Camilla Ween Lessons from

Harvard Loeb Fellow February 2008

1 Developing a World City 2 Better integration of the

3 Planning for growth

4 Balancing new and old

5 2000 London changed!

Greater London Authority

Mayor Ken Livingstone

6 Greater London Authority:

• Mayor’s Office • • London Development Agency • Fire and Emergency Planning • Metropolitan Police

7 What helped change London

• Greater London Authority established in 2000 • Spatial Development Strategy - London Plan • Transport for London • Congestion Charge Scheme • Major transport schemes • Role of Land Use Planning • Sustainable travel and ‘soft’ measures

8 Spatial Development Strategy

9 London Plan A coherent set of policies • Climate Change Action Plan • Waste • Noise • Biodiversity • Children’s play space • Flood • Access etc etc

10 11 Transport for London • Overground rail • Underground • Buses • Trams • Taxis • River Services • Cycling • Walking

12 Transport for London

• Budget ca $15 Bn • Carries 3 billion passengers pa

13 Transport for London

Steady increase in journeys (2007):

• Bus up 3.6% • Underground up 4.5% • Docklands Light Rail 16%

14 Transport Strategy

15 Congestion Charge Scheme

• First zone introduced 2003 • Area doubled 2007

16

16 Congestion Charging

17

17 Congestion Charge Scheme

• Number-plate recognition • Central call-centre billing • Many options for paying: - Buy on the day - Text messaging - Internet

18 Congestion Charging

• $16 per day (multiple re-entry) • 7.00 am to 6.00 pm • Monday to Friday • Weekends free

19 Congestion Charging

Benefits: • 21 % Traffic reduction • 30% Congestion reduction in first year • 43 % increase in cycling within zone • Reduction in Accidents • Reduction in key traffic pollutants • $250m raised for improving transport

20 Congestion Charging

• Public transport accommodating displaced car users • Retail footfall higher than rest of UK • No effect on property prices

21 Major Transport Schemes

Being developed: • • New tram systems • Major interchanges - e.g. Victoria • Light Transits • Bridge

22 Existing station

New station

Surface line

Tunnel

Portal (tunnel entrance and exit)

Regional Map Crossrail

Brentwood District Shenfield

Brentwood

Harold Wood Redbridge LB Gidea Park Seven Kings South Bucks Manor District Camden Chadwell Hillingdon LB Park LB Islington Heath Havering LB Maryland LB Ealing LB Ealing Bond Farringdon Stratford Forest Broadway Street Gate Taplow Burnham City of Newham LB West Ealing WhitechapelTower Hamlets Barking & West LB LB Custom LB Slough Drayton Hanwell House Maidenhead Slough Iver Hayes & CofL Harlington Liverpool Acton Main Street Abbey Langley Line Hammersmith Paddington Southall & Fulham LB RB Isle of Wood Kensington Dogs & Chelsea Tottenham Court Rd Woolwich Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead Greenwich Heathrow LB Bexley LB

New Underground linking to existing overland rail services through Central London

23

September 2007 Existing station

New station

Surface line

Tunnel

Portal (tunnel entrance and exit)

Key interchange Route Connections Map

Luton Gatwick DLR Jubilee Metropolitan Hammersmith Central Hammersmith & City Forest Harold District Jubilee & City District Stratford Gate Ilford Goodmayes Romford Wood Shenfield Central Central Circle Hayes & Ealing Bond Maryland Manor Seven Chadwell Gidea Brentwood Taplow Slough Iver Harlington Hanwell Broadway Street Farringdon Whitechapel Park Kings Heath Park London City DLR Maidenhead Burnham Langley West Southall West Acton Paddington Tottenham Liverpool Custom Drayton Ealing Main Line Circle Court Road Street House Bakerloo Abbey Northern Circle Wood Heathrow District Central Metropolitan Isle of Woolwich Airport Hammersmith Chelsea Northern Dogs & City Hackney Central Hammersmith Jubilee Piccadilly & City DLR

Stansted

MaximumSeptember 2007 interchange with existing services

24 Crossrail

• Cost $32 Bn

Funding sources: • $10 Bn Central Government funds • $7 Bn Mayor’s London Levy • Further funds from City of London and Canary Wharf business district • Property tax along route

25 Trams

26

26 Trams

• High initial investment but long life • Fast reliable journeys • High capacity • Easy access / quick boarding • Quiet • Clean

27 Trams ...

Environmental benefits • Reduced traffic pollution + congestion • Electric (no direct CO2 emissions) • Recycles up to a third of own energy • Croydon tram: 4m less car trips p.a.

28 Trams....

Economic benefits

Croydon Tram effect: • 10% av. drop in unemployment since 2000 • $3 Bn extra investment in local economy

29 pic TGB

Designed to link deprived communities in the South to employment centres 30

30 Major Interchanges

Victoria Station area . 72 m passengers p.a. . Underground congestion . Bus access and congestion

31 Congestion - Poor interchange - Conflicting movement

32 33 Comprehensive solution for the wider area 34

34 35 Proposed D+C upgrade envelope D+C traction substation relocation to VSU box under Bressenden Place

Improved Underground

Access Western side of existing Victoria line ticket office rebuilt

36 New footbridge and unpaid link to LS retail basement

New Interchange area to Victoria line New fire exits

Platform widening

Possible link to Chelsea Hackney line development

New ticket hall and staircases Improved Underground Access

37 Improved public realm and walking environment

38 Transit

• • Greenwich Waterfront Transit

• Guided buses • Bus priority • High capacity

39

• Development of the Thames Gateway • Linking communities North and South of River Thames • Economic development • Access to jobs

40 !

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! Role of Land Use Planning

• Assessing the impact of development on public transport • Mitigating impact • Developer contributions • Improvement through design • Ensuring sustainability (car parking, cycling, walking, public realm)

42 Strategic developments

• Criteria for Mayoral referral: - Size - Height - Number of housing units - Use (e.g. schools, transport, hospitals, other categories)

43 Some recent applications

Text

44 What is sought from development

• Conformity to London Plan • Contributions for transport • Solutions through design

45 Masterplans

King’s Cross • 67 Acres • Total development 7.5 m sq ft • 2000 homes • 4.5 m sq ft office use • Retail, leisure, hotel, arts and culture etc. etc.

46 47 48 Sustainable travel Soft measures

• Cycling • Walking • Improving travel experience - Real time travel information - ticketing - Travel planners - Travel information via text messaging

49 Cycling

50 Developing safe cycle environments

51 Purposeful cycle lanes.... 52

52 Dealing with cycle parking - Amsterdam

53 Integration of cycling - Copenhagen

54 Walking

55 Walkable London

56 Better use of roads...

57 Copenhagen - Transformation of car dominated street

58 59 60 De-cluttering the public realm

Underground recycling bins

61 Suppressing cars Enhancing public realm

62 63 Copenhagen Main shopping street turned over to pedestrians

64 Smart cars

65

65 Clean buses

66 THANK YOU

67