National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form
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NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. X New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Historic Latinx Resources in Utah, 1776 to 1942 B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) C. Form Prepared by: name/title Kate Hovanes, Architectural Historian Anne Oliver, Principal Investigator organization SWCA Environmental Consultants street & number 257 East 200 South, Suite 200 city or town Salt Lake City state Utah zip code 84111 e-mail [email protected]; [email protected] telephone (801) 322-4307 date March 22, 2021 D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR 60 and the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. Signature of certifying official Title Date _____________________________________ State or Federal Agency or Tribal government I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register. ________________________________ __________________________________ Signature of the Keeper Date of Action NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Table of Contents for Written Narrative Create a Table of Contents and list the page numbers for each of these sections in the space below. Provide narrative explanations for each of these sections on continuation sheets. In the header of each section, cite the letter, page number, and name of the multiple property listing. Refer to How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form for additional guidance. Page Numbers E. Statement of Historic Contexts 1–46 F. Associated Property Types 47–68 G. Geographical Data 69 H. Summary of Identification and Evaluation Methods 70–75 I. Major Bibliographical References 76–85 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 250 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, PO Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 8/2002) OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Name of Property Statewide; Utah County and State National Register of Historic Places Historic Latinx Resources in Utah, 1776 to 1942 Continuation Sheet Name of multiple listing (if applicable) Section number TOC Page i CONTENTS E. Statement of Historic Contexts ...................................................................................................................................... 1 E.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 E.1.1 Project Background .................................................................................................................................. 2 E.1.2 Terminology Used in this Report ............................................................................................................. 2 E.2 Summary Table of Latinx History at the State and National Level (1492–1942) .................................................... 3 E.3 Early Exploration and Settlement (1776–1848) ....................................................................................................... 3 E.3.1 The Domínguez-Escalante Expedition (1776–1777) ............................................................................... 3 E.3.2 Mexican Independence (1808–1821) ....................................................................................................... 4 E.3.3 Trapping and Trading (ca. 1820–1845) ................................................................................................... 4 E.3.4 Old Spanish Trail (1829–1848) ................................................................................................................ 5 E.3.5 War between the United States and Mexico (1846–1848) ....................................................................... 5 E.3.6 Arrival of Latter-day Saint Pioneers (1847) ............................................................................................. 6 E.4 The Territorial Years (1849–1896) .......................................................................................................................... 6 E.4.1 Demographics of Territorial Utah (1850–1896) ...................................................................................... 7 E.4.2 Sheepherding in Southeastern Utah (1880–1900) .................................................................................... 8 E.5 Opportunity, Growth, and Challenge (1896–1942) .................................................................................................. 9 E.5.1 In-Migration, Immigration, and Demographic Shifts (1900–1940) ....................................................... 10 E.5.2 Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) ......................................................................................................... 16 E.5.3 World War I (1914–1918) ...................................................................................................................... 17 E.5.4 Great Depression (1929–1942) .............................................................................................................. 18 E.5.5 World War II and the Bracero Program (1942) ..................................................................................... 19 E.5.6 Establishment of Latinx Communities (ca. 1900–1942) ........................................................................ 20 E.5.7 Agriculture (ca. 1900–1942) .................................................................................................................. 25 E.5.8 Railroad Work and Transportation (ca. 1910–ca.1950) ......................................................................... 28 E.5.9 Mining (1912–1942) .............................................................................................................................. 31 E.5.10 Business and Commerce (ca. 1900–ca. 1940) ....................................................................................... 34 E.5.11 Social Clubs and Mutual Aid Groups (ca. 1920–1942) ......................................................................... 34 E.5.12 Religious Groups (ca. 1915–1942) ........................................................................................................ 38 E.6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................. 44 F. Associated Property Types .......................................................................................................................................... 46 F.1 Property Types ....................................................................................................................................................... 46 F.1.1 Agricultural Resources and Properties ................................................................................................... 47 F.1.2 Archaeological Sites and Resources ...................................................................................................... 48 F.1.3 Businesses .............................................................................................................................................. 49 F.1.4 Churches or Meeting Houses ................................................................................................................. 51 F.1.5 Company Housing ................................................................................................................................. 52 F.1.6 Headquarters of Social, Cultural, or Political Groups ............................................................................ 53 F.1.7 Industrial Resources and Properties ......................................................................................................