally fl ourishing state of the Questions have been asked at several recent AGMs about Society's affairs, the Council bas initiated a careful the level of administration expenses. I have analysed the review of its administration and services, with the aim of administration expenses incurred this year, so that those ensuring that the best possible use continues to be made who wish to know can see where the money is going. of its available resources in the interests of members. This year's administration figure does not correspond To this end a Long Tenn Planning discussion was held in exactly with previous years' figures, since I have extracted November, at which nine specific issues were identified the newsletter expenses (printing, stationery and postage) for further investigation. A preliminary report has since which themselves account for about £2 per current been published in "Ecclesiology Today" and there will be member. further accounts of progress from time to time. We pay £100 annually to St Mary Abcburcb for use of To sum up, the Council have worked bard in 1995 to the vestry to store our archives and bold commiuee provide an interesting programme of activities and meetings. For some reason the 1993 cheque was never published material fo r the benefit of the Society's presented (and not picked up by those doing both sets of members. There will always be room for improvement, accounts for that year) and we bad to pay again this year, and fresh ideas will always be willingly examined - so the cost is abnormally doubled at £200. particularly if accompanied by offers of help in implementing them! The Membership Secretary spent £ 196 on stationery, photocopying and postage in answering membership K. Richardson enquiries and sending out membership cards to all members who pay by cheque and publications to new

3 members. Membership cards themselves cost £42. The ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY Publications Secretary, being involved both in publicity CONFERENCE 3 - 6 OCTOBER 1996 and publications sales, fields a lot of general enquiries and THE CITY CHURCHES TODAY: THEIR his general expenses were £98. Tbe Correspondence HISTORY AND FUTURE Secretary does likewise and has claimed £83. Place: Bridewell Hall, near St. Bride's, The Auditor (who does not charge a fee) claimed expenses Fleet Street of £40, the Treasurer £26, and the Chairman £5. We Fee: To be announced, but about £25 spent £25 on a leaving present to my predecessor. These are all rounded figures and add up to the figure of £714.24 The Society's first weekend conference for many years is in this year's accounts, representing about £1 per current now generating increasing interest and its tightly-packed member. schedule promises to be both informative and stimulating. The title, venue and dates can now be There is no tax refund figure in the accounts. I found that confirmed, a detailed programme has been drawn up, and excess tax bad been claimed in earlier years and that many speakers are being booked. There will be a number of covenants bad been allowed to expire without renewal. 1 papers dealing with aspects of these churches' histories have not yet bad time to analyse the situation in detail, from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. In but expect that by the time I have refunded the addition, it is believed that the conference offers a timely overclaimed tax and claimed refund of tax on the opportunity to examine a number of issues which will remaining covenants, the net figure will be fairly low or continue to inform the debate about the future of this even negative. I shall be inviting the completion of new outstandingly important group of buildings. The covenants in the next newsletter. organisers are pleased to be able to announce that a R. Cline number of distinguished speakers - both historians and those concerned with shaping policy for future use - have accepted invitations to address the conference. It is Should the balance sheet be ready in time it will be expected that the busy schedule for the weekend will enclosed with this issue, otherwise it will be published in include visits to a number oficburches, a service, a the September issue. musical recital and a reception.

&Ji tor ·Those who filled in the form that was sent out with the last Newsletter are now on the conference mailing list, and will automatically be sent further details - including a A WORD FROM THE ACTING HON. booking form - as they become available. For those who PUB LI CATI ONS SECRETARY missed the January Newsletter, another form is enclosed with this Newsletter, printed on pink paper. Anyone I picked up the role of Acting Honorary Publications wanting to be added to the mailing list should complete it Secretary in 1994, along with Director of Publicity. and return it to the Conference Administrator. It is NOT Since then we have issued two publications, two more are necessary for those who have already completed a form to about to be published (see below), and a number of return this one. original titles are lined up to follow, covering all periods C. Webster from the eleventh to the twentieth century.

Where I have not managed so well is in handling book GEORGE PACE: ARCHITECT 1915-1975 orders. For various reasons, including heavy professional commitments, (and my other work for the Society), I A conference was held in Feb'ruary al the University of have sometimes been slow to respond. Last year when a York on the life and work of George Pace, the York based record number of members joined there was a consequent architect who carried out work in almost every diocese in record demand for booklets, and the system creaked at the England and Wales. The conference was organised by joints. Peter Burman, a member of the Society who drew attention in his welcoming address to the presence of the So this is by way of apology to those members who have President, Chairman and Hon. Secretary of the suffered, and also to say how delighted we are that, Ecclesiological Society which could be taken as a pointer following the notice in the previous Newsletter, Melanie to the significance of George Pace as one of the foremost Brooks has volunteered to handle book orders from May ecclesiastical architects of this century. onwards. You will find ber address at the front of this Newsletter. The first paper was by Peter, the son of George Pace, who now carries on the architectural practice. There was As regards our immediately forthcoming publications, an a wide ranging review of the work of his father in unexpected delay has occurred to both. However, by the sequential order. The great restoration of Llandaff time you read this we expect one to be at the printers; Cathedral immediately after the ending of the second this will be sent to you under separate cover when world war marked, not only the beginning of a reputation printed. The other may accompany it, or be enclosed for conservation work, but also enhanced his position as with the September Newsletter. an architect working in the modem idiom.

Trevor Cooper It is important to remember that during the restoration of Llandaff the designs were implemented for the insertion of

4 a pulpitum in the nave carryin g the Majesta by Jacob working procedures of the office were described; the Epstein. This established Pace as an innovative modem impression received was that there was a critical search for designer. Tbe parabolic arches surmounted by an organ the correct solution to every problem, large or small. case, itself adorned witb gilded elements salvaged from tbe Setting out full size details on the floor if they were too bomb damaged ruins, became one of tbe icons of modem large for drawing boards and the use of full size mock ups ecclesiastical architecture. showed the depU1 of investigation that was taken into architectural problems before the final decisions were Appointment to several other cathedrals followed. made. We are fortunate to have this glimpse of what was Members of tbe society present at the annual service in clearly a superb architectural practice. George Pace can be 1995 would be aware of bis work at Southwark, in regarded as a major ecclesiastical architect of the twentieth particular the Harvard Chapel. A large proportion of century - ranking with such giants as Scott, Street and Pace's work dealt with conservation. Peter Burman drew Shaw of the previous century. out the philosophy of conservation as exemplified in Pace's work and led visits to two churches in the area and Since the conference report was written it has been where the principles formulated by Pace had been put into announced that four Pace churches have been listed. They practice. It was extremely illuminating to see bow the are: theoretical application of conservation policies had resulted not only in extending the life of medieval Holy Redeemer, York. GradeIJ buildings and elements but also provided an environment Scargill Chapel Grade II* for ensuring that the churches continued to function in Chapel Keele University, Keele Grade II modem terms, j ust, as Pace would argue they did in the St. Mark's Chadderton Grade II medieval period when they were first conceived and built. The William Temple Memorial Church, Wythenshawe, bas not been listed, although it was understood to have been shortlisted. It is hoped that the interregnum at TllR)'BERGH · CllURCti·WCST·RID Wythenshawe will soon be over and the Church in full YORKSHIRE: : Ttl6 ·1l£W·Vf.STR!t: use once more. Repairs have been recently carried out to ...,!J,J. t;o .... .; ..... , ,. • •• ,ll•"h• '"' ~ restore damaged windows.

•INST ALLATI ON OF KEMPE'S ELY WINDOWS AT LINSLADE

As announced in Ecclesiology Today (No.6, January ·= 1995), six windows made in 1882 by Kempe for the chapel of the Theological College, Ely, were installed in S t. Bamabas's Church, Linslade. The windows depicting six missionary bishops were latterly in the care of Ely .Stained Glass Museum in Ely Cathedral. Now two more windows also made by Kempe in 1882 for the same chapel have been added to the six at Linslade.

The two windows depict in four panels Ule Nativity and the Adoration of the Shepherds, and the Annunciation to Mary and the Annunciation to the Shepherds. The windows are exquisite. Like the other six, they were restored by the Carl Edwards Studio and installed by the ..., ...... __ generosity of Mrs. Harold Hall and by permission of the _._ 1m...... Trustees of the Stained Glass Museum. The Nativity and "•' ...... ~ the Sbepberds' Adoration appear on a Medici Society Christmas card.

Members wishing to see the windows should phone one Professor Murta gave a critical appreciation of three of the churchwardens (01525) 375217 or 373638, as my seminal buildings - Whirlow Chapel, Sheffield; William successor as Vicar bas not yet been appointed. The Temple Memorial Church, Wythensbawe; and SL Mark, windows were installed in September last, a few days Broomhill, Sheffield. There was a brief discussion on the before I left the parish to become Warden of the College present deplorable state of the William Temple Memorial of St. Barnabas, Lingfi eld. We shall be pleased to Church. The possibility th at this might be listed and welcome members to the College, where they can see become eligible for grant aid was mooted. The formation another remarkable Kempe window depicting the heavenly of a group of friends of the Church was a possibility. Jerusalem.

The conference ended with a fascinating talk on Pace's The Revd. Dr. Michael J. Peel working methods by John Hutchinson, his associate and ( Fom1erly Vicar ofLinslade and Vice-President ofthe partner for many years. Tbe somewhat idiosyncratic Society)

5 KEYSTONES: ARCHITECTURE OR end of the scale is St. Aidan's at Leamore, Walsall, where COMMUNITY? a 1960s housing estate church, under threat of closure, was renovated with the help of volunteer labour, and an The following article was published in Church Building. adjacent portacabin turned into an effective church centre. Thanks and acknowledgement are due to the Editor and Author. Redundant churches, perhaps more than any other building type, are, because of their noticeability, symbols ' ' V eystone" is a word heavy with architectural and of urban decay. Thus their revitalisation suggests a ft.metaphorical implication. Its use by the Church change in the fortunes of a depressed area The recognised Urban Fund as the title of its "trailblazing new need is now for community facilities while still retaining competition" would suggest something about the a place of worship within the building. At St. character of the event and the nature of the winner. But Mattbew's, •Necballs*, Birmingham, the Grade II listed depending upon bow you interpret the word, you will church, bas been transformed into a multi-use social and either be thrilled or saddened by the results which were commercial centre, with letable office space, but still announced by the Bishop of Salisbury at Lambeth Palace retains its role as a place of worship. Built in 1839-40 on 24th October. by William Thomas, St. Matthew's was the first of five churches funded by the Birmingham Church Building Keystones was launched to mark the tenth anniversary of Society. The recent reordering of the building was the Anglican report, Faith in the City, with the intention achieved by a congregation of just 30 who raised over of identifying schemes which have succeeded in £900,000. St. Thomas 's, Huddersfield, built by Sir revitalising, against the odds, Urban Priority Areas which Gilbert Scott in 1858-59 was reordered for only £150,000 the Church Urban Fund has helped to prime. Out of 41 (including a £35,000 grant from the Church Urban Fund). entries, 12 were short listed for the £5,000 award which By the insertion of a wavy screen wall towards the west was to be used to commission a new work of art for their end of the nave a series of community rooms were created location. The winner was St. Paul's Church, Rossmore beneath a new gallery, and the proportions and scale of Road, Marylebone, London. Scott's interior retained. (See Church Building, Summer 1991, pp.39-41). Shonlisted: All Saints Denaby Main, Doncaster The problem of inserting new functions into old buildings bas been achieved very simply in a 1950s non­ conformist church at Bromley-by-Bow in East London. Here the simple addition of a fabric canopy over the worship space not only defines that area but, by leaving the interior of the church open, allows the remaining spaces to be used effectively for community purposes use throughout the week. At the church of SS Augustine, Mark and Fotini in Folkestone, an Anglican and Greek Orthodox congregation have come together to share a new building. The old church ball bas been renovated to provide a chapel where the Anglican/Orthodox fusion is represented tangibly in the architecture. Here a sliding panel functions both as chancel and iconostasis screen.

The reordering of the most spectacular church in the competition, Arthur Beresford Pite's Christ Church in Brixton, London, was only "Highly Commended". Built in 1902-03 in a polychromatic, Byzantine style, this large domed building with painted lettering by Eric Gill set around its chancel arch and down its pendentives, is listed Grade II. Now 20 people live under its roof and 50 people work there; seven congregations use the building for worship, and shops and workshops, a library and even rent tribunals operate there too. The work at Christ Church was extensive and the cost some £2 million.

The vestry and ancillary accommodation, located around a small garden court at the north end of the west facade, was converted to contain a pastoral centre, community centre, vicarage and temporary accommodation, and a matching Not all the schemes involved, as might be expected, the pavilion to house a cafe and charity shop was built at the rehabilitation of existing churches. At All Saints, south end of the facade. Using yellow stock bricks with Denaby Main, Doncaster, a new building was created out red brick trim, lhe new work fuses well with the old of the ruins of the old, with pit props and other artefacts building, picking up on lhe clerestorey windows of the brought up from the redundant Denaby Main Colliery to nave. The 1,400 seat interior bas been subdivided, all the provide not just structural components for the new nave to the west of the transepts being screened off to buildings, but tangible links with the past. At the other create a nartbex or ball. The south transept has been

6 further subdivided to provide separate worship areas for not that in the City. However, the reredos, organ, pulpit, different Churches, and a new octagonal weekday chapel font, sword rest, and a Comper chandelier (retrieved from inserted into the north transept. the blitzed Pearson church of St. John, Red Lion Square, Holbom) were all used to furnish the new church, which This is a major reordering carried out with verve and much resembles the Lombard Street one which I saw as a vision. The excitement of the church is retained and even boy. There is also the Tyson monument and an old enhanced. So why was the Keystones Award given to a gateway. reordering which, by comparison, appears so flat? It was not All Saints, Blenheim Grove, Camberwell Built about 1830, St. Paul's, Rossmore Road is an which was re-erected at Biggin Hill, but All Saints, North architecturally thin, Early English preaching box, which Peckham. I knew St. James, Hampstead Road well, and presents but one facade to the street. Its long brick wall indeed have a set of vestments, candlesticks, and a bust of is divided into five clerestoreyed bays and the only relief, St. Rose of Lima given to me by the Churchwarden a twin-doored, trefoiled porch, is set at one end. The before it was demolished after the War, but I do not think interior, where long, thin columns support the gallery is it was rebuilt anywhere. no more uplifting. The only joy is in the heavily gilded, perpendicular reredos, but this is of a later date. On the campus at Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin is a lovely mediaeval chapel dedicated to St. This rehabilitation of this church has been not so much a Joan of Arc, once in Central France, I think near Orleans, reordering but really more a conversion job. The gallery which was purchased and rebuilt, and is in regular use for has been boxed in, the bays between the thin shafts now Roman Catholic worship. I have mislaid my booklet blind and uninteresting, and the space behind turned into about it, so cannot give its former provenance. Mention meeting rooms and activity centre. A kitchen has been should also be made of Old Mariners (Anglican) church in inserted at the west end, but the detailing of the internal Detroit, Michigan. Founded in 1842 and the oldest stone door and window is banal and depressingly domestic. And building in the City, it was moved 880 feet on rollers to in the body of the church, the floor has been cleared of all a new site near the entrance to the Detroit-Windsor furniture, even the altar set on castors and rolled away, (Ontario) Tunnel in 1955. A memorial tower was added and the space left open and vacuous. to the rebuilt church given by a local man in memory of his parents with one large bell. There was some talk a Yet socially, in terms of its role in the community, St. year or two back of removing a church at Covenham, Paul's is an enormous success. That is has regained its Lines. to the USA. I have not beard of any outcome. Parish status and is one out of nine churches in the Deanery to have a settled population is evidence of this. In 1856 St. Matthew's church at Marstow in Thus to its community it is a keystone, and the receipt of Herefordshire was moved from its original riverside site to the Keystone Award might, if suitably applied, help a high ground half a mile away at Brellston Green. In the little to uplift t11is uninspiring preaching box. Isle of Oxney in Kent, St. Mary's church at Ebony stood on a hillock. It was burnt in the 16th century and rebuilt, The Keystones Award presents a dichotomy. Is it an and subsequently removed to its present site in the hamlet architectural award, as the name might imply to some, or of Reading Street, the materials from the older building a community award, as it might seem to others? Perhaps being used. it actually could be both. Mention should be made of the Wang chapel at Karpacz Dr. Neil Jackson, Senior Lecturer in Architecture in the Sudeten Mountains region of Silesia, Poland, near University of Nottingham Jelenia Gora. This was originally built in the 12th century on the banks of Lake Wang in Southern Norway. But by the 19th century the church was not only too THE MOVING CHURCH small for the local congregation, but needed extensive repairs. It was offered for sale, and was purchased in 1841 I was surprised that in a list printed in a recent number of by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia, dismantled Ecclesiology Today that no mention was made of All piece by piece, and taken to Berlin. It was tlien Hallows, Great Chertsey Road, Twickenham, Middlesex. transplanted to Karpacz, took two years to re-assemble and was consecrated in the presence of the King. It is not All Hallows, Lombard Street, City, by Wren, being in a only the oldest church in the region, but the highest in bad condition, indeed dangerous, owing to subsidence of altitude. It is made of hard Norwegian pine, and assembled the soil which resulted in serious cracks. It was decided without a single nail. It is assisted to keep warm by to demolish the church in 1938, and the site was sold to being surrounded by a cloister, and a detached stone belfry Barclays' Bank, for the extension of their bead offices. A was added later. There is a Roman Catholic Mass on condition was made that the priceless fittings must be Sunday mornings, and it is kept open in daylight. preserved, and a new church built to contain them. This was done at Twickenham to the designs of Mr. Robert I am convinced that more churches would have a new Atkinson. lease of life if they were removed to where there is a need rather than new districts erecting obscene monstrosities But the rebuilding of the fine tower, hardly visible in looking like crematoria with towers like fire stations have Lombard Street, after dismantling and every stone bei ng attached. People who have loved a closed church would numbered, with the fine ring of ten bells, in 1940 made rejoice to know that other people are cherishing and using me forget that the church itself was a new building, and it. Maybe Bodley's wonderful St. Michael, Camden

7 Town, now in a depressing state, could be rebuilt What is the case about? elsewhere, and the sale of its site should go a long way to paying for its rebuilding with its Conner glory in a new The PCC of Sherbome Abbey wish to replace the Pugin location. glass of the great west window with a modem design. The Revd. Father P.E. Blagdon-Gamlen The PCC were opposed by a number of bodies, including the DAC, The Victorian Society and the Council for the Care of Churches. CHURCHES IN THE NEWS What are the main arguments? KING CHARLES THE MARTYR, TUNBRIDGE WELLS In my own words:

The Church of King Charles the Martyr, Tunbridge The PCC believe that the glass has come to the end of its Wells, was damaged by arsonists on January 5th, after natural life and that its simple repetition of Old failing to steal from a collection box attached to a wall. Testament patriarchs is not helpful to the life and work of The damage to this historically imponant church, built in the Church. They claim that the glass bas never been 1678, included extensive smoke damage to the moulded particularly valued at Sberbome. One witness stated: 'For plaster ceiling by Henry Doogood dated 1690. A later young and old alike, the window bas no "message'" . They inspection bas revealed chemical changes to the ceiling have gone to a very great deal of trouble to commission plaster near to the site of the configuration. A stained modem glass of high quality which can be read at many glass window was destroyed, the organ damaged and a levels of meaning both by the regular worshipper and the staircase to the North Gallery was extensively damaged. occasional visitor. The old glass will be safely stored. A copy of the execution warrant of Charles I was destroyed. Those opposed believe that the glass forms an integral part of an important Victorian restoration campaign The Archdeacon of the Rochester Diocese is quoted as lasting throughout the 1850s, of historic significance in saying "it would seem the Church could be restored its bringing together of major figures - Carpenter, Pugin, relatively easily to its Conner glory and beauty". The cost and Clayton and Bell. The glass works well in its of restoration is estimated to be not less than £100,000. position at the west end of a major perpendicular monument, being a reworking of traditional west-end Donations may be sent to the Vicar, Revd. Malcolm iconography, and artistically is of high quality Hancock, King Charles Vicarage, 5D Frant Road, particularly in the way it integrates with the stonework of Tunbridge Wells, TN2 5SB. the window. ll could be repaired economically. The fact that it has lost detail is not a good reason fo r removing an The Society is indebted to David Bushell, a member of important and effective window. the Society, for drawing attention to this disturbing incident. What is the history of the current glass?

It was ordered by the architect R.C. Carpenter on July ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, ALLOA 13th 1850 from Hardman and, following delays and difficulties, it was completed the fo llowing June to a cost St. John's Church, Alloa, has been awarded a grant of of £301. Hardman and Pugin (a famous partnership) had more than £80.000 towards restoration. Tbe Church, been in business together for about twelve years. Pugin built in 1869, is typically of the Goth ic Revival. The appears to have followed his normal working methods - interior has a mosaic altar piece by Italian artist Salviati, creating a design, then checking the quality of the Lorimer woodwork and Kempe windows. cartoons. Thus be records that 'half [of the cartoons] must be tom up and redone' because there were problems with their height. In this issue, in addition to the above, we look in depth at a further church which has been in the news. A year or so later Pugin and Hardman collaborated on further glass for the Abbey, including the 'Te Deum' South Transept window. This window is spoken of THE PUGIN WINDOW AT SHERBORNE highly by all parties and is not under threat. Nor is the East window by Clayton and Bell, also widely Like many people, I was aware from press repons of the appreciated. Slzerborne Abbey window case unfolding in the Salisbury Consistory Court last year with the tabliods indulging in What is the design ofthe glass in question ? the epithet 'Mr. Blobby'. Perhaps like others, I was frustrated at th e lack of factual information easily It consists of 27 Old Testament patriarchs and prophets, available. What follows is my attempt at recording the each about fi ve feet tall, in three tiers of nine identical facts ofthe matter as regards the glass. This is based on lights. The tracery is fllled with non-figurative decorati ve documentary evidence - I have had no personal elements. involvement with the case. I have tried to keep personal opinion out of the piece. You may assume that, like How weatherproof is the glass and how much would it you, I am on the side of the angels. cost to keep it weatherproof?

8 To my mind, one of the frustrations of the gladiatorial of the glass and is not progressive. The colour of the approach to decisions is that key facts like this are not glass remains. established with any certainty. In a few cases facial fearures have been completely and For example, there are claims that the glass sometimes utterly lost (hence 'Mr. Blobby'), in some other cases lets in rain, but it is not at all clear how serious a more, or less, partially lost . Details of drapery is often problem this is. There are a few small holes in the glass missing, as are the inscriptions. The depth of colour of and this might be the cause, and could easily be remedied. the glass may have suffered as a result of the loss of painted detail. From site inspections, one party claims that the window is in poor condition and taking down and releading would There are indications that those who arrive at the Abbey be necessary as a minimum, at an estimated cost of having read the press reports about 'Mr. Blobby' faces are around £40,000. The other party claimed that this was surprised to find a window which is colourful, and with probably not necessary. Their witness would have clear figures. Careful inspection (for example with claimed a much lower estimated cost, except he was not binoculars) is necessary to expose the general lack of in court to do so. painted detail.

What is tile artistic quality ofthe design? Ifdesired, could the painted detail be recrecued?

There are a variety of views on this. The PCC claim it There are a variety of technical options for restoring the has never been highly regarded in the parish. For painted detail, varying enormously in expense and risk. example, nineteenth century guide-books give it little Unless the cartoons are found, any recreation of detail mention, and serious consideration was given to moving would to some extent be speculative (though in some the organ into a west gallery in front of the glass later in cases the ghosts of the detail remains and could be used as the nineteenth century. a guide).

Another view sees Pugin as having triumphantly One relatively cheap and risk-free option would be to integrated the design into its context, with subtle and recreate the detail of the faces and inscriptions alone, on interesting variations in the positioning of the individual backing glass, to make the window 'readable' again, but figures. to leave the missing drapery unrestored.

From the little we know, Pu gin appears to have been What is the historical significance of the glass? pleased with the design, writing to Hardman 'the cartoons for Sherborne are really come out very fine, they are There are a few large Pugin windows in situ (I am not beautifully drawn in late work". clear as to the precise number - another example, surely, of the failure of the process). This one is an important He commems 'they are coloured exactly Like Evereux and example of the collaboration in stained-glass between him the effect there is magnificent - these late windows and another major figure, Carpenter. This collaboration without rich colours look nothing - as you say it is in glass was first seen in 1849 at St. Mary Magdalene, settled (?) price but we cannot help that - some of the Munster Square, London, then at St. Paul's, Brighton, Figures are on white ground, this must be well covered or where, significantly, the glass bas recently been restored it will look thin .. .' The reference to Evereux is to his after removal of its background in the 1960s. visit there in 1849, as part of his tour to Chartres looking at ancient stained glass whilst engaged in designing glass After Pu gin's death Carpenter encouraged J .R. Clayton (at for Jesus College, Cambridge. that time a sculptor who had worked under Pugin' s direction) to take up stained glass. The Clayton and Bell Pugin also writes 'we have taken immense care with all stained glass of 1858 is now at the east end. The church of his [Carpenter's] windows - none of tl1em have ever also includes Carpenter's organ, sculpture and painted failed'. decoration in the choir and transept. One party's claim is that 'nowhere else in Britain is this artistic continuity of Carpenter himself writes: 'let me tell you how much I our best-stained glass and decorative artists of the mid- like the Sberbome glass'. He goes on to say, ' .. .in the 19th century exemplified in such a way'. west window the effect is much injured by a row of red stars which glare unfortunately and the people say look Until very recently (the last couple of years, I believe) like railway signals. I have spoken about this to Hardman Pugin' s link with the west end glass had not been who says alteration shall be made .. .' The reference to the definitely established, and no particular claims appear to railway signals - "traffic lights" they are now sometimes have been made for the importance or quality of this nick-named - is to some repetitive geometric glazing in glass. the tracery. What legal requirements have to be satisfied to remove How clear are the pictures? the glass?

The figures themselves are clear, but much of the detailed 1 am not qualified to say much on this. There seems to surface paint work has come off, due to inadequate firing. be agreement that where a church is listed 'there is a There is some evidence that this happened early in the life strong presumption against change which would adversely affect its character as a building of special architectural or

9 historic interest. In order to rebut that presumption there A number of County and Diocesan Church guides have must be evidence of sufficient weight to show a necessity been reviewed in these columns in the last few issues. fo r such a change for some compelling reason, which They have tended to be selecti ve in that lists have been could include the pastoral well-being of the church'. determined by period or area or architectural style. This publication, produced to commemorate the Millennium of Informed comment from those who understand these the Diocese in 1995 appears to be comprehensive. It matters would be welcome. clearly shows th e paucity of resources for church buildings in the expansion of the coalfields in the What is the current situation? Victorian period when towns expanded enormously and over 500 new pits were dug, many forming new parishes. In 1989 the Abbey architect expressed bis concern at the Each church is given a small exterior photograph and state of the glass, and gave several options. The cost of again many buildings of the Post War period show the repair be estimated as being (very approximately) low level of design, possibly affected by licensing £40,000, and that of replacement (again approximately) constraints. There are, of course, some notable churches £1 60,000. The PCC eventually decided they wished to in the Diocese and perhaps it would have been better to replace the glass. After extensive consultation a devote more space to the greater churches. Prior's church competition was held, with the shortlist of two entries on of St. Andrew, Roker, deserves more than a general public display for comment and feedback. The winning photograph where the building is almost obscured by design was then modified in the light of the comments of trees. There are few interiors shown, yet the Diocese has the DAC, who continued, however, not to approve it. many fascinating churches which are much more imposing internall y than externally. St. Ignatius in The DAC did, however, approve removal of the Pugin Sunderland, fairly recently restored is a wonderful example window, a decision reached in December 1993, though in of tl1e Anglo Catholic principle in the later years of the March 1995 (having received further reports on the nineteenth century of bringing beauty into the li ves of history and condition of the glass) they expressed the those in deprived areas in the housing of the mining and view that with this additional evidence they would have shipbuilding communities. It was interesting to read of wished to have the opportunity to consider further the the work of the late president of the society, Stephen decision they reached in 1993. Dykes Bower at Craghead St. Thomas which it is noted has been "re-ordered to good effect". This booklet can be The Consistory Court of the Diocese of Salisbury sat used as a database to the churches of the Diocese; perhaps from April 19th -21st, and 'Mr. Blobby' found himself in Canon Ruscoe can be persuaded to produce a selective the news. The Chancellor found in favour of the publication dealing in greater detail with the undoubted parishioners. treasures in the county.

Leave was given to the Victorian Society to appeal to the Court of Arches. Underlying their appeal was the claim J ohn Carter and the Mind of the Gothic that the special character of the building would be Revival: J. Mordaunt Crook. Vol.1 7 of Occasional adversely affected and that necessity bad not been Papers from the Society of Antiquaries of London. ISBN demonstrated. This appeal was beard in January this year, 0 85431 267 6. ISSN 0953 71 55. Copies are available and rejected. The written judgement is awaited. Any from W.S. Maney & Son Ltd., Hudson Road, Leeds LS9 further appeal would be to the Privy Council. 7DL.

Trevor Cooper Described as England's first Architectural Journalist, John Carter (1748-1817) was at the forefront of th e I am grateful to the Victorian Society for permission to skinnishing that preceded the Battle of Styles to take read the documents relating to this case, and for their place later in the nineteenth century. Although an hospitality. The interpretation of the documents, and any Architect bis completed works are few. Probably his best views expressed, remain entirely my own. The source of design was at Sundridge Church, Kent, a monument for the quotes from original correspondence is Mr. S. Lord Frederick Campbell which is 'scrup ul ously Shepherd, and will form part of his dissertation for a historicist' in detail. The distinguished author bas Ph.D. produced a book based mainly on Carter's writing and his involvement in the opposition to schemes for 'improvement' to major buildings, especially the great FOR THE BOOKSHELF Gothic Cathedrals of Durham, Westminster, Hereford, Lichfield, Worcester and Ely. His target using the columns of the Gentleman's Magazine was usually BOOK REVIEWS Wyatt, whom be vilified as 'The Destroyer'. Carter argued for, indeed can be said to be progenitor of, an Short reviews of recently published books are always approach to conservation and extension of buildings welcome from members of the Society. wh ich is to require replication of the original - bis ideal was an exact copy of the building in question.

Churches of the Diocese of Durha m. S PC K Carter's writings on ecclesiastical work gives hints of Bookshop, Durham Cathedral. ISBN 0 901312 061. future ecclesiology which were to become predominant in £2.95. A pictorial guide. General Editor Canon John E. the attitudes adopted by the forefathers of our present Ruscoe. society, The Cambridge Camden Society. J. Mordaunt

10 Crook has brilliantly conjured up the bitterness of the Blair, J. and Pyrah, C.(eds) Research Design for feuds of the turn of the nineteenth century and shows bow Church Archaeology. CBA 1996 (forthcoming). Carter, was by instinct if not by practice an Anglican CBA Research Report 104. Available from CBA, Bowes ecclesiologist before his time. Morrell House, 111 Walmgate, York, YOI 2UA. Will provide nation-wide multi-period coverage - church He obviously considered he was worthy of patronage and archaeology in prospect and retrospect. appointment to major buildings; for example, as the Surveyor to Westminster Abbey following Wyatt's death Bradshaw, Paul. Early Christian Worship: A in 1805. The Dean of Westminster called into question Basic Introduction to Ideas and Practice; Carter's competence which resonates today "As an artist SPCK, 29 February 1996, £7.99, ISBN 0-281-04930-0. and antiquary his eye and rule are so accurate . . ... but where are his works?, what had he built? - an architect Cocke, Thomas et al Recording a Church: an must be endowed with power to execute, as weJI as to illustrated glossary. CBA 1996. ISBN 1-872414-56- observe". 7. Paperback. £6.50. Third edition of this useful little guide. This book is a fine work of scholarship and the author is to be congratulated on analysing the contribution of one Friar, Stephen A Companion to the English who clearly was incredibly talented in many areas, Parish Church. Alan Sutton 1996 (forthcoming). including unsurpassed skill as an architectural ISBN 0-7509-0461-5. Hardback, 544 pages. £25.00. draughtsman and quite brilliant as a biased journalist; yet Will provide an A-Zfor the parish church of all periods. one whose life in bis own words receded into "the innennost recesses of neglect and unemploy". This book Jones, Anthony Welsh Chapels. Alan Sutton 1996 is to be commended to all interested in the Gothic (forthcoming). ISBN 0-7509-1162-X. Paperback, 160 Revival and history of conservation atlitudes in this pages. £8.99. Will provide a well illustrated introduction country. to an important aspect ofth e Welsh heritage.

Kalman, Dr. Harold A History of Canadian The Cathedrals, Abbeys and Churches of Architecture. OUP Canada. 0 19 541159-5, 492 Scotland Copies available from the Director, pages, 423 illustrations, Paperback £17 .50. 0-19- Scotland's Churches Scheme, Gifford Cottage, Main 541160-9, 464 pages, 436 illustrations, Paperback Street, Gifford, East Lothian EH41 4QH, £1.00 per copy £17.50. 0-19-541103-X, Set of two volumes: Vol. I: (inc.p.p.) 490 pp: Vol. 2: 460 pages, Hardback £65.00.

A guide and reference book to 128 churches open to Medieval Life is a new A4 sized 38 paged magazine visitors. An easy to use gazetteer includes details of devoted to the Middle Ages and has a wide range of architecture, features, visitor facilities, special events, articles many relating to Churches. Well printed and opening Limes and Sunday service times for each church illustrated with coloured and black and white illustrations with a numbered map for quick reference. and photographs. Subscriptions are: UK £8.50, Europe £10.00, North America £15.00, Middle East £15.00 and The book also contains an introduction to the Australia £16.00. Enquiries to: C.J.R. Pickles, Rectory development of Christianity in Scotland written by The End, Gilling East, York Y06 4JQ. Very Reverend Professor James White of St Andrews and a witty account of church visiting by John Gifford of Oxford/Cambridge Sundials - Dr. Stanier' s Building of Scotland. booklel, Oxford Sundials, is available from The Appeal Office, Somerville College, Oxford OX2 6HD, priced £3.00 plus 50p p&p. A companion booklet, Cambridge Sundials, is available from Newnham College, BOOKS SEEN OR NOTED Development Trust Office, Cambridge, priced £6.85 plus p&p. As always, it is much appreciated when members provide details of relevant books or anicles for inclusion in these Percy, Martyn Words, Wonders and Power: lists. Books reviewed in our pages are generally omitted Understanding Contemporary Christian from the list. Fundamentalism and Revivalism. SPCK, 29 February 1996, £10.99. Atterbury, Paul (ed) A.W.N. Pugin: Master of Gothic Revival Yale University Press 1995. ISBN 0- Swanson, R.N. Religion and Devotion in Europe 300-06657- 0. Paperback 415 pages, extensively c.1215-c.1515. Cambridge, 1995. ISBN 0-521- illustrated. £25.00. Catalog ue of the exhibition of the 37950-4. Paperback £13.95. Concentrates on the same name held in America at the end of 1995. spirituality of the medieval church between the fourth and fifth Lateran councils. Bertram, Fr. Jerome (ed) Monumental Brasses as Art and History. Alan Sutton with the MBS, 1996 (forthcoming). ISBN 0-7509-1051-8. Hardback £29.50. Publications Will summarise the state of research on these memorials, and gives a modern interpretation. A member, Miss Adele Stewart, bas sent a note about an important publication dealing with access to heritage

11 buildings, which obviously includes many churches. The Georgian Group - Shropshire And Marches guide, produced by the ADAPT Trust is funded by the Branch TSB foundation for Scotland. August 9-11: The Golden Age of Church Architecture in The guide which includes detail of good practice is titled Shropshire. This weekend is being organised with Dr. ADAPTations to Access-ability and is available from the Terry Friedman and will look at a wide range of 18th ADAPT Trust, Cameron House, Abbey Park Place, century churches in Shropshire. There will be an evening Dunfermline, Fife, KY12 7PZ. £7.50 including p&p at Attingbam Hall. For further details contact: Julia Ionides, 83 Greenacres, Ludlow, Shropshire, SY8 1LZ. Tel/fax 01584 874567. ENGLISH HERITAGE LEAFLETS Society for Church Archaeology English Heritage publish a number of leaflets for those responsible for churches. They include: The Society for Church Archaeology was formally instituted on Saturday March 23rd. More than two Insuring your historic building: Churches and Chapels hundred people (your correspondent's estimate) beard three excellent lectures (by Warwick Rodwell, Richard Gem and Work on historic churches: the role of English Heritage Richard Morris) before the formal business was transacted, speedily and efficiently. Church grants: notes for applicants The new society will publish an annual Journal. It will All available from English Heritage, 23 Savile Row, also bold an annual conference, the first of which is in London WIX lAB. Oxford on October 19th 1996.

The subscription is £20 per annum. Details and VIDEO membership forms may be obtained from CBA, Bowes Morrell House, 11 Walmgate, York. YOI 2UA. Interesting Churchyards of Kent. This video is just a small part of some of the interesting church-yards The Church Monuments Society in Kent. £12.50, plus p.p. £1. : The above are holding a 'Purbeck Marble Symposium' Mediaeval Churches of the Romney Marsh. from the 13th to l 5th September 1996 at Bournemouth This video is about the Churches of Romney Marsh. The University. Details from the Church Monuments Society Romney Marsh Historic Churches Trust was formed in Symposium Organiser, Moira Gittos, 4 Linden Road, 1982 to draw attention to the problem of maintaining the Yeovil, Somerset, BA20 2BH. Tel: 01935 2011 2. mediaeval churches on the March. £12.50 plus p.p. £1. The Friends of Christ Church Spitalfields The above two videos are obtainable from Iain Foreman, 14 Norman Road, Ham Hill, Snodland, Kem ME6 5JD May 18th, 9.30 am to 5 pm. An all day tour has been organised to visit six Hawksmoor churches in London. This tour affords the opportunity to see six of A CENTURY OF STAINED GLASS Hawksmoor's finest works, both inside and out. It starts at SL George Bloomsbury, near Holbom Tube, then goes An exhibition of original drawings and glass by Clayton to St. George in the East, St. Mary Woolnoth, Christ and Bell was held 12-13 April 1996, 10am - 4pm, at St. Church Spitalfields, St. Anne Limehouse and St. Alfege Mary's Church, Haddenham, Buckinghamshire. For Greenwich. Travel is by a double decker bus, and a further information please contact: Peter Larkwortby, 19 sandwich lunch at a riverside pub will be included. The Fen Road, Bassingboum , Royston, Hertfordshire. Tel: guide will be Donald Findlay. Cost including bus, lunch, 01 763 245255. donations to churches and notes, is £30 per person. To book, send your cheque for £30 to 'FoCCS' to: The Friends of Christ Church Spitalfields, The Old Vestry NEWS OF OTHER SOCIETIES Room, Christ Church, Commercial Street. London E l 6LY. Cambridgeshire Historic Churches Trust

The Annual Conference of the CHCT will be held on LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 27th April in Ely. There are four speakers: Dr. Virginia Bainbridge on Gilds in Medieval Cambridgeshire, Dr. Dear Editor, Simon Couon on Bequest and Belief, Dr. David Dymond on Tile Spoil of Long Melford Church, and Dr. John I suggested at the meeting on 3 l st January ('Historic Morrill on William Dowsing and English Civil War Stained Glass') that stained-glass windows be changed Iconoclasm. periodically to accommodate the numerous other stories of worth aimed at influencing for good the lifestyles of Tickets are available at £12.00, and may be obtained the viewers. from R. Walker, 14 Clay Street, Histon, Cambs. CB4 4EY. Please enclose a stamped addressed envelope.

12 Worshippers would be inspired to more-frequent Besides Neale's contributions to "The Ecclesiologist" attendance if they were aware of the exciting prospect of published by 'The Ecclesiological (late Cambridge guessing what the meaning was of the new stained-glass­ Camden) Society', bis architectural convictions to which window picture-story. Dr. Chandler constantly refers, appending a 3-page bibliography, one can only offer a cri de coeur that the It might keep them guessing further if the changes are 'Ecclesiological Society' will, in due course, make made irregularly. available a facsimile of aJI the issues of 'The Ecclesiologist' as of immeasurable interest. In addition Yours truly Neale's 'The History of Pues', and other relevant material should be published as this is unattainable from our local Ken Knowles libraries. 19 Woodside Road Woodford Green Yours sincerely, Essex, IG8 OTW ** Harry Coles 6 The Chestnuts Ollards Grove Dear Sir, Lough ton Essex IGlO 4DL Your contributor, Harry Coles, (The Revd Dr. John ** Mason Neale 1818-1866, Ecclesiology Today, January 1996) seems perhaps unaware of A.G. Lougb's excellent The Editor book, The Influence of John Mason Neale (London, 1962). Dear Professor Murta,

And, if I may say so, it is not I think just that, as Mr. 'Wheatsheaf, the Newsletter of the Kempe Society, in its Cole says, Neale was 'the foremost translator of ancient December issued, contained very interesting material Latin ... and Greek hymns' nor even that he, as the submitted by Alan Doe! relating to a hidden heritage at editorial note on the Canon Thunner' s letter puts it, Salisbury. In addition to the medieval city with its 'opened the niches of ... hymnody to English-speaking wonderful cathedraJ and spire, its delicate country around, worshippers.' What is no less remarkable is Neale's · twice weekly markets, timber-framed buildings, and three insistence - as an expression of his thoroughness in all fine parish churches, all attracting a superb tourist trade, things - that the 'English [should be] of course in the there is the hidden treasure of Kempe windows in three same metre as the Latiri.' It was to him a point of chapels. 'clearly absolute necessity' that his translations from the Latin should match the original not only in meaning but There are three chapels containing Kempe glass, two now in metre also - and that because only in this way could a unused, the third but fitfully. One must go back to 1851 true idea of the original text be conveyed and the ancient when two of them became diocesan educational tunes be used. And the revival of the ancient chants and establishments when the Diocesan Training College of their place in the liturgy of the Church of England was moved in 1851 into the King's House, a lovely rambling another of the many interests of the brilliant and versatile mediaeval building just west of the cathedral, and a chapel founder of our predecessor, '111e Ecclesiologist'. was built then to its rear, probably in the 1880s. King's House is now the Salisbury Museum, the chapel a lecture Yours sincerely, theatre. Of itself it is not of much architectural merit, but it contains six windows, three of which are by C.E. George McHardy Kempe & Co. Ltd. of 1908, just after Kempe's death, and 48 Crescent Lane others of 1913 and 1924. London SW4 9PU ** On the north side of the Close is the Theological CoJiege, recently reformed, with its two-story Wm. Butterfield Chapel of 1881. Therein, on its south side are Dear Editor, two lights of 1910, by the firm; a single light of 1889 and a three-light east window dated 1886, of the In January's issue of 'Ecclesiology Today' you were kind Crucifixion with St. Mary and St. John, which would be enough to publish a monograph from me headed: 'The by the original Kempe Studios. Revd. Dr. John Mason Neale'. Subsequent to its preparation has appeared 'The Life and Work of John Another aspect of the Victorian revival was the Moral Mason Neale' by Michael Chandler, first published in Institution. In 1831 some 'ladies of the Close' founded a 1995 by Gracewing Fowler Wright Books, of which all House of Mercy, a reform home of a closed Order for bookshops should have recorded that a Victorian of such mothers of illegitimate babies. In 1851 this moved to a stature of character (physically, he was just under six feet) building close to St. Martin's Church. The Home closed with bis prodigious scholarship and effect should still during the 1939 War and was last used in 1994 for classes evoke such erudition 130-years after his death; as does the of Salisbury College, who could no longer maintain that Revd. Canon Dr. Chandler's excellent book, is a rabbit warren of a place. As a safety measure, it bas since commendation for all to read. been boarded up by the College, but its future looks bleak. The attractive Chapel was built by G.H. Gordon,

13 and was filled with the fi.nn's glass of 1902-04, part of dedication to record the work onto the south-east base • their golden period. It still bas its organ, floor tiling, and panel, but this cannot be seen from the ground. In 1886, a Virgin and Child statue by Bodley and Hare. That its running his own studios in London, Kempe was re­ high quality windows are a complete set is undoubtedl y engaged, this time to paint the nave ceiling - a major due in part to Kempe's connection with textile design aspect of the church. It would strike onlookers as occasioned by the fact that the Clewer Sisters, with brighter and more confident in design than bis earlier whom he was associated, ran the Home after 1891. Two work, as indeed, so would his signature. His golden of the windows have not been seen since the organ was wheatsbeaf is boldly painted onto a vacant shield on the re-sited in 1927! These three Chapels with 28 lights of south side, with its date of 1886 clearly visible from Kempe glass comprise a very important bidden glory below. which one must strive to retain - though any visitor to the cathedral would appear to be denied their existence! Other work of bis included four windows between 1875 Anyone travelling that way should see the excellent and 1901 , and the church's south porch, north lych gate, Kempe glass of 1880 in the east window of Pitton pulpit and wall decoration, though the organ pipes were church, certainly the best in Wiltshire, and there is some diapered by Bodley. also at Stratford Tony, south of Salisbury. Work undertaken in 1923 in replacing the slate roof with The same issue of the Kempe Society's newsletter refers Horsham stone, although making it watertight, the work to data submitted by Nicholas Rowe, the current architect covered its two medieval external batches for access into of Holy Trinity, Cuckfield, which Kempe used to attend a the roof spaces. The DAC has approved, therefore, the century ago. Its prized feature is its medieval ceiling creation of access by a new hatch at the west end. preserved by him. Uplighters were installed in 1977 to display it publicly, and it has pride of place in the guide The churchwardens plan is for the main conservation available to the church's visitors. Since its 1984 project to be for the year 2000. Anticipated costs being quinquennial inspection, all are aware of the ceiling's in the order of some £100,000. It does seem a project to deteriorating condition, and the need for research, to whet the interest of the Society's members. restore and conserve this church for future generations; it Harry Coles being essential that access be made to the roof for ** remedial work. Dear Professor Murta With the Chichester Advisory Committee, alJ have been working for years towards a programme for this church's Thank you for publicising the new magazine Medieval complete restoration, the Council for the Care of Life. Churches being consulted, and faculties for the first stages of the work obtained. The stages would be, first to gain May I impose further and ask whether any members know access into the roof spaces, then to carry out remedial of tombstone inscriptions or epitaphs relating to work there, and thirdly to undertake the conservation of medicine, disease or (especially) doctors? the treasured ceiling itself. Technical problems arose which were solved. The first stage was completed by e.g. Hannah Smith 1991. Kempe's original painting will remain in situ, the St. Hilda's DANBY 1 Feb. 1874 ceiling is not to be taken down panel by panel. Sharp was the Stroke as did appear, The oldest parts of the church still visible are of the 13th Which took my life away, century, although evidence has revealed itself of an earlier God's Providence is showed clear, llth century chapel. In the late 15th century the nave To mortals every day walls were raised to enable the roof to slope in one span from the ridge. The oak rafters, collars and braces were & Beneath this slab or marble fair, boarded up to give the effect of a barrel vaul t, and the Lie the bones of GUSTAV AYRE, panels separated by moulded ribs with bosses at Methinks it was a wondrous death intersections. The latter were embellished with That Ayre should die for want of breath monograms of various families including the red rose of Lancaster, and the Lords of the Manor. So many are Yours sincerely, biased towards the Yorkists that they would not have been fashioned after 1485! Peter Harrison 96A Tadcaster Road 1855 saw major alterations to the church's interior, its Dringhouses incumbent and the appointed architect G.F. Bodley both York Y022LT much influenced by The Oxford Movement of 1833 and ** the Tractarians. Bodley, the architect, strived for authenticity. In 1865, at 28 years of age, Kempe, then an Items for the September newsletter should be assistant in Bodley's practice, was engaged to decorate the received by no la ter than 28th August 1996. chancel ceiling, and to restore what he could of the old Tudor paintwork. N .B . The views expressed by contributors in the Newsletter ar e their own a nd do not Lathes were fixed to the medieval oak panels which were necessarily reflect those of the Society or its then plastered ready to be painted. Kempe included a Council.

14 THURSDAY l 9th SE PTEMBER SUMMER VISITS FOR 1996 GLOUCESTERSHIRE

This tour follows a church trail produced by Gloucester diocese. To attend excursions please forward the appropriate fonn and send it with a stamped addressed envelope and Coach will leave Swindon bus station at 10.30. Bus cheque payable to the Ecclesiological Society to:- Mr. station is close (2/3 mins.) to the railway station which K.J. Fryer, 10, Coronation Road, Sheerness, Ken4 ME12 is served by frequent trains from many parts. 2QN. Visits will be to:- Kingscote, St. John; Horsley, St. Early bookings assist but last minute places can Marlin; Avening, Holy Cross; Cherington, St. Nicholas. sometimes be arranged. Refunds will not nonnally be A final visit will be to Chavenage House for a house tour possible. Friends and family are generally welcome on including the interesting chapel. tours. A stop will be made for lunch at a country pub (or Tours will connect with main-line rail services and picnic). Afternoon tea is included in the cost. Back in National Express arrivals as the Summer timetables were Swindon about 7 p.m. not known at going to press these need to be checked before travel. Cost: fare, admission and tea. £..1.J.. (For "Friends" of the Historic Houses Assn. £ 11) SATURDAY lStb JUNE WELSH BORDERS Note: there is a National Express connection from Coach will leave Abergavenny railway station soon after London, Victoria at 8.00 arriving Swindon at 10.00 with 10.30. The tour will include Skenfrith castle and church return at 19.15 (21.15 in London). T his service also calls Kilpeck church and moue, Abbey Dore, Llantony abbe; at Heathrow Underground and offers an inexpensive cheap and church and Abergavenny St. Mary's Priory. Little day return fare. Other express coach services also run to walking is involved in the tour. Lunch can be obtained al Swindon so are worth checking. the Bell Inn, Skenfrith - or picnic if desired. High tea is included in the tour cost.

Probable train connection from London, Paddington leaves at 8.00 to Newport. Return to Abergavenny soon after 6 p.m. or Newport 7 p.m. for train home.

Cost of coach and tea £12.50

The tour will be guided by Moira Thomas, former Council Member and Hon. Treasurer of the Society.

MONDAY 24th JUNE LINCOLNSHIRE

Coach will leave Grantl1am railway station at 11.30. The tour will include Sedgebrook. St. Lawrence; Allington, Holy Trinity; Foston, St. Peter; Marston St. Mary. There will be a tour of Marston Hall with Mr. Henry Thorold.

A stop will be made for lunch or picnic. Tea is included in the cost of £ l 0.

Probable train connection from London, King's Cross leaves at 10.10. Return to Grantham station about 7 p.m. to fit in with return train departures to all points.

15