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Burkina Faso Burkina Burkina Faso Religious Freedom in the World Report 2021 BURKINA FASO BURKINA BURKINA FASO RELIGIONS 20.1% Ethnoreligionists 55.6% Muslims 23.7% Population Area Christians 20,903,345 272,967 Km2 GDP per capita GINI INDEX* 1,703 US$ 35.3 0.6% *Economic Inequality Other not permitted in state-run schools, nevertheless, there are LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON FREEDOM OF RELIGION Muslim, Catholic and Protestant primary and secondary AND ACTUAL APPLICATION schools. Educational institutions have free reign in According to its constitution, the Republic of Burkina Faso personnel matters, although the appointment of school 4 is a secular state that grants no privileges to any religious heads must be reported to the authorities. The state denomination and guarantees its citizens freedom of reviews the curricula of schools sponsored by religious religion.1 Article 1 prohibits discrimination on the basis of communities with an eye to their religious orientation religion. Article 7 guarantees freedom of religion. Article and their compliance with technical specifications. In the 23 defines the family as the “basic unit of society” and case of Qur’anic schools, state control is not particularly 5 bans discrimination on the basis of religion, “in matters of effective since many of them are not registered. marriage”, which must be based “on the free consent” of The Muslim, Catholic, Protestant and animist communities the spouses. each receive government subsidies of around US$ 129,000 6 Like many other nations in the region of West Africa, Burkina per year. Support is also offered for a variety of religiously Faso is characterised by great religious diversity. The oriented programs and projects which, in the view of country’s various religious communities, predominantly the state, serve the common good or are in the national 7 Muslim and Christian, have traditionally maintained interest. Under an agreement concluded in September good relations with one another.2 Religious communities 2020 between the Republic of Burkina Faso and the Holy can register with the authorities through the Ministry of See, the Catholic Church and its institutions in Burkina 8 Territorial Administration and Decentralization, which Faso are subject to public law. The treaty also governs 9 oversees religious affairs, but they are not obliged to do cooperation between state and Church institutions. so. Registration is subject to the same legal requirements as those that apply to other registered organisations.3 INCIDENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS Because of the state’s neutrality, religious instruction is Islam in Burkina Faso has historically, as in many African | ACN - Aid to the Church in Need BURKINA FASO Religious Freedom in the World countries, generally been characterised as moderate with In 2019, there were more jihadist attacks in Burkina Faso Christians and Muslims sharing good inter-religious re- than any other country of the Sahel.19 Report 2021 lationships. Since the end of 2015, however, the country has, like in other parts of West Africa, become a hotspot On 1st January 2019, ethnic Mossi villagers in Yirgou for violent extremists.10 The militants - first identified with attacked Fulani herders killing 39 in apparent retaliation for an attack by suspected jihadists killing seven people in BURKINA FASO BURKINA the homegrown Ansaroul Islam in 2016 - have expand- 20 ed to include the Islamic State in West Africa Province Yirgou on 31st December 2018. BURKINA FASO (ISWAP) and the Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin Christian faithful and churches became specific targets (JNIM - affiliated with the transnational Al-Qaeda in the of violence for the first time in 2019 with concerns that Islamic Maghreb, AQIM) entering from neighbouring Mali this was the introduction of a wider a jihadist strategy to into northern Burkina Faso and then gaining influence RELIGIONS provoke greater religious and inter-communal conflict.21 in the country’s western, central, and eastern regions.11 Six of Burkina Faso’s 15 Catholic dioceses are currently Spurred by preachers adhering to an ideology of Salafi affected by religion-based terror.22 20.1% Jihadism, the extremists, mainly Burkinabè fighters pur- Ethnoreligionists 12 suing local interests , target state authorities, military On 15th February 2019, Fr. Antonio César Fernández, and police, as well as civilians including village leaders, a Salesian missionary from Spain, was murdered in 55.6% teachers - threatened because of the secular curriculum, 23 Muslims the central eastern region in a jihadist attack some 40 23.7% Population Area Muslim and Christian leadership, and faithful. As indicat- kilometres from Burkina Faso’s southern border. On that Christians 20,903,345 272,967 Km2 ed in a February 2020 International Crisis Group report, same day, four Burkinabé customs officers were killed in GDP per capita GINI INDEX* “militants extend their reach notably by exploiting local an attack at the Nouhao customs post near the borders 1,703 US$ 35.3 conflicts that are linked to the multifaceted rural crisis and with Ghana and Togo.24 0.6% *Economic Inequality often involve self-defence groups”, with insurgents includ- Other ing farmers and mainly Fulani herders “who are victims of On 28th April 2019, unidentified militants attacked a land-related injustices or racketeering, bandits who bring Protestant church in Silgadji village. Two church leaders experience in weaponry and fighting, gold miners seek- and four worshippers were killed, and others kidnapped.25 ing protection, and stigmatised populations.”13 The cycle t of violence is exacerbated with the response by village On 12 h May 2019, Fr. Siméon Yampa was murdered self-defence groups, in the local Mossi language called along with five worshippers while celebrating Sunday Koglweogo (“guardians of the bush”).14 Mass in the community of Dablo, Sanmatenga province. A day later, armed men intercepted Catholic residents The terror has provoked a wave of internally displaced during a Marian procession in Singa, a village in Zimtenga persons (IDPs) seeking shelter and safety. The UN department (district) in the north-central part of the country. Refugee Agency (UNHCR) reported in February 2020 that After letting the children go free, the attackers murdered 765,000 people in Burkina Faso had been displaced by four adults and destroyed the Marian statue taken on terrorist groups, up from 65,000 12 months before.15 Those procession.26 affected include at least 70,000 Christians, though over 90 percent of IDPs in the most affected areas, are Muslim.16 On 13th May 2019, at the funeral for the Dablo victims, IDPs told the UNHCR that militant groups attacked their Archbishop Séraphin François Rouamba of Koupéla, villages, looted their homes, raping and killing inhabitants. President of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Out of fear, “the residents left everything behind in search Burkina Faso and Niger, repeated his calls for peaceful 27 of shelter.”17 To make matters worse, the country was hit coexistence. Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and by major flooding in the wake of severe rainfall in August representatives of tribal religions were in attendance at 2020. At present, it is estimated that some 3.5 million the funeral. people are internally displaced.18 Following the attacks on Catholic churchgoers on 12th and The most notable attack in 2018 was the 2nd March 13th May, the Bishops of West Africa (RECOWA-CERAO) targeting by militants of the military headquarters and the issued a press release after their third Plenary Assembly 28 French Embassy in Ouagadougou killing at least eight meeting in Burkina Faso’s capital Ouagadougou. “We security force members. condemn this disturbing wave of violence that affects not Religious Freedom in the World Report 2021 | only Burkina Faso, but also Niger, Mali and Nigeria, and threatened the bereaved that they would return in three would like to express our solidarity and extend our prayers days. If Christians were still found upon return, they too and sympathy to our brothers and sisters who have been would be killed.35 affected by violence.”29 On 11th October 2019, armed extremists attacked On 26th May 2019, a Catholic church in Toulfé, a village the Grand Mosque in the town of Salmossi killing 16 BURKINA FASO BURKINA FASO near Titao, the capital of the northern province of Loroum, worshippers at prayer. On the following day, about 1,000 was attacked during Sunday Mass. At around 9 am, protesters marched in the capital Ouagadougou “to eight heavily armed men on four motorcycles drove into denounce terrorism and the presence of foreign military the village. They entered the church where the Catholic bases in Africa.”36 community had gathered to celebrate Holy Mass and fired into the crowd. Three people were killed instantly, and the On 1st December 2019, Islamists attacked a Protestant fourth later succumbed to his severe injuries. Numerous church in Hantoukoura, Komandjarie province, in the 37 worshippers were injured in the attack.30 east of the country near the border with Niger. Security services reported that around a dozen armed men stormed On 4th June 2019, the Archbishop and Grand Imam of the church executing 14 people, including children and Ouagadougou joined in common prayers for peace in the the pastor of the congregation, and leaving many injured. capital’s Place de la Nation on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr. Soldiers pursued the attackers who fled the scene on On this occasion, Prime Minister Christophe Dabire stated: motorcycles. “I am convinced that with the Muslim brothers who have continued to pray for this country, that they will continue On 10th February 2020, seven people were abducted to do so in order for our lives, which were threatened by from a priest’s home in the city of Sebba, Yagha province, terrorists, by the fragmenting of social cohesion, so our in the northeast of the country. The bodies of five of the 38 country can find calm and serenity once more for the abductees were discovered three days later.
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