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Diagnóstico Morfológico Y Molecular De Cyclocoelum Mutabile Doi: Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM

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Diagnóstico Morfológico Y Molecular De Cyclocoelum Mutabile Doi: Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Revista peruana de biología 25(3): 315 - 320 (2018) ISSN-L 1561-0837 Diagnóstico morfológico y molecular de CYCLOCOELUM MUTABILE doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v25i3.15214 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM NOTA CIENTÍFICA Diagnóstico morfológico y molecular de Cyclocoelum mutabile (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) en el Perú Morphological and molecular diagnosis of Cyclocoelum mutabile (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) in Peru Luis A. Gomez-Puerta 1*, Martha Y. Salas 1, Maria T. Lopez-Urbina 2, Armando E. Gonzalez 1 1 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Laboratorio de Epidemiología y Economía Veterinaria. Av. Circunvalación 2800, San Borja. Lima, Perú. 2 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología. Av. Circunvalación 2800, San Borja. Lima, Perú. *Autor para correspondencia: E-mail: Luis A. Gomez-Puerta: [email protected]; [email protected] ORCID Luis A. Gomez-Puerta: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7909-979X E-mail: Martha Y. Salas: [email protected] ORCID Martha Y. Salas: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8953-8880 E-mail: Maria T. Lopez-Urbina: [email protected] E-mail: Armando E. Gonzalez: [email protected] ORCID Armando E. Gonzalez: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-1873 Resumen Cyclocoelum mutabile, un digeneo de la familia Cyclocoelidae, fue hallado parasitando los sacos aéreos de una polla de agua común (Gallinula chloropus), proveniente de alrededores del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Pan- tanos de villa, localizada en el distrito de Chorrillos en Lima, Perú. Un total de 7 parásitos fueron colectados e identificados por métodos morfológicos como C. mutabile. El diagnóstico fue confirmado por análisis molecu- lar, amplificando los genes mitocondriales citocromo c oxidasa subunidad 1 (cox1) y deshidrogenasa NADH subunidad 1 (nad1). Las secuencias de nucleótidos de los aislados se compararon con secuencias previas de GenBank, y mostraron una similitud entre ellas (> 96%). Este hallazgo constituye el primer registro de C. mutabile para el Perú. Además, el trabajo realiza una breve descripción del parásito, así como la discusión de sus hospederos y distribución geográfica en Sudamérica. Palabras clave: Trematoda; Cyclocoelidae; Cyclocoelum mutabile; Gruiformes; Gallinula chloropus. Abstract Cyclocoelum mutabile, a digenea of the family Cyclocoelidae, was found parasitizing the air sacs of a common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), from the surroundings of the Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge, located in Chor- rillos, a district of Lima, Peru. A total of 7 parasites were collected and identified asC. mutabile by morphological methods. Diagnosis was confirmed by molecular analysis and partially amplified mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1). Nucleotide sequences from the isolates were compared with previous sequences from GenBank, and they showed a high similarity between them (> 96%). This finding constitutes the first record of C. mutabile in Peru. Also, this work makes a brief description of the parasite, as well as the discussion of its hosts and geographic distribution in South America. Keywords: Trematoda; Cyclocoelidae; Cyclocoelum mutabile; Gruiformes; Gallinula chloropus. Citación: Información sobre los autores: Gomez-Puerta L.A., M.Y. Salas, M.T. Lopez-Urbina, A.E. Gonzalez. LAGP y MYS: realizaron los muestreos; LAGP, MTLU y AEG: analizaron 2018. Diagnóstico morfológico y molecular de Cyclocoelum mutabile los datos; LAGP, MYS, MTLU y AEG redactaron, revisaron y aprobaron (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) en el Perú. Revista peruana de biología 25(3): el manuscrito. 315 - 320 (Agosto 2018). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v25i3.15214 Los autores no incurren en conflicto de intereses. Presentado: 22/03/2018 Aceptado: 02/08/2018 Publicado online: 25/09/2018 Journal home page: http://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/index © Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Peruana de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citadas. Para uso comercial, por favor póngase en contacto con [email protected]. Rev. peru. biol. 25(3): 315 - 320 (August 2018) 315 Gomez-Puerta et al. Introducción (cox1) y NADH deshidrogenasa subunidad 1 (nad1). El ADN Los digeneos de la familia Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902 se extrajo de tres digeneos usando el kit comercial “DNeasy están conformados por 22 géneros y 128 especies que parasitan Blood & Tissue Kits” (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) siguiendo principalmente el sistema respiratorio y cavidad abdominal de las instrucciones del fabricante. Se utilizó la reacción en cadena aves que se alimentan de moluscos (Dronen & Blend 2015). de la polimerasa (PCR) usando los protocolos y cebadores Los miracidios de estos digeneos muestran un bajo nivel de descritos por Bowles y McManus (1994) y Kostadinova et al. especificidad para el hospedero y logran infectar varias familias (2003), respectivamente. Los productos de PCR se secuen- de caracoles, los cuales actúan como hospederos intermediarios ciaron en un secuenciador automatizado ABI 3100 (Applied (Taft 1972, Scott et al. 1982). El desarrollo en los caracoles se Biosystems). Las secuencias se ensamblaron utilizando el limita a una sola generación de cercarias, las cuales se enquistan programa ChromasPro Versión, 1.7.6, y se compararon con como metacercarias dentro del mismo caracol (Taft 1974). secuencias de referencias obtenida del GenBank mediante el BLASTn (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) y fueron alineadas Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder, 1800), miembro de esta familia, utilizando el programa BioEdit versión 7.2.5. El Programa es un parásito cosmopolita que infecta los sacos de aire de aves MEGA7 (http://www.megasoftware.net/) fue utilizado para migratorias, principalmente aves gruiforme de la familia Rallidae generar un árbol filogenético a través del método "neighbor- (McLaughlin 1976, McKindsey et al. 1994). Se ha demostrado joining " con la distancia de 2-parámetros de Kimura (Ta- que las aves infectadas con este digeneo llegan en temporada de mura et al. 2004). Las secuencias obtenidas en este estudio primavera al hemisferio norte (McLaughlin 1986). fueron registradas en el GenBank con acceso No MH091805 En el continente americano, C. mutabile parasita con fre- - MH091810. La nomenclatura taxonómica para el digeneo cuencia al ave gruiforme “gallareta americana” (Fulica americana sigue a Dronen y Blend (2015). La nomenclatura taxonómica Gmelin, 1789), y ha sido registrada en diversas localidades de del hospedero sigue a Schulenberg et al. (2010). Canadá y Estados Unidos (McLaughlin 1976). Así mismo, C. Resultados mutabile ha sido registrado en el ave gruiforme “polla de agua Según las características morfológicas de los digeneos estu- común” (Gallinula chloropus galeata (Lichtenstein, 1818)) en diados, así como el diagnóstico molecular de los genes mitocon- Argentina, Brasil y Estados Unidos (Lumsden & Zischke 1963, driales nad1 y cox1 parcialmente amplificados, se sugiere que Fernandes 1976, Lunaschi et al. 2007), en el ave Charadriiforme los digeneos corresponden al género Cyclocoelum Brandes, 1892 “jacana centroamericana” (Jacana spinosa gymnostoma (Wagler, y la especie a C. mutabile . 1831)) de México (Lamothe-Argumedo & Orozco-Flores 2000), en la “gallareta ligas rojas” (Fulica armillata Vieillot, 1817) y en Clase: Trematoda el “rascón moteado” (Pardirallus maculatus (Boddaert, 1783)) Subclase: Digenea en Argentina (Lunaschi et al. 2007). En la presente nota, se Orden: Echinostomida utiliza el diagnóstico morfológico y molecular para demostrar Familia: Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902 la presencia de C. mutabile en el Perú, parasitando a la polla de Subfamilia: Cyclocoelinae Stossich, 1902 Género: Cyclocoelum Brandes, 1892 agua común (G. chloropus). Material y métodos Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder, 1800) En setiembre del 2017, una polla de agua común (G. chloropus) fue hallada muerta en alrededores del Refugio de Descripción basada en 4 especímenes adultos y enteros. Vida Silvestre Pantanos de villa, localizada en el distrito de Digeneos de cuerpo alargado con extremidades redondeadas. Chorrillos en Lima, Perú. El ave fue remitida a la Facultad Tiene un largo de 10.2 – 13.2 (12.2; ES = 2.71) mm y un ancho de Medicina Veterinaria (FMV) de la Universidad Nacional máximo de 3.8 – 4.8 (4.5; ES = 0.91) mm a nivel del tercio Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM). Durante la necropsia del posterior del cuerpo (Figura 1a). Ventosa oral muy rudimentaria ave se colectó un total de 7 digeneos, los cuales estaban locali- en posición terminal, tiene un largo de 580 – 642 (614; ES = zados en los sacos aéreos del ave. Los digeneos fueron fijados y 13) µm y un ancho de 601 – 822 (723; ES = 49) µm. Ventosa preservados en etanol al 70% en viales debidamente rotulados. ventral o acetábulo ausente. Presenta faringe desarrollada de Los digeneos se depositaron en la colección parasitológica del 710 – 771 (741; ES = 15) µm de largo y 724 – 805 (759; ES = Laboratorio de Epidemiología y Economía Veterinaria de la 20) µm de ancho (Figura 1b). Esófago corto y ciegos simples que FMV-UNMSM, con numero de depósito
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