DOCSLIB.ORG

Copyrighted Material

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

37_599100 bindex.qxd 8/31/05 8:21 PM Page 353 Index basics of card games. See Ninety-Nine, 143–148 • A • also card games; cards Oh Hell!, 137–138 Accordion, 22–26 deck of cards, 10 Partnership Auction aces around, 205, 222 etiquette for playing, 17 Pinochle, 220–221 Alexander the Great (La playing a game, 14–17 Setback, 227–228 Belle Lucie), 31–35 preparing to play, 11–14 Spades, 163–169, 171 all pass (in President), 255 ranking card order, 11 big blind (in Poker), 285 allin (in Poker), 287 selecting a game, 17–19 Black Jack (Switch), American Contract Bridge Beggar My Neighbor (Beat 108–110 League (Web site), 185 Your Neighbor Out of Black Maria, 199 American Cribbage Con- Doors), 45–47 Black Peter card, 57 gress (Web site), 252 beggars (in President), 256 Blackjack Animals, 49–50 beginning to play. See basics aces and going high or announcement, 13 of card games low, 276–277 ante, 112, 285, 302 Benny (Best Bower), 154 betting in Casino auction (in Bridge), 13, 185 bets Blackjack, 271–272 Auction Pinochle anteing up (in Poker), 285 betting in Social bidding, 211–212, 213–214, bidding versus, 13 Blackjack, 265–266 218–219 calling (in Poker), 286 card values, 264 conceding your hand, 219 opening (in Poker), Casino Blackjack, 271–277 dealing, 212 294–296 croupiers, shoes, banks, discarding, 214–215 out of turn (in Poker), 288 pit bosses, 271 kitty, 212, 215–216 seeing (in Poker), 286 dealing in Casino Black- melds, 214–215 Bid Whist, 133–134 jack, 272–273 scoring, 216–218 bidding dealing in Social Black- strategies for play, betting versus, 13 jack, 263, 264–265 218–219 blind nil, 164, 167–168 doubling down, 275 Authors, 53–54 defined, 13 five or sixcard tricks, 269 dropping, 214 kibitzer, 271 listening to, 348 naturals, 267, 268 • B • for nil (zero), 164, origin of, 265 166–169, 171 paying players, 268 balanced hands (in COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL overbids, 214 selecting banker/ Spades), 166 safe, 214 dealer, 263 banker (in Blackjack), shooting the moon, Social Blackjack, 263–270 263–264, 266, 268, 271 196–197, 230, 234 splitting cards, 266, banking card games. See single call, 13 270, 276 card games: bank- bidding, strategies for starting over, 269 ing type Auction Pinochle, 211–212, strategies for Casino Bartending For Dummies 213–214, 218–219 Blackjack, 274–276 (Foley), 63 Euchre, 154–157 37_599100 bindex.qxd 8/31/05 8:21 PM Page 354 354 Card Games For Dummies, 2nd Edition Blackjack (continued) Canasta card games: adding and strategies for Social Black- black 3s, 93 climbing type jack, 269–270 building a Canasta, Blackjack, 263–277 Web sites, 277 86, 93–94 Cribbage, 239–252 Blackout. See Oh Hell! card values, 87–88 Palace (Karma), 259–262 blind (in Poker), 285, 331 dealing, 88 President, 253–262 blind nil (in Spades), 164, freezing the discard card games: banking type 167–168, 171 pile, 92–93 Casino Blackjack, 271–277 blitzing (in Gin Rummy), going out, 94 Draw Poker (Five-Card 77, 78 going out concealed, 95 Draw), 293–300 bluffing (in Poker) Hand and Foot version, Five-Card Stud Poker, defined, 294 97–102 309–310 recognizing, 291–292 history of, 86 SevenCard Stud Poker, strategies for, 289–292, melds, 86–87, 90–92 302–309 307–308, 325–326 Modern American Social Blackjack, 263–270 body language, 348 variation, 96 Texas Hold ’Em Poker, books on card games, 353 objective, 86 311–328 boss (trump) suit, 15, 185 picking partners, 88 card games: card- bower (Jack), 154 picking up the discard exchange type box bonuses (Gin Rummy), pile, 89–90 Canasta, 85–102 76–78 red 3s as bonus cards, Gin Rummy, 72–78 breaking spades rule, 169 88–89 Rummy, 62–72 Bridge scoring, 91, 95–96 card games: card- Contract Bridge, 185–186 shorthanded variation, matching type MiniBridge, 177–184 96–97 DoubleDeck Fan Tan, Bridge For Dummies strategies for play, 94–95 115–116 (Kantar), 3, 177 Web site, 96 Eights, 103–110 Bridgebase (Web site), 185 wild cards, 86–87, 92, 93 Fan Tan, 111–118 bringin bet (in Poker), 303 Cancellation Hearts, Mau Mau, 105–107 bugs (in Poker), 284 199–200 Neuner, 107–108 builder cards (in Rummy), Canfield, 28–30 Switch, 108–110 70, 71 card games. See also basics Trump Fan Tan, 116–117 building (in Solitaire), 22 of card games card games: for children bumping (tapping) the benefits of learning, 47 Animals, 49–50 cards, 152 etiquette, 17 Authors, 53–54 burning cards, 264, 312, 331 history of, 10 Beggar My Neighbor, bust or lose (in Blackjack), improving skills, 345–349 45–47 263, 267 mistakes, attitude Cheat (I Doubt It), 54–56 buying cards (in Black- toward, 346 Go Fish, 52–53 jack), 275 playing a game, 14–17 Klondike, 30–31 preparing to play, 11–14 Old Maid, 56–57 resources for, 351–354 Slapjack, 50–51 • C • selecting a game, 17–19 Snap, 47–49 Calculation, 26–28 tempo of playing, 17, 348 Spit (or Speed), 57–59 call a raise cold (in Texas tips for improving, War, 51–52 Hold ’Em), 318 345–349 calling bets (in Poker), 286 37_599100 bindex.qxd 8/31/05 8:21 PM Page 355 Index 355 card games: point- in Hand and Foot cashing winners (in avoidance type Canasta, 101 MiniBridge), 180 Black Maria, 199 Hearts, 196 Casino Blackjack Cancellation Hearts, Mau Mau, 107 betting, 271–272 199–200 MiniBridge, 179 dealing, 272–273 Hearts, 189–200 Neuner, 108 playing, 273–274 Hearts for three or Pinochle, 203 strategies for play, fiveplus players, 198 Poker, 36 274–277 Honeymoon Hearts, Rummy, 68 Web sites, 277 198–199 Spades, 165–166 Cat and Mouse (Spite and card games: point-gain type Switch, 110 Malice), 40–44 Auction Pinochle, 211–219 symbols for, 2 center hand opponent Partnership Auction cardplaying surface (CHO), 12 Pinochle, 220–224 (table), 10 chasing winners (in Partnership Setback, cards. See also card values, Bridge), 180 233–234 in; deck of cards; Cheat (I Doubt It), 54–56 Pinochle, 201–224 ranking card order cheat (merci), 22, 35 Setback, 225–235 builder, building (in check (in Poker), 286, card games: trick- Rummy), 70, 71 294, 303 taking type burning (in Black- checkraise (in Poker), Bid Whist, 133–134 jack), 264 295–296, 318, 340 Bridge, 177–186 buying/doubling down children’s games. See Contract Bridge, 185–186 (in Blackjack), 275 also Eights Euchre, 151–160 court, 46 Animals, 49–50 German (Two-Handed) danger (in Hearts), 190 Authors, 53–54 Whist, 131–132 dead (in Poker), 305 Beggar My Neighbor, MiniBridge, 177–184 discarding or renounc- 45–47 Ninety-Nine, 142–149 ing, 16 Cheat (I Doubt It), 54–56 Oh Hell!, 135–149 end cards (in Fan Go Fish, 52–53 Romanian Whist, 140–142 Tan), 114 Klondike, 30–31 Spades, 161–175 exposing, 13, 16–17, 299 Old Maid, 56–57 Three-Handed Whist, hole cards or down cards Slapjack, 50–51 129–131 (in Poker), 302, 330 Snap, 47–49 Whist, 121–134 honor, 124, 125 Spit (or Speed), 57–59 card games: with two decks passing on, 191–193 War, 51–52 Canasta, 85–102 peaking at others’ hands, chips (in Poker), Cancellation Hearts, 12, 299 281, 284, 293 199–200 penalty, 15 Cinch. See Setback Fan Tan, 111–118 revoking or reneging, 16 citizens (in President), 256 Rummy, 62–72 singleton/singles, 126, 255 clean Canasta, 101 card values, in splitting (in Blackjack), clean or natural meld, 86 Black Maria, 199 266, 276 climbingtype card games. Blackjack, 264 symbols for, 2–3 See card games: adding Canasta, 87–88 tapping or bumping and climbing type Cribbage, 241–242, 243 (in Euchre), 152 Clover Leaf (La Belle Eights, 105 touching, 245 Lucie), 31–35 in 500 Rummy, 81–82 upcard, 12 clubs, playing at, 354 37_599100 bindex.qxd 8/31/05 8:21 PM Page 356 356 Card Games For Dummies, 2nd Edition columns in Solitaire double skunked (in games, 22 • D • Cribbage), 250 common marriage (in danger cards (in DoubleDeck Fan Tan, Pinochle), 204 Hearts), 190 115–116 competitive auction dead hand (in Poker), 305 doubles (two of a kind) (in Bridge), 13 deadwood (in Rummy), (in President), 255 concealed hand (in 73, 74 doubling down (in Black- Canasta), 95 dealer, 11–12, 13 jack), 268, 270, 275 congressmen (in Presi- deck of cards. See dozens (in Cribbage), 250 dent), 256 also cards draw or trade in (in Five- Contract Bridge, 185–186 dealing, 11–13 Card Draw), 293 contracts defective, 19 Draw Poker (Five-Card in Bridge, 182, 186 described, 10 Draw) determining, 13 shuffling and cutting, anteing up, 294 failure (in Pinochle), 214 11, 23, 240 betting strategies, 294–296 stealing (in Setback), 228 stock or talon (undealt dealing, 294 cornering a suit, in cards), 12 discarding, 299 Eights, 104 declaration phase of a drawing chances for, counters (in Pinochle), 203 card game, 14 296–299 counting cards, 273, 349 declarers finishing, 299–300 counting down (in in Auction Pinochle, objective, 294 Pinochle), 220 211–212, 214–215, versions of, 294 court card, 46 216–217 Web sites, 289, 300 Crazy Eights. See Eights in MiniBridge, 179 drawing to an inside run Crazy Tan, 117–118 defenders (Rummy), 70 Cribbage in Auction Pinochle, drawing trumps (in boards, 248–249, 252 212, 218 Bridge), 181 crib, 240–241, 242, 245 in Euchre, 155 dropping the bidding (in dealing, 240–241 in MiniBridge, 179 Pinochle), 214 finishing, 249–250 in Setback, 229 dummy hand Five-Card version, 251–252 Demon Thirteen (Canfield), defined, 129 misdeals, 241 28–30 in MiniBridge, 179–180 playing for stakes, 250–251 Derossi, Chris (Winning in Whist, 129–130 playing the cards, 241–243 at Internet Poker For ranking cards, 242 Dummies), 3, 292, 328 • E • rubbers, 241 dirty Canasta, 102 runs, 243 dirty meld, 86 Eights scoring, 243–244 discarding or renounc- announcing “one strategies for play, 245–248 ing, 16 card,” 105 threeplayer version, 252 distributional hands card values, 105 Web sites, 252 (in Spades),
Recommended publications
  • Pinochle & Bezique

    Pinochle & Bezique

    Pinochle & Bezique by MeggieSoft Games User Guide Copyright © MeggieSoft Games 1996-2004 Pinochle & Bezique Copyright ® 1996-2005 MeggieSoft Games All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the publisher. Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and/or registered trademarks of the respective owners. The publisher and the author make no claim to these trademarks. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it. In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document. Printed: February 2006 Special thanks to: Publisher All the users who contributed to the development of Pinochle & MeggieSoft Games Bezique by making suggestions, requesting features, and pointing out errors. Contents I Table of Contents Part I Introduction 6 1 MeggieSoft.. .Games............ .Software............... .License............. ...................................................................................... 6 2 Other MeggieSoft............ ..Games..........
  • Fairview Estates

    Fairview Estates

    132 East Main Street • Hopkinton, MA 01748 • Phone (508) 435-8370 • www.seniorlivinginstyle.com JUNE 2021 Watching for FAIRVIEW ESTATES STAFF Hummingbirds Managers ....................SUE & DUNCAN PELTASON Keep your eye out for Assistant Managers ... MARCIE & DAVID MORETTI hummingbirds this year. We Executive Chef ................................. MOLLY SMITH now have two hummingbird Community Sales ..................... KATHRYN KOENIG feeders on our patios. One Sous Chef ......................................DINO FERRETTI is by the bump-out of the Activity Coordinator ..............................MIKE KING Activity Room in the back. Maintenance ������������������������������JEFFREY RUTTER The other one is in the raised Bus Driver .................................. REGGIE OLIVIERA garden in front of the front patio. Ann has planted some plants that should also attract TRANSPORTATION the hummingbirds. With the Monday - Friday, 9 a.m.-2:30 p.m.: warmer weather approaching Doctor Appointments and the flowers starting to Monday & Friday, If Available: bud the birds should be Shopping/Errands here soon. Wednesday, 9:30 a.m.-2:15 p.m.: Outing If Available Friday, 2:30 p.m.: Mystery Bus Ride Garden Party Some of the ladies enjoyed a pre-Mother’s Day Garden Tea Party. Chef Molly provided a delicious array of finger foods. White linens, floral displays and backdrops added to the atmosphere. The ladies who were in attendance had a total of 57 children among them. Pinochle, Anyone? Drew John Zdinak has started offering lessons on how to Is there a Ninja working at Fairview Estates? No, play Pinochle. the man in black that you may have seen coming Pinochle, also called pinocle or penuchle, is a trick- out of the kitchen is Drew, our new evening chef.
  • 25Th Anniversary Issue

    25Th Anniversary Issue

    1984 April, 2008 April, 2008 —George Orwell, Orwell, —George 25th Anniversary Issue 26, No. 4 Volume The PRSRT STD U.S. Postage PAID 808 Wisteria Drive Cocoa, FL Melbourne, FL 32901-1926 32922 Permit 20 ©2008 Space Coast Area Mensa Permission to reprint non-individually copyrighted material is hereby granted to all Mensa publications, provided proper credit is given to both Author and Editor, and a separate copy of the publication is sent to both author and editor. For permission to use individually copyrighted material, contact the editor. Opinions expressed are those of the individual writers and do not reflect the opinions of Space Coast Area Mensa or American Mensa Ltd., as neither holds any opinions. Mensa is registered at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as the collective mark of the international membership association. Send your change of address to both The SCAM at the above address and to: American Mensa Ltd., 1229 Corporate Drive West, Arlington, TX 76006-6103. The SCAM logo designed by Keith Proud ExCommunication March 5, 2008 SPACE COAST AREA MENSA Website: www.spacecoast.us.mensa.org Minutes of the ExComm Meeting: (All Area Codes are 321 except as noted) he ExComm met at the home of George Patterson on Treasurer BUD LONG T Wednesday, March 5, 2008. Called to order at 6:28 pm by Executive Committee 660 Alaska Rd., Merritt Island, FL 32953 LocSec George Patterson. Members present: George Patterson, 455-9749 [email protected] Terry Valek, and Bud Long. Thomas Wheat and Joe Smith were unable to attend. Local Secretary Recording Secretary GEORGE PATTERSON THERESA VALEK Minutes for the February 6, 2008 meeting were approved as 301 Sand Pine Rd., Indialantic, FL 32903 626-8523 published in the March 2008 SCAM.
  • Les Lycéens Et Jeanne Granier

    Les Lycéens Et Jeanne Granier

    Troisième Année — N° 108 LE NUMÉRO : 15 CENTIMES Samedi 31 Mars 1883 igg-y!-».,^,»».»^,,,,.,^.!..^..^, .j1.,^^---.,fm . .nui %u. D'ASCO A. I>e LATOUR (Lyon) ADMINISTRAT!'! UR £. DESCLAUZAS d»aris) ABONNEMENTS RÉDACTEURS EN CHEF Lyon UN AN Fr. 10 ABONNEMENTS Paris et Départements. — ••' Lyon UN AN Fr. 10 On reçoit les lâteonifëhïéttts de TROIS paris et Départements. ,-g i* et, SIX MOr. .-aii", ft>ais diujs ions les liinvuix ite posta On reçoit les abonnements de TROIS et de SIX mois —\mU&'' Les Minonces et Réclames Journal d'Indiscrétions, Littéraire, Satirique, Mondain, Théâtral, Financier sont exclusivement reçues Rédaction i Administration à l'Agence, V. FOURNIER Mieux est de ris que de larmes escripre, 14, Rue Confort, Lyon .,-. 6, place des Terreaux, 8 PARAISSANT LE JEUDI EN PROVINCE ET LE SAMEDI A PARIS Pour ce que tire est le propre de l'homme. i Paris, à l'Agence HAVAS xssroTsr Françoys RABKLAIS. 8, place de la Bourse LES LYCÉENS ET JEANNE GRANIER MORTE DE FAIM. --• LE COUP D'ÉTAT mère m'attend, Marguerite Méphisto, que le mien, puis Fistulanus, puis Thi- l'eau grasse — ramena un pauvre diable révolution était utile, elle naîtrait de Seine ; elle coulait, sinistre, avec un Annette Bassin, Elisa du Fer, Joséphine baul, puis Mermex, puis Gapitou, puis tout tremblant .. C'était un collégien, la décomposition de ce cadavre de clapotement lugubre sous les ponts : la plantureuse, Fonfon, Marthe de la tous les onze enfin, avaient reçu la pâle, défait, hâve. jeune fille. Tu as. pensé que cette robe liquide Roche. — Tiens I s'écria un potache en irait bien à ton cadavre vert.
  • Spooneye.Pdf

    Spooneye.Pdf

    • • SPOONEYE! First dpcumented as "Thirt y-Fours" in a 1571 British list of injunctions, the modern form of the game developed aboard pirate ships sailing in rhe Caribbean in the late 17th centuty. The game's most nOlOrious enthusiast was none other than the rllthless pirate Spooneye, who had a spoon in the place of a lost hand due to a fo ndness for soups, :iIld who, owing to ext reme myopia in one eye (the right, it is believed), would often cover the bad eye with his spoon-hand in order to focus. During the infamous double mutiny fad of the 1690s, (itself immortalized in the gaIlle, as weI! as numernus ballads,) Spooneye learned of Thirty­ Fours from the crew fo rmerly belonging to his mortal enemy, the nefarious Danish privateer Weirdbeard. Legend has it that the most powerful card in the game, the Nine, or 'Spooneye', originated when Spooneye was engaged in a �ame with his ship's new cook (name unknown). Fnlstrated at his own poor performance, Spoon eye played a Nine-his favorite card, due to the rcsemulance-and then grabbed one of the cook's cards and placed it on his side of the table. Justifiably angty, the cook argued that rhis was not part of the rules: in rhe origi nal Thirty-fours, Nines grant no special privilege. Spooneye, in response, leaped out of his chair and gouged out the unfortunate cook's left eye with his mighty spoon-hand. Most accounts suggesr thar the cook was keelhauled after the game; some (possibly apoctyphal) accounts suggest that it was this cook who later became the despised buccaneer Disheye.
  • Solving an Esoteric Card Game with Reinforcement Learning

    Solving an Esoteric Card Game with Reinforcement Learning

    Solving an Esoteric Card Game with Reinforcement Learning Andrew S. Dallas Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305 A learning strategy was developed to learn optimal policies for the card game Somerset and to develop a prediction of what score to expect given an initial hand. Somerset is a trick- taking, imperfect information game similar to the game Euchre. The state and action space of the game is intractably large, so an approximation to the state and action space is used. A Q- learning algorithm is used to learn the policies and impact of using eligibility traces on the learning algorithm’s performance is examined. The learning algorithm showed moderate improvement over a random strategy, and the learned Q-values revealed predictions that could be made on the final score based on the opening deal. I. Introduction Somerset is a four-player, trick-taking card game similar to Euchre. The game has a variety of decisions that must be made with imperfect information. This work aims to find an ideal decision-making strategy for the game that can be used to inform and estimate how a player might perform once the cards have been dealt. The rules to the game will be described here briefly to provide context for the methodology employed, and a more detailed set of rules can be found in Ref. [1]. Somerset is played with a custom deck of cards. Instead of traditional suits of hearts and spades, there are numerical suits of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. There are n+1 cards of each numerical suit n with unique numerator non-negative integers up to the suit value denominator.
  • Official Rules for Bid Whist Tournaments

    Official Rules for Bid Whist Tournaments

    Official Rules For Bid Whist Tournaments Version 2.0 January 27, 2017 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Registration 3 3. Start of Play 4 4. Playoff Determination 5 5. General Rules During Play 6 6. A Renege May Be Called When 7 7. Code of Conduct 9 Version 2.0 January 27, 2017 1. Introduction This guide is the official document that governs the Rules and Code of Conduct used by Cardsharks officials in controlling play during tournaments nationwide. These rules will be implemented to maintain the integrity of the game, avoid cheating, avoid confusion and promote fairness. DEFINITIONS RENEGE – a move made by a player that is not in conformity with bid whist play. KITTY – 6 cards placed faced down on the table by the player dealing the cards. BID BLIND – a divider placed on the table during the bidding process preventing teams from giving signals. BOOK – consist of four cards, one played by each player. PASS – means the player will not state a bid. Four, Five, Six, Seven – Means you intend to name trump and that high cards will win. Four Special, Five Special, Six Special, Seven Special – Means that you intend to name a trump and low cards will win. Four No, Five No, Six No, Seven No – Means that there will be no trump named and that if you win the bid you will state at that time by saying “Uptown” (meaning high card win) or “Downtown” (meaning low cards win). Moving Team – the team that has to move to the next table after the round is over.
  • Analysis of Rummy Games: Expected Waiting Times and Optimal Strategies

    Analysis of Rummy Games: Expected Waiting Times and Optimal Strategies

    ANALYSIS OF RUMMY GAMES: EXPECTED WAITING TIMES AND OPTIMAL STRATEGIES CHRISTOPHER FINKLE A SENIOR RESEARCH PAPER PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE OF STETSON UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE STETSON UNIVERSITY 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Background and Objective . 2 1.2 Games of the Rummy Family . 3 1.3 Expected Value and Expected Time . 4 1.4 Existing Literature . 6 2 A Computational Approach 6 2.1 The Combinatorial Explosion of Rummy . 6 2.2 The Strategy of Dynamic Programming . 7 2.3 Introduction of Simplifying Assumptions . 8 2.4 The Bellman Equation . 10 2.5 Modifying the Bellman Equation to Describe Rummy . 11 2.6 Iterating Over the Set of Hands . 12 3 Three-Card Rummy 14 3.1 A Combinatorial Implosion . 14 3.2 Results . 16 3.2.1 Analysis of Results for 3-Card Rummy with Aces Low 16 3.2.2 Analysis of Results for 3-Card Rummy with Aces High or Low . 18 3.2.3 Analysis of Results for 3-Card Continuity Rummy . 19 4 Four-Card Rummy 21 4.1 Combinatorial Regrowth . 21 4.2 Analysis of Results for 4-Card Continuity Rummy . 21 5 Approximation and Least Upper Bounds 23 5.1 An Illustration of the Bounding Process . 23 5.2 Implementation of the Approximation Algorithm . 24 5.3 Approximation of 3-Card Rummy with Aces Low . 26 5.4 Approximation of 4-Card Rummy with Aces Low . 29 5.5 Approximation of 4-Card Rummy with Aces High or Low .
  • Reutilización De Ontologías En Un Dominio Restringido

    Reutilización De Ontologías En Un Dominio Restringido

    Reutilización de ontologías en un dominio restringido Enrique P. Latorres Universidad ORT del Uruguay Montevideo, URUGUAY, 11000 [email protected] [email protected] Resumen Se plantea un conjunto de hipótesis para la validez de la reutilización de conocimiento. Si los sistemas del futuro deberán estar basados en la reutilización eficiente del conocimiento, esto será posible sólo si efectivamente representan una ventaja contra los sistemas actuales. Así la construcción de nuevo conocimiento a partir de una base de conocimiento de dominios similares debería ayudar a construir nuevas instancias de conocimiento sin grandes esfuerzos y el nivel de reutilización podría ser mejor que simplemente partir de un modelo similar particular. Además la creación de conocimiento muchas veces está basado en la visión operacional del dominio y las sub- clases generalmente son diseñadas de forma algo descuidada o se implementan lo necesario para la infraestructura de lo que se trata de implementar. Esto implica que conocimiento tácito del dominio puede ser implementado de diversas formas y que eventualmente no sea integrado en forma efectiva, debido a visiones divergentes en el diseño de diversas ontologías. Sin embargo comparados estos diseños, algunos de los elementos conceptualizables de conocimiento podrían ser extraídos de la base de conocimiento al identificar patrones que se repiten. Una vez reconocidos podrían ser explícitamente conceptualizados para que sean reutilizados por los expertos del dominio. El experimento trata estos casos en un ejemplo y se presentan los resultados obtenidos. Este trabajo muestra resultados de una experiencia donde se mide la similitud y reutilización de componentes semánticos entre varias ontologías, las cuales están relacionadas por dominios similares.
  • Bidding in Spades Arxiv:1912.11323V2 [Cs.AI] 10 Feb 2020

    Bidding in Spades Arxiv:1912.11323V2 [Cs.AI] 10 Feb 2020

    Bidding in Spades Gal Cohensius1 and Reshef Meir2 and Nadav Oved3 and Roni Stern4 Abstract. We present a Spades bidding algorithm that is \friend" with a common signal convention or an unknown superior to recreational human players and to publicly avail- AI/human where no convention can be assumed; (2) Partly able bots. Like in Bridge, the game of Spades is composed observable state: agents observe their hand but do not know of two independent phases, bidding and playing. This paper how the remaining cards are distributed between the other focuses on the bidding algorithm, since this phase holds a pre- players. Each partly observable state at the start of a round 39! ∼ 16 cise challenge: based on the input, choose the bid that maxi- can be completed to a full state in 13!3 = 8:45 · 10 ways; mizes the agent's winning probability. Our Bidding-in-Spades and (3) Goal choosing, as different bids mean that the agent (BIS) algorithm heuristically determines the bidding strat- should pursue different goals during the round. egy by comparing the expected utility of each possible bid. A major challenge is how to estimate these expected utilities. Related work. We first mention two general game-playing To this end, we propose a set of domain-specific heuristics, algorithms: Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) evaluates and then correct them via machine learning using data from moves by simulating many random games and taking the aver- real-world players. The BIS algorithm we present can be at- age score [6]. Upper Confidence bounds applied to Trees (UCT) tached to any playing algorithm.
  • The Penguin Book of Card Games

    The Penguin Book of Card Games

    PENGUIN BOOKS The Penguin Book of Card Games A former language-teacher and technical journalist, David Parlett began freelancing in 1975 as a games inventor and author of books on games, a field in which he has built up an impressive international reputation. He is an accredited consultant on gaming terminology to the Oxford English Dictionary and regularly advises on the staging of card games in films and television productions. His many books include The Oxford History of Board Games, The Oxford History of Card Games, The Penguin Book of Word Games, The Penguin Book of Card Games and the The Penguin Book of Patience. His board game Hare and Tortoise has been in print since 1974, was the first ever winner of the prestigious German Game of the Year Award in 1979, and has recently appeared in a new edition. His website at http://www.davpar.com is a rich source of information about games and other interests. David Parlett is a native of south London, where he still resides with his wife Barbara. The Penguin Book of Card Games David Parlett PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia) Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia
  • Bar-Tender's Guide Or How to Mix Drinks

    Bar-Tender's Guide Or How to Mix Drinks

    JERRY THOMAS' BAR-TENDERS GUIDE НOW TO MIX DRINKS NEW YORK. DIС AND FITZGERALD, PUBLISHERS. THE BAR-TENDERS GUIDE; OR, HOW TO MIX ALL KINDS OF PLAIN AND FANCY DRINKS, CONTAINING CLEAR AND RELIABLE DIRECTIONS FOB MIXING ALL THE BEVERAGES USED IN THE UNITED STATES, TOGETHER WITH THE MOST POPULAR BRITISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, EUSSIAN, AND SPANISH RECIPES ; EMBRACING PUNCHES, JULEPS, COBBLERS, ETC., ETC., IN ENDLESS VARIETY. BY JERRY THOMAS, Formerly Principal Bar-Tender at the Metropolitan Hotel, New York, and the Planters' House, 81. Louis. NEW YORK: DICK & FITZGERALD, PUBLISHERS, No. 18 ANN STREET. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1862, by DICK & FITZGERALD, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District of New York. - Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, BY DICK & FITZGERALD, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. PREFACE. In all ages of the world, and in all countries, men have in­ dulged in "so­ cial drinks." They have al­ ways possess­ ed themselves of some popu­ lar beverage apart from water and those of the breakfast and tea table. Whether it is judicious that mankind should con­ tinue to indulge in such things, or whether it would be wiser to abstain from all enjoyments of that character, it is not our province to decide. We leave that question to the moral philosopher. We simply contend that a relish for "social drinks" is universal; that those drinks exist in greater variety in the United States than in any other country in the world; and that he, therefore, who proposes to impart to these drink not only the most palatable but the most wholesome characteristics of which they may be made susceptible, is a genuine public benefactor.