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ELEPHANT RIDING: the FACTS the Asian Elephant Is a Critically
ELEPHANT RIDING: THE FACTS (Prepared by Belynda Zolotto) The Asian Elephant is a critically endangered species, facing a very high risk of extinction. For the Thai Asian Elephant, the primary cause of this is habitat loss. The forests and grasslands needed to support a population of elephants have been disseminated by human activity and simply no longer exist. Domesticated elephants are the answer to creating a sustainable future for Thai elephants but providing a supportive environment for elephants in an elephant village or camp/centre requires money. For the Royal Elephant Kraal Village, like other such dedicated, protective centres, tourism is an important source of income. Providing an ethical and humane riding experience for visitors is critical if their programs are to be continued in the long term. Recently claims have been circulating on the internet and media, maintaining that this practice is damaging for the elephants, even cruel. The Royal Elephant Kraal Village (the Kraal) strongly disputes this assertion and this article sets out some of the facts, and the maths, to demonstrate that elephants are well able to easily carry the weight of humans on their backs. The Kraal has gone to great lengths to ensure that the elephants in its care are well-treated, that their participation in the riding program is beneficial and that the equipment used for rides is well designed and comfortable for the elephant. The emotive claims against the practice liken the experience of carrying people on the elephant’s back to a human carrying a 50 pound backpack for nine hours a day and purport that it will lead to permanent spinal injuries.1 Instead of making exaggerated comparisons between the human experience and that of animals in order to appeal to people’s emotions, always a risky exercise, let’s look at the facts. -
Elephant Care Manual for Mahouts and Camp Managers
Elephant care manual for mahouts and camp managers 1 The designations and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO. C FAO and FIO, 2005 ISBN: 974-7946-71-8 Edited by Richard C. Lair Drawings by Sirikorn Inkom Printed by XX For copies write to: Forest Resources Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 2 Elephant care manual for mahouts and camp managers Preecha Phangkum Richard C. Lair Taweepoke Angkawanith FOREST INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangkok, 2005 3 Foreword The number of wild elephants in Thailand has declined steadily over the last three decades, mostly because of relentless habitat destruction, and experts estimate that at present only about 1,500 wild elephants remain. Today, better management by state agencies and increased public awareness are helping the wild elephant population to stabilize. In the middle of the nineteenth century, Thailand had as many as 100,000 domesticated elephants. The number of domesticated elephants started to decline about fifty years ago, as rapidly improving roads eroded the use of elephants in transportation — the most common work in the old days. -
Elephant Poaching &Amp
Ecological Economics 120 (2015) 312–337 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolecon Surveys Elephant poaching & ivory trafficking problems in Sub-Saharan Africa: An application of O'Hara's principles of political economy Andrew John Brennan a,⁎, Jaslin Kaur Kalsi b a Economics Department, Curtin University. Senior Research Fellow, Global Political Economy Research Unit, Australia b Research Associate, Global Political Economy Research Unit, Australia article info abstract Article history: This paper examines the complex social problem of African elephant decimation using a political economy Received 28 November 2013 approach. This paper applies five principles of O'Hara's political economy (POPE): historical specificity; circular Received in revised form 27 July 2015 and cumulative causation; uneven development; heterogeneous agents; and contradiction. POPE provides a Accepted 18 August 2015 practical tool for scrutinising the interdependent aspects of a problem. The culture of conspicuous consumption Available online 18 November 2015 for ivory is a key historical driver of demand. Yet a core, integrated factor that helps explain the current crisis Keywords: relates to the principle of uneven development. The role of uneven development can be indirect, through lack fl Elephant poaching and ivory trafficking of human development causing high crime and corruption rates, weak policy frameworks and con icts in land Sub-Saharan Africa ownership. Further, heterogeneity of agents adds to the complexity of the networks engaged in the decimation Political economy of elephants. Linked to the poaching–trafficking circuit of heterogeneous agents, this paper identifies two specific O'Hara's principles elephant contradictions between the market forces of durable fixed capital and environment-elephant capital. -
Mighty War Elephants the Toy Soldier Museum’S James H
FEATURE Mighty War Elephants The Toy Soldier Museum’s James H. Hillestad traces the history of ponderous and powerful pachyderms in warfare while providing a peek at some awe-inspiring AeroArt portrayals of the mammoth beasts in miniature Text: James H. Hillestad Photos: Tor Johnson and James H. Hillestad t is believed that the first military probably among the first confrontations savannah cousins, about the size of the application of elephants dates from Europeans ever had with war elephants. Asian elephant. The African savannah I around 1100 B.C. in India. As weapons of warfare, elephants elephant proved to be too difficult to From Asia, the use of war elephants were used mainly in charges. A charging tame for military purposes, so it was migrated to the Persian Empire, elephant was formidable in combat, never widely used. where they were used in a number reaching speeds of up to 20 mph and, War elephants were exclusively of campaigns. The Persians’ Battle of unlike horse cavalry, not easily stopped male. Faster and more aggressive than Gaugamela (331 B.C.), fought against by an infantry line equipped with spears. females, they were also taller, heavier Greece’s Alexander the Great, was The elephant’s power was based on and stronger -- and most importantly, pure brute force. It would crash into an the long tusks of the males were enemy line, trampling men with feet 19 decisive in battle. Further, it was found inches in diameter and swinging mighty that female elephants do not have the tusks up to 10 feet long. Cavalry was not temperament for fighting and so they safe either because horses, unaccustomed were rarely used in battle. -
Hergé and Tintin
Hergé and Tintin PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Fri, 20 Jan 2012 15:32:26 UTC Contents Articles Hergé 1 Hergé 1 The Adventures of Tintin 11 The Adventures of Tintin 11 Tintin in the Land of the Soviets 30 Tintin in the Congo 37 Tintin in America 44 Cigars of the Pharaoh 47 The Blue Lotus 53 The Broken Ear 58 The Black Island 63 King Ottokar's Sceptre 68 The Crab with the Golden Claws 73 The Shooting Star 76 The Secret of the Unicorn 80 Red Rackham's Treasure 85 The Seven Crystal Balls 90 Prisoners of the Sun 94 Land of Black Gold 97 Destination Moon 102 Explorers on the Moon 105 The Calculus Affair 110 The Red Sea Sharks 114 Tintin in Tibet 118 The Castafiore Emerald 124 Flight 714 126 Tintin and the Picaros 129 Tintin and Alph-Art 132 Publications of Tintin 137 Le Petit Vingtième 137 Le Soir 140 Tintin magazine 141 Casterman 146 Methuen Publishing 147 Tintin characters 150 List of characters 150 Captain Haddock 170 Professor Calculus 173 Thomson and Thompson 177 Rastapopoulos 180 Bianca Castafiore 182 Chang Chong-Chen 184 Nestor 187 Locations in Tintin 188 Settings in The Adventures of Tintin 188 Borduria 192 Bordurian 194 Marlinspike Hall 196 San Theodoros 198 Syldavia 202 Syldavian 207 Tintin in other media 212 Tintin books, films, and media 212 Tintin on postage stamps 216 Tintin coins 217 Books featuring Tintin 218 Tintin's Travel Diaries 218 Tintin television series 219 Hergé's Adventures of Tintin 219 The Adventures of Tintin 222 Tintin films -
“White Elephant” the King's Auspicious Animal
แนวทางการบริหารการจัดการเรียนรู้ภาษาจีนส าหรับโรงเรียนสองภาษา (ไทย-จีน) สังกัดกรุงเทพมหานคร ประกอบด้วยองค์ประกอบหลักที่ส าคัญ 4 องค์ประกอบ ได้แก่ 1) เป้าหมายและ หลักการ 2) หลักสูตรและสื่อการสอน 3) เทคนิคและวิธีการสอน และ 4) การพัฒนาผู้สอนและผู้เรียน ค าส าคัญ: แนวทาง, การบริหารการจัดการเรียนรู้ภาษาจีน, โรงเรียนสองภาษา (ไทย-จีน) Abstract This study aimed to develop a guidelines on managing Chinese language learning for Bilingual Schools (Thai – Chinese) under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. The study was divided into 2 phases. Phase 1 was to investigate the present state and needs on managing Chinese language learning for Bilingual Schools (Thai – Chinese) under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration from the perspectives of the involved personnel in Bilingual Schools (Thai – Chinese) under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Phase 2 was to create guidelines on managing Chinese language learning for Bilingual Schools (Thai – Chinese) under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration and to verify the accuracy and suitability of the guidelines by interviewing experts on teaching Chinese language and school management. A questionnaire, a semi-structured interview form, and an evaluation form were used as tools for collecting data. Percentage, mean, and Standard Deviation were employed for analyzing quantitative data. Modified Priority Needs Index (PNImodified) and content analysis were used for needs assessment and analyzing qualitative data, respectively. The results of this research found that the actual state of the Chinese language learning management for Bilingual Schools (Thai – Chinese) in all aspects was at a high level ( x =4.00) and the expected state of the Chinese language learning management for Bilingual Schools (Thai – Chinese) in the overall was at the highest level ( x =4.62). The difference between the actual state and the expected state were significant different at .01 level. -
1-Read-Rome-Hanni &
HANNIBAL’S ELEPHANTS “What do you get when you cross the Alps with an elephant?” Hannibal hoped that the answer was “Rome.” Elephants were the most spectacular, extravagant, and unpredictable element in ancient warfare. Since the Cme of Alexander the Great, HellenisCc kings and commanders had tried to use the great strength, size, and relaCve invulnerability of the animals to throw opposing infantry into confusion and flight. Elephants’ unusual smell and loud trumpeCng panicked horses not accustomed to the strange beasts, wreaking havoc with cavalry units. Mahouts, or drivers, who were usually Indians, controlled and directed the animal from a seat on the elephant’s neck. Normally each elephant carried a small, tower like structure from which archers could shoot down on the massed infantry. However, as with modern tanks, the primary importance of the beasts was the enormous shock effect created by a charge of massed war elephants. They made infantry afraid and they ran away. SCll, they oNen created more problems than they solved. Indian princes had used elephants in warfare for centuries. When Alexander the Great crossed the Indus in 326 B.C.E, the Indian king Porus came close to defeaCng the Greek conqueror, thanks largely to his more than 200 elephants. In 302 B.C.E, the HellenisCc king, Seleucus I, received 500 war elephants from an Indian king as part of a peace treaty. The next year the animals contributed greatly to Seleucus’s victory over AnCgonus at Ipsus, which made possible the creaCon of his separaCst kingdom in Syria. ThereaNer Seleucid kings used elephants as an integral part of their military and even aXempted, without much success, to breed elephants in Syria. -
Ivory Markets of Europe 23/11/2005 02:25 PM Page 1
Ivory Markets of Europe 23/11/2005 02:25 PM Page 1 Ivory Markets of Europe A survey in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK Esmond Martin and Daniel Stiles Drawings by Andrew Kamiti Published by Care for the Wild International Save the Elephants The Granary PO Box 54667, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tickfold Farm and Kingsfold c/o Ambrose Appelbe, 7 New Square, West Sussex RH12 3SE Lincoln’s Inn, London, WC2A 3RA UK UK 2005 ISBN 9966 - 9683 - 4 - 2 Ivory Markets of Europe 23/11/2005 02:25 PM Page 2 CONTENTS List of tables 3 Executive summary 5 Introduction 7 Methodology 8 Results 9 Germany 9 United Kingdom 29 France 45 Spain 64 Italy 78 Status of the ivory trade in Europe 90 Trends in the ivory trade in Europe 93 Discussion 96 Conclusions 99 References 102 Acknowledgements inside back cover 2 Ivory Markets of Europe 23/11/2005 02:25 PM Page 3 LIST OF TABLES Germany Table 1 Number of illegal elephant product seizures made in Germany recorded by ETIS, 1989-2003 Table 2 Number of craftsmen working in ivory in Erbach from the 1870s to 2004 Table 3 Number of ivory items seen for retail sale in Germany, September 2004 Table 4 Types of retail outlets selling ivory items in Germany, September 2004 Table 5 Ivory items for retail sale in the largest shop in Michelstadt, September 2004 Table 6 Retail prices for ivory items seen in Michelstadt, September 2004 Table 7 Retail prices for ivory items seen in Erbach, September 2004 Table 8 Number of retail outlets and ivory items in the main antique markets in Berlin, September 2004 Table 9 New (post 1989) -
{TEXTBOOK} Elephant
ELEPHANT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Raymond Carver | 128 pages | 05 Jul 2011 | Vintage Publishing | 9780099530350 | English | London, United Kingdom Elephant - Wikipedia The seeds are typically dispersed in large amounts over great distances. This ecological niche cannot be filled by the next largest herbivore, the tapir. At Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda, the overabundance of elephants has threatened several species of small birds that depend on woodlands. Their weight can compact the soil, which causes the rain to run off , leading to erosion. Elephants typically coexist peacefully with other herbivores, which will usually stay out of their way. Some aggressive interactions between elephants and rhinoceros have been recorded. At Aberdare National Park , Kenya, a rhino attacked an elephant calf and was killed by the other elephants in the group. This is due to lower predation pressures that would otherwise kill off many of the individuals with significant parasite loads. Female elephants spend their entire lives in tight-knit matrilineal family groups, some of which are made up of more than ten members, including three mothers and their dependent offspring, and are led by the matriarch which is often the eldest female. The social circle of the female elephant does not necessarily end with the small family unit. In the case of elephants in Amboseli National Park , Kenya, a female's life involves interaction with other families, clans, and subpopulations. Families may associate and bond with each other, forming what are known as bond groups which typically made of two family groups. During the dry season, elephant families may cluster together and form another level of social organisation known as the clan. -
Giants on Our Hands
GIANTS ON OUR HANDS PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE DOMESTICATED ASIAN ELEPHANT The designations and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO. The photo credits given below are by page number in order of appearance. Copyright in all cases remains with the photographers, to whom FAO wishes to extend its thanks for their generous permission to reproduce their work. Masakazu Kashio: Cover page, iii, 14 (lower), 102, 156, 172 Makoto Komoda: ix, 14 (upper), 16 Sawai Wanghongsa: 34 Richard Lair: 66 Sam Fang: 78, 182 Jacob V. Cheeran: 222 Asian Elephant Foundation of Thailand: 230 Thai Animal Guardians Association: 238 Edited by: Iljas Baker and Masakazu Kashio ISBN: 974-90757-1-4 FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 2002 Printed by: Dharmasarn Co., Ltd. For copies write to: Forest Resources Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] ii A royal white elephant of Thailand iii Foreword The Asian elephant has played an important role in the cultural, economic and social life of Asia for millennia. However, it has been increasingly marginalized in the region and, apart from Myanmar, there is now little demand for the traditional work done by elephants. -
Captive Elephants in Forest Camps of India
Captive elephants in Forest Camps of India An Investigation into the Population Status, Management and Welfare Significance Surendra Varma, George Verghese, Kushal Konwar Sarma N. Kalaivanan, N.S. Manoharan, David Abraham, S.R. Sujata, and Naveen Pandey Elephants in Captivity- CUPA/ANCF Technical Report No.17 1 Captive elephants in Forest Camps of India An Investigation into the Population Status, Management and Welfare Significance Surendra Varma1, George Verghese2, Kushal Konwar Sarma3 N. Kalaivanan4, N.S. Manoharan5, David Abraham6, S.R. Sujata7 and Naveen Pandey8 Elephants in Captivity- CUPA/ANCF Technical Report No.17 1: Research Scientist, Asian Nature Conservation Foundation, Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012, Karnataka; 2: Forest Veterinary Officer C/o Chief Wildlife Warden, Union territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Vansadan, Port Blair,-741002, Andaman, 3: Professor, Department of Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-781 022, 4: Forest Veterinary Surgeon, Forest Veterinary Dispensary, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Theppakadu Nilgiris 643 21, Tamil Nadu, 5: Forest Veterinary Officer, O/O Conservator of Forests, Kurunji Building, Avinashilingam Home Science Collage (P.O) Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, 6: Green Dale, Fathima Nagar, Thrissur – 680005, Kerala 7: Researcher, Compassion Unlimited Plus Action (CUPA), Veterinary College Campus, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, & Wildlife Rescue & Rehabilitation Centre (WRRC), Bannerghatta Biological -
The Licit and the Illicit in Archaeological and Heritage Discourses
CHALLENGING THE DICHOTOMY EDIT ED BY LES FIELD CRISTÓBAL GNeccO JOE WATKINS CHALLENGING THE DICHOTOMY • The Licit and the Illicit in Archaeological and Heritage Discourses TUCSON The University of Arizona Press www.uapress.arizona.edu © 2016 by The Arizona Board of Regents Open-access edition published 2020 ISBN-13: 978-0-8165-3130-1 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-8165-4169-0 (open-access e-book) The text of this book is licensed under the Creative Commons Atrribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivsatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which means that the text may be used for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Cover designed by Leigh McDonald Publication of this book is made possible in part by the Wenner-Gren Foundation. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Field, Les W., editor. | Gnecco, Cristóbal, editor. | Watkins, Joe, 1951– editor. Title: Challenging the dichotomy : the licit and the illicit in archaeological and heritage discourses / edited by Les Field, Cristóbal Gnecco, and Joe Watkins. Description: Tucson : The University of Arizona Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016007488 | ISBN 9780816531301 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Archaeology. | Archaeology and state. | Cultural property—Protection. Classification: LCC CC65 .C47 2016 | DDC 930.1—dc23 LC record available at https:// lccn.loc.gov/2016007488 An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good.