DOCSLIB.ORG

INDO-PACIFIC the Development of Pakistan's JF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INDO-PACIFIC The Development of Pakistan’s JF-17 Fighter OE Watch Commentary: While the majority of attention from media in India and Pakistan over the past several weeks reported on the recent clash “The development and production of JF-17 between the two countries, particularly the Indian Air Force’s strike on Block 3 are underway aimed at enhancing its Balakot on 26 February and the downing of an Indian aircraft by Pakistan a day later, the accompanying excerpted articles report on a recent missile test informatised warfare capability and weapons, by Pakistan’s Air Force and the continuing development of the JF-17 fighter Chief Designer of the China-Pakistan co- and they provide some insight into the status of the air forces of both countries outside of the recent clash. developed fighter jet, Yang Wei said.” The article from The News International, an English-language newspaper in Pakistan, reports on the missile test and how it was “developed, integrated and qualified solely through indigenous efforts of Pakistani scientists and engineers.” The article also discusses how work on the latest variant of the JF-17, the “Block 3” (Pakistan’s current inventory of JF-17s are the Block 1 and 2 variants) is “underway” and that a Chinese source is claiming it will include a “whole combat system” that will allow it to better communicate with other platforms. The article from Zee News, an English-language news website in India, also reports on the ongoing development of the JF-17 and while it was published before the recent clash, it notes how “the Pakistani Air Force is in the process of adding 62 JF-17 jets before India gets the 36 Rafale jets.” The article reports on the potential timeline for additional JF-17 Block 2, “by 2019,” and JF-17 Block 3, “by 2020,” and that the Indian government “will only be getting 36 Rafale jets by 2020.” It is worth remembering that while the Rafale controversy in India has resulted in a significant delay in the government’s efforts to acquire a multirole fighter, the deal signed with France will result in the delivery of 36 fighters. Ultimately, the government of Pakistan appears to be making more strides than India in the development of its inventory of fighters and with support from China, this could likely continue. End OE Watch Commentary (Stein) Source: Mariana Baabar and Muhammad Anis, “New lethal Source: Manish Shukla, “Pakistan eyes 62 JF-17 jets from China as Rafale missile tested,” The News International, 13 March 2019. dogfight continues in India,”Zee News, 7 January 2019. https://zeenews. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/443168-new-lethal-missile- india.com/world/pakistan-eyes-62-jf-17-jets-from-china-as-rafale-dogfight- tested continues-in-india-2168320.html The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) and scientists achieved another While the opposition is targeting the NDA government on the Rafal fighter milestone on Wednesday with successful test-firing of an plane deal, neighbouring Pakistan is engaged in taking full advantage of indigenously-built extended range smart weapon from JF-17 the opportunity. The Pakistani government has approached China to make multi-role fighter aircraft. the JF-17 (Block 3) Jet fighter plane available for the Pakistani Air Force The successful trial has provided JF-17 Thunder with a (PAF) as soon as possible. very potent and assured day and night capability to engage a According to the Indian Air Force (IAF) intelligence report accessed by variety of targets with pinpoint accuracy, the PAF announced… Zee News, the Pakistani Air Force is in the process of adding 62 JF-17 jets the weapon has been developed, integrated and qualified before India gets the 36 Rafale jets…The Pakistani government is keen to solely through indigenous efforts of Pakistani scientists and induct most advanced version of JF-17 series -- the new JF-17 Block-3 -- to engineers… make its air force match its Indian counterpart. The development and production of JF-17 Block 3 are According to the report, Pakistan has asked Chengdu Aircraft underway aimed at enhancing its informatised warfare Corporation of China to deliver 13 JF-17 (Block 2) to Pakistani Air Force capability and weapons, Chief Designer of the China-Pakistan by July 2019. They have also asked the Chinese firm to deliver the more co-developed fighter jet, Yang Wei said. advanced two seater- JF-17 Block-2 jets by 2020… …Wei Dongxu, a Beijing-based military analyst told Global According to intelligence reports, Pakistan and China are also jointly Times that the JF-17 Block 3 is likely to be fitted with an active developing JF-17 (Block-3) jets which is a fourth generation fighter jet. electronically scanned array radar, which can gather more Pakistani Air Force is expecting the new variants of JF-17 (Block-3) to be information in combat, enabling the fighter jet to engage from a delivered from 2020 which will be more powerful than the already existing farther range and attack multiple targets at the same time… JF-17 series… Pakistan, the main user of the JF-17, could further share While the Indian Air Force requires a total of 126 new Medium Multi Role information between the fighter and other platforms taking Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) plane, it will only be getting 36 Rafale jets advantage of the whole combat system to effectively defend by 2020. With Pakistan upping its efforts in getting the 62 new jets for its against strong opponents…JF-17, or the FC-1, is a single- air force, the Indian Air Force seems to be looking at a tough challenge engine multi-role light fighter jet jointly developed by China ahead… and Pakistan for export. OE Watch | April 2019 30.
Recommended publications
  • Aircraft Collection

    Aircraft Collection

    A, AIR & SPA ID SE CE MU REP SEU INT M AIRCRAFT COLLECTION From the Avenger torpedo bomber, a stalwart from Intrepid’s World War II service, to the A-12, the spy plane from the Cold War, this collection reflects some of the GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS IN MILITARY AVIATION. Photo: Liam Marshall TABLE OF CONTENTS Bombers / Attack Fighters Multirole Helicopters Reconnaissance / Surveillance Trainers OV-101 Enterprise Concorde Aircraft Restoration Hangar Photo: Liam Marshall BOMBERS/ATTACK The basic mission of the aircraft carrier is to project the U.S. Navy’s military strength far beyond our shores. These warships are primarily deployed to deter aggression and protect American strategic interests. Should deterrence fail, the carrier’s bombers and attack aircraft engage in vital operations to support other forces. The collection includes the 1940-designed Grumman TBM Avenger of World War II. Also on display is the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, a true workhorse of the 1950s and ‘60s, as well as the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk and Grumman A-6 Intruder, stalwarts of the Vietnam War. Photo: Collection of the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum GRUMMAN / EASTERNGRUMMAN AIRCRAFT AVENGER TBM-3E GRUMMAN/EASTERN AIRCRAFT TBM-3E AVENGER TORPEDO BOMBER First flown in 1941 and introduced operationally in June 1942, the Avenger became the U.S. Navy’s standard torpedo bomber throughout World War II, with more than 9,836 constructed. Originally built as the TBF by Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, they were affectionately nicknamed “Turkeys” for their somewhat ungainly appearance. Bomber Torpedo In 1943 Grumman was tasked to build the F6F Hellcat fighter for the Navy.
  • Taiwan's Indigenous Defense Industry: Centralized Control of Abundant

    Taiwan's Indigenous Defense Industry: Centralized Control of Abundant

    Taiwan’s Indigenous Defense Industry: Centralized Control of Abundant Suppliers David An, Matt Schrader, Ned Collins-Chase May 2018 About the Global Taiwan Institute GTI is a 501(c)(3) non-profit policy incubator dedicated to insightful, cutting-edge, and inclusive research on policy issues regarding Taiwan and the world. Our mission is to enhance the relationship between Taiwan and other countries, especially the United States, through policy research and programs that promote better public understanding about Taiwan and its people. www.globaltaiwan.org About the Authors David An is a senior research fellow at the Global Taiwan Institute. David was a political-military affairs officer covering the East Asia region at the U.S. State Department from 2009 to 2014. Mr. An received a State Department Superior Honor Award for initiating this series of political-military visits from senior Taiwan officials, and also for taking the lead on congressional notification of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan. He received his M.A. from UCSD Graduate School of Global Policy and Strategy and his B.A. from UC Berkeley. Matt Schrader is the Editor-in-Chief of the China Brief at the Jamestown Foundation, MA candidate at Georgetown University, and previously an intern at GTI. Mr. Schrader has over six years of professional work experience in China. He received his BA from the George Washington University. Ned Collins-Chase is an MA candidate at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, and previously an intern at GTI. He has worked in China, been a Peace Corps volunteer in Mo- zambique, and was also an intern at the US State Department.
  • F—18 Navy Air Combat Fighter

    F—18 Navy Air Combat Fighter

    74 /2 >Af ^y - Senate H e a r tn ^ f^ n 12]$ Before the Committee on Appro priations (,() \ ER WIIA Storage ime nts F EB 1 2 « T H e -,M<rUN‘U«sni KAN S A S S F—18 Na vy Air Com bat Fighter Fiscal Year 1976 th CONGRESS, FIRS T SES SION H .R . 986 1 SPECIAL HEARING F - 1 8 NA VY AIR CO MBA T FIG H TER HEARING BEFORE A SUBC OMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE NIN ETY-FOURTH CONGRESS FIR ST SE SS IO N ON H .R . 9 8 6 1 AN ACT MAKIN G APP ROPR IA TIO NS FO R THE DEP ARTM EN T OF D EFEN SE FO R T H E FI SC AL YEA R EN DI NG JU N E 30, 1976, AND TH E PE RIO D BE GIN NIN G JU LY 1, 1976, AN D EN DI NG SEPT EM BER 30, 1976, AND FO R OTH ER PU RP OSE S P ri nte d fo r th e use of th e Com mittee on App ro pr ia tio ns SPECIAL HEARING U.S. GOVERNM ENT PRINT ING OFF ICE 60-913 O WASHINGTON : 1976 SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS JOHN L. MCCLELLAN, Ark ans as, Chairman JOH N C. ST ENN IS, Mississippi MILTON R. YOUNG, No rth D ako ta JOH N O. P ASTORE, Rhode Island ROMAN L. HRUSKA, N ebraska WARREN G. MAGNUSON, Washin gton CLIFFORD I’. CASE, New Je rse y MIK E MANSFIEL D, Montana HIRAM L.
  • Download Complete [PDF]

    Download Complete [PDF]

    Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses No.1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi-110010 Journal of Defence Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.idsa.in/journalofdefencestudies Critical Analysis of Pakistani Air Operations in 1965: Weaknesses and Strengths Arjun Subramaniam To cite this article: Arjun Subramaniam (201 5): Critical Analysis of Pakistani Air Op erations in 1965: Weaknesses and Strengths, Journal of Defence Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3 July-September 2015, pp. 95-113 URL http://idsa.in/jds/9_3_2015_CriticalAnalysisofPakistaniAirOperationsin1965.html Please Scroll down for Article Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.idsa.in/termsofuse This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re- distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IDSA or of the Government of India. Critical Analysis of Pakistani Air Operations in 1965 Weaknesses and Strengths Arjun Subramaniam* This article tracks the evolution of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) into a potent fighting force by analysing the broad contours of joint operations and the air war between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and PAF in 1965. Led by aggressive commanders like Asghar Khan and Nur Khan, the PAF seized the initiative in the air on the evening of 6 September 1965 with a coordinated strike from Sargodha, Mauripur and Peshawar against four major Indian airfields, Adampur, Halwara, Pathankot and Jamnagar.
  • HELP from ABOVE Air Force Close Air

    HELP from ABOVE Air Force Close Air

    HELP FROM ABOVE Air Force Close Air Support of the Army 1946–1973 John Schlight AIR FORCE HISTORY AND MUSEUMS PROGRAM Washington, D. C. 2003 i Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schlight, John. Help from above : Air Force close air support of the Army 1946-1973 / John Schlight. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Close air support--History--20th century. 2. United States. Air Force--History--20th century. 3. United States. Army--Aviation--History--20th century. I. Title. UG703.S35 2003 358.4'142--dc22 2003020365 ii Foreword The issue of close air support by the United States Air Force in sup- port of, primarily, the United States Army has been fractious for years. Air commanders have clashed continually with ground leaders over the proper use of aircraft in the support of ground operations. This is perhaps not surprising given the very different outlooks of the two services on what constitutes prop- er air support. Often this has turned into a competition between the two serv- ices for resources to execute and control close air support operations. Although such differences extend well back to the initial use of the airplane as a military weapon, in this book the author looks at the period 1946- 1973, a period in which technological advances in the form of jet aircraft, weapons, communications, and other electronic equipment played significant roles. Doctrine, too, evolved and this very important subject is discussed in detail. Close air support remains a critical mission today and the lessons of yesterday should not be ignored. This book makes a notable contribution in seeing that it is not ignored.
  • 0218-DG-Defnews-Asian-Fighter

    0218-DG-Defnews-Asian-Fighter

    ASIA FIGHTER REVIEW Asia Fighter Review Singapore shops for new platforms as part of Air Force transformation BY MIKE YEO ly completed taking delivery of 40 Boeing F-15SG [email protected] Strike Eagle multirole fighters, which serve alongside other aircraft and helicopters such as MELBOURNE, Australia — The Republic of Sin- Lockheed Martin F-16C/D Block 52/52+ Fighting gapore Air Force celebrates its 50th anniversary Falcons and Boeing AH-64D Apache helicopter this year as it continues its transformation into gunships. a modern fighting force, with the service due to The Air Force will also start taking delivery of take delivery of new platforms this year amid a the first of six Airbus A330 Multi-Role Tanker number of ongoing procurement programs. Transports, which will replace four ex-U.S. Air The Southeast Asian island nation — which Force KC-135 Stratotankers acquired in the late measures roughly one-third the size of the U.S. 1990s along with five Lockheed Martin KC-130B/H state of Rhode Island in terms of land area and Hercules tankers/transports, which have now is strategically located at the southern end of the gone back to serve as airlifters in Singapore’s Air Straits of Malacca, through which a significant Force alongside five C-130Hs. portion of the world’s maritime trade passes — The service is also expected to receive two is a security cooperation partner of the United Lockheed Martin S-70B Seahawk anti-submarine States and operates one of the most advanced helicopters this year, bringing its fleet to eight.
  • A WW2 Air Combat Game

    A WW2 Air Combat Game

    A WW2 AirPhil Sabin’s Combat Dogfight Game 1 A game for owners of Please Note: You will need to own Wing Leader: Victories or Wing Leader: Supremacy in order to play Dogfight. © Phil Sabin 2017 2 Phil Sabin’s Dogfight DOGFIGHT INTRODUCTION BY PHIL SABIN Lee’s Introduction. Just as with his solo rules for my Night- Lee Brimmicombe-Wood’s Wing Leader series from GMT is a great fighter game, Phil surprised me from out of the blue with these grand tactical representation of WW2 air battles, thanks especially to dogfight rules. I’m happy to introduce these to Wing Leader Lee´s stunning counter artwork. Its one downside is that the dogfights players so they can try new ways of playing with the game com- ponents. themselves are rather abstracted, in favour of long range spotting and in- teractions with the ground. In this variant, I use Lee’s components to cre- Please note that this is a variant game and NOT a replacement for the Wing Leader combat rules. You may find it produces ate a simpler and quicker game focused on the aerial manoeuvres around different results. the bombers themselves. A key strength of the variant is that there are no distracting on-board or off-board markers as in Lee’s game, nor is there any need for counter-swapping as in my own grand tactical air game An- gels One Five by Victory Point Games. I even reintroduce a third dimen- sion to offset some of the inevitable artificiality of Lee’s side-scrolling 2D perspective.
  • Journal of Air Power and Space Studies Vol

    Journal of Air Power and Space Studies Vol

    AIR POWER Journal of Air Power and Space Studies Vol. 14 No. 4 • Winter 2019 (October-December) Contributors Air Marshal Ramesh Rai • Air Marshal Anil Chopra • Dr Joshy M. Paul • Ms Bhavna Singh • Ms Zoya Akhter Fathima • Ms Urmi Tat • Mr Jayesh Khatu CENTRE FOR AIR POWER STUDIES, NEW DELHI AIR POWER Journal of Air Power and Space Studies Vol. 14 No. 4, Winter 2019 (October-December) CENTRE FOR AIR POWER STUDIES VISION To be an independent centre of excellence on national security contributing informed and considered research and analyses on relevant issues. MISSION To encourage independent and informed research and analyses on issues of relevance to national security and to create a pool of domain experts to provide considered inputs to decision-makers. Also, to foster informed public debate and opinion on relevant issues and to engage with other think-tanks and stakeholders within India and abroad to provide an Indian perspective. CONTENTS Editor’s Note v 1. Combining Cyber with Air Force Operations 1 Ramesh Rai 2. China’s Aviation Industry Pulling Ahead, Yet Critical Technology Challenges 19 Anil Chopra 3. China’s Active Defence Strategy: A Maritime Perspective 49 Joshy M. Paul 4. China and Russia: New Dreams or A Marriage of Convenience? 77 Bhavna Singh 5. Status of Global Nuclear Energy: A Survey 103 Zoya Akhter Fathima 6. Development as a Form of Diplomacy: Tracing its Roots and Relevance 139 Urmi Tat 7. Myanmar: Undertstanding Political and Social Dynamics 183 Jayesh Khatu EDITOr’s NOTE The year just gone by will be remembered for more reasons than one.
  • The Future of the Air Forces and Air Defence Units of Poland’S Armed Forces

    The Future of the Air Forces and Air Defence Units of Poland’S Armed Forces

    The future of the Air Forces and air defence units of Poland’s Armed Forces ISBN 978-83-61663-05-8 The future of the Air Forces and air defence units of Poland’s Armed Forces Pulaski for Defence of Poland Warsaw 2016 Authors: Rafał Ciastoń, Col. (Ret.) Jerzy Gruszczyński, Rafał Lipka, Col. (Ret.) dr hab. Adam Radomyski, Tomasz Smura Edition: Tomasz Smura, Rafał Lipka Consultations: Col. (Ret.) Krystian Zięć Proofreading: Reuben F. Johnson Desktop Publishing: Kamil Wiśniewski The future of the Air Forces and air defence units of Poland’s Armed Forces Copyright © Casimir Pulaski Foundation ISBN 978-83-61663-05-8 Publisher: Casimir Pulaski Foundation ul. Oleandrów 6, 00-629 Warsaw, Poland www.pulaski.pl Table of content Introduction 7 Chapter I 8 1. Security Environment of the Republic of Poland 8 Challenges faced by the Air Defence 2. Threat scenarios and missions 13 System of Poland’s Armed Forces of Air Force and Air Defense Rafał Ciastoń, Rafał Lipka, 2.1 An Armed attack on the territory of Poland and 13 Col. (Ret.) dr hab. Adam Radomyski, Tomasz Smura collective defense measures within the Article 5 context 2.2 Low-intensity conflict, including actions 26 below the threshold of war 2.3 Airspace infringement and the Renegade 30 procedure 2.4 Protection of critical 35 infrastructure and airspace while facing the threat of aviation terrorism 2.5 Out-of-area operations 43 alongside Poland’s allies Chapter II 47 1. Main challenges for the 47 development of air force capabilities in the 21st century What are the development options 2.
  • F-5F Tiger II - 1993

    F-5F Tiger II - 1993

    F-5F Tiger II - 1993 Taiwan Type: Multirole (Fighter/Attack) Min Speed: 350 kt Max Speed: 920 kt Commissioned: 1993 Length: 14.4 m Wingspan: 8.0 m Height: 4.1 m Crew: 2 Empty Weight: 4392 kg Max Weight: 11214 kg Max Payload: 0 kg Propulsion: 2x J85-GE-21 Sensors / EW: - AN/APQ-153 - (F-5E) Radar, Radar, FCR, Air-to-Air, Short-Range, Max range: 29.6 km - AN/ALR-46(V)3 - (F-5E) ESM, RWR, Radar Warning Receiver, Max range: 222.2 km Weapons / Loadouts: - Mk82 500lb LDGP - (1954) Bomb. Surface Max: 1.9 km. Land Max: 1.9 km. - TC-1 [Tien Chien I] - (1994, Sky Sword I) Guided Weapon. Air Max: 18.5 km. - 275 USG Drop Tank - Drop Tank. - Mk83 1000lb LDGP - (1954) Bomb. Surface Max: 1.9 km. Land Max: 1.9 km. - HYDRA 70mm Rocket - (Mk 66 Rocket, M229 Warhead, M423/7 Fuze) Rocket. Surface Max: 3.7 km. Land Max: 3.7 km. - Mk20 Rockeye II CB [247 x Mk118 Dual Purpose Bomblets] - (1969, Mk7 Dispenser) Bomb. Surface Max: 1.9 km. Land Max: 1.9 km. - AGM-65B Maverick EO - (1976) Guided Weapon. Surface Max: 11.1 km. Land Max: 11.1 km. - AN/AVQ-27 Kit [EO + LRMTS, 12k ft] - (F-5F Only, Son of Zot Box) Sensor Pod. - GBU-12D/B Paveway II LGB [Mk82] - Guided Weapon. Surface Max: 7.4 km. Land Max: 7.4 km. OVERVIEW: The Northrop F-5A/B Freedom Fighter and the F-5E/F Tiger II are part of a family of light supersonic fighter aircraft, first designed by Northrop Corporation in the late 1950s.
  • Conceptual Design for a Supersonic Advanced Military Trainer

    Conceptual Design for a Supersonic Advanced Military Trainer

    Conceptual Design for a Supersonic Advanced Military Trainer A project presented to The Faculty of the Department of Aerospace Engineering San José State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering by Royd A. Johansen May 2019 approved by Dr. Nikos Mourtos Faculty Advisor © 2019 Royd A. Johansen ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR A SUPERSONIC ADVANCED MILITARY TRAINER by Royd A. Johansen The conceptual aircraft design project is based off the T-X program requirements for an advanced military trainer (AMT). The design process focused on a top-level design aspect, that followed the classic aircraft design process developed by J. Roskam’s Airplane Design. The design process covered: configuration selection, weight sizing, performance sizing, fuselage design, wing design, empennage design, landing-gear design, Class I weight and balance, static longitudinal and directional stability, subsonic drag polars, supersonic area rule applied to supersonic drag polars, V-n diagrams, Class II weight and balance, moments and products of inertia, and cost estimation. Throughout the process other materials and references are consulted to verify or develop a better understanding of the concepts in the Airplane Design series. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Nikos Mourtos for his support throughout this project and his invaluable academic advisement throughout my undergraduate and graduate studies. I would also like to thank Professor Gonzalo Mendoza for introducing Aircraft Design to me as an undergraduate and for providing additional insights throughout my graduate studies. My thanks are also extended to Professor Jeanine Hunter for helping me develop my theoretical foundation in Dynamics, Flight Mechanics, and Aircraft Stability and Control.
  • Schweinfurt - the Battle Within the Battle for the U.S

    Schweinfurt - the Battle Within the Battle for the U.S

    Schweinfurt - The Battle Within the Battle for the U.S. 8th Air Force Capt David Reichert, USAF After the war, Hitler’s minister of armaments and economics, Albert Speer, said, “The strategic bombing of Germany was the greatest lost battle of the whole war for Germany.”1 Such was not the consensus thinking early in the war, though. Commander of the Army Air Forces, Gen. Henry “Hap” Arnold, had sent one of his best generals and closest friends, Gen. Ira Eaker, over to Great Britain to start what would come to be known as the U.S. Eighth Bomber Command from the ground up. In a push to prove not only to the British but to the world that strategic daylight bombing was the instrument needed to bring Germany to its knees, Eaker sent out over one-hundred missions during the next year-and-a-half, aimed not at the civilian populations of Germany but instead at targets that were supposed to cripple the German war-machine. Facing criticism from both home and abroad over his seemingly slow pace of operations and unnecessarily high casualties, Eaker launched the most daring offensive of the war, sending over one thousand bombers into the air during a one-week span in mid-October, 1943. This week culminated with the second attack against the ball bearing factories in Schweinfurt, Germany, in which over sixty B-17s and six hundred men never returned home. Despite the high losses and unspectacular bombing results, the raid on Schweinfurt did help the war cause by making the policy makers finally realize the urgent need for long-range fighters to escort the bombers deep into enemy territory.