DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecuador Creating Fiscal Space for Poverty Reduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecuador Creating Fiscal Space for Poverty Reduction Report No. 28911-EC Report No. 28911-EC Ecuador Creating Fiscal Space for Poverty Reduction A Fiscal Management and Public Expenditure Review Public Disclosure Authorized (In Two Volumes) Volume II: Background Papers November 17, 2004 Ecuador Reduction Space for Poverty Fiscal Creating II Volume Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank Public Disclosure Authorized GOE Government of Ecuador PPA Power Purchasing Agreement GTZ German Technical Cooperation Agency PPC Programacidn Peri6dica de Caja (cash balance periodic HDI Human Development Index programming) HW=(s) Highly Indebted Poor Country (ies) PPS Project for Public Spaces ICE lmpuesto a 10s Consumos Especiales (Special Consumption PRADEC Programa de Asistencia y Desarrollo Comunitario (programs Tax) of Aid and Common Development) IDB Inter-American Development Bank PRAGUAS Programa de Agua y Saneamiento para Comunidades IEOS lnstituto Ecuatoriano de Obras Sanitarias (Ecuadorian Rurales y Pequeiios Municipios (Project Appraisal Institute of Sanitary Works) Document, Rural and Small Towns Water Supply and IESS lnstituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (Ecuadorian Sanitation Project) Social Security Institute) PROBE Public Report on Basic Education IM Infant Mortality PROMEC Proyecto de Modemizacidn de 10s Sectores Elkctrico, IMF International Monetary Fund Telecomunicaciones y Servicios Rurales (Power and INEC (El Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos (Integrated Communications Sectors Modernization and Rural Services System of Household Surveys) Project) INECEL lnstituto Ecuatoriano de Electrifcacidn (Ecuadorian Power PROST Pension Reform Options Stimulation Toolkit - developed by Authority) the World Bank INH lnstituto Nacional de Higiene (National Institute of Hygiene) PRS Poverty Reduction Strategy IPS interbank payment system RER Real Exchange Rate IRS/SRI Internal Revenue Service/Servicio de Rentas Internas RGP Referential Generation Price ISR personal income tax ROSC Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes ISSFA Military Social Security Institute RUC Registro Onico de Contribuyentes (centralized taxpayers ISSPOL lnstituto de Seguridad Social de la Policia Nacional registry) (Institute of Social Security of the National Police) SAPYSB Subsecretaria de Agua Potable y Saneamiento Bhico m Oil Fields (Ishipingo-Tambococha-Tiputini) (Undersecretary of Drinking Water and Basic Sanitation) ITU International Telecommunications Union SELBEN Sistema de Identi~cacidny Seleccidn de Benejiciarios de 10s NM Internal Value Measurement Programas Sociales (Poverty Mapping and Strengthening JASS Juntas de Agua y Saneamiento (Committee for Water and Database) Disinfection) SENATEL Secretaria Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (National LAC Latin America and The Caribbean Telecommunications Office) LMG Ley de Maternidad Gratuita y Atencidn a la lnfancia (Law of SENRES Secretari'a Nacional Tkcnica de Desarrollo de 'Recursos Free Maternity and Attention to Infancy) Humanos y Remuneraciones del Sector Piblico (National LNG Liquefied Natural Gas Technical Office of Human Resources Development and LOAFYC Ley Orgclnica de Administracidn Financiera y Control Remunerations of the Public Sector) (Organic Law of Financial Management and Control) SIAN Sistema Integrado de Alimentaci6n y Nutrici6n LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study SIEH Sisrema Integrado de Encuestas de Hogares (Integrated MBS/STFS Ministerio de Bienestar Social (Ministry of Social Affairs) Home Survey System) MDGs Millennium Development Goals SIGEF Sistema Integrado de Genercia Econdnica y Financiera MED Ministry of Education (Integrated Financial Management System) MEF Ministerio de Economfa y Finanzas (Finance Ministry) SIGOB Sistema de Gestidn de Gobierno (Government Management MEM Ministerio de Energia y Minas (Ministry of Energy and System) Mines) SINEC Sistema Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos (National System MIDWI Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda (Ministry of of Statistics and Censuses) Urban Development and Housing) SNEM Servicio de Erradicaci6n de Malaria (Malaria Eradication MNL Multinomial Logit Model Service) MO Mendoza-Oviedo SOTE Sistema de Oleoducto Transecuatoriano (Trans-Ecuadorian MPH Ministry of Public Health Pipeline) MYBF Multiyear Budgeting Framework SPA Subsecretaria de Proteccidn Ambiental (Undersecretariat on NBI Necesidades Bclsicas lnsatisfechns (Unmet Basic Needs) Environmental Protection) NFPS Non Financial Public Sector SPR Strategic Policy Research NWFP North West Frontier Province ssc Seguro Social Campesino (rural social security) OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development sso Seguro Social Obligatorio (obligatory social security) OLS Ordinary Least Squares STFS Secretaria Tkcnica del Frente Social (Technical Secretariat ORDs Regional Development Organizations of the Social Front) OSCIDI Ojicina de Servicio Civil y Desarrollo lnstitucional (Office STFS-SIISE Sistema lntegrado de lndicatores Sociales del Ecuador of Civil Service and Institutional Development) (Integrated System of Social Indicatom of the Social Cabinet) OSINERG Organismo Supervisor de la Inversidn en Energ fa SUFTEL Superintendencia de Telecomunicaciones (Super-intendence (Supervising Agency for Energy Investment) of Telecommunications) OTECEL Bellsouth, Empresa Telefdnica TELECSA Ecuadorian Telecommunications-South America PACIFICTE!L Pacific Telephone-Fixed line telecommunications operator UBN Unsatisfied Basic Needs in the coastal region UDENOR Unidad de Desarrollo del Norte (Northern Development PAE Programa de Alimentacidn Escolar (School Breakfast office) Program) UNDP United Nations Development Programme PAHO Pan-American Health Organization UNE Union Nacional de Educadores del Ecuador (National PA1 Programa Ampliado de lnmunizacidn en las AmCricas Teacher's Union) (Immunization Program) UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural PA" Programa Nacional de Nutricidn y Alimentacidn (National Organization Nutritional Program for Children) UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund PEM Public Expenditure Management VAT Value-Added Tax PER Public Expenditure Review VOIP Voice-over-IP PGE Presupuesto General de Estado (Central Government WFP World Food Programme Budget) WHO World Health Organization PHRD Public Human Resource Development mm IDB Vice President: David de Ferranti Manager, Regional Operation 111: Ciro de Falco Country Director: Marcel0 M. Giugale Deputy Manager, Regional Operations Dept. 111: Mbimo Jeria Sector Director: Emesto May Chief, Country Division 5: Vladimir Radovic Sector Leader: Mauricio Carrizosa Lead Economist: Vicente Fretes-Cibils Senior Economist, Co-Task Manager Jost R. L6pez-CQix Country Economist, Co-Task Manager: Albert0 Melo Ecuador Public Expenditure Review Volume I1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PREFACE Chapter 1. FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY EXERCISES ................................................................. 1 I. Fiscal Sustainability Under Macroeconomic Uncertainty................................................... 1 11 . Ecuador Analysis Under the Mendoza-Oviedo Model ....................................................... 4 111 . Sudden Stop approach to Fiscal Sustainability ................................................................... 6 IV . Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 10 References .................................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2 . THE FISCAL RULE ................................................................................................... 13 I. Oil Stabilization Funds: A Brief Analysis of their Rationale............................................ 14 I1. Fiscal Rules in Ecuador for Oil Revenues ........................................................................ 17 I11. Government Oil Revenues in Ecuador .............................................................................. 19 IV. An Analysis of the Fiscal Rules in Ecuador ...................................................................... 21 A . The Stabilization Component of FEIREP................................................................... 22 B . The Debt Reduction Component of FEIREP.............................................................. 26 C. The 3.5 Percent Target for Growth in Real Primary Expenditures ............................ 29 References .................................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 3 . EDUCATION.............................................................................................................. 33 I. Education Performance in the 1990s................................................................................. 34 11 . Equity in Educational Spending ........................................................................................ 47 I11. Cost-Effectiveness in Primary Education ......................................................................... 51 IV. Education Expenditure Tracking and Budget Scenario Analysis ..................................... 54 Annex 3.1 Education Cost-Effectiveness Model ..................................................................... 62 References ...................................................................................................................................... 60 Chapter 4
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FEB 18 1972 Librarit REGIONAL IMPACT of PORT and TRANSPORT POLICIES -THE ECUADOR CASE- 2
    REGIONAL IMPACT OF PORT AND TRANSPORT POLICIES - THE ECUADOR CASE - by EDGARDO RAUL DERBES Architect, National University of Buenos Aires (1960) SUBMITTED INPARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREES OF MASTER IN CITY.PLANNING AND MASTER OF SCIENCE at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY December, 1971 (Le Fi7\ t Signature of Author . Certified by. .. Thesis Supervisor Certified by .. /epartfi9 of Oceati Engineering, Thesis Reader Accepted by .............. ............ Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students Archivesi FEB 18 1972 LIBRARIt REGIONAL IMPACT OF PORT AND TRANSPORT POLICIES -THE ECUADOR CASE- 2 by Edgardo Raul Derbes Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning and the De- partment of Ocean Engineering on December 19, 1971, in partial fulfill- ment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of City Planning and Master of Science. This thesis has focused on appraisal of the impact on the develop- ment of Ecuador of a set of transport policies already under way or pro- posed. Decisions about port development and the interplay of ports with the rest of the transport system influence other transport modes and pro- mote the evolution of a set of locational advantages for certain areas. Consequently, for developing countries located on the seaboard, the role of ports can be a crucial factor in determining their geographic develop- ment. This study has been directed toward developing a comparative static model for testing the interaction of independent submodels dealing with the production of goods, highway operating costs, inland waterways, and coastal operations, interface operations, the overseas transportation subsystem and government policies in these areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Political Ecology of the Commons
    Shifting policies, access, and the tragedy of enclosures in Ecuadorian mangrove fisheries: towards a political ecology of the commons Christine M. Beitl1 University of Georgia, USA 1. Introduction Over the last several decades, a large percentage of coastal mangrove wetland forests in Ecuador have been cleared for the development of shrimp aquaculture despite the existence of forestry laws protecting mangroves since the 1980s. The current Ecuadorian Forestry Law stipulates that mangroves are public goods of the State, "not subject to possession or any other kind of appropriation, and can only be exploited by way of authorized concession."2 Since 1985, the cutting, burning, and exploitation of mangroves has been prohibited (Bravo 2007: 27). These policies were weakly upheld in light of export-led growth and global demand for cheap shrimp cocktail that drove the conversion of public mangrove areas into private shrimp farms throughout Ecuador and many other parts of the developing world, resulting in widespread environmental degradation, welfare impacts, and social conflict (Bailey 1988; Stonich 1995; DeWalt, Vergne, and Hardin 1996; Primavera 1997; Cruz-Torres 2000; Stonich and Vandergeest 2001; Gunawardena and Rowan 2005; Lutz 2006) and what Martinez-Alier (2001) has called a "tragedy of enclosures." However, in 1999, White Spot Syndrome Virus, a disease in cultured shrimp, halted the further expansion of shrimp ponds into vital mangrove habitat. By the year 2000, the Ecuadorian State began to recognize the "ancestral" rights of "traditional user groups" to mangrove resources, paving the way for custodias, ten-year community-managed concessions. As of July 2011, a total of 37,818 hectares have been granted to 41 different communities as part of the national strategy toward community-based conservation and management of mangrove resources (Rosero Moya and Santillan Salas 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): a LEAP Model Application
    sustainability Article Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application Luis Rivera-González 1 , David Bolonio 1, Luis F. Mazadiego 1,*, Sebastián Naranjo-Silva 2 and Kenny Escobar-Segovia 3,4 1 Department of Energy and Fuels, Mining and Energy Engineering School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (L.R.-G.); [email protected] (D.B.) 2 University Research Institute for Sustainability Science and Technology, Transversal Unit of Road Scope Management, Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 3 Campus Gustavo Galindo, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Graduate Studies, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayas P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-646-559-016 Received: 16 November 2019; Accepted: 5 January 2020; Published: 8 January 2020 Abstract: The total energy demand in the transport sector represented 48.80% of the total consumption in Ecuador throughout 2016, where 89.87% corresponded to the road transport sector. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the future behavior of this sector and assess the economic and environmental measures towards sustainable development. Consequently, this study analyzed: (1) the total energy demand for each vehicle class and fuel type; (2) the GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and air pollutants NOx and PM10; and (3) the cost attributed to the fuel demand, between 2016 and 2035. For this, four alternative demand scenarios were designed: BAU: Bussiness As Usual; EOM: Energy Optimization and Mitigation; AF: Alternative Fuels; and SM: Sustainable Mobility using Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB2469 Project Name Ecuador Urban Transportation Project Region LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN Public Disclosure Authorized Sector General transportation sector (81%);Sub-national government administration (14%);Other social services (5%) Project ID P099834 Borrower(s) Borrower: The Municipality of Cuenca (US$25 million) and the Municipality of Quito (US$10 million) Implementing Agency Unidad Metropolitana de Transporte (UMT) Ecuador Tel: 593-7-284-1373 [email protected] Dirección Metropolitana de Transporte y Vialidad (DMT) Ecuador Public Disclosure Authorized Tel: 593-2-2286125 [email protected] Environment Category [X] A [ ] B [ ] C [ ] FI [ ] TBD (to be determined) Date PID Prepared July 11, 2006 Estimated Date of October 1, 2006 Appraisal Authorization Estimated Date of Board December 19, 2006 Approval 1. Key development issues and rationale for Bank involvement Public Disclosure Authorized a. Key Development Issues Rapid urbanization has placed a serious strain on the economic and financial resources of Ecuador’s urban centres. During the 90’s approximately 30-40 percent of the Ecuadorian population migrated both within and outside the country with now 61 percent of the country’s total population living in cities.1 Migratory flows have reflected relatively better living conditions and economic opportunities in urban areas but have also led to the largest poverty increases being in the urban areas in the Costa and the Sierra. In these areas, the poverty rate climbed by more than 80 percent between 1990 and 20012 with access to an adequate supply of developable land and reliable delivery of public services being now critical challenges for sustaining economic growth and reducing poverty.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher's Book 1
    The functional English language course for the Republic of Ecuador Teacher's Book 1 República del Ecuador Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Proyecto CRADLE Tercera edición: 2005 Rita Ponce, Marlene Rivera, Irene Rosero Consultant: Kari Miller Dirección: República del Ecuador. Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Subsecretaría de Educación Dirección Nacional de Currículo Dirección Nacional de Planeamiento de la Educación DINAMEP The British Council Producción: Proyecto CRADLE - División Nacional de Idiomas Extranjeros Tercera Edición: Rita Ponce, Marlene Rivera, Irene Rosero Consultora: Kari Miller Diseñador: Hugo Duque Diagramación: Javier Cañas B., Amelia Molina Fotos: Edimpres, Photodisc Ilustraciones: Marcelo Zambrano, Pablo Ortega, Luis Ochoa Agradecimientos: Proyecto Pasochoa de la Fundación Natura foto p. 94 Edición Revisada (1999): Rita Ponce, Marlene Rivera, Irene Rosero, Les Embleton Consultor: Damien Tunnacliffe Edición Experimental (1993): Guadalupe Carpio, Marcia Vargas, Rita Ponce, Irene Rosero, Paul Barry Consultor: Paul Barry Copyright©: Proyecto CRADLE 1993, 1999 y 2005 ISBN Código Impresión: Edimpres, Quito, julio de 2005 Introduction to Teachers Foreword The CRADLE project is one of the projects that the Ministry of Education and Culture has designed to improve the quality of education in Ecuador. The textbook series, Our World Through English (OWTE), is part of a process of curriculum change in the teaching of English. Teachers, curriculum experts, teach- er trainers, authors, designers, inspectors, advisors and other experts work together to make this pro- cess work effectively. The third edition of OWTE that you are going to use is part of this national English language curriculum development process. Please enjoy the process and play your full part in it.
    [Show full text]
  • EU-CELAC Innovact Platform: Innovation to Promote Territorial
    Proyecto de la Unión Europea Implementado por: 2nd July 2019 EU-CELAC Innovact Platform: Innovation to promote Territorial Cohesion Mapping Report Border Area Ecuador -Peru EU-CELAC Innovact Platform: Innovation to promote Territorial Cohesion Mapping Report Border Area Ecuador-Peru 2nd July 2019 For any information regarding this document please contact: Elena Mejía Villacís [email protected] Azucena Cortés [email protected] Begoña Sánchez [email protected] Ezekiela Arrizabalaga [email protected] Table of Contents 1 Summary in EN ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Resumen en Español .............................................................................................................................. 6 3 The Context of the Ecuador-Peru Border Area ..................................................................................... 7 4 National Level Priorities on each side of the Border ............................................................................ 9 4.1 The ZIFEP within the priorities of the Peruvian national level .................................................................... 9 4.1.1 General approach to border integration policy and Institutional setting ................................................ 9 4.2 The ZIFEP within the priorities of the Ecuador national level ..................................................................... 9 4.2.1 General approach
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Report No. 5865-EC Ecuador: Issuesand Options in the Energy Sector Public Disclosure Authorized December 1985 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized A . :§ U 0': . .r r- . - . - . - . - , . ~;;sr >s - Public Disclosure Authorized W,,e', ;''- 'iksE?eir;y- id'dlM't%Ufib4 JOINT UNDP/WORLDBANK ENERGY SECTOR ASSESSMENT PROGRAM REPORTS ALRFADY ISSUED Coiirtrv DaLte Number Ind t7 nees Ia Nov emb er 1981 3543-INI) 8-Il rirt his December 1Q81 3910w-MAS V enya- Max' 19982 3800-KE Sri l.arika. 'ia; t11W 37q?-Cii .ii ' t .;ilime I:' It 36I725-I Il:i rl. New ni lin June. 19 82 3852-pI; Innetlv.';] QLJ} I:wil.^ 3f77-H A P.w Ind l i Iht'l 1 9S" 1i79-1RW 1;I A:t;,S i-s-!A!. ! Uc" 30 Bane izi;. s ! : eit h'e r 91-.! g 8 7t;3-iso - a Utn::na.,rv !W*)' :,I fl-z. IA '. - -19 i :r'.ex 't~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-;irchll 18si i.1i 77-'I'!; , r I 1'). A 21 2-80F3 1 . : 21jfli' 198 -IR;..j!'p'-rli }tr! |i,::! .-'41 .1l'. |L4: 3s);-tl ''''iSI ' II vI :1 A-.!: :Z'i'' :I 781 l: [ i.rruta. itt?'; 1 9'., >3it t'j1. I~~~~~ 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~c 'I 'sta.-. r. .1 rans1')8 A 94-u I.osuit t,in wrunr')I 4 7bih- L.SI Sek'rbri -1 T In.£n'i r 46x0 3-, EY :':i r t I41 j ?i 5-!oR s. X'w (;~i~;a. sp .' *'il:r'5t'r.Z I9MA 111-ST:Y ;ii- Vr rdi' A,.: '.iri :* S-* CII rt".
    [Show full text]
  • O 6*R 'Fcxyre, ^ COPYRIGHT This Is a Thesis Accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London
    SHL ITEM BARCODE REFERENCE ONLY 19 1682465 1 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON THESIS Degree Year Name of Author 'P W P z ^ o o 6*r 'Fcxyre, ^ C O P YR IG H T This is a thesis accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London. It is an unpublished typescript and the copyright is held by the author. All persons consulting the thesis must read and abide by the Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I recognise that the copyright of the above-described thesis rests with the author and that no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. LOAN Theses may not be lent to individuals, but the University Library may lend a copy to approved libraries within the United Kingdom, for consultation solely on the premises of those libraries. Application should be made to: The Theses Section, University of London Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU. REPRODUCTION University of London theses may not be reproduced without explicit written permission from the University of London Library. Enquiries should be addressed to the Theses Section of the Library. Regulations concerning reproduction vary according to the date of acceptance of the thesis and are listed below as guidelines. A. Before 1962. Permission granted only upon the prior written consent of the author. (The University Library will provide addresses where possible). B. 1962- 1974. In many cases the author has agreed to permit copying upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. C. 1975 - 1988. Most theses may be copied upon completion of a Copyright Declaration.
    [Show full text]
  • A Data-Driven Strategy for the Development of a Smart Intercity Bus System in Ecuador: a Comparative Public Policy Analysis Between South Korea and Ecuador
    A Data-driven Strategy for the Development of a Smart Intercity Bus System in Ecuador: A Comparative Public Policy Analysis between South Korea and Ecuador By SUNTAXI, Paola Fernanda CAPSTONE PROJECT Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 2020 A Data-driven Strategy for the Development of a Smart Intercity Bus System in Ecuador: A Comparative Public Policy Analysis between South Korea and Ecuador By SUNTAXI, Paola Fernanda CAPSTONE PROJECT Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 2020 Professor Lee, Taejun ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research is dedicated to my father, Carlos Fabián, and my mother, Laura María. They showed me the importance of education and continuous passionate learning not only to become a better professional but to be a more conscious human being and smartly serve our societies. I would like to express my gratitude to the Korean government for allowing me to study at the KDI School of Public Policy and Management. Coming from a developing country, opportunities to study abroad and learn about effective and proven public policies are limited. Korea is an outstanding leader in the public transport and smart cities fields. Hence, interaction with knowledgeable professors and practitioners was invaluable. Studying at KDI was an enriching experience, both professional and personal. I would like to also to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Lee Taejun, for his lectures about Digital Transformation and comments for this study to open my vision about the modernization of the state through the responsible use of ICT.
    [Show full text]
  • Race, Class and National Identity in Black Ecuador: Afro-Ecuadorians and the Struggle for Human Rights David Dixon Clark Atlanta University
    Atlanta University Center DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center ETD Collection for AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library 4-1-1977 Race, class and national identity in black Ecuador: Afro-Ecuadorians and the struggle for human rights David Dixon Clark Atlanta University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Dixon, David, "Race, class and national identity in black Ecuador: Afro-Ecuadorians and the struggle for human rights" (1977). ETD Collection for AUC Robert W. Woodruff iL brary. Paper 193. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in ETD Collection for AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AB S TRACT POLITICAL SCIENCE DIXON, DAVID L. B.A. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA, 1982 M.A. ATLANTA UNIVERSITY, 1987 CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY, 1997 RACE. CLASS AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN BLACK ECUADOR: AFRO ECUADORIANS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR ITUMAN RIGHTS Advisor: Professor Guy Martin Dissertation dated May, 1997 This study analyzed the social predicament of Ecuador’s black population. The main objectives of the dissertation were to explain the low social status of Afro-Ecuadorians from a political economy perspective; to analyze the concept of race and Minority Rights as an aspect of human rights; and to focus the debate on the Republic of Ecuador’s human rights policy regarding its black population.
    [Show full text]
  • Cover Page for CTF Project/Program Approval Request[A] Dedicated Private Sector Programs (DPSP-III)
    Financing Sustainable Electric Transport in Ecuador - CTF Submission – Public version CTF Cover Page Page 1 of 15 Cover Page for CTF Project/Program Approval Request[a] Dedicated Private Sector Programs (DPSP-III) 1. Country/Region 2. CIF Ecuador XCTFEC772A Project ID# 3. Public or Private Public ✓ Private 4. Project/Program Title Financing Sustainable Electric Transport in Ecuador 5. Is this a private sector program Yes composed of sub-projects? No ✓ 6. Financial Products, Terms and Amounts Financial Product USD EUR (million) (million)[b] Grant 1.047 Fee on grant 0.053 MPIS (for private sector only) Public sector loan Harder terms Softer terms 23.0 Senior loan Senior loans in local currency hedged Subordinated debt / mezzanine instruments with income participation Second loss guarantees Equity Subordinated debt/mezzanine instruments with convertible features Convertible grants and contingent recovery grants Contingent recovery loans First loss guarantees Other (please specify) Total 24.1 7. Implementing MDB(s) Inter-American Development Bank 8. National Implementing Agency Ministry of Finance of Ecuador 9. MDB Focal Point Claudio Alatorre Frenk ([email protected]) 10. Brief Description of Project/Program (including objectives and expected outcomes)[c] In Ecuador, the fossil fuel-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased in the past ten years, with a 30% increase in 2018 compared to 2009, with the transport sector accounting for 41.9% of the emissions in 2018.1 More significantly, the GHG emissions from the transport sector 1 Crippa, M., Oreggioni, G., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Lo Vullo, E., Solazzo, E., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Olivier, J.G.J., Vignati, E.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Essays on Agglomeration Economies in Ecuador
    Three Essays on Agglomeration Economies in Ecuador Moisés Lenyn Obaco Álvarez ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB.
    [Show full text]