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MOLYBDENUM by Michael J
MOLYBDENUM By Michael J. Magyar Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Cindy C. Chen, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Linder Roberts, international data coordinator. Molybdenum is a refractory metallic element used principally until after the nearby Henderson deposit in Empire, CO, about as an alloying agent in cast iron, steel, and superalloys to 100 kilometers east, is exhausted. The Tonopah Mine in Nevada enhance hardenability, strength, toughness, and wear- and was being permanently closed. Molybdenum was produced as corrosion- resistance. To achieve desired metallurgical properties, a byproduct of copper production at the Bagdad and Sierrita molybdenum, primarily in the form of molybdic oxide (MoX) or Mines in Arizona and at the Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah. ferromolybdenum (FeMo), is frequently used in combination with The byproduct molybdenum recovery circuit at the Chino Mine or added to chromium, columbium (niobium), manganese, nickel, in New Mexico remained on care and maintenance. Montana tungsten, or other alloy metals. The versatility of molybdenum in Resources’ Continental Pit in Montana resumed operation enhancing a variety of alloy properties has ensured it a significant in November 2003, with the first shipments of molybdenite role in contemporary industrial technology, which increasingly concentrate expected in early 2004 (Platts Metals Week, 2003d). requires materials that are serviceable under high stress, expanded With byproduct molybdenum recovery at a copper mine, temperature ranges, and highly corrosive environments. Moreover, all mining costs associated with producing the molybdenum molybdenum finds significant use as a refractory metal in numerous concentrate are allocated to the primary metal (copper). -
Chuquicamata Underground Mine Design: the Simplification of the Ore Handling System of Lift 1
Caving 2018 – Y Potvin and J Jakubec (eds) © 2018 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-9924810-9-4 doi:10.36487/ACG_rep/1815_27_Paredes Chuquicamata underground mine design: the simplification of the ore handling system of Lift 1 P Paredes Codelco, Chile T Leaño Codelco, Chile L Jauriat Codelco, Chile Abstract The ore handling system layout plays a fundamental role in cave mining projects, not only because it is one of the main drivers in the production capacity and reliability of the mining system, but also because it is a fundamental variable in the footprint’s development time and cost (Paredes et al. 2016). In terms of ore handling system definition, the governing paradigm in Codelco’s projects has been the productivity maximisation through the optimisation of load–haul–dump unit (LHD) tramming distances. This has resulted in layout designs that solve the productive-effectiveness problem by shortening the LHD tramming distance by introducing orepasses inside the footprint area. Following this principle, the original macro block design of the Chuquicamata Underground Mine Project (PMCHS) considered an ore handling system layout based on the maximisation of operational flexibility. In this design, LHDs dumped into orepasses located inside the footprint area, transferring the ore into crusher chambers located below the production level, where ore was crushed and then conveyed to surface. This resulted in a very flexible layout for the operation, but at the same time, implied the execution of a large amount of vertical and major infrastructure excavations, as well as the assembling, commissioning and operation of a large amount of mechanical equipment for the mine. -
CODELCO Generated US$ 1.34 Billion in Pre-Tax Earnings During 2019
Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile Headquarters Huérfanos 1270 Santiago, Chile www.codelco.com CODELCO generated US$ 1.34 billion in pre-tax earnings during 2019 In the second half of the year, the state-owned copper company got back on track in terms of production and costs, which impacted positively this figure. Santiago, March 27 2020.- In 2019 CODELCO generated US$ 1.34 billion pre-tax earnings, according to its report to the Commission for the Financial Market (Chilean regulator). The copper giant managed to get its production and costs back on track during the second half of the year, achieving a positive impact on its end-of-year financial results. The company’s copper production amounted to 1,588,000 tons, 5.3% lower than the previous year production, due to extreme weather events in Northern Chile, a strike by some unions at Chuquicamata, and operational issues that took place during the first two quarters. Direct costs (C1) were slightly higher than in 2018 (1.8%) due to a drop in production. This was offset by the implementation of a meaningful cost-cutting plan, lower service expenses, renegotiation of critical contracts, low-cost suppliers, and enhanced stock information systems. The net cathode cost was 225 c/lb, 2.8% lower than the previous year. This positive evolution comes from the reduction of non-operating costs (impairments, provisions and other items) and the sale of our minority equity stake in GNL Mejillones, in line with the company’s strategic goal of focusing on its core business: copper production. The results clearly show the efforts that were committed and carried out in the second semester. -
Hydrology and Erosion Impacts of Mining Derived Coastal Sand Dunes, Ch~Aralbay, Chile
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. HYDROLOGY AND EROSION IMPACTS OF MINING DERIVED COASTAL SAND DUNES, CH~ARALBAY, CHILE Daniel G. Nearyl, and Pablo Garcia-Chevesich2 Chile has an economy strongly based on the the sand dunes with multiple row tree shelterbelts exploitation of its natural resources. Copper mining next to the town of Chafiaral. This paper examines represents the main export monetary income, the hydrologic processes which formed the sand employing thousands of people all along the country. deposits and the potential remediation program. The Chilean Copper Corporation (CODELCO), El Salvador branch, has been the primary mining STUDY AREA company, but it will be ending most of its activities Copper Mining by 201 1 unless copper prices stay at their record Chile is world's largest copper producer. levels. Besides the job consequences for the local Cuprous porphyry ore bodies that exist along the population, there are some serious environmental Andean Cordillera are responsible for Chile's vast issues that must be solved during the shut-down. mineral reserves. Some of the world's largest Nearly 12 km2 of contaminated sand dunes, opencast mines are located at high altitudes and located in the Bay of Chafiaral, Chile, are the result harsh cold and arid environments along the Andes of mining operations between 1938 and 1975 that Cordillera. During 2004 Chile's copper production released contaminated sediments to the bay. Even reached 5.3 million Mg. Other metallic minerals though the sediment release no longer occurs, the mined and smelted in Chile include gold, silver, coastal winds transport the heavy metals attached to molybdenum, zinc, manganese and iron ore. -
Recent Developments and Perspectives
BMO CAPITAL MARKETS 25th GLOBAL METALS & MINING CONFERENCE CODELCO: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES Oscar Landerretche M. Chairman of the Board February 28 - March 2, 2016 CODELCO HIGHLIGHTS 2 Copyrights© 2015 CODELCO-CHILE. Todos los Derechos Reservados. | Copyrights© 2015 by CODELCO-CHILE. All Rights Reserved. 2015 Highlights Safety(P): total global accident frequency and severity rates deceased by 30% and 39%, reaching 0.93* and 140**, respectively. No fatal accident. Copper Own Mine Production: increased by 3.6% in 2015 to 1,732 thousand tons, compared to 2014, especially due to the new production coming from Mina Ministro Hales. Total production achieved a historical record of 1,891 thousand tons. Cost Reduction(P): C1 decreased 7.8% to 138.6 c/lb in 2015 compared to 2014, attributable to lower input prices and the intensification of the control cost program. Financial Performance(P): Adjusted Mining EBITDA Margin reached 41%, despite the 20% drop in the average copper price in 2015 compared to 2014. (S&P A+, Moody’s A1) Financing Program: In addition to the US$2 billion bond issuance in September, Codelco received US$600 million capital injection plus an approval to retain earnings for US$225 million, securing the financing for 2016. Investment Program: During 2015 Codelco reduced its capex program by US$1 billion, without affecting the execution plan for the key projects under construction. (P): All 2015 figures contained in this presentation are preliminary * Lost Time Injuries/ Million Hours worked ** Lost days & days charged / Million Hours worked 3 Copyrights© 2015 CODELCO-CHILE. Todos los Derechos Reservados. | Copyrights© 2015 by CODELCO-CHILE. -
Chile's Mining and Chemicals Industries
Global Outlook Chile’s Mining and Chemicals Industries Luis A. Cisternas With abundant mineral resources, Chile’s Univ. of Antofagasta Edelmira D. Gálvez chemicals industries are dominated by mining, Catholic Univ. of the North with many of its operations among the world’s most productive and important. hile’s chemicals industries consist of 300 companies producer. Chilean mining continues to reach unprecedented and some 400 products, with sales representing 4% levels — not only the mining of copper, but particularly Cof the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) and of nonmetallic ores. Recent growth has been supported by about 25% of all industrial contributions to the GDP (1). favorable economic policies and incentives for foreign inves- Chile’s major chemical exports include methanol, inorganic tors that were intended to overcome the lack of domestic compounds (nitrates, iodine, lithium products, sodium investment after Chile’s return to democracy in the 1990s. chloride), combustibles (gasoline, diesel, fuel oil), algae Chile’s main metallic and nonmetallic ore deposits are derivatives, and plastic resins (polypropylene, low-density located in the country’s northern regions, which are rich in polyethylene). However, the mining industry — consisting copper, gold, silver, and iron deposits, as well as salt lake of 100 large and medium-sized companies and more than mineral byproducts such as nitrates, boron, iodine, lithium, 1,600 mining operations (2) — dominates Chile’s chemical- and potassium. Chile’s abundance of mineral resources is industry landscape. These companies’ primary products remarkable: Its reserves constitute 6.7% of the world’s gold, include molybdenum, rhenium, iron, lithium, silver, gold, 12.1% of the molybdenum, 13.3% of the silver, 27.7% of the and — most important — copper. -
Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation
Miningmining BestPractices Plant-Wide Assessment Case Study Industrial Technologies Program Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation: Facility Utilizes Energy Assessments to Identify $930,000 in Potential Annual Savings BENEFITS • Identified potential annual cost savings of $930,000 Summary • Identified potential annual savings of Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation (KUCC) used targeted energy assessments in the smelter 452,000 MMBtu in natural gas and refinery at its Bingham Canyon Mine, near Salt Lake City, Utah, to identify projects to • Found opportunities to reduce maintenance, conserve energy and improve production processes. By implementing the projects identified repair costs, waste, and environmental during the assessment, KUCC could realize annual cost savings of $930,000 and annual energy emissions savings of 452,000 million British thermal units (MMBtu). The copper smelting and refining • Found opportunities to improve industrial facilities were selected for the energy assessments because of their energy-intensive processes. Implementing the projects identified in the assessments would also reduce maintenance, hygiene and safety repair costs, waste, and environmental emissions. One project would use methane gas from • Identified ways to improve process an adjacent municipal dump to replace natural gas used to heat the refinery electrolyte. throughput Public-Private Partnership • Identified a potential payback period of less than 1 year for all projects combined The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) cosponsored the assessment. DOE promotes plant-wide energy-efficiency assessments that will lead to improvements in industrial energy efficiency, productivity, and global competitiveness, while reducing waste and environmental emissions. In this case, DOE contributed $100,000 of the total $225,000 assessment cost. -
Governs the Making of Photocopies Or Other Reproductions of Copyrighted Materials
Warning Concerning Copyright Restrictions The Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If electronic transmission of reserve material is used for purposes in excess of what constitutes "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. (Photo: Kennecott) Bingham Canyon Landslide: Analysis and Mitigation GE 487: Geological Engineering Design Spring 2015 Jake Ward 1 Honors Undergraduate Thesis Signatures: 2 Abstract On April 10, 2013, a major landslide happened at Bingham Canyon Mine near Salt Lake City, Utah. The Manefay Slide has been called the largest non-volcanic landslide in modern North American history, as it is estimated it displaced more than 145 million tons of material. No injuries or loss of life were recorded during the incident; however, the loss of valuable operating time has a number of slope stability experts wondering how to prevent future large-scale slope failure in open pit mines. This comprehensive study concerns the analysis of the landslide at Bingham Canyon Mine and the mitigation of future, large- scale slope failures. The Manefay Slide was modeled into a two- dimensional, limit equilibrium analysis program to find the controlling factors behind the slope failure. It was determined the Manefay Slide was a result of movement along a saturated, bedding plane with centralized argillic alteration. -
Kennecott South Zone Site
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository) Depository) 11-3-1998 EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Kennecott South Zone Site Environmental Protection Agency Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/govdocs Part of the Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons Recommended Citation Environmental Protection Agency, "EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Kennecott South Zone Site" (1998). All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository). Paper 488. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/govdocs/488 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository) at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PB99-964401 EPA541- R99-034 1999 EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Kennecott South Zone Site_ OUs 1, 4, 5, 10 & P-ortions of 11 & 17 Copperton, UT 11/3/1998 , ; RECORD OF DECISION KENNECOTT SOUTH ZONE SITE Operable Units 1,4,5, to, portions of 11, and 17 Bingham Creek and Bingham Canyon Area November, 1998 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 999 18th Street, Suite 500 Denver, Colorado 80202 ~ I I. THE DECLARATION A. SITE NAME AND LOCATION: This decision document covers all or portiol1$ of six (6) operable units which are part of the Kennecott South Zone Site proposed for inclusion on the National Priorities List. Included are Bingham Creek (Operable Unit 1), Large Bingham Reservoir (Operable Unit 4), AnacondaJARCO/Copperton Tailings (Operable Unit 5), Copperton Soils (Operable Unit 10), portions of Bingham Canyon Historic Facilities (Operable Unit 11), and Bastian Sink (Operable Unit 17). -
OUTSTANDING INNOVATOR David George
OUTSTANDING INNOVATOR David George Sponsored by Sandvik The inductee for our prestigious Outstanding Innovator category in 2013 is David George, who is General Manager – Processing, Technology & Innovation (T&I) at Rio Tinto. While he has been involved in many mining technology projects, he is cited here for his contribution to the double- flash copper smelting technology. This technology has revolutionised copper smelting; setting the standard for sulphur dioxide capture, improving safety by eliminating molten matte transfer, and reducing the labour required to produce copper. This technology is recognised by the US Environmental Protection Agency as the Best Available Current Technology (BACT) in copper smelting. The technology was developed by combining Outotec’s well proven flash- smelting with the Kennecott Utah Copper (KUC) flash-converting intellectual property, to which David was an instrumental contributor. In the mid-1980s, what was then Outokumpu (now Outotec) and KUC were jointly developing a new copper converting process based on Outotec’s flash smelting furnace technology. The key step, the solidification of molten copper matte followed by oxygen smelting, was seemingly against logic but it allowed a single, continuously operated and tightly sealed flash converting furnace to replace multiple conventional copper converters. The original patented process was named solid matte oxygen converting which was renamed Kennecott-Outokumpu (Kennecott- Outotec) Flash Converting. Many of the lessons Outokumpu had learned from development of the then new Outokumpu Direct-to-Blister process could be used because of the metallurgical similarity of the two processes. In 1992 KUC made the decision to expand their smelter by using flash smelting and flash converting (‘double flash’), as the previous Noranda reactors were not able to meet environmental standards and did not have capacity for the expanded Bingham Canyon mine. -
Reuse and the Benefit to Community: Kennecott South Zone Superfund Site
Reuse and the Benefit to Community Kennecott South Zone Introduction Mining has long been a way of life in and around Utah’s Bingham Canyon. Few ore deposits in the world have been more productive than those found at Bingham Canyon Mine. The mine has produced millions of tons of copper and tons of gold and silver. Mining operations also contaminated soil, surface water and groundwater in the surrounding area, referred to by regulators as the Kennecott South Zone (the site). During cleanup discussions, the site’s potentially responsible party, Kennecott Utah Copper, LLC (Kennecott), proposed a course of action that would address contamination while avoiding placing the site on the Superfund program’s National Priorities List (NPL). This approach was the template for the Superfund Alternative Approach, which has since been used at sites across the country. EPA approved the cleanup plan, setting the stage for the site’s cleanup and remarkable redevelopment. Open communication, extensive collaboration and innovative thinking helped contribute to the transformation of this once contaminated, industrial site into a thriving residential area and regional economic hub. Superfund site restoration and reuse can revitalize local economies with jobs, new businesses, tax revenues and local spending. Cleanup may also take place while active land uses remain on site. This case study focuses on the Kennecott South Zone, primarily on operable unit (OU) 7 and an area known as the Daybreak development, which includes and surrounds OU7. Today, OU7 and several other parts of the site support a wide range of commercial, industrial, public service, residential and recreational reuses. -
UNIVERSIDADDECONCEPCI Ó N Geology of the MM Copper Deposit
U N I V E R S I D A D D E C O N C E P C I Ó N DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA 10° CONGRESO GEOLÓGICO CHILENO 2003 Geology of the MM Copper Deposit, Chuquicamata District – An Update Guillermo Müller and Jorge Quiroga Codelco Chile. Isidora Goyenechea 2934. Piso 5. Santiago, Chile ([email protected]) MM is a blind porphyry copper deposit covered by approximately 50 m of barren gravel. The central part of the deposit (MM Central) is located ~5 km north of Calama and 8 km south of Chuquicamata. Both shape and location of the MM deposit are related to a complex, NS-trending, 7-km long by ~300-m wide structural system that corresponds to the southern extension of the West Fault of Chuquicamata. To date, this central block has been explored with 100,000 m of diamond drill holes and 2.7 km of underground workings, with current geological resources amounting to 882 Mt @ 1.02% Cu, 15 ppm Ag, and 566 ppm As, for a cut-off grade of 0.25% Cu. The deposit remains open to the north, south and west. The discovery of mineralization west of Mina Sur and on the west side of the West Fault in a single hole by Anaconda in the 60’s, and later in four additional holes drilled by Codelco in the 80’s, suggested the possibility for a left-lateral offset of part of the Chuquicamata deposit and stimulated further drilling. The final discovery during the 90’s by Codelco, of at least 2 km of continous, in-situ “Chuqui-like” mineralization (the MM deposit) on the west side of the West Fault has modified the concept of the displacement, which is now under revision.