Recent Developments and Perspectives
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Salvador Allende Rea
I Chronology: Chile 1962-1975 Sources: Appendix to Church Committee Report reproduced on the Internet by Rdbinson Rojas Research Unit Consultancy <http:// www. soft.net.uk/rrojasdatabank/index.htm> [the "Church Committee," named after its chairman Senator Frank Church, was the U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations in Respect to Intelligence Activities]; James D. Cockcroft, Latin America: History, Politics, and U.S. Policy, 2"d ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing/Thomson Learning, 1997), 531-565; Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, "Chile: A Chronology," Appendix A of United States and Chile During the Allende Years, 1970-1973: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs o] the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975); Hedda Garza, Salvador Allende (New York and Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989); "HI and Chile," Report of the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations, June 21,1973; NACLA Report on the Americas, May-June 1999. 1962 Special Group [select U.S. government officials including the CIA approves $50,000 to strengthen Christian Democratic Party (PDC) subsequently approves an additional $180,000 to strengthen PDC anc its leader, Eduardo Frei. Throughout early 1960s, the U.S. Depart ment of the Army and a team of U.S. university professors develop "Project Camelot," which calls for the coordinated buildup of civilian and military forces inside Chile, with U.S. support, into a force capable of overthrowing any elected left-coalition govemment. 1963 Special Group approves $20,000 for a leader of the Radical Party (PR); later approves an additional $30,000 to support PR candidates in April municipal elections. -
The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty and The
The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Sebastian Hurtado-Torres December 2016 © 2016 Sebastian Hurtado-Torres. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty, and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 by SEBASTIAN HURTADO-TORRES has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Patrick Barr-Melej Associate Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT HURTADO-TORRES, SEBASTIAN, Ph.D., December 2016, History The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei’s Revolution in Liberty, and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 Director of Dissertation: Patrick Barr-Melej This dissertation explores the involvement of the United States in Chilean politics between the presidential campaign of 1964 and Salvador Allende’s accession to the presidency in 1970. The main argument of this work is that the partnership between the Christian Democratic Party of Chile (PDC) and the United States in this period played a significant role in shaping Chilean politics and thus contributed to its growing polarization. The alliance between the PDC and the United States was based as much on their common views on communism as on their shared ideas about modernization and economic development. Furthermore, the U.S. Embassy in Santiago, headed by men strongly committed to the success of the Christian Democratic project, involved itself heavily in the inner workings of Chilean politics as an informal actor, unable to dictate terms but capable of exerting influence on local actors whose interests converged with those of the United States. -
Chuquicamata Underground Mine Design: the Simplification of the Ore Handling System of Lift 1
Caving 2018 – Y Potvin and J Jakubec (eds) © 2018 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-9924810-9-4 doi:10.36487/ACG_rep/1815_27_Paredes Chuquicamata underground mine design: the simplification of the ore handling system of Lift 1 P Paredes Codelco, Chile T Leaño Codelco, Chile L Jauriat Codelco, Chile Abstract The ore handling system layout plays a fundamental role in cave mining projects, not only because it is one of the main drivers in the production capacity and reliability of the mining system, but also because it is a fundamental variable in the footprint’s development time and cost (Paredes et al. 2016). In terms of ore handling system definition, the governing paradigm in Codelco’s projects has been the productivity maximisation through the optimisation of load–haul–dump unit (LHD) tramming distances. This has resulted in layout designs that solve the productive-effectiveness problem by shortening the LHD tramming distance by introducing orepasses inside the footprint area. Following this principle, the original macro block design of the Chuquicamata Underground Mine Project (PMCHS) considered an ore handling system layout based on the maximisation of operational flexibility. In this design, LHDs dumped into orepasses located inside the footprint area, transferring the ore into crusher chambers located below the production level, where ore was crushed and then conveyed to surface. This resulted in a very flexible layout for the operation, but at the same time, implied the execution of a large amount of vertical and major infrastructure excavations, as well as the assembling, commissioning and operation of a large amount of mechanical equipment for the mine. -
RECEIVED ABSTRACTS (73 Abstracts As of November 15, 2019)
RECEIVED ABSTRACTS (73 abstracts as of November 15, 2019) Represented Countries (10): Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Chile, England, Peru, South Africa and USA Lean Production (7) (A07) Use of Availability (UoA) Improvement in Minera Las Bambas Luis Reynafarge, Pável Oropeza and Juan Herrán, Minera Las Bambas, Peru (A08) Six Sigma to Enhance Operational Performance in a Concentrate Plant Jorge Arana, Rolando Quispe and Marco Gutierrez, Minera Las Bambas, Peru (A09) Hauling Payload Improvement in Minera Las Bambas Luis Reynafarge, Pável Oropeza and Juan Herrán, Minera Las Bambas, Peru (A23) Operational Experience of Autonomous Hauling System at Gabriela Mistral Mine Diego Quezada, Gabriela Mistral Division, Codelco, Chile (A28) Information Flows Impact on Productivity through Lean Initiatives Patricio Gahona, Alberto Lagos and Fabián Retamal, Gestión de la Producción, Chile (A62) Lean Transformation at MolymetNos Operation Oscar Ley and Ricardo Araya, Molymet, Chile; Diego Zamorano and Laura Mottola, Flow Partners, Chile and Canada (A73) Lean Construction Applied to Underground Mine Development Codelco Operational Excellence Team, Chile and McKinsey, USA Process Improvement and Technology Innovation (30) (A01) Improved Refuelling Assignment based on Multiple Fitted Fuel Level Models for Komatsu's 930E EDT's Matías Benavides, Angelo Hermosilla and Diego Cáceres, Komatsu, Chile (A02) Classification of Haul Truck’s Spotting Time on Shovel Double Spot Loading Pattern Sebastián Seria, Daniel González and Diego Cáceres, Komatsu, -
CODELCO Generated US$ 1.34 Billion in Pre-Tax Earnings During 2019
Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile Headquarters Huérfanos 1270 Santiago, Chile www.codelco.com CODELCO generated US$ 1.34 billion in pre-tax earnings during 2019 In the second half of the year, the state-owned copper company got back on track in terms of production and costs, which impacted positively this figure. Santiago, March 27 2020.- In 2019 CODELCO generated US$ 1.34 billion pre-tax earnings, according to its report to the Commission for the Financial Market (Chilean regulator). The copper giant managed to get its production and costs back on track during the second half of the year, achieving a positive impact on its end-of-year financial results. The company’s copper production amounted to 1,588,000 tons, 5.3% lower than the previous year production, due to extreme weather events in Northern Chile, a strike by some unions at Chuquicamata, and operational issues that took place during the first two quarters. Direct costs (C1) were slightly higher than in 2018 (1.8%) due to a drop in production. This was offset by the implementation of a meaningful cost-cutting plan, lower service expenses, renegotiation of critical contracts, low-cost suppliers, and enhanced stock information systems. The net cathode cost was 225 c/lb, 2.8% lower than the previous year. This positive evolution comes from the reduction of non-operating costs (impairments, provisions and other items) and the sale of our minority equity stake in GNL Mejillones, in line with the company’s strategic goal of focusing on its core business: copper production. The results clearly show the efforts that were committed and carried out in the second semester. -
Hydrology and Erosion Impacts of Mining Derived Coastal Sand Dunes, Ch~Aralbay, Chile
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. HYDROLOGY AND EROSION IMPACTS OF MINING DERIVED COASTAL SAND DUNES, CH~ARALBAY, CHILE Daniel G. Nearyl, and Pablo Garcia-Chevesich2 Chile has an economy strongly based on the the sand dunes with multiple row tree shelterbelts exploitation of its natural resources. Copper mining next to the town of Chafiaral. This paper examines represents the main export monetary income, the hydrologic processes which formed the sand employing thousands of people all along the country. deposits and the potential remediation program. The Chilean Copper Corporation (CODELCO), El Salvador branch, has been the primary mining STUDY AREA company, but it will be ending most of its activities Copper Mining by 201 1 unless copper prices stay at their record Chile is world's largest copper producer. levels. Besides the job consequences for the local Cuprous porphyry ore bodies that exist along the population, there are some serious environmental Andean Cordillera are responsible for Chile's vast issues that must be solved during the shut-down. mineral reserves. Some of the world's largest Nearly 12 km2 of contaminated sand dunes, opencast mines are located at high altitudes and located in the Bay of Chafiaral, Chile, are the result harsh cold and arid environments along the Andes of mining operations between 1938 and 1975 that Cordillera. During 2004 Chile's copper production released contaminated sediments to the bay. Even reached 5.3 million Mg. Other metallic minerals though the sediment release no longer occurs, the mined and smelted in Chile include gold, silver, coastal winds transport the heavy metals attached to molybdenum, zinc, manganese and iron ore. -
Keeping the US Hand Well Hidden: the Role of the Church Committee in Rethinking US Covert Intervention in the 1970S
Keeping the US Hand Well Hidden: The Role of the Church Committee in Rethinking US Covert Intervention in the 1970s Julia Kropa A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN April 2, 2018 Advised by Professor Victoria Langland TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………………………..ii Timeline……………………………………………………………………………………iii Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter 1: US Covert Involvement and the Death of General Schneider…………………14 The Election of 1970 and Escalation of US Involvement…………………………16 Creating an Atmosphere of Overthrow……………………………………………26 The Aftermath of General Schneider’s Death……………………………………..37 Chapter 2: The Formation of the Church Committee……………………………………..42 The Origins of the Church Committee…………………………………………….45 White House Opposition to the Church Committee……………………………….59 The Committee’s Purpose for Investigating Assassination Plots………………….66 Chapter 3: The Church Committee Investigates Assassination Plots……………………..70 The Church Committee’s Investigation…………………………………………...73 The Investigation Reaches the White House………………………………………81 The Committee’s Interim Report and its Findings………………………………...91 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………96 Appendix 1……………………………………………………………………………….102 Appendix 2……………………………………………………………………………….107 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………...109 i Acknowledgments First and foremost, thank you to my advisor, Professor Victoria Langland, for her guidance and encouragement at every stage of this project from my initial thoughts to the end product. I would like to thank the LSA Honors Program and the History Department for generously providing funding for my research and writing. I am also thankful to my writing group, Maggie and Noah, for reading my many drafts and offering feedback at every step in the process. Many thanks to Emily for listening to me for a year and a half talking and brainstorming out loud, and for forcing me to always keep on working. -
Chile's Mining and Chemicals Industries
Global Outlook Chile’s Mining and Chemicals Industries Luis A. Cisternas With abundant mineral resources, Chile’s Univ. of Antofagasta Edelmira D. Gálvez chemicals industries are dominated by mining, Catholic Univ. of the North with many of its operations among the world’s most productive and important. hile’s chemicals industries consist of 300 companies producer. Chilean mining continues to reach unprecedented and some 400 products, with sales representing 4% levels — not only the mining of copper, but particularly Cof the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) and of nonmetallic ores. Recent growth has been supported by about 25% of all industrial contributions to the GDP (1). favorable economic policies and incentives for foreign inves- Chile’s major chemical exports include methanol, inorganic tors that were intended to overcome the lack of domestic compounds (nitrates, iodine, lithium products, sodium investment after Chile’s return to democracy in the 1990s. chloride), combustibles (gasoline, diesel, fuel oil), algae Chile’s main metallic and nonmetallic ore deposits are derivatives, and plastic resins (polypropylene, low-density located in the country’s northern regions, which are rich in polyethylene). However, the mining industry — consisting copper, gold, silver, and iron deposits, as well as salt lake of 100 large and medium-sized companies and more than mineral byproducts such as nitrates, boron, iodine, lithium, 1,600 mining operations (2) — dominates Chile’s chemical- and potassium. Chile’s abundance of mineral resources is industry landscape. These companies’ primary products remarkable: Its reserves constitute 6.7% of the world’s gold, include molybdenum, rhenium, iron, lithium, silver, gold, 12.1% of the molybdenum, 13.3% of the silver, 27.7% of the and — most important — copper. -
9789566095170.Pdf
1 2 Un protagonismo recobrado: la Democracia Cristiana chilena y sus vínculos internacionales (1973-1990) 3 4 Un protagonismo recobrado: la Democracia Cristiana chilena y sus vínculos internacionales (1973-1990) Olga Ulianova, Alessandro Santoni, Raffaele Nocera 5 Un protagonismo recobrado: la Democracia Cristiana chilena y sus vínculos internacionales (1973-1990) Olga Ulianova, Alessandro Santoni, Raffaele Nocera ISBN: 978-956-6095-17-0 Santiago de Chile, junio 2021 Primera edición https://doi.org/10.26448/ae9789566095170.3 Fotografía de portada: propiedad de Casa Museo Eduardo Frei Montalva, entidad a la que agradecemos la deferencia Diseño portada: Matías Villa Gestión editorial: Ariadna Ediciones http://ariadnaediciones.cl/ Obra bajo Licencia Creative Commons Atribución by Este libro cuenta con el auspicio del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile 6 Índice Agradecimientos………………...………………………....………9 Prólogo……………………………………………………………11 Introducción…...…………………………………………………13 Capítulo I Los años del aislamiento, 1973-75 El Partido Demócrata Cristiano después del golpe…………………25 Las tensiones con la DC italiana y la UMDC……………………….27 La posición de la CDU alemana……………………………………39 Estados Unidos, la financiación al PDC y la gira a Europa…………46 Un partido dividido. La acción del ala disidente…………………….51 Capítulo II El giro hacia la oposición, 1975-77 El PDC bajo la represión………...…………………………………57 La reanudación de las relaciones con la DC italiana….……………...59 La batalla por los Derechos Humanos y la relación con EE.UU……64 -
Trends and Treatment of Impurities in Copper Mining（PDF：8.0MB）
TRENDS AND TREATMENT OF IMPURITIES IN COPPER MINING Iván Valenzuela, General Manager, EcoMetales Limited October 16, 17, 2018 – Japan INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON IMPURITIES IN COPPER RAW MATERIAL Topics 1 2 3 GLOBAL FINAL ECOMETALES TRENDS REMARKS EcoMetales: Environmental solutions for the mining industry Arsenic An unresolved problem Structural Closed circuit:The Stricter problem: Most process of environmental norms new copper scorodite, or similar, for transporting and deposits have stable residue is processing complex a high arsenic not applied concentrates are content. extensively. expected EcoMetales: Environmental solutions for the mining industry Arsenic content concentrate output is growing fast: 0.13% in 2000 ...>0.20% in 2016...0.30% in 2020, according to ICSG Arsenic Chile is the world’s leading producer of content copper in concentrates with 24% of total Solvingin copper the arsenic problem is a prio- concentrates rit inarsenic Chile and problem is a priority14% 10% 5% 4% Perú Perú China Australia USA Chile should increase its share to 26% by 2030. Perú Chile • El Brocal (Buenaventura): 5 – 8% As • DMH (Codelco): 1 - 3% As • Cobriza (Doe Run): 0.4 – 0.6% As • Chuqui (Codelco): 0.5 – 2% As • Chinalco: 0.5 -1% As • El Teniente (Codelco): 0.15 - 0.20% As • Magistral (Nexa Resources) (*): 1% As • Collahuasi: paying penalties on higher As • Cañariaco (Candente Resources): 1% As (*) Projects; • Other projects: La Granja, Galeno SOURCES: Codelco, Cochilco, Anglo American, EcoMetales, ICSG EcoMetales: Environmental solutions for the -
Phoenix Copper Ltd
Phoenix Copper Ltd Potential world -class copper -gold-silver mine b y P a u l M y l c h r e e s t Phoenix Copper Ltd Table of contents Silver lining to strategy change ............................................................................................ 4 Silver first, copper second ................................................................................................. 6 Red Star silver mine – the new model ................................................................................ 8 Copper mine: phase 1 and valuation ................................................................................15 World-class project potential .............................................................................................17 Decades of prior exploration ..........................................................................................17 Located in “elephant country” ........................................................................................19 “Zero-ing in” – local knowledge .....................................................................................22 Similarities with Antamina ...............................................................................................24 Porphyry hunting ...............................................................................................................25 Appendix – management .....................................................................................................29 Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................31 -
UNIVERSIDADDECONCEPCI Ó N Geology of the MM Copper Deposit
U N I V E R S I D A D D E C O N C E P C I Ó N DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA 10° CONGRESO GEOLÓGICO CHILENO 2003 Geology of the MM Copper Deposit, Chuquicamata District – An Update Guillermo Müller and Jorge Quiroga Codelco Chile. Isidora Goyenechea 2934. Piso 5. Santiago, Chile ([email protected]) MM is a blind porphyry copper deposit covered by approximately 50 m of barren gravel. The central part of the deposit (MM Central) is located ~5 km north of Calama and 8 km south of Chuquicamata. Both shape and location of the MM deposit are related to a complex, NS-trending, 7-km long by ~300-m wide structural system that corresponds to the southern extension of the West Fault of Chuquicamata. To date, this central block has been explored with 100,000 m of diamond drill holes and 2.7 km of underground workings, with current geological resources amounting to 882 Mt @ 1.02% Cu, 15 ppm Ag, and 566 ppm As, for a cut-off grade of 0.25% Cu. The deposit remains open to the north, south and west. The discovery of mineralization west of Mina Sur and on the west side of the West Fault in a single hole by Anaconda in the 60’s, and later in four additional holes drilled by Codelco in the 80’s, suggested the possibility for a left-lateral offset of part of the Chuquicamata deposit and stimulated further drilling. The final discovery during the 90’s by Codelco, of at least 2 km of continous, in-situ “Chuqui-like” mineralization (the MM deposit) on the west side of the West Fault has modified the concept of the displacement, which is now under revision.