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An International Journal Nature and Science ISSN 1545-0740 Volume 9 - Number 1 (Cumulated No. 46), January 1, 2011 Marsland Press PO Box 180432, Richmond Hill, New York 11418, USA http://www.sciencepub.net [email protected] [email protected] 347-321-7172 http://www.sciencepub.net/nature [email protected] Nature and Science ISSN 1545-0740 Nature and Science ISSN: 1545-0740 The Nature and Science is an international journal with a purpose to enhance our natural and scientific knowledge dissemination in the world under the free publication principle. Papers submitted could be reviews, objective descriptions, research reports, opinions/debates, news, letters, and other types of writings that are nature and science related. All manuscripts submitted will be peer reviewed and the valuable papers will be considered for the publication after the peer review. The Authors are responsible to the contents of their articles. Editor-in-Chief: Ma, Hongbao, [email protected] Associate Editors-in-Chief: Cherng, Shen, Fu, Qiang, Ma, Yongsheng Editors: Ahmed, Mahgoub; Chen, George; Edmondson, Jingjing Z; Eissa, Alaa Eldin Abdel Mouty Mohamed; El-Nabulsi Ahmad Rami; Ezz, Eman Abou El; Fateen, Ekram; Hansen, Mark; Jiang, Wayne; Kalimuthu, Sennimalai; Kholoussi, Naglaa; Kumar Das, Manas; Lindley, Mark; Ma, Margaret; Ma, Mike; Mahmoud, Amal; Mary Herbert; Ouyang, Da; Qiao, Tracy X; Rasha, Adel; Ren, Xiaofeng; Sah, Pankaj; Shaalan, Ashrasf; Teng, Alice; Tripathi, Arvind Kumar; Warren, George; Xia, Qing; Xie, Yonggang; Xu, Shulai; Yang, Lijian; Young, Jenny; Yusuf, Mahmoud; Zaki, Maha Saad; Zaki, Mona Saad Ali; Zhou, Ruanbao; Zhu, Yi Web Design: Young, Jenny Introductions to Authors 1. General Information (1) Goals: As an international journal published both in print and on Reference Examples: internet, Nature and Science is dedicated to the dissemination of Journal Article: Hacker J, Hentschel U, Dobrindt U. Prokaryotic fundamental knowledge in all areas of nature and science. The main chromosomes and disease. Science 2003;301(34):790-3. purpose of Nature and Science is to enhance our knowledge spreading Book: Berkowitz BA, Katzung BG. Basic and clinical evaluation of in the world under the free publication principle. It publishes full- new drugs. In: Katzung BG, ed. Basic and clinical pharmacology. length papers (original contributions), reviews, rapid communications, Appleton & Lance Publisher. Norwalk, Connecticut, USA. 1995:60-9. and any debates and opinions in all the fields of nature and science. (10) Submission Address: [email protected], Marsland (2) What to Do: Nature and Science provides a place for discussion Press, PO Box 180432, Richmond Hill, New York 11418, USA, 347- of scientific news, research, theory, philosophy, profession and 321-7172. technology - that will drive scientific progress. Research reports and (11) Reviewers: Authors are encouraged to suggest 2-8 competent regular manuscripts that contain new and significant information of reviewers with their name and email. general interest are welcome. (3) Who: All people are welcome to submit manuscripts in any fields 2. Manuscript Preparation of nature and science. Each manuscript is suggested to include the following components but (4) Distributions: Web version of the journal is freely opened to the authors can do their own ways: world, without any payment or registration. The journal will be (1) Title page: Including the complete article title; each author’s full distributed to the selected libraries and institutions for free. 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References should include all the authors’ last names and initials, title, journal, year, volume, issue, and pages etc. ISSN: 1545-0740 ã 2003-2011 Marsland Press http://www.sciencepub.net [email protected] Nature and Science ISSN: 1545-0740 Volume 9 - Number 1 (Cumulated No. 46), January 1, 2011 Cover Page, Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, ns0901 Welcome to send your manuscript(s) to: [email protected]. CONTENTS No. Titles / Abstracts / Authors Full Text No. Application of GA3 and NAA as a Means for Improving Yield, Fruit Quality and Storability of Full Black Monukka Grape Cv. Text Rizk-Alla, M.S.1, Abd El-Wahab, M.A.*1 and Fkry, O.M.2 1 Viticulture Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt 2Fruit Handling Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt *[email protected] Abstract: This study was carried out for two successive seasons: 2009 & 2010 in a private vineyard located at El-Khatatba, Menoufiya governorate; to study the possibility of increasing yield, improving cluster quality, reducing berry shattering and enhancing storability of Black Monukka grapes through spraying with GA3 and different doses of NAA either in the single or in the combined form. The chosen vines were ten-year-old, grown in a sandy loam soil, spaced at 2 X 3 meters apart, irrigated by the drip system, and cane-pruned and trellised by the double "Y" shape system. Eight treatments were applied as follows; spraying with tap water (control), spraying with 20 ppm GA3, spraying with 25 ppm NAA, spraying with 50 ppm NAA, spraying with 75 ppm NAA, spraying with 20 ppm GA3 + 25 ppm NAA, spraying with 20 ppm GA + 50 ppm NAA and spraying with 20 ppm GA + 75 ppm NAA. All 1 3 3 1 treatments were applied after fruit set stage (at 2-3 mm berry diameter). Spraying with 20 ppm GA3 + 75 ppm NAA gave the best results in comparison with control. This treatment resulted in the best yield and its components as well as the best physical properties of cluster and improved physical and chemical characteristics of the berries. Histological studies showed the existence of a negative correlation between pedicel diameter and shattering through the increase in thickness of the cortex and xylem layers in all treatments specially that of spraying with 20 ppm GA3 + 75 ppm NAA. Concerning the effect of GA3 and/or NAA on clusters during cold storage for four weeks at 0°C, RH 90-95%, it was noticed that spraying with 20 ppm GA3 + 75 ppm NAA was the best treatment on enhancing storability, since it reduced wastage resulting either from disease infection or physiological disorders and inhibited the rate of deterioration of physical and chemical properties of grapes during cold storage by reducing weight loss (%), decay (%), shattering (%), total spoilage (%) and the decrease in firmness, it also increased berry colour, TSS and TSS/acid ratio and decreased acidity compared to control. The economical study indicated that spraying clusters with 20 ppm GA3 + 75 ppm NAA resulted in the highest net income of Black Monukka grape as compared to the control. [Rizk-Alla, M.S., Abd El-Wahab, M.A. and Fkry, O.M. Application of GA3 and NAA as a Means for Improving Yield, Fruit Quality and Storability of Black Monukka Grape Cv. Nature and Science 2011;9(1):1-19]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net. Keywords: Application; GA3; Improving Yield; Fruit Quality; Storability; Black Monukka Grape 2 Impact of sources on waste production in activities across supply chain: Full 2 i A new approach Text Mohamad Reza Parsanejad¹, Mansor Momeni², Ali Mohaghar³ 1,2,3 Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran [email protected] Abstract: Productivity of construction industry is low especially in waste production. To demonstrate how it can be better than this situation, its waste sources should b e identified. Whereas sources of waste are different for any material, construction activities across supply chain that use so many kinds of materials have some different sources of waste. In order to respond to the question, "which kind of sources effect on waste production in activities?” 30 questionnaires were distributed between experts. By following question about impact of five top sources on waste in activities, using binominal test, it is observed that sources of waste for any activity are the same as waste sources of materials used in that. Indeed, a category of sources which influence on waste production of some materials are effective on waste in activities that use them. [Mohamad Reza Parsanejad, Mansor Momeni, Ali Mohaghar. Impact of sources on waste production in activities across supply chain:A new approach. Nature and Science 2011; 9(1):20-28]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). Keywords: Waste, source of waste, waste in activities, supply chain, dimensional and weight based materials Pasting Properties of Heat-Moisture Treated Starches of White and Yellow Yam (Dioscorae Full species) Cultivars 1, * 2 3 Text Oladebeye Abraham Olasupo , Oshodi Aladesanmi Andrew , Oladebeye Aderonke Adenike 1.
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  • An Introduction to the Flora, Life Form and Plant Chorology in Damghan Rangelands

    An Introduction to the Flora, Life Form and Plant Chorology in Damghan Rangelands

    Archive of SID ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ، وﯾﮋهﻧﺎﻣﻪ 1 -اﻟﻒ، ﺳﺎل 1388 www.jasnr.info www.sid.ir www.magiran.com/jasnr ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻓﻠ ﻮر، اﺷﮑﺎل زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن داﻣﻐﺎن * زﻫﺮه ﮐﺮﯾﻤﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﯽ ﮔﺮوه زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 21/1/87؛ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 88/1/25 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ و ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي- ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ در ﺣﺎل اﻧﻘﺮاض ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﻨﺪ ﮐـﻪ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن داﻣﻐـﺎن واﻗـﻊ ﺷﺪه، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻓﻠﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 242 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑـﻪ 38 ﺗﯿـﺮه وﺟـﻮد دارد ﮐـﻪ 93 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﯿـﺎه داروﯾﯽ و 149 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي- ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت اﺷﮑﺎل زﯾﺴﺘﯽ 30 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻔﯿـﺖ 141 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫﻤـﯽ ﮐﺮﭘﯿﺘﻮﻓﯿـﺖ و ژﺋﻮﻓﯿﺖ، 40 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺮوﻓﯿﺖ و 31 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﯿﺖ و ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﯿﺖ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ روﯾﺸـﯽ (ﮐﻮروﺗﯿـﭗ ) ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻋﻤﺪه ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارﻧﺪ. 8/ 3 درﺻﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن وﻃﻨﯽ، 17 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اروﭘﺎ- ﺳـﯿﺒﺮي و ﻣﺪﯾﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي و اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ، 45/ 1 درﺻﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روﯾﺸﯽ اروﭘﺎ- ﺳﯿﺒﺮي و ﺻﺤﺎرا ﺳﻨﺪي و ﯾـﺎ اﯾﺮاﻧـﯽ - ﺗـﻮراﻧﯽ و 7/ 9 9 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﺪﯾﺘﺮاﻧﻪاي و اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ، 2/10 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺻﺤﺎري ﺳﻨﺪي و اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ، 42/ 2 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼـﺮ اروﭘـﺎ - ﺳﯿﺒﺮي، ﺻﺤﺎري ﺳﻨﺪي و اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي و 8/ 3 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺻﺤﺎرا ﺳـﻨﺪي و اﯾﺮاﻧـﯽ - ﺗـﻮراﻧﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺘﺮاﻧـﻪ اي، 4/19 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اروﭘﺎ- ﺳﯿﺒﺮي و اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ و 6/28 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ، 1 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اروﭘﺎ- ﺳﯿﺒﺮي، 63/ 1 1 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺻﺤﺎرا ﺳﻨﺪي و 1 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﺪﯾﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
  • Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India

    Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India

    RESEARCH Vol. 21, Issue 68, 2020 RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN 2319–5746 EISSN 2319–5754 Species Floristic Diversity and Analysis of South Andaman Islands (South Andaman District), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik1, Lal Ji Singh1, Ganeshaiah KN2 1Botanical Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India 2Dept of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, School of Ecology and Conservation, G.K.V.K, UASB, Bangalore-560065, India Corresponding author: Botanical Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India Email: [email protected] Article History Received: 01 October 2020 Accepted: 17 November 2020 Published: November 2020 Citation Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik, Lal Ji Singh, Ganeshaiah KN. Floristic Diversity and Analysis of South Andaman Islands (South Andaman District), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Species, 2020, 21(68), 343-409 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. ABSTRACT After 7 years of intensive explorations during 2013-2020 in South Andaman Islands, we recorded a total of 1376 wild and naturalized vascular plant taxa representing 1364 species belonging to 701 genera and 153 families, of which 95% of the taxa are based on primary collections. Of the 319 endemic species of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 111 species are located in South Andaman Islands and 35 of them strict endemics to this region. 343 Page Key words: Vascular Plant Diversity, Floristic Analysis, Endemcity. © 2020 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS RESEARCH ARTICLE 1.
  • Floristic Study of the Cypress (Cupressus Sempervirens L.) Habitat in Firoozabad (Fars Province)

    Floristic Study of the Cypress (Cupressus Sempervirens L.) Habitat in Firoozabad (Fars Province)

    Archive of SID 2 Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 9th Year, No. 32, Autumn 2017 Floristic Study of the Cypress (Cupressus Sempervirens L.) Habitat in Firoozabad (Fars Province) Einollah Bahrani Fard 1, Mahdi Yousofi 2*, Ahmad Reza Khosravi 3 1 M. S. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran 2 Associate Professor Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran 3 Professor Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Abstract The cypress habitat of Firoozabad in Fars province is one of the valuable reserves of cypress tree (Cupressus sempervirence) in Iran. The climate of this habitat is semi-arid with an average annual rainfall of 434.8 mm and an average annual temperature of 20.6 degrees Celsius. Flora, life form, geographical distribution, and medicinal species of this habitat were studied in the present work. Identification of the collected specimens was done using the relevant references. As a result, 238 species belonging to 188 genera and 61 families were identified in the area. Asteraceae with 42 species and 33 genera and Astragalus with seven species are the largest family and genus in this region, respectively. Therophytes with 45 percent and hemicryptophytes with 25 percent were the most frequent life forms in the flora of Firoozabad cypress habitat. Geographical distribution of the species includes 38 percent Iran-Turanian, 28 percent bi-regional (Irano-Turanian, Mediterranean; Irano-Turanian, Euro-Siberian and Irano-Turanian, Saharo-Sindian), 14 percent tri-regional (Irano- Turanian, Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian, Saharo-Sindian, Mediterranean), 3 percent multi-regional and 5 percent cosmopolite elements.

  • Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Angiosperm Trees Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models

    Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models 21 Andrew Groover Quentin Cronk Editors Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Angiosperm Trees Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models Volume 21 Series Editor Richard A. Jorgensen More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7397 [email protected] Andrew Groover • Quentin Cronk Editors Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Angiosperm Trees [email protected] Editors Andrew Groover Quentin Cronk Pacific Southwest Research Station Department of Botany United States Forest Service University of British Columbia Davis, CA Vancouver, BC USA Canada ISSN 2363-9601 ISSN 2363-961X (electronic) Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models ISBN 978-3-319-49327-5 ISBN 978-3-319-49329-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-49329-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017955083 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
  • Phenolics, Fibre, Alkaloids, Saponins, and Cyanogenic Glycosides in A

    Phenolics, Fibre, Alkaloids, Saponins, and Cyanogenic Glycosides in A

    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31 (2003) 1221–1246 www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco Phenolics, fibre, alkaloids, saponins, and cyanogenic glycosides in a seasonal cloud forest in India S. Mali a, R.M. Borges b,∗ a National Innovation Foundation, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad 380 015, India b Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India Received 18 June 2001; accepted 3 February 2003 Abstract We investigated secondary compounds in ephemeral and non-ephemeral parts of trees and lianas of a seasonal cloud forest in the Western Ghats of India. We measured astringency, phenolic content, condensed tannins, gallotannins, ellagitannins, and fibre, and also screened for alkaloids, saponins and cyanogenic glycosides in 271 plant parts across 33 tree and 10 liana species which constituted more than 90% of the tree and liana species of this species- poor forest. Cyanogenic glycosides occurred only in the young leaves of Bridelia retusa (Euphorbiaceae), i.e. in 2.3% of species examined. Alkaloids were absent from petioles, ripe fruit and mature seeds examined. Saponins were found in all types of plant parts. Condensed tannins occurred in almost all plant parts examined (93.6%), while hydrolysable tannins were less ubiquitous (gallotannins in 31.2% of samples, and ellagitannins in 18.9%). Astringency levels were significantly correlated with total phenolic, condensed tannin, and hydrolysable tannin contents. Condensed tannin and hydrolysable tannin contents were not related. Immature leaves, flowers, and petioles had high astringency while lower levels were found in fruit. Flowers and fruit had the lowest fibre levels. There was no relationship between relative domi- nance of a species in the forest and the fibre or phenolic contents of its mature leaves.