Checklist of Helminth Parasites of Birds in Pakistan

Bushra et al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 67; June 2019

CHECKLIST OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF BIRDS IN PAKISTAN

Siyal Bushra1*, Aly Khan2, Sanjota Nirmal Das1 and Rafia Rehana Ghazi3 1Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan 2CDRI, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, University of Karachi campus, Karachi-75270, Pakistan 3Vertebrate Pest Control Laboratory, Southern Zone Agricultural Research Centre, Karachi University Campus, Karachi-75270 *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract: This article provides a list of helminths along with their hosts from Pakistan. The four major types of helminths are flukes (trematodes), round worms (nematodes) tapeworms (Cestodes) and thorny worms (acanthoephala). The majority of helminths infect the digestive tract but some may be recorded in other organs such as trachea, eye or brain. In the present checklist helminths along with their bird hosts is being provided.

Keywords: Checklist, Trematodes, Cestodes, Nematodes, Acanthocephala, Birds, Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION

Birds are most fascinating creatures and amongst one of the valuable gift of Almighty Allah. Studies on avian helminth parasites are important both from economic and zoonotic point of view. Comparatively less research has been conducted on parasites of birds in Pakistan. Information about avian helminth parasites in Pakistan is meager. Several species have been described and published in local and foreign journals. A comprehensive list is presented here of trematodes, nematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalan along with their hosts from different localities of Pakistan.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present information has been collected from published work in local and foreign journals. Classification for the species is presented based on original descriptions. The data was collected from University of Karachi, University of Sindh, Jamshoro and University of Punjab, Lahore. Only helminths and their hosts are being listed in this comprehensive checklist.

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TREMATODES

Family: Brachylaimidae (Joyeux et Foley, 1930) Miller, 1936 Subfamily: Brachylaiminae Miller, 1936 Genus: Glaphyrostomum Braun, 1901 Glaphyrostomum corvi Bhutta and Khan,1975 House crow (Corvus splendens)

Genus: Postharmostomum Witenberg, 1923 P. gallinum (Witenberg, 1923) Dharejo et al., 2008a Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix)

Family: Cyclocoelidae (Stossich, 1902) Kossack, 1911 Subfamily: Cyclocolinae Stossich, 1902 Genus: Cyclocoelum Brabdes, 1892 C. mutabile (Zeder, 1800) Ali, 2011 Black coot (Fulica atra)

Genus: Uvitellina Witenberg, 1923 U. teesae Dharejo et al., 2007a White-eyed buzzard (Butastur teesa) U. megacaecatum Bushra et al., 2016 Black winged stilt (H. himantopus)

Genus: Wardianum Witenberg, 1923 W. triangulare (Witenberg, 1923) Farooq and Qamar, 1996 Little stint (Calidris minuta)

Family: Clinostomidae Luhe, 1901 Subfamily: Clinostominea Pratt, 1902 Genus: Clinostomum Leidy, 1856 C. singhi (Jaiswal, 1957) Bilqees, 1981 Pond heron (Ardeola grayii)

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C. awadhi Abro et al., 2016 Little Cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger) C. complanatum Abro et al., 2016a Little Cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger)

Subfamily: Euclinostominae Yamaguti, 1958 Genus: Euclinostomum Travassos, 1928 E. heterostomum (Rud., 1809) Abro et al., 2016d Little cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger) E. minutus (Bhutta and Khan, 1975) Zaidi and Khan, 1975 Pond heron (Ardeola grayii) Grey heron (Ardea cinerea)

Family: Dicrocoeliidae (Looss, 1899) Odhner, 1910 Subfamily: Dicrocoeliinae Looss, 1899 Tribe: Brachylecithini Yamaguti, 1958 Genus: Brachylecithum Shtrom, 1940 B. chapmani (Singh, 1962) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Babbler B. accipiteri Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Shikra (Accipiter badius) B. heckmanni Das and Ghazi, 2012c Great egret (Egretta alba) B. jehangiri Soomro and Soomro, 2018 Pied myna (Gracupica contra) B. bilqeesae Khan et al., 2018a Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Tribe: Eurytrematini Yamaguti, 1958 Genus: Conspicuum (Bhalaerao, 1936) Shtrom, 1940 C. fulicatensis Das and Ghazi, 2012b Black-backed Robin (Saxicoloides fulicata) C. alykhani Das and Ghazi, 2014a Black-backed Robin (Saxicoloides fulicata)

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Genus: Lubens (Travassos, 1920) Shtrom, 1940 L. lubens (Braun, 1901) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) L. sindhensis Sanjota and Ghazi, 2010 Leaf warblers (Phylloscopus tytleri) L. roseusi Das and Ghazi, 2013 Rosy Pastor (Sternus roseus)

Family: Diplostomidae Poirrer, 1886 Subfamily: Diplostominae Poirrer, 1886 Tribe: Crassiphialini Dubois, 1936 Genus: Cercocotyla Yamaguti, 1939 C. macrorchus Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis)

Genus: Uvulifer Yamaguti, 1934 U. cerylou (Dollfus, 1950) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) Tribe: Diplostomini (Poirrer, 1886) Dubois, 1936 Genus: Lophosicyadiplostomum Dubois, 1936 L. rizwanae Channa et al., 2011 Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii)

Genus: Neodiplostomum Railliet 1919 N. paraspathula (Noble, 1936) Das et al., 2013 Black kite (Milvus migrans) N. spathoides (Dubois, 1937) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Black kite (Milvus migrans) N. bilqeesae Sanjota and Ghazi, 2010b Black kite (Milvus migrans) N. dharmai Sanjota and Ghazi, 2010a Black kite (Milvus migrans) N. karachiensis Sanjota and Ghazi, 2011b Black kite (Milvus migrans)

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Family: Echinostomatidae (Looss, 1902) Poche, 1926 Subfamily: Echinochasminae Odhner, 1910 Genus: Echinochasmus Dietz, 1909 E. bagulai (Verma, 1935) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Pond heron (Ardeola grayii) E. benghalensis Parveen, 1970 Roller (Coracias benghalensis) E. acciptiri Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Shikra (Accipiter badius) E. amphiboles Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) E. mohiuddini Dharejo et al., 2007 Paddy bird (Ardeola grayii) E. jamshorensis Channa et al., 2009 Pond heron (Ardeola grayii) E. passeri Dharejo et al., 2010a House Sparrow (P. domesticus) E. mazharuddini Ujjan et al., 2014 Bank myna (Acridotheres ginginianus) E. oderolalensis Khan et al., 2015 Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Genus: Episthmium Luhe, 1909 Episthmium egrettae Unar et al., 2008 Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) E. bilqeesae Bushra et al., 2016g Little egret (Egretta garzetta) E. jamshorensis Bushra et al., 2016f Little egret (Egretta garzetta) E. sindhensis Daset al., 2016 Little egret (Egretta garzetta) E. daleri Khan et al., 2018b Snipe (Gallinago stenura L.)

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Genus: Patagifer Dietz, 1909 P. bilobus (Dietz, 1909) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Common spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia)

Genus: Stephanoprora Odhner, 1909 S. larkanensis Saeed et al., 2018 Redwattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus)

Genus: Pseudechinostomum Shchupakov, 1936, nec Odhner, 1911 P. calidrii Farooq and Qamar, 1996 Little stint (Calidris minutus) P. mirpurium Bilqees and Jehan, 1971 Watercock (Gallicrex cinerea)

Subfamily: Echinostomatinae (Looss, 1899) Faust, 1929 Genus: Echinoparyphium Dietz, 1909 E. recurvatum (Linstow, 1873) Khan et al., 1983 Wild duck (Anas crecca) E. ellisi (Johnston and Angel, 1949) Khan et al., 1983 Anas crecca

Genus: Echinostoma Rudolphi, 1809 E. paraulum (Frolich, 1802) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Wild duck (Anas crecca) E. revolutum (Frolich, 1802) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) E. chloropodis philippinense (Tubangui, 1932) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) E. lahorensis Bhutta and Khan, 1974 Day old chicks E. atrae Birmani et al., 2008 Black coot (Fulica atra) E. sindhenses Dharejo et al., 2009 Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) E. valentini Sanjota and Ghazi, 2011 Indian cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscicollis)

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E. rafiae Bushra et al., 2014 Little egret (E. garzetta) E. garzetti Bushra et al., 2016e Little egret (Egretta garzetta) E. cribbi Khan et al., 2017c Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Genus: Nephrostomum Dietz, 1909 N. dubashi Kaikobad and Bilqees, 1972 Unknown bird host N. ramosum (Sons, 1895) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) N. oderolalensis Khan et al., 2011 Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Genus: Parallelotestis Belopolskaia, 1954 P. latifabadense (Dharejo et al., 2009a) Unaret al., 2013 Little egret (Egretta garzetta)

Genus: Parechinostomum Dietz, 1909 P. gallierii Bilqees, 1970 Water cock (Gallicrex cinerea)

Genus: Paryphostomum Dietz, 1909 P. sanghari Abro et al., 2016c Little Cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger)

Genus: Petasiger Dietz, 1909 P. exaeretus (Dietz, 1909) Abro et al., 2016b (Phalacrocorax niger)

Subfamily: Himasthlinae Odhner, 1910 Genus: Himasthla Dietz, 1909 H. fatimae Sanjota and Ghazi, 2011a Great egret (Egretta alba)

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Subfamily: Pegosominae Mendheim, 1940 Genus: Pegosomum Ratz, 1903 P. garzettae Unar et al., 2011 Little egret (Egretta garzetta) P. aftabi Birmani et al., 2016a Egretta garzetta

Subfamily: Pelmatostominae Yamaguti, 1958 Genus: Pelmatostomum Dietz, 1909 P. mujibi Sanjota and Ghazi, 2010c Great egret (Egretta alba)

Family: Eucotylidae Skrjabin, 1924 Subfamily: Eucotylinae (Skrjabin, 1924) Freitas,1951 Genus: Tamerlania Skrjabin, 1924 T. swabiensis Suleman et al., 2016 House crow (Corvus splendens)

Genus: Tanaisia Skrjabin, 1924 T. karachiensis Begum et al., 1997 House crow (Corvus splendens) Subgenus: Paratanaisia Freitas, 1959 P. ishaquei Burrioet al., 2016 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

Family: Eumegacetidae Travassos, 1922 Genus: Eumegacetes Looss, 1900 E. oedicnemusi Dharejo et al., 2008 Stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus)

Family: Heterophyidae (Leiper, 1909) Odhner, 1914 Subfamily: Galactosominae Ciurea, 1933 Genus: Knipowitschiatrema Issaitaschkow, 1927 K. pakistanensis Bushra et al., 2015 Little tern (Sternula albifrons) K. sternulai Bushra et al., 2016d Sternula albifrons

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Subfamily: Heterophyinae Leiper, 1909 Genus: Heterotestophyes Leiper, 1909 H. gibsoni Bushra et al., 2016b Sternula albifrons H. heckmanni Bushra et al., 2016a Sternula albifrons H. jonesae Bushra et al., 2016c Sternula albifrons

Family: Microphallidae (Ward, 1901) Travassos, 1920 Subfamily: Microphallinae Ward, 1901 Genus: Microphallus Ward, 1901 M. magnagulletum Birmani et al., 2015 Black coot (Fulica atra)

Family: Notocotylidae, Luhe, 1909 Subfamily: Notocotylinae (Luhe, 1909) Kossack, 1911 Genus: Catatropis Odhner, 1905 C. kashmirensis Khan and Chishti, 1987 Fowl C. sp. (Odhner, 1905) Birmani et al., 2011b Black coot (Fulica atra)

Genus: Notocotylus Diesing, 1839 N. punjnadensis Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Wild duck (Anas crecca) N. sindhensis Khan et al., 2017b Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

Genus: Paramonostomum Luhe, 1909 P. querquedulum (Lal, 1936) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Wild duck (Anas crecca) P. kuntzi Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) P. orientalis Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Kraig P. (P. ) macroveseculum Dharejo et al., 2006 Black coot (Fulica atra) P. bilqeesae Ghazi et al., 2013 Common teal (Anas crecca) P. bubaki Birmani et al., 2013a Black coot (Fulica atra) P. bagodaroi Birmani et al., 2016 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

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Family: Opisthorchidae (Looss, 1899) Braun, 1901 Subfamily: Metorchiinae, Luhe, 1908 Genus: Parametorchis Skrjabin, 1913 P. orci Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Marsh-Harrier (Circus aeruginosus)

Subfamily: Opisthorchiinae Looss, 1899 Genus: Nigerina sp. (Baugh, 1958) Dharejo et al., 2010 Little Cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger)

Genus: Opisthorchis Blanchard, 1895 O. cheelis (Lal, 1939) Bilqees, 1981 Black kite (Milvus migrans) O. geminu (Looss, 1899) Bilqees, 1981 Anas platyrhynchos O. jonesae (Bilqees and Khan, 2006) Suleman et al., 2016a Black kite (Milvus migrans)

Family: Orchipedidae (Skrjabin, 1913) Skrjabin, 1924 Genus: Orchipedum Braun, 1901 O. tracheicola (Braun, 1901) Bilqees, 1981 Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus)

Family: Prosthogonimidae (Luhe, 1909) Lalhille, 1922 Genus: Prosthogonimus Luhe, 1899 P. creci Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Wild duck (Anas crecca) P. jonesae Ghazi et al., 2006 House sparrow (Passer domesticus)

Family: Proterodiplostomidae Dubois, 1936 Subfamily: Crocodilicolinae n. sub. Genus: Paradiplostomum La Rue, 1926 P. spatulatum Dharejo et al., 2011 Little egret (Egretta garzetta)

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Family: Psilostomidae Looss, 1900 Subfamily: Psilostominae Looss, 1900 Genus: Pseudopsilostoma Yamguti, 1958 P. oderolalensis Khan et al., 2017a Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Genus: Psilochasmus Luhe, 1909 P. oxyurus (Crepl, 1825) Bhutta and Khan, 1975; Buriro et al., 2016 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

Subfamily: Stictodorinae (Poche, 1926) Yamaguti, 1958 Genus: Stictodora Looss, 1899 S. alykhani Das et al., 2014 Pond heron (Ardeola grayii)

Family: Strigeidae Railliet, 1919 Subfamily: Strigeinae Railliet, 1919 Tribe: Cotylurini Dubois, 1936 Genus: Apatemon Szidat, 1928 A.gibsoni Das and Ghazi, 2014 Indian cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscicollis)

Genus: Cotylurus Szidat, 1928 C. cornutus (Szidat, 1928), Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Eurasian marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) C. sindhensis Birmani et al., 2009 Black coot (Fulica atra) C. fuscicollisi Das and Ghazi, 2012 Indian cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscicollis)

Genus: Pseudostrigea Yamaguti, 1933 P. buteonis (Yamaguti, 1933) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Shikra (Accipiter badius)

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Genus: Schwartzitrema Perez Vigueras, 1941 S. bilqeesae Khan et al., 2009 Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Tribe: Strigeini (Railliet, 1919) Dubois, 1936 Genus: Apharyngostrigea Ciurea, 1927 A. megaovata Das and Ghazi, 2012a Great Egret (Egretta alba) B. oderolalensis Khan et al., 2018 Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Genus: Strigea Abildgaard, 1790 S. glandulosa (Dubois, 1937) Bhutta and Khan, 1975 Spizaetus cirrhatus (Nisaetus cirrhatus) S. qadri Das et al., 2016a Great Egret (Egretta alba) S. brayi Khan et al., 2017 Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Family: Schistosomatidae (Stiles et Hassal, 1898) Poche, 1907 Subfamily: Dendritobilharzinae Mehra, 1940 Genus: Dendritobilharzia Skrjabin et Zakharov, 1920 D. pulverulenta (Braun, 1901) Birmani et al., 2013 Black coot (Fulica atra)

CESTODES

Family: Anoplocephalidae Cholodkowsky, 1902 Subfamily: Anoplocephalinae Blanchard, 1891 Genus: Pulluterina Smitheres, 1954 P. columbae (Fuhrmann, 1902) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 Rock pigeon (Columba livia) P. karachiensis Ghazi et al., 2002 Columba livia

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Genus: Laiqia Khanum et al., 1982 L. splendens Khanum et al., 1982 House crow (Corvus splendens)

Family: Davaineidae Fuhrmann, 1907 Subfamily: Davaineinae Braun, 1900 Genus: Cotugnia Diamare, 1893 C. diognopora (Pasquale, 1890) Bilqees, 1985 Fowl C. margareta (Beddard, 1916) Bilqees, 1985 Fowl C. cuneata (Meggitt, 1924) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 Rock pigeon (Columba livia) C. fleari (Meggit, 1927) Bilqees, 1985 Columba livia C. meggitti (Yamaguti, 1935) Bilqees, 1980 Columba livia C. celebensis (Yamaguti, 1956) Bilqees, 1985 Columba livia C. streptopeli Khan and Habibullah, 1967 Eurasian collared-dove (Streptopelia decaocto) C. karachiensis Bilqees et al., 2003 Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri)

Genus: Davainia Blanchard, 1891 D. proglothina (Davaine, 1860) Hussain, 1967 Scavenger birds

Genus: Raillietina Fuhrmann, 1920 R. echinobothrida (Megnin, 1818) Hussain, 1967 Birds R. cesticillus (Molin, 1858) Hussain, 1967 Birds R. tetragona (Molin, 1858) Hussain, 1966; Bilqees and Khan, 1985 Domestic fowl R. galeritae (Skrjabin, 1914) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 House sparrow (Passer domesticus) R. torquata (Meggitt, 1924) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)

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R. nagpurensis (Moghe, 1925) Bilqees, 1980 (Columba livia) R. reynoldsi (Meggitt, 1926) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 House crow (Corvus splendens) R.(R.) flaccid (Meggitt, 1926) Bilqees and Jehan, 1977 House sparrow (Passer domesticus) Raillietina sp. (Meggitt, 1926) Sanjota et al., 2013 (Passer domesticus) R. corvi Begum, 1998 House crow (Corvus splendens)

Subgenus: Neoraillietina Ghazi and Bilqees, 2002 N. psittaculi Ghazi and Bilqees, 2002 Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri)

Family: Dilepididae Ralliet et Henry, 1909 Subfamily: Dilepidinae Fuhrmann, 1907 Genus: Echinorhynchotaenia Fuhrmann, 1907 Neoechinorhynchotaenia sindhensis Bilqees et al., 2004 Common myna (Acridotheres tristis)

Genus: Paricterotaenia Fuhrmann, 1932 P. magnicirrosa (Meggitt, 1926) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 Acridotheres tristis

Genus: TubanguiellaBilqees and Jehan, 1977 T. ardeola Bilqees and Jehan, 1977 Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus)

Subfamily: Dipylidiinae Stiles, 1896 Genus: Choanotaenia Railliet, 1896 C. galbulae (Gmelin, 1790) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 House crow (Corvus splendens)

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C. gondwana (Inamdar, 1934) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 House sparrow (Passer domesticus) C. infundibulum (Bloch, 1779) Khan and Habibullah 1967 Black kite (Milvus migrans)

Genus: Eugonodaeum Beddard, 1913 E. pycnonoti Khan and Habibullah, 1967 Red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus)

Genus: Capsulana Khanum et al., 1982 C. daleri Khanum et al., 1982 Indian sparrow (Passer domesticus indicus)

Genus: Reticulatea Khanum et al., 1982 R. johri Khanum et al.,1982 Common myna (Acridotheres tristis)

Genus: Panuwa Burt, 1940 P. lobivanelli (Burt, 1940) Ahmed, 1988 Red-wattled Lapwing (Lobivanellus indicus)

Subfamily: Paruterininae Ranson, 1909 Genus: Neyraia Joyeux et David, 1934 N. intricate (Krabbe, 1879) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 Common Hoopoe (Upupa epops)

Family: Hymenolepididae Railliet et henry, 1909 Subfamily: Hymenolepidinae Ranson, 1909 Genus: Diorchis Clerc, 1903 Diorchis sp. Ghazi and Khan, 2012 Common teal (Anas crecca)

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Subgenus: Neodiorchis Bilqees and Fatima, 1984 N. longicirrus Bilqees and Fatima, 1984 Anas crecca

Genus: Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 H. clausa (Johri, 1934) Khan and Habibullah, 1967 Columba livia H. jonesae Ghazi et al., 2016 Anas crecca H. lanceolata (Bloch, 1782) Khan et al., 1983 Anas crecca H. longirostris Bilqees and Rehana, 1977 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) H. medici (Stossich, 1890) Khan et al., 1983 Anas crecca H. megalorchis Khan et al., 1983 Anas crecca H. moghensis (Inamdar, 1934) Khan et al., 1983 Anas crecca H. mujibi Bilqees and Malik, 1974 (Anas platyrhynchos) H. uralensis (Clerc, 1902) Khan et al., 1983 Anas crecca

Genus: Jonesius n.g. J. columbae Bilqees et al., 2005 Rock pigeon (Columba livia) J. karachiensis Bilqees et al., 2005 Common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna)

Genus: Oligorchis Fuhrmann, 1906 O. lahorensis Khan and Habibullah, 1971 House crow (Corvus splendens) O. raviensis Khan and Habibullah, 1971 Indian mynah (Acridotheres ginginianus)

Genus: Skorikowia Linstow, 1905 S. clausa (Linstow, 1905) Bilqees, 1980 Rock pigeon (Columba livia)

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NEMATODES

Order: Rhabdiasidea n. ord. Family: Strongyloididae Chitwood et McInotsch, 1934 Genus: Strongyloides Grassi, 1879 S. avium (Cram, 1929) Birmani et al., 2012 Black coot (Fulica atra)

Order: Strongylidea Diesing, 1851 Family: Syngamidae Leiper, 1912 Genus: Syngamus Siebold, 1836 S. tracheae (Montago, 1811) Hussain, 1967 Birds

Order: Trichuridea n.ord. Family: Trichuridae Railliet, 1915 Subfamily: Capillariinae Railliet, 1915 Genus: Capillaria Zeder, 1800 C. columbae (Rudolphi, 1819) Sarwar, 1953 Rock pigeon (Columba livia)

Order: Oxyuridea Weinland, 1858 Family: Aspidoderidae Freitas, 1956 Subfamily: Spinaspidoderinae Freitas, 1956 Genus: Pseudaspidodera Baylis et Daubney, 1922 P. sindica Bilqees and Jehan, 1977 White-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus chinensis) P. galli Bilqees and Nighat, 1983 Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus)

Family: Heterakidae Railliet et Henry, 1914 Subfamily: Heterakinae Railliet et Henry, 1912 Genus: Heterakis Duj., 1845 H. gallinae (Gmelin, 1790) Pal and Ahmed, 1985 Chicken (Gallus domesticus)

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Family: Oxyuridae Cobbold, 1864 Subfamily: Cosmocercinae Railliet, 1916 Genus: Aplectana Railliet et Henry, 1916 A. columbae Mehrunnisa, 1991 Rock pigeon (Columba livia)

Family: Subuluridae Yorke et Maplestone, 1926 Subfamily: Subulurinae Travassos, 1914 Genus: Leipoanema Johnston et Mawson, 1942 Leipoanema sp. Bilqees and Jehan, 1977 Common quail (Coturnix coturnix)

Genus: Subulura Molin, 1860 S. galloperdici (Baylis and Daubney, 1922) Farooq, 1985 Helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) S. lamellate Akram, 1971 Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) S. minetti (Bhalerao, 1941) Bilqees and Khan, 1985 Domestic fowl

Order: Ascarididea n. ord. Family: Ascarididae Blanchard, 1849 Subfamily: Ascaridiinae Travassos, 1919 Genus: Ascaridia Duj., 1845 A. galli (Schrank, 1788) Pal and Ahmed, 1985 Domestic fowl A. qadrii Khanum, et al., 1976 Rock pigeon (Columba livia)

Family: Heterocheilidae Ralliet et Henry, 1915 Subfamily: Filocapsulariinae n. subf. Genus: Amplicaecum Baylis, 1920 Amplicaecum sp. Bilqees and Jehan, 1977 Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis)

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A. garzetti Khanum et al., 1980 Little egret (Egretta garzetta)

Genus: Contracaecum Railliet et Henry, 912 C. bubakii Akram, 1996 Little cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger) Contracaecum sp. Sanjota and Ghazi, 2009 Indian cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscicollis)

Order: Spiruridea Diesing, 1861 Family: Acuariidae Seurat, 1913 Genus: Acuaria Bremser, 1811 A. anthuris (Rudolphi, 1819) Sarwar, 1956 Rosy starling (Pastor roseus) A. brevispicula (Maplestone, 1932) Sarwar, 1956 Indian mynah (Acridotheres ginginianum) A. hamulosa (Diesing, 1851) Hassan, 1970 Domestic fowl A. spiralis (Molin, 1819) Hassan, 1970 Domestic fowl

Genus: Dispharynx Railliet, Henry et Sisoff, 1912 D. alata Akhtar, 1955 Tochus birostris (Ocyceros birostris) D. karachii Farooq and Aziz, 1992 Black kite (Milvus migrans) D. nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) Hussain, 1967 Scavenger birds D. nasuta Ahmed, 1987 House crow (Corvus splendens) and Red- wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus) Dispharynx sp. Bilqees and Jehan, 1977 Common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) D. spiralis (Molin, 1858) Sarwar, 1956 Eurasian magpie (Pica pica)

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D. jamshorensis Chandiao et al., 2015 House sparrow (Passer domesticus)

Genus: Desportesius Skrjabin et al., 1965 D. hyderabadense Unar et al., 2011a Little egret (Egretta garzetta)

Family: Ancyracanthidae Railliet, 1916 Subfamily: Schistorophinae Travassos, 1918 Genus: Stellocaronema Gilbert, 1930 S. buckleyi Sarwar, 1956 Lobivanellus indicus (Vanellus indicus)

Family: Physalopteridae Leiper, 1908 Subfamily: Physalopterinae Stoss, 1998 Genus: Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819 P. badiata Akram, 1972 Shikra (Accipiter badius) P. tadorna Bilqees and Jehan, 1977 Common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna)

Family: Spiruridae Oerley, 1885 Subfamily: Spirurinae, Railliet, 1915 Genus: Cyrnea Seurat, 1914 C. columbi Bushra et al., 2017 Domestic pigeon (Columba livia)

Genus: Hadjelia Seurat, 1916 H. truncata (Creplin, 1825) Sarwar, 1956 Eurasian magpie (Pica pica)

Family: TetrameridaeTravassos, 1914 Genus: Tetrameres Creplin, 1846 T. globosa (Von Linstow, 1879) Birmani et al., 2011 Black coot (Fulica atra)

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Family: Thelaziidae Railliet, 1916 Subfamily: Oxyspirurinae n. subf. Genus: Cheilospirura Dies., 1861 C. humilosa Hussain, 1967 Scavenger birds

Order: Filariidea n. ord. Family: Dipetalonematidae Wehr, 1935 Subfamily: Splendidofilariinae Chahbaud et Choquet, 1953 Genus: Chandlerella Yorke et Maplestone, 1926 C. bosei (Chandler, 1924) Farooq and Ahmad, 1977 House crow (Corvus splendens)

Family: Filariidae Claus, 1885 Subfamily: Diplotriaeninae Skrjabin, 1916 Genus: Diplotriaena Railliet et Henry, 1909 D. nochti (Hoeppli and Hsu, 1929) Sarwar, 1956 Indian Mynah (Acridotheres ginginianus) D. streptopelia (Railliet et Henry, 1909) Bilqees and Jehan, 1977 Laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) D. passeri Chandio et al., 2015 Little egret (Egretta garzetta)

ACANTHOCEPHALA

Order: Echinorhynchidea Southwell et Macfie, 1925 Family: Plagiorhynchidae Golvan, 1960 Subfamily: Plagiorhynchinae Meyer, 1931 Genus: Lueheia Travassos, 1919 Lueheia karachiensis Khan et al., 2005 Shikra (Accipiter badius cenehroides)

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Family: Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931 Subfamily: Polymorphinae Meyer, 1931 Genus: Polymorphus Luhe, 1911 P. nickoli Khan and Bilqees, 1998 House crow (Corvus splendens) P. sindhensis Khan et al., 2002 House crow (Corvus splendens) P. mohiuddini Rahman et al., 2008 Owl (Strix leptogrammica) P. fatimae Khan et al., 2008a Crow (Corvus splendens) P. fulicai Birmani et al., 2011a Black coot (Fulica atra)

Order: Gigantorhynchidea Southwell et Macfie, 1925 Family: Centrorhynchidae Van Cleave, 1916 Genus: Centrorhynchus Luhe, 1911 C. fasciatum (Westrumb, 1821) Bilqees and Khan, 2005 White-eyed buzzard (Butastur teesa) C. scanense (Lundstrom, 1942) Khan et al., 2014 Button Quail (Turnix sylvatica) C. migrans Zuberi and Farooqi, 1974 Black kite (Milvus migrans) C. nickoli Khan et al., 2001 Eurasian roller (Coracias garrulous) C. gibsoni Khan et al., 2002 House crow (Corvus splendens) C. amini Khan et al., 2010 Corvus splendens C. globirostris Amin et al., 2015 Pheasant crow (Centropus sinensis) C. fahmidae Soomro et al.,2016 Common myna (Acridotheres tristis)

Family: Gigantorhynchidae Hamann, 1932 Genus: Mediorhynchus Van Cleave, 1916

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M. fatmiaae Khan et al., 2004 White-eyed buzzard (Butastur teesa) M. nikoli Khan et al., 2004 Black kite (Milvus migrans)

Genus: Sphaerirostris Glovan, 1956 S. winderi Khan and Heckmann, 2015 House crow (Corvus splendens)

Family: Prosthorhynchidae Petrotschenko, 1956 Genus: Porrorchis Fukui, 1929 P. juveniles (Fukui, 1929) Khan et al., 2008 Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) P. jonesae Rahman et al., 2010 Common myna (Acridotheres tristis) P. bilqeesae Khan et al., 2011 House crow (Corvus splendens) P. sindhensis Rahman et al., 2011 Corvus splendens

Genus: Prosthorhynchus Joyeux et Baer, 1935 P. taiwanensis (Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966) Bilqees and Sultana, 1974 Corvus sp.

23 Bushra et al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 67; June 2019

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Abro, M.M., Dharejo, A.M., Khan, M.M., Birmani, N.A. and Naz, S. 2016b. Description of first record of Petasiger exaeretus Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in avian host from Pakistan. Punjab Univ. J. Zool., 31(2): 181-185.

Abro, M.M., Dharejo, M.A., Khan, M.M., Birmani, N.A. and Naz, S. 2016c. A new species of genus Paryphostomum Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Phalacrocorax niger of Pakistan. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 4(3): 246-249.

Abro, M.M., Khan, M.M. and Birmani, N.A. 2016d. Euclinostomum heterostomum (Rud., 1809) Travassos, 1928 (Trematodes: Clinostomidae: Euclinostominae): A New Record in Avian Host Little Cormorant (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) of Pakistan. J. Adv. Biol. Biotechnol., (8)1: 1-5.

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Bilqees, F.M. 2007. Important helminth parasites of Pakistan. Institute of Tusneef and translation, Fedral Urdu Univ, Arts, Science and Techinology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus Karachi. pp. 439.

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Bilqees, F.M. and Jehan, Q. 1971. Another new trematode Pseudechinostomum mirpurium from the bird Callicrex cinerea of West Pakistan. Agri. Pakistan, 22: 259-261.

Bilqees, F.M. and Khan A. 2006. A new trematode from the intestine of Kite, Milvus migrans migrans. Pakistan. J. Zool., 38: 75-76.

Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, A. 1985. Incidence of parasitic infection in fowls of Karachi. Pakistan J. Zool., 17: 306-308.

Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, A. 2005. Two new helminth parasite from Pakistan, with re-description of the Acanthocephala Centrorhyncus fasciatum (Westrumb, 1821). Pakistan J. Zool., 37: 257-263.

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Bilqees, F.M. and Malik, N. 1974. Hymenolepis mujibi sp.n. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Suncus murlnus. Norw. J. Zool., 22: 319-321.

Bilqees, F.M. and Nighat, Y. 1983. A new nematode Pseudaspidodera galli (Family: Aspidoderidae Freitas, 1956) in the bird Gallus gallus from Muree Hills. Pakistan J. Zool., 15: 101-103.

Bilqees, F.M. and Rehana, R. 1977. Hymenolepis longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Railliet, 1899 (Cestoda: Hymenolepidae Fuhrmann, 1907) from Anas platyrhynchos in Karachi. Pakistan J. Zool., 9: 107.

Bilqees, F.M. and Sultana, R. 1974. Parasites of Corvus sp. from Karachi University Campus. J. Sci. Univ. Kar., 3: 99-104.

Bilqees, F.M., Haseeb, M.F. and Ghazi, R.R. 2003. Cotugnia karachiensis n. sp. (Cestoda: Cylophyllidea: Davainidae) from the bird Psittacula krameri in Karachi. Proc. Parasitol., 37: 45-49.

Bilqees, F.M., Khatoon, N. and Haseeb, M.F. 2004. Neoechinorhynchotaenia sindhensis, n. gen. n. sp. from the bird Acridotheres tristis of Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool., 36: 207-209.

Bilqees, F.M., Khatoon, N. and Haseeb, M.F. 2005. Two new avian cestodes of the genus Jonesius Yamaguti, 1959 (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) in Karachi. Int. J. Bio. Biotech., 2: 517- 519.

Birmani, N.A., Dharejo, A.M. and Khan, M.M. 2008. Echinostoma atrae, new species (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Black Coot Fulica atra (Aves: Rallidae) of Manchar Lake, Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan. J. Zool., 40: 379-383.

Birmani, N.A., Dharejo, A.M. and Shaikh, A.M. 2013. New record of Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) from Pakistan. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 23(4): 1215-1218.

Birmani, N.A., Buriro, S.A., Shaikh, A.M. and Dharejo, A.M. 2016. A new Notocotylid trematode Paramonostomum bagodaroi n.sp. (Trematode: Notocotylidae) in Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci., (3)5: 130-135.

Birmani, N.A., Dharejo, A.M. and Khan, M.M. 2011. First record of the genus Tetrameres Creplin, 1846 (Nematoda: Tetrameridae) in Pakistan. Pak. J. Nematol., 29(2): 213-218.

Birmani, N.A., Dharejo, A.M. and Khan, M.M. 2009. Cotylurus sindhensis new species (Digenea: Strigeidae) in Black coot Fulica atra (Rallidae) of Manchar lake, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 48: 133-138.

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Birmani, N.A., Dharejo, A.M. and Khan, M.M. 2011a. A new species of Polymorohus Luhe, 1911 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) in Black coot, Fulica atra (Aves: Rallidae) Pakistan. Zootaxa, 2929: 64-68.

Birmani, N.A., Dharejo, A.M. and Khan, M.M. 2011b. Catatropis sp.(Trematoda: Notocotylidae) from the Black coot, Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 (Gruiformes: Rallidae) in Sindh, Province of Pakistan. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 21(4): 872-873.

Birmani, N.A., Dharejo, A.M., Khan, M.M. and Shaikh, A.M. 2012. First record of genus Strongyloides Grassi, 1879 (Nematoda: Strongyloidae) in Pakistan. Sindh Univ. Res. J. Zool., 44(2): 143-144.

Birmani, N.A., Dharejo, A.M., Khan, M.M., Shaikh, A.M. and Shah, M.A. 2015. Microphallus magnagulletum n. sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Black Coot, Fulica atra (Gruiformes: Rallidae) in Sindh province of Pakistan. Sindh Univ. Res. J., 47(3): 451-454.

Birmani, N.A., Dharejo, A.M., Naz, S., Khan, M.M. and Shaikh, A.M. 2013a. Paramonostomum bubaki n. sp. (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from the Black Coot, Fulica atra (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in South Central Pakistan. Hindawi Publ. Corp. ISRN Zool., 1-5.

Birmani, N.A., Memon, K.N., Bhatti, S.A. and Dharejo, A.M. 2016a. Description of a new species Pegosomum aftabi n.sp. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Little egret Egretta garzetta of Larkano, Sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. Curr. Res., 8(5): 31082-31086.

Burrio, S.A., Birmani, N.A., Shaikh, A.M. and Dharejo, A.M. 2016. Two digenetic trematodes with description of a new species from Anas platyrhynchos (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Sindh, Pakistan. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 4(5): 734-737.

Bushra, S., Das, S.N. and Ghazi, R.R. 2016. Uvitellina megacaecatum sp.n. (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) from the intestine of Himantopus himantopus (Black winged stilt) in Nausharo Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan. J. Ent. Zool. Stu., 4(6): 327-330.

Bushra, S., Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan, A. 2015. Knipowitschiatrema pakistanensis sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) with a new host record Sternula albifrons (Little tern) in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. Biol. Biotech., 12(4): 571-573.

Bushra, S., Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan, A. 2016a. Heterotestophyes heckmanni sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the bird Sternula albifrons (Little tern) in Sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. Zool. Invst., 2(2): 193-196.

Bushra, S., Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan, A. 2016b. Heterotestophyes gibsoni sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the bird little tern (Sternula albifrons) in Sindh, Pakistan. Punjab Univ. J. Zool., 31(2): 255-259.

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Bushra, S., Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan, A. 2016c. Heterotestophyes jonesae sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the Bird Sternula albifrons (Little Tern) in Sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. Fauna and Biol. Stu., 3(6): 15-18.

Bushra, S., Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan, A. 2016d. Knipowitschiatrema sternulai sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Sternula albifrons (Little tern) (Aves: Laridae) of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Flora and Fauna, 22(1): 69-75.

Bushra, S., Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan. A. 2016e. Echinostoma garzetti sp.n. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Egretta garzetta (Little egret) in Sindh, Pakistan. Fuuast. J. Biol., 6(2): 211-215.

Bushra, S., Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan. A. 2016f. Episthmium jamshorensis sp.n., (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from the bird Egretta garzetta (Little egret) in Sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. Biol. Biotech., 13(2): 261-265.

Bushra, S., Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan. A. 2016g. Episthmium bilqeesae sp.n. (Echinostomitdae: Echinostominae) from a bird host, Egretta garzetta (Little egret) in Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Fuuast J. Biol., 6(1): 97-101.

Bushra, S., Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R., Khan, A. 2017. Cyrnea columbi sp.n. (nematoda: spiruroidea) first and new report of the genus from an avian host Columba livia (Domestic pigeon) in sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Parasitol., 63(2): 17-31.

Bushra, S., Sanjota, N.D., Abbasi, M.A.A. and Khan, A. 2014. Echinostoma rafiae sp.n. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Little egret (Egretta garzetta) in Sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. Biol. Biotech., 11(4): 491-95.

Chandio, I., Dharejo, A.M., Khan, M.M. and Naz, S. 2016. A New Acuariid Nematode Synhimantus (Dispharynx) jamshorensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Acuariidae) in Passer domesticus (Passeriformes: Passeridae) in Sindh, Pakistan. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 4(5): 841-845.

Chandio, I., Dharejo, A.M., Naz, S. and Khan, M.M. 2015. New species of Genus Diplotriaena Railliet and Henry, 1909 (Filariidae: Nematoda) from Passer domesticus Linnaeus and P. pyrhonotus Blyth (Passeridae: Passeriformes) in Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.Turkiye Parazitol Derg., 39: 265-269.

Channa, M.A., Khan, M.M., Dharejo, A.M. and Shaikh, A.A. 2009. Echinochasmus jamshorensis new species (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from Pond Heron Ardeola grayii (Aves: Ardeidae) of Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 48: 151-158.

Channa, M.A., Khan, M.M., Shaikh, A.A. and Unar, M.S. 2011. Lophosicyadiplostomum rizwanae, new species (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) from Pond Heron Ardeola grayii (Aves: Ardeidae) of Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 51: 159-163.

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Das S.N. and Ghazi, R.R. 2012. Cotylurus fuscicollisi sp.n. (Trematoda: Strigeidae, Railliet, 1919) from Phalacrocorax fuscicollis (Stephens) in Thatta, District, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 53: 37-42.

Das, S.N. and Ghazi, R.R. 2012a. Apharyngostrigea megaovata sp.n. (Trematoda: Strigeidae, Railliet, 1919) from a new host Egretta alba (Linneaus) in Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 53: 61-66.

Das, S.N. and Ghazi, R.R. 2012b. A new record of Conspicuum fulicatensis sp.n. (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) from Saxicoloides fulicata in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Flora and Fauna, 18: 226-229.

Das, S.N. and Ghazi, R.R. 2012c. Brachylecithum heckmanni sp.n. (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) from a new host Egretta alba in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Flora and Fauna, 18: 285-289.

Das, S.N. and Ghazi, R.R. 2013. Lubens roseusi sp.n. (Trematode: Dicrocoeliidae) from Sternus roseus (Rosy pastor) in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Flora and Fauna, (19): 101-104.

Das, S.N. and Ghazi, R.R. 2014. Apatemon gibsoni sp. n. (Trematoda: Strigeidae) from a new host Phalacrocorax fuscicollis in Sindh, Pakistan. Flora and Fauna, 20(2): 285-290.

Das, S.N. and Ghazi, R.R. 2014a. Conspicuum alykhani sp.n. (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) from the Saxicoloides fulicata in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Fuuast J. Biol., (4)1: 93-96.

Das, S.N., Bushra, S., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan. A. 2016. Episthmium sindhensis sp.n. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from the bird Egretta garzetta (Little egret) in sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. Bio. Biotech., 13(4): 605-610.

Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Bushra, G. 2014. Stictodora (Stictodora) alykhani sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the bird Ardeola grayii in Jamshoro Sindh, Pakistan. Flora and Fauna, 20(1): 151-155.

Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan, A. 2013. New host record of Neodiplostomum paraspathula Noble, 1936 (Digenea: Diplostomoidea, Poirier, 1886) from the Black Kite Milvus migrans in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 55: 105-109.

Das, S.N., Ghazi, R.R. and Khan, A. 2016a. Strigea qadri (Trematoda: Strigeidae) from a new host Egretta alba (Linneaus) in Sindh, Pakistan. Fuuast J. Biol., 6(1): 93-95.

Dharejo, A.M., Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, M.M. 2006. Paramonostomum (Paramonostomum) macroveseculum, new species (Trematoda: Notocotylidae) from Black coot Fulica atria (Aves: Rallidae) of Hyderabad. Sindh., Pakistan. Pakistan. J. Zool., 38: 313-316.

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Dharejo, A.M., Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, M.M. 2007. Echinochasmus mohiuddini new species (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from paddy bird Ardeola grayii (Ardeidae) of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan. J. Zool., 39: 285-288.

Dharejo, A.M., Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, M.M. 2007a. Uvitellina teesae new species (Digenea: Cyclocoelidae) from liver of White-eyed buzzard Butastur teesa (Accipitridae) in Hala, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan. J. Zool., 39: 385-387.

Dharejo, A.M., Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, M.M. 2008. Eumegacetes oedicnemusi new species (Digenea: Eumegacetidae) from intestine of Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus (Burhinidae) in TandoAllahyar, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 45: 21-25.

Dharejo, A.M., Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, M.M. 2008a. Postharmostomum gallinum Witenberg, 1923 (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) from intestine of Common Quail Coturnix coturnix (Phasianidae) in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 45: 33-36.

Dharejo, A.M., Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, M.M. 2009. Echinostoma sindhenses new species (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis (Ardeidae) of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 48: 73-80.

Dharejo, A.M., Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, M.M. 2009a. Parallelotestis latifabadense new species (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Little Egret Egretta garzetta (Ardeidae) of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 48: 127-131.

Dharejo, A.M., Birmani, M.A. and Khan, M.M. 2010. First record of genus Nigerina Baugh, 1958 (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidea) from Pakistan in Avian Host Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger. Proc. Parasitol., 50: 147-151.

Dharejo, A.M., Birmani, M.A., Khan, M.M. and Bilqees, F.M. 2010a. Echinochasmus passeri n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from gall bladder of House Sparrow, Passer domesticus (Aves: Passeridae) of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 50: 139-145.

Dharejo, M., Bilqees, F.M. and Khan, M.M. 2011. Paradiplostomum spatulatum n.sp. (Trematoda: Proterodiplostomidae) from the bird Little egret Egretta garzetta (Aves: Ardeidae) in Sindh, province, Pakistan. Proc. Parasitol., 51: 47-51.

Farooq, M. 1985. A new record of Subulura galloperdici Baylis (1922) from the rectum of Numida meleagris of Muree Hills, Pakistan. Proc. Pakistan Congr. Zool., 5: 229-230.

Farooq, M. and Ahmad. 1977. Cited in Important helminth parasites of Pakistan Bilqees, 2007.

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(Received in November 2018 and accepted for publication in March 2019)