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Nature and Science An International Journal Nature and Science ISSN 1545-0740 Volume 9 - Number 1 (Cumulated No. 46), January 1, 2011 Marsland Press PO Box 180432, Richmond Hill, New York 11418, USA http://www.sciencepub.net [email protected] [email protected] 347-321-7172 http://www.sciencepub.net/nature [email protected] Nature and Science ISSN 1545-0740 Nature and Science ISSN: 1545-0740 The Nature and Science is an international journal with a purpose to enhance our natural and scientific knowledge dissemination in the world under the free publication principle. Papers submitted could be reviews, objective descriptions, research reports, opinions/debates, news, letters, and other types of writings that are nature and science related. All manuscripts submitted will be peer reviewed and the valuable papers will be considered for the publication after the peer review. The Authors are responsible to the contents of their articles. Editor-in-Chief: Ma, Hongbao, [email protected] Associate Editors-in-Chief: Cherng, Shen, Fu, Qiang, Ma, Yongsheng Editors: Ahmed, Mahgoub; Chen, George; Edmondson, Jingjing Z; Eissa, Alaa Eldin Abdel Mouty Mohamed; El-Nabulsi Ahmad Rami; Ezz, Eman Abou El; Fateen, Ekram; Hansen, Mark; Jiang, Wayne; Kalimuthu, Sennimalai; Kholoussi, Naglaa; Kumar Das, Manas; Lindley, Mark; Ma, Margaret; Ma, Mike; Mahmoud, Amal; Mary Herbert; Ouyang, Da; Qiao, Tracy X; Rasha, Adel; Ren, Xiaofeng; Sah, Pankaj; Shaalan, Ashrasf; Teng, Alice; Tripathi, Arvind Kumar; Warren, George; Xia, Qing; Xie, Yonggang; Xu, Shulai; Yang, Lijian; Young, Jenny; Yusuf, Mahmoud; Zaki, Maha Saad; Zaki, Mona Saad Ali; Zhou, Ruanbao; Zhu, Yi Web Design: Young, Jenny Introductions to Authors 1. General Information (1) Goals: As an international journal published both in print and on Reference Examples: internet, Nature and Science is dedicated to the dissemination of Journal Article: Hacker J, Hentschel U, Dobrindt U. Prokaryotic fundamental knowledge in all areas of nature and science. The main chromosomes and disease. Science 2003;301(34):790-3. purpose of Nature and Science is to enhance our knowledge spreading Book: Berkowitz BA, Katzung BG. Basic and clinical evaluation of in the world under the free publication principle. It publishes full- new drugs. In: Katzung BG, ed. Basic and clinical pharmacology. length papers (original contributions), reviews, rapid communications, Appleton & Lance Publisher. Norwalk, Connecticut, USA. 1995:60-9. and any debates and opinions in all the fields of nature and science. (10) Submission Address: [email protected], Marsland (2) What to Do: Nature and Science provides a place for discussion Press, PO Box 180432, Richmond Hill, New York 11418, USA, 347- of scientific news, research, theory, philosophy, profession and 321-7172. technology - that will drive scientific progress. Research reports and (11) Reviewers: Authors are encouraged to suggest 2-8 competent regular manuscripts that contain new and significant information of reviewers with their name and email. general interest are welcome. (3) Who: All people are welcome to submit manuscripts in any fields 2. Manuscript Preparation of nature and science. Each manuscript is suggested to include the following components but (4) Distributions: Web version of the journal is freely opened to the authors can do their own ways: world, without any payment or registration. The journal will be (1) Title page: Including the complete article title; each author’s full distributed to the selected libraries and institutions for free. 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References should include all the authors’ last names and initials, title, journal, year, volume, issue, and pages etc. ISSN: 1545-0740 ã 2003-2011 Marsland Press http://www.sciencepub.net [email protected] Nature and Science ISSN: 1545-0740 Volume 9 - Number 1 (Cumulated No. 46), January 1, 2011 Cover Page, Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, ns0901 Welcome to send your manuscript(s) to: [email protected]. CONTENTS No. Titles / Abstracts / Authors Full Text No. Application of GA3 and NAA as a Means for Improving Yield, Fruit Quality and Storability of Full Black Monukka Grape Cv. Text Rizk-Alla, M.S.1, Abd El-Wahab, M.A.*1 and Fkry, O.M.2 1 Viticulture Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt 2Fruit Handling Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt *[email protected] Abstract: This study was carried out for two successive seasons: 2009 & 2010 in a private vineyard located at El-Khatatba, Menoufiya governorate; to study the possibility of increasing yield, improving cluster quality, reducing berry shattering and enhancing storability of Black Monukka grapes through spraying with GA3 and different doses of NAA either in the single or in the combined form. The chosen vines were ten-year-old, grown in a sandy loam soil, spaced at 2 X 3 meters apart, irrigated by the drip system, and cane-pruned and trellised by the double "Y" shape system. Eight treatments were applied as follows; spraying with tap water (control), spraying with 20 ppm GA3, spraying with 25 ppm NAA, spraying with 50 ppm NAA, spraying with 75 ppm NAA, spraying with 20 ppm GA3 + 25 ppm NAA, spraying with 20 ppm GA + 50 ppm NAA and spraying with 20 ppm GA + 75 ppm NAA. All 1 3 3 1 treatments were applied after fruit set stage (at 2-3 mm berry diameter). Spraying with 20 ppm GA3 + 75 ppm NAA gave the best results in comparison with control. This treatment resulted in the best yield and its components as well as the best physical properties of cluster and improved physical and chemical characteristics of the berries. Histological studies showed the existence of a negative correlation between pedicel diameter and shattering through the increase in thickness of the cortex and xylem layers in all treatments specially that of spraying with 20 ppm GA3 + 75 ppm NAA. Concerning the effect of GA3 and/or NAA on clusters during cold storage for four weeks at 0°C, RH 90-95%, it was noticed that spraying with 20 ppm GA3 + 75 ppm NAA was the best treatment on enhancing storability, since it reduced wastage resulting either from disease infection or physiological disorders and inhibited the rate of deterioration of physical and chemical properties of grapes during cold storage by reducing weight loss (%), decay (%), shattering (%), total spoilage (%) and the decrease in firmness, it also increased berry colour, TSS and TSS/acid ratio and decreased acidity compared to control. The economical study indicated that spraying clusters with 20 ppm GA3 + 75 ppm NAA resulted in the highest net income of Black Monukka grape as compared to the control. [Rizk-Alla, M.S., Abd El-Wahab, M.A. and Fkry, O.M. Application of GA3 and NAA as a Means for Improving Yield, Fruit Quality and Storability of Black Monukka Grape Cv. Nature and Science 2011;9(1):1-19]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net. Keywords: Application; GA3; Improving Yield; Fruit Quality; Storability; Black Monukka Grape 2 Impact of sources on waste production in activities across supply chain: Full 2 i A new approach Text Mohamad Reza Parsanejad¹, Mansor Momeni², Ali Mohaghar³ 1,2,3 Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran [email protected] Abstract: Productivity of construction industry is low especially in waste production. To demonstrate how it can be better than this situation, its waste sources should b e identified. Whereas sources of waste are different for any material, construction activities across supply chain that use so many kinds of materials have some different sources of waste. In order to respond to the question, "which kind of sources effect on waste production in activities?” 30 questionnaires were distributed between experts. By following question about impact of five top sources on waste in activities, using binominal test, it is observed that sources of waste for any activity are the same as waste sources of materials used in that. Indeed, a category of sources which influence on waste production of some materials are effective on waste in activities that use them. [Mohamad Reza Parsanejad, Mansor Momeni, Ali Mohaghar. Impact of sources on waste production in activities across supply chain:A new approach. Nature and Science 2011; 9(1):20-28]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). Keywords: Waste, source of waste, waste in activities, supply chain, dimensional and weight based materials Pasting Properties of Heat-Moisture Treated Starches of White and Yellow Yam (Dioscorae Full species) Cultivars 1, * 2 3 Text Oladebeye Abraham Olasupo , Oshodi Aladesanmi Andrew , Oladebeye Aderonke Adenike 1.
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