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Long, Noncoding RNA Dysregulation in Glioblastoma

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Long, Noncoding RNA Dysregulation in Glioblastoma Supplementary Materials Long, Noncoding RNA Dysregulation in Glioblastoma Patrick A. DeSouza, Xuan Qu, Hao Chen, Bhuvic Patel, Christopher A. Maher and Albert H. Kim Table S1. A survey of lncRNAs whose deregulated expression changes have been implicated in GBM. PubMed search terms: (“glioblastoma” OR “gbm”) AND (“long noncoding RNA” OR “lncRNA”). lncRNA Expression in GBM References Ren S, Xu Y. AC016405.3, a novel long noncoding RNA, acts as a tumor suppressor through modulation of TET2 by microRNA‐19a‐5p sponging AC016405.3 Downregulated in glioblastoma. Cancer Sci. 2019 May;110(5):1621‐1632. doi: 10.1111/cas.14002. Epub 2019 Apr 23. PMID: 30888082; PMCID: PMC6500966. Huang GH, Pei YC, Yang L, Mou KJ, Tang JH, Xiang Y, Liu J, Lv SQ. Inte‐ grative transcriptome analysis identified a BMP signaling pathway‐regu‐ AC068643.1 Downregulated lated lncRNA AC068643.1 in IDH mutant and wild‐type glioblastomas. Oncol Lett. 2020 Jul;20(1):75‐84. doi: 10.3892/ol.2020.11542. Epub 2020 Apr 15. PMID: 32565936; PMCID: PMC7285920. Yan Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Wang X, Zeng S, Zhao Z, Qian L, Li Z, Wei J, Huo L, Li X, Gong Z, Sun L. Novel Function of lncRNA ADAMTS9‐AS2 in Pro‐ ADAMTS9‐AS2 Upregulated moting Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma via Upregulating the FUS/MDM2 Ubiquitination Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Oct 2;7:217. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00217. PMID: 31632968; PMCID: PMC6783494. Luo W, Li X, Song Z, Zhu X, Zhao S. Long non‐coding RNA AGAP2‐AS1 exerts oncogenic properties in glioblastoma by epigenetically silencing TFPI2 through EZH2 and LSD1. Aging (Albany NY). 2019 Jun 11;11(11):3811‐3823. doi: 10.18632/aging.102018. PMID: 31186379; PMCID: AGAP2‐AS1 Upregulated PMC6594811. Tian Y, Zheng Y, Dong X. AGAP2‐AS1 serves as an oncogenic lncRNA and prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma multiforme. J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jun;120(6):9056‐9062. doi: 10.1002/jcb.28180. Epub 2018 Dec 7. PMID: 30525219. Liao K, Ma X, Chen B, Lu X, Hu Y, Lin Y, Huang R, Qiu Y. Upregulated AHIF‐mediated radioresistance in glioblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Feb 5;509(2):617‐623. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.136. Epub 2018 Dec 31. PMID: 30606477. AHIF Upregulated Dai X, Liao K, Zhuang Z, Chen B, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Lin G, Zhang F, Lin Y, Miao Y, Li Z, Huang R, Qiu Y, Lin R. AHIF promotes glioblastoma pro‐ gression and radioresistance via exosomes. Int J Oncol. 2019 Jan;54(1):261‐ 270. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4621. Epub 2018 Nov 2. PMID: 30387845. Wang Z, Wang L, Liang Z, Xi Y. Long Non‐Coding RNA BCAR4 Pro‐ motes Growth, Invasion and Tumorigenicity by Targeting miR‐2276 to BCAR4 Upregulated Upregulate MMP7 Expression in Glioma. Onco Targets Ther. 2019 Dec 12;12:10963‐10973. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S226026. PMID: 31849498; PMCID: PMC6913310. Lv X, Gu C, Guo S. Activation of BDNF‐AS/ADAR/p53 Positive Feedback Loop Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation. Neurochem Res. 2020 BDNF‐AS Downregulated Feb;45(2):508‐518. doi: 10.1007/s11064‐019‐02943‐w. Epub 2020 Jan 14. PMID: 31939089. Cancers 2021, 13, 1604. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071604 www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers Cancers 2021, 13, 1604 2 of 14 Skiriute D, Stakaitis R, Steponaitis G, Tamasauskas A, Vaitkiene P. The Role of CASC2 and miR‐21 Interplay in Glioma Malignancy and Patient Outcome. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 27;21(21):7962. doi: 10.3390/ijms21217962. CASC2 Downregulated PMID: 33120918; PMCID: PMC7663706. Wang J, Qin C, Zhong C, Wen Y, Ke S, Liao BO. Long non‐coding RNA CASC2 targeting miR‐18a suppresses glioblastoma cell growth, metastasis and EMT in vitro and in vivo. J Biosci. 2020;45:107. PMID: 32975234. Zhou Y, Dai W, Wang H, Pan H, Wang Q. Long non‐coding RNA CASP5 promotes the malignant phenotypes of human glioblastoma multiforme. CASP5 Upregulated Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Jun 12;500(4):966‐972. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.217. Epub 2018 May 2. PMID: 29715460. Lou J, Hao Y, Lin K, Lyu Y, Chen M, Wang H, Zou D, Jiang X, Wang R, Jin D, Lam EW, Shao S, Liu Q, Yan J, Wang X, Chen P, Zhang B, Jin B. Circu‐ CDR1as Downregulated lar RNA CDR1as disrupts the p53/MDM2 complex to inhibit Gliomagene‐ sis. Mol Cancer. 2020 Sep 7;19(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s12943‐020‐01253‐y. PMID: 32894144; PMCID: PMC7487905. Kiang KMY, Leung GKK. Clinical significance of CRNDE transcript vari‐ ants in glioblastoma multiforme. Noncoding RNA Res. 2017 Jul CRNDE Upregulated 26;2(2):119‐121. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2017.07.001. PMID: 30159429; PMCID: PMC6096424. Hu S, Yao Y, Hu X, Zhu Y. LncRNA DCST1‐AS1 downregulates miR‐29b through methylation in glioblastoma (GBM) to promote cancer cell prolif‐ DCST1‐AS1 Upregulated eration. Clin Transl Oncol. 2020 Dec;22(12):2230‐2235. doi: 10.1007/s12094‐ 020‐02363‐1. Epub 2020 May 16. PMID: 32418155. Wu X, Hou P, Qiu Y, Wang Q, Lu X. Large‐Scale Analysis Reveals the Spe‐ cific Clinical and Immune Features of DGCR5 in Glioma. Onco Targets Ther. 2020 Jul 31;13:7531‐7543. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S257050. PMID: 32801772; PMCID: PMC7402863. DGCR5 Downregulated Yang F, Huang YL. DGCR5 suppresses the EMT of pediatric primary glio‐ blastoma multiforme cell and serves as a prognostic biomarker. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Nov;23(22):10024‐10034. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201911_19569. PMID: 31799672. Liu X, Chen R, Liu L. SP1‐DLEU1‐miR‐4429 feedback loop promotes cell proliferative and anti‐apoptotic abilities in human glioblastoma. Biosci Rep. 2019 Dec 20;39(12):BSR20190994. doi: 10.1042/BSR20190994. PMID: 31713587; PMCID: PMC6900472. DLEU1 Upregulated Wang J, Quan X, Peng D, Hu G. Long non‐coding RNA DLEU1 promotes cell proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Med Rep. 2019 Aug;20(2):1873‐1882. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10428. Epub 2019 Jun 26. PMID: 31257517. Dong ZQ, Guo ZY, Xie J. The lncRNA EGFR‐AS1 is linked to migration, invasion and apoptosis in glioma cells by targeting miR‐133b/RACK1. Bio‐ EGFR‐AS1 Upregulated med Pharmacother. 2019 Oct;118:109292. doi: 10.1016/j.bio‐ pha.2019.109292. Epub 2019 Aug 20. PMID: 31545240. Li J, Zhang Q, Ge P, Zeng C, Lin F, Wang W, Zhao J. FAM225B Is a Prog‐ nostic lncRNA for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma. Dis Markers. FAM225B Upregulated 2020 Nov 22;2020:8888085. doi: 10.1155/2020/8888085. PMID: 33299501; PMCID: PMC7704151. Luo L, Zhang Y, He H, Chen C, Zhang B, Cai M. LncRNA FEZF1‐AS1 Sponges miR‐34a to Upregulate Notch‐1 in Glioblastoma. Cancer Manag FEZF1‐AS1 Upregulated Res. 2020 Mar 11;12:1827‐1833. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S240531. PMID: 32210625; PMCID: PMC7075242. Cancers 2021, 13, 1604 3 of 14 Su D, Ji Z, Xue P, Guo S, Jia Q, Sun H. Long‐Noncoding RNA FGD5‐AS1 Enhances the Viability, Migration, and Invasion of Glioblastoma Cells by Regulating the miR‐103a‐3p/TPD52 Axis. Cancer Manag Res. 2020 Jul 27;12:6317‐6329. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S253467. PMID: 32848452; PMCID: FGD5‐AS1 Upregulated PMC7425657. Wu L, Zhu X, Song Z, Guo M, Liang J, Yan D. FGD5‐AS1 facilitates glio‐ blastoma progression by activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling via regulat‐ ing miR‐129‐5p/HNRNPK axis. Life Sci. 2020 Sep 1;256:117998. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117998. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID: 32585241. Gao W, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Liu F. Long non‐coding RNA FLVCR1‐AS1 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion by nega‐ FLVCR1‐AS1 Upregulated tively regulating miR‐30b‐3p. Mol Med Rep. 2020 Aug;22(2):723‐732. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11149. Epub 2020 May 15. PMID: 32626942; PMCID: PMC7339652. Chen HH, Zong J, Wang SJ. LncRNA GAPLINC promotes the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma by sponging miR‐331‐3p. Eur Rev Med Phar‐ GAPLINC Upregulated macol Sci. 2019 Jan;23(1):262‐270. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201901_16772. PMID: 30657584. Wang Y, Xin S, Zhang K, Shi R, Bao X. Low GAS5 Levels as a Predictor of Poor Survival in Patients with Lower‐Grade Gliomas. J Oncol. 2019 Feb GAS5 Downregulated 3;2019:1785042. doi: 10.1155/2019/1785042. PMID: 30853980; PMCID: PMC6377997. Xiao Y, Zhu Z, Li J, Yao J, Jiang H, Ran R, Li X, Li Z. Expression and prog‐ nostic value of long non‐coding RNA H19 in glioma via integrated bioin‐ formatics analyses. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Feb 20;12(4):3407‐3430. doi: 10.18632/aging.102819. Epub 2020 Feb 20. PMID: 32081833; PMCID: PMC7066912. Li W, Jiang P, Sun X, Xu S, Ma X, Zhan R. Suppressing H19 Modulates Tu‐ morigenicity and Stemness in U251 and U87MG Glioma Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2016 Nov;36(8):1219‐1227. doi: 10.1007/s10571‐015‐0320‐5. Epub 2016 Mar 16. PMID: 26983719; PMCID: PMC5047947. H19 Upregulated Jiang X, Yan Y, Hu M, Chen X, Wang Y, Dai Y, Wu D, Wang Y, Zhuang Z, Xia H. Increased level of H19 long noncoding RNA promotes invasion, angiogenesis, and stemness of glioblastoma cells. J Neurosurg. 2016 Jan;124(1):129‐36. doi: 10.3171/2014.12.JNS1426. Epub 2015 Aug 14. PMID: 26274999. Wu W, Hu Q, Nie E, Yu T, Wu Y, Zhi T, Jiang K, Shen F, Wang Y, Zhang J, You Y. Hypoxia induces H19 expression through direct and indirect Hif‐ 1α activity, promoting oncogenic effects in glioblastoma. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 22;7:45029.
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