DOCSLIB.ORG

Synthesis of Liebigite and Andersonite, and Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Synthesis of Liebigite and Andersonite, and Study 1.67 Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 31, pp. 167-171(t993) SYNTHESISOF LIEBIGITEAND ANDERSONITE, ANDSTUDY OFTHEIRTHERMAL BEHAVIOR AND LUMINESCENCE RENATID VOCHTEN I' Inboratorium voor chemischeenfusische mineralogie, Ilniversiteit Antwerpen(RUCA), Middelheimlann B - 2020AntwerPen, Belgium LAURENTVAN HAVERBEKE 1, Laboratoriumvoor anorganischechtmie, UniversiteitAnwerpen (RUCA),Groenenborgerlaan 17 B - 2020AnwerPen, Belgium KARELVAN SPRINGEL I' Iaboratorium voor chemischeenfusische m.ineralogie, Universiteit Annverpen (RUCA)' Middelheimlaan B - 2020AntwerPen, Belgium ABS'IRAC| TheirH2o content, Andersoniteand liebigite weresynthesized starting from tetrasodiumuranyl tricarbonate[NaaUO2(CO3)3]. a bandgapenergy studiedby thermatanal/sis, is estimatedto be 10.5and 6 moles,respectivet. From the fluorescencespectr4 of approximately2.5 eV wascalculated. It is not affectedby temperature' Keywords:liebigite, andersonite,syntheses' thermal behavior, fluorescence' SOMMAIRE Leur teneuren Nous avonssynth6tis6 I'andersonite et la liebigite i partir du tricarbonateuranyl6 de sodiumfNaaUO2(COr)rl' l'6nergie H2O,6tudi& pal. uoulyr" thermique,serait de ldj et 6moles, respectivement.n!nO| les spectresde fluorescence, caicul6ede lai6paration entrebandes serait d'environ 2.5 eV. Elle ne semblepas affect6e par la temp€rature'. (Traduit Parla R6daction) Mots-cl6s:andersonite, liebigite, synthbses,comportement thermique, fluorescence' INTRODUC"I]ON Germany(Walenta 1977) andin the orebody of theTono mine,Gifu, Japan@4atsubwa1976). Several syntheses ofliebigite andandersoniie have been described starting In theuranyl carbonate system, the liebigite groupcan from oure chemicals (Blinkoff 1906, Axekod et al' be representedby the generalformula: R[UO2(CO3)3]' 1951,Bachelet et al. 1952,Meyrowitz & Ross 1961, nH2O.In this formula, R representsNarCa in anderson- Meyrowitzet al. 1963,dejka 1969,Coda et al. -1981)- ile, Ca, in liebigite, CaMg in swartzite, and Mg2 in in the presentpaper, a new methodof s;'nthesisof bayleyite,and n has a correspondingvalue of 6' 10 or andersoniteand liebigite is described,starting from the 11,12 wtd18, respectively. On thebasis of thestability complex tetrasodium uranyl trigSrbonqe diagrams(Alwan & Williams 1980),it may be expected Naa[UOr(CO3)r].This methodof synthesisallows-the that liebigite and andersonitecan coexist.Associations preparationof sufficientquantities of both minerals. The of liebigite and andersonitehave been found at the iOentityof the specieswas verified by X-ray diffraction Hillside mine,Yavapai County, Arizona (Axelrod el a/. andby chemicaland thermogravimetricanalyses. 1951) and at Stripa, Vdstrnanland,Sweden (Wellin 1958). Andersoniteoccurs by itself in the gypsum depositsof Myrthengraben,Semmering' Austria (Tufar SYNTmSIS 1967) and Jachymov,Czechoslovakia (Cejka & Ur- banec 1988).Liebigite also occurs at Shinkolobwe' ShabaZaire (Deliens 1985), Miillenbach, BlackForest, In this section,we discussthe synthesisof tetraso- 168 T}IE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST dium uranyl tricarbonate (NauTC) and its further rA3Lr1. cHErdrcArrcoMposrrroNoFsyNxEETrcLrEBrcrrEAND conversion into liebigite and andersonite EBSoNITE Synthesisof tetrasodiumuranyl tricarbonate Lieblgtte A!demDlte rc. of atomlc m. of atodc NaUTCwas synthesized atroom temperatureaccord- atoml mtlo atom0 mdo ing to the method of Blake et al. (1956), slightly cao' r5,29 0,2128 X.93 Nr2O 9.80 0.1580 2.06 modified to obtain pure crystals.These were washed UO: 39.60 0.1384 0.98 CaO 8.S2 0.1590 1.03 coz 18.97 0.40U 3.05 UO3 M.29 0.1548 1.00 with 2M NaCl. In this way, crystalsfree of any Na2CO3 f,zo 28.53 ' caz 20.10 0.4568 2.58 were obtained. The residual NaCl was subsequentlv E2o 78,72 Tolal 100.39 removedby dissolutionin a 50/50ethanol-water mix- 9S.83 ture. The identity of the air-dried NaUTC crystalswas . verified by chemicalanalysis and by comparisonof the ca2lUO2(co3)31 X0-11820 N%caIUo2(co3)31.8s2o X-ray-diffraction data with those given by Douglas (1956). I t! spight S. I Ume tO4. Conversionof NaUTC into liebigite and andersonite X-Rav CRYSTAIOGRAPHY Accordingto the stability fields of the mineralsof the liebigitegroup (Alwan & Williams 1980),andersonite X-ray-diffraction datawere recorded at 40 kV and20 can only be formed at a high NayCa} concentration mA usingCuKcrl radiation (1, = 1.540564).The diffrac- ratio, whereasliebigite is formed at a low Na*/Ca2* tion patternswere recorded by meansof a Guinier-Hiigg concentrationratio. This was confirmed in our experi- c,rmer4with a diameterof 100 mm. Silicon powder men$. (NBS640)was used as an intemal standard.The relative Two gramsof NaUTCwere dissolved in 100mL of intensitiesof the diffraction lines were measuredwitl a 0.04M CaCl2and left to evaporateat25oC in an open Carl ZeissJena MDl00 microdensitometer.Usine the vessel.After oneweek, well-formed hemimomhic crvs- cell parametersof liebigite(space group Bba2), .virth a tals of liebigite startedto grow. After 3 weetcs,typical 16.699,b 17.557and c 13.697A(Mereiter 1982), and cubic crystalsof andersonitewere formed as a result of thoseof andersonite(space group R3m), wrth a 17.902 the changedNa+/Ca2+ concentration ratio. andc 23.7344 (Codaet al. 1981),rhe powderpatierns The formationof liebigite can be written as: were indexed with the computer program of Visser (1969). 2Ca2++ [uo2(co3)3]4-+ l0H2o --> For both syntheticspecimens, all the observed Ca2[UO2(CO)3].10H2O reflectionscould be indexed,with AQo6,< AQd" (Ae The tranformationof liebigite into andersonitecan be 0.05'), in agreementwith PDF20-1092 and 1I-246. representedas: The densities of the two synthetic minerals were Ca2[UO2(CO)3].l0H2O+ 2Na+ --) measuredin tolueneat 25'C + 0. I by meansof a Cahn Electrobalance Na2Ca[UO2(CO)3].6H2O+ C*+ + 4H"O RG. The measureddensity of anderson- It should be mentioned that the formation of an ite is 2.834 t 0.005 g/cm3,which agreeswith the intermediatephase, consisting of lath-like crystals,was calculatedvalue of 2.860g/cm3, corresponding to Z = observed,as previously reportedby Meyrowia et al. 18.For liebigite,a densityof 2.416t 0.005g/cm3 was (1963).The study of theintermediate compound will be found,which corresponds to Z=8, the subjectof a separatepaper. The crystalsof liebigite The morphologyof andersoniteand liebigite crystals and andersonitewere handpicked. is shownin theelectron micrographs @igs. lA, B). The dimensionsof theliebigite crystals range from 0.1to 0.6 CnBnarcelCoMposmoN mm,whereas thoseof andersonite range from 0.051o 0.1 mm.The crystalsof andersoniteare clearly pseudocubic, and thoseof liebigite have a pronOuncedhemimorphic The air-dried syntheticspecimens were dissolvedin morphology(Mereiter 1986). 6 M HCl. The Na2Oand CaO contentwas determined by atomicabsorption spectroscopy (AAS), whereasUO3 was determinedspectrophotometrically with Arsenazo Thermslbehavior Itr as the reagent,the optical densitiesbeing measured at662.5 nm (Singer & Matucha1962).Tl-rcH2O and CO2 Concerningthe water content of the two minerals, contentswere measured on separatesamples by thermo- there is some confusion in the literature. Synthetic gravimetric analysis.Table I summarizesthe results. liebigite having-10 moles of H20 was describedby From the compositionin terms of oxides,the chemical Frondel(1958), Cejka & Urbanec(1979) nd Alwan & formulae were calculated by the classic method of Williams(1980). Appleman (1956) and Meyrowitzet al. residualoxygen. (1963)suggested a watercontent ranging berween 10 SYNTHESISOF LIEBIGITE AND ANDERSOMIE t69 100 Frc. 1. SEM micrographsof syntheticcrystals of liebigite (A) andandersonite (B). scale b4r: Fm. and l l moles of HrO. For synthetic andersonite,the Na2Ca[UO2(CO3)3]'6H2O 25-150"C watercontent was studied by a numbe.rof investigators -tilroo'" (dejka1969, Urbanec & dejka1979,Cejkaet a/. 1987). Na2ca[uo2(cot3]'H2o Theseauthors accept a water contentranging between ----------) 5.4 and5.8 molesof HrO. NarCa[UO2(CO)r] 300-1000'Coxides The thermalstability of both syntheticminerals was (TGA) investigated by thermogravimetric analyses Since liebigite does not **in *r.t'uf cavities (DSC). combinedwith differential scanningcalorimery (Mereiter l98t), and andersoniteis structurallycharac- was used, A DuPontDSC9IO and TGA95I apparatus ierized by the presenceof channelsalong the three-fold flow of N2 with an appliedheating rate of 5'C/min anda axis (Coda it al. l98l), the water molecules are atwhich of 30 mUmin. In orderto detectthe temperature structurallybonded in liebigite, whereasin andersonite, passed CO2is liberared,the outlet of the gas-streamwas zeolitic water may occur. througha solutionof Ba(OH)2.The results,summarized in Table 2, showthat syntheticliebigite andandersonite contain10.53 and 5.99 moles of H2O,respectively. Luminescencesqectra The decompositionof liebigite and andersoniteas be representedas: function of temperaturecan Both synthetic specimensfluoresce intensely blue- green bolh under short- and long-wave ultraviolet Caz[UOu(CO:)3]'llH2O 25-150'C iudiution. The fluorescencespectra were recordedby meansof a Perkin-Elmer MPS44B spectrofluorimeter Ca2[UO2(CO)3]'H2O 150-300"C at298 and77 K, with an excitationwavelength of 366 nm. CazlUOz(CO:)rl :OO-tOO0do*id", The slight differencesin the fluorescencespectra are -_---t characterizedby the modeof bonding of the U ator-nin the crystal structure.No phosphorescence.could.be detectedfor either specimensin a measuringinterval of 2 ms.The spectrafor syntheticliebigite andandersonite TABLX 2. BESULTS OF TSEAII@BAVIMSrBIC ANAI,YSES aI 298 and77 K are representedin Figures 2 aad
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Significance of Mineralogy in the Development of Flowsheets for Processing Uranium Ores
    JfipwK LEACHING TIME REAGENTS TEMPERATURE FLOCCULANT CLARITY AREA COUNTER CURRENT DECANTATION It 21 21 J^^LJt TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No.19 6 Significance of Mineralogy in the Development of Flowsheets for Processing Uranium Ores \W# INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1980 SIGNIFICANCE OF MINERALOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLOWSHEETS FOR PROCESSING URANIUM ORES The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN HOLY SEE PHILIPPINES ALBANIA HUNGARY POLAND ALGERIA ICELAND PORTUGAL ARGENTINA INDIA QATAR AUSTRALIA INDONESIA ROMANIA AUSTRIA IRAN SAUDI ARABIA BANGLADESH IRAQ SENEGAL BELGIUM IRELAND SIERRA LEONE BOLIVIA ISRAEL SINGAPORE BRAZIL ITALY SOUTH AFRICA BULGARIA IVORY COAST SPAIN BURMA JAMAICA SRI LANKA BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET JAPAN SUDAN SOCIALIST REPUBLIC JORDAN SWEDEN CANADA KENYA SWITZERLAND CHILE KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA KUWAIT THAILAND COSTA RICA LEBANON TUNISIA CUBA LIBERIA TURKEY CYPRUS LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA UGANDA CZECHOSLOVAKIA LIECHTENSTEIN UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA LUXEMBOURG REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S MADAGASCAR UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF KOREA MALAYSIA REPUBLICS DENMARK MALI UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT ECUADOR MEXICO BRITAIN AND NORTHERN EGYPT MONACO IRELAND EL SALVADOR MONGOLIA UNITED REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA MOROCCO CAMEROON FINLAND NETHERLANDS UNITED REPUBLIC OF FRANCE NEW ZEALAND TANZANIA GABON NICARAGUA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC NIGER URUGUAY GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA VENEZUELA GHANA NORWAY VIET NAM GREECE PAKISTAN YUGOSLAVIA GUATEMALA PANAMA ZAIRE HAITI PARAGUAY ZAMBIA PERU The Agency's Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957.
    [Show full text]
  • Uraninite Alteration in an Oxidizing Environment and Its Relevance to the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel
    TECHNICAL REPORT 91-15 Uraninite alteration in an oxidizing environment and its relevance to the disposal of spent nuclear fuel Robert Finch, Rodney Ewing Department of Geology, University of New Mexico December 1990 SVENSK KÄRNBRÄNSLEHANTERING AB SWEDISH NUCLEAR FUEL AND WASTE MANAGEMENT CO BOX 5864 S-102 48 STOCKHOLM TEL 08-665 28 00 TELEX 13108 SKB S TELEFAX 08-661 57 19 original contains color illustrations URANINITE ALTERATION IN AN OXIDIZING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL Robert Finch, Rodney Ewing Department of Geology, University of New Mexico December 1990 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports from 1977-1978 (TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR 81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32) and 1989 (TR 89-40) is available through SKB. URANINITE ALTERATION IN AN OXIDIZING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL Robert Finch Rodney Ewing Department of Geology University of New Mexico Submitted to Svensk Kämbränslehantering AB (SKB) December 21,1990 ABSTRACT Uraninite is a natural analogue for spent nuclear fuel because of similarities in structure (both are fluorite structure types) and chemistry (both are nominally UOJ. Effective assessment of the long-term behavior of spent fuel in a geologic repository requires a knowledge of the corrosion products produced in that environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Iidentilica2tion and Occurrence of Uranium and Vanadium Identification and Occurrence of Uranium and Vanadium Minerals from the Colorado Plateaus
    IIdentilica2tion and occurrence of uranium and Vanadium Identification and Occurrence of Uranium and Vanadium Minerals From the Colorado Plateaus c By A. D. WEEKS and M. E. THOMPSON A CONTRIBUTION TO THE GEOLOGY OF URANIUM GEOLOGICAL S U R V E Y BULL E TIN 1009-B For jeld geologists and others having few laboratory facilities.- This report concerns work done on behalf of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission and is published with the permission of the Commission. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1954 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE- INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan. Director Reprint, 1957 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Ofice Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 29 29 30 30 31 32 33 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 , 40 41 42 42 1v CONTENTS Page 46 47 48 49 50 50 51 52 53 54 54 55 56 56 57 58 58 59 62 TABLES TABLE1. Optical properties of uranium minerals ______________________ 44 2. List of mine and mining district names showing county and State________________________________________---------- 60 IDENTIFICATION AND OCCURRENCE OF URANIUM AND VANADIUM MINERALS FROM THE COLORADO PLATEAUS By A. D. WEEKSand M. E. THOMPSON ABSTRACT This report, designed to make available to field geologists and others informa- tion obtained in recent investigations by the Geological Survey on identification and occurrence of uranium minerals of the Colorado Plateaus, contains descrip- tions of the physical properties, X-ray data, and in some instances results of chem- ical and spectrographic analysis of 48 uranium arid vanadium minerals.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
    Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page.
    [Show full text]
  • ~Ui&£R5itt! of J\Rij!Oua
    Minerals and metals of increasing interest, rare and radioactive minerals Authors Moore, R.T. Rights Arizona Geological Survey. All rights reserved. Download date 06/10/2021 17:57:35 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/629904 Vol. XXIV, No.4 October, 1953 ~ui&£r5itt! of J\rij!oua ~ul1etiu ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES MINERALS AND METALS OF INCREASING INTEREST RARE AND RADIOACTIVE MINERALS By RICHARD T. MOORE ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES MINERAL TECHNOLOGY SERIES No. 47 BULLETIN No. 163 THIRTY CENTS (Free to Residents of Arizona) PUBLISHED BY ~tti£ll~r5itt! of ~rh!Omt TUCSON, ARIZONA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 Acknowledgments 5 General Features 5 BERYLLIUM 7 General Features 7 Beryllium Minerals 7 Beryl 7 Phenacite 8 Gadolinite 8 Helvite 8 Occurrence 8 Prices and Possible Buyers ,........................................ 8 LITHIUM 9 General Features 9 Lithium Minerals 9 Amblygonite 9 Spodumene 10 Lepidolite 10 Triphylite 10 Zinnwaldite 10 Occurrence 10 Prices and Possible Buyers 10 CESIUM AND RUBIDIUM 11 General Features 11 Cesium and Rubidium Minerals 11 Pollucite ..................•.........................................................................., 11 Occurrence 12 Prices and Producers 12 TITANIUM 12 General Features 12 Titanium Minerals 13 Rutile 13 Ilmenite 13 Sphene 13 Occurrence 13 Prices and Buyers 14 GALLIUM, GERMANIUM, INDIUM, AND THALLIUM 14 General Features 14 Gallium, Germanium, Indium and Thallium Minerals 15 Germanite 15 Lorandite 15 Hutchinsonite : 15 Vrbaite 15 Occurrence 15 Prices and Producers ~ 16 RHENIUM 16
    [Show full text]
  • Thermodynamics of Uranyl Minerals: Enthalpies of Formation of Rutherfordine, UO2CO3
    American Mineralogist, Volume 90, pages 1284–1290, 2005 Thermodynamics of uranyl minerals: Enthalpies of formation of rutherfordine, UO2CO3, andersonite, Na2CaUO2(CO3)3(H2O)5, and grimselite, K3NaUO2(CO3)3H2O KARRIE-ANN KUBATKO,1 KATHERYN B. HELEAN,2 ALEXANDRA NAVROTSKY,2 AND PETER C. BURNS1,* 1Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, U.S.A. 2Thermochemistry Facility and NEAT ORU, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Enthalpies of formation of rutherfordine, UO2CO3, andersonite, Na2CaUO2(CO3)3(H2O)5, and grimselite, K3NaUO2(CO3)3(H2O), have been determined using high-temperature oxide melt solution Δ calorimetry. The enthalpy of formation of rutherfordine from the binary oxides, Hr-ox, is –99.1 ± 4.2 Δ kJ/mol for the reaction UO3 (xl, 298 K) + CO2 (g, 298 K) = UO2CO3 (xl, 298 K). The Hr-ox for ander- sonite is –710.4 ± 9.1 kJ/mol for the reaction Na2O (xl, 298 K) + CaO (xl, 298 K) + UO3 (xl, 298 K) Δ + 3CO2 (g, 298 K) + 5H2O (l, 298 K) = Na2CaUO2(CO3)3(H2O)6 (xl, 298 K). The Hr-ox for grimselite is –989.3 ± 14.0 kJ/mol for the reaction 1.5 K2O (xl, 298 K) + 0.5Na2O (xl, 298 K) + UO3 (xl, 298 K) + 3CO2 (g, 298 K) + H2O (l, 298 K) = K3NaUO2(CO3)3H2O (xl, 298 K). The standard enthalpies of Δ formation from the elements, Hº,f are –1716.4 ± 4.2, –5593.6 ± 9.1, and –4431.6 ± 15.3 kJ/mol for rutherfordine, andersonite, and grimselite, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Occurrence of Uranium and Vanadium Minerals from the Colorado Plateaus
    SpColl £2' 1 Energy I TEl 334 Identification and Occurrence of Uranium and Vanadium Minerals from the Colorado Plateaus ~ By A. D. Weeks and M. E. Thompson ~ I"\ ~ ~ Trace Elements Investigations Report 334 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN REPLY REFER TO: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON 25, D. C. AUG 12 1953 Dr. PhilUp L. Merritt, Assistant Director Division of Ra1'r Materials U. S. AtoTILic Energy Commission. P. 0. Box 30, Ansonia Station New· York 23, Nei< York Dear Phil~ Transmitted herewith are six copies oi' TEI-334, "Identification and occurrence oi' uranium and vanadium minerals i'rom the Colorado Plateaus," by A , D. Weeks and M. E. Thompson, April 1953 • We are asking !41'. Hosted to approve our plan to publish this re:por t as a C.i.rcular .. Sincerely yours, Ak~f777.~ W. H. ~radley Chief' Geologist UNCLASSIFIED Geology and Mineralogy This document consists or 69 pages. Series A. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IDENTIFICATION AND OCCURRENCE OF URANIUM AND VANADIUM MINERALS FROM TEE COLORADO PLATEAUS* By A• D. Weeks and M. E. Thompson April 1953 Trace Elements Investigations Report 334 This preliminary report is distributed without editorial and technical review for conformity with ofricial standards and nomenclature. It is not for public inspection or guotation. *This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the u. s. Atomic Energy Commission 2 USGS GEOLOGY AllU MINEFALOGY Distribution (Series A) No. of copies American Cyanamid Company, Winchester 1 Argulllle National La:boratory ., ., .......
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Uranium and Associated Ore Deposits Central Part of the Front Range Mineral Belt Colorado by P
    Geology of Uranium and Associated Ore Deposits Central Part of the Front Range Mineral Belt Colorado By P. K. SIMS and others GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 371 Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thoma~B.Nobn,D~ec~r The U.S. Geological Survey Library catalog card for this publication appears after page 119 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 PREFACE This report is bused on fieldwork in the central part of the Front Range mineral belt between 1951 and 1956 by geologists of the U.S. Geological Survey on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Co1nmission. The work was cn.rriecl on by nine authors working in different parts of the region. Therefore, although the senior author is responsible for the sections of the report thn,t are not ascribed to inclividualrnembers, the entire report embodies the efrorts of the group, which consisted of F. C. Armstrong, A. A. Drake, Jr., J. E. Harrison, C. C. Hawley, R. H. l\1oench, F. B. l\1oore, P. K. Sims, E. W. Tooker, and J. D. Wells. III CONTENTS Page Page Abstract------------------------------------------- 1 Uranium deposits-Continued Introduction ______________________________ - _______ _ 2 ~ineralogy-Continued Purpose and scope of report _____________________ _ 2 Zippeite and betazippeite ___________________ _ 39 Geography ____________________________________ _ 2 Schroeckingerite
    [Show full text]
  • A Specific Gravity Index for Minerats
    A SPECIFICGRAVITY INDEX FOR MINERATS c. A. MURSKyI ern R. M. THOMPSON, Un'fuersityof Bri.ti,sh Col,umb,in,Voncouver, Canad,a This work was undertaken in order to provide a practical, and as far as possible,a complete list of specific gravities of minerals. An accurate speciflc cravity determination can usually be made quickly and this information when combined with other physical properties commonly leads to rapid mineral identification. Early complete but now outdated specific gravity lists are those of Miers given in his mineralogy textbook (1902),and Spencer(M,i,n. Mag.,2!, pp. 382-865,I}ZZ). A more recent list by Hurlbut (Dana's Manuatr of M,i,neral,ogy,LgE2) is incomplete and others are limited to rock forming minerals,Trdger (Tabel,l,enntr-optischen Best'i,mmungd,er geste,i,nsb.ildend,en M,ineral,e, 1952) and Morey (Encycto- ped,iaof Cherni,cal,Technol,ogy, Vol. 12, 19b4). In his mineral identification tables, smith (rd,entifi,cati,onand. qual,itatioe cherai,cal,anal,ys'i,s of mineral,s,second edition, New york, 19bB) groups minerals on the basis of specificgravity but in each of the twelve groups the minerals are listed in order of decreasinghardness. The present work should not be regarded as an index of all known minerals as the specificgravities of many minerals are unknown or known only approximately and are omitted from the current list. The list, in order of increasing specific gravity, includes all minerals without regard to other physical properties or to chemical composition. The designation I or II after the name indicates that the mineral falls in the classesof minerals describedin Dana Systemof M'ineralogyEdition 7, volume I (Native elements, sulphides, oxides, etc.) or II (Halides, carbonates, etc.) (L944 and 1951).
    [Show full text]
  • Crystal Chemistry and Structural Complexity of Natural and Synthetic Uranyl Selenites
    Review Crystal Chemistry and Structural Complexity of Natural and Synthetic Uranyl Selenites Vladislav V. Gurzhiy 1,*, Ivan V. Kuporev 1, Vadim M. Kovrugin 1, Mikhail N. Murashko 1, Anatoly V. Kasatkin 2 and Jakub Plášil 3 1 Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; [email protected] (I.V.K.); [email protected] (V.M.K.); [email protected] (M.N.M.) 2 Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy pr. 18, 2, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation; [email protected] 3 Institute of Physics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, Praha 8, 18221, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] Received: 10 November 2019; Accepted: 28 November 2019; Published: 30 November 2019 Abstract: Comparison of the natural and synthetic phases allows an overview to be made and even an understanding of the crystal growth processes and mechanisms of the particular crystal structure formation. Thus, in this work, we review the crystal chemistry of the family of uranyl selenite compounds, paying special attention to the pathways of synthesis and topological analysis of the known crystal structures. Comparison of the isotypic natural and synthetic uranyl-bearing compounds suggests that uranyl selenite mineral formation requires heating, which most likely can be attributed to the radioactive decay. Structural complexity studies revealed that the majority of synthetic compounds have the topological symmetry of uranyl selenite building blocks equal to the structural symmetry, which means that the highest symmetry of uranyl complexes is preserved regardless of the interstitial filling of the structures.
    [Show full text]
  • How Geochemical Modelling Helps Understanding Processes in Mine Water Treatment Plants – Examples from Former Uranium Mining Sites in Germany
    Lappeenranta, Finland Mine Water and Circular Economy IMWA 2017 How geochemical modelling helps understanding processes in mine water treatment plants – examples from former uranium mining sites in Germany Anne Weber1, Andrea Kassahun2 1 GFI Grundwasser-Consulting-Institut GmbH Dresden, Meraner Straße 10, 01217 Dresden, Germany, [email protected] 2Wismut GmbH, Jagdschänkenstraße 29, 09117 Chemnitz, Germany Abstract Mine waters from former uranium mining sites in Germany contain high concentrations of metal(loids). They are treated by lime precipitation and adsorption technologies. In this work well- defined lab scale experiments were modelled to elucidate reaction networks and their susceptibility to varying water composition. Both treatment technologies involve mineral precipitation-dissolution, gas exchange, surface complexation at ferrihydrite. It was shown that the formation of alkaline earth uranyl carbonato complexes and the precipitation of liebigite-group minerals determine uranium retention in WISMUT’s mine water treatment operations. Sensitivity towards sludge composition and stability of arsenic sorption even at reducing conditions were derived from scenario simulations. Key words: mine water treatment, geochemical modelling, uranium, arsenic Introduction In the course of remediation of the former Eastern German uranium mining sites, WIS- MUT GmbH operates six water treatment plants (WTPs). More than 25 Mm³ of tailings management facility seepage and mine waters are treated annually to remove site specific contaminants (e.g. uranium, radium, arsenic, iron, manganese). Modified lime precipita- tion is the prevailing technology, immobilizing contaminants by lime addition and induced precipitation of ferrihydrite Fe(OH)3. Evolving changes in mine water composition will influence the efficiency of water treatment with respect to the specific contaminants and require adjustments in the treatment technol- ogies.
    [Show full text]
  • Minerals of Arizona Report
    MINERALS OF ARIZONA by Frederic W. Galbraith and Daniel J. Brennan THE ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES Price One Dollar Free to Residents of Arizona Bulletin 181 1970 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA TUCSON TABLE OF CONT'ENTS EIements .___ 1 FOREWORD Sulfides ._______________________ 9 As a service about mineral matters in Arizona, the Arizona Bureau Sulfosalts ._. .___ __ 22 of Mines, University of Arizona, is pleased to reprint the long-standing booklet on MINERALS OF ARIZONA. This basic journal was issued originally in 1941, under the authorship of Dr. Frederic W. Galbraith, as Simple Oxides .. 26 a bulletin of the Arizona Bureau of Mines. It has moved through several editions and, in some later printings, it was authored jointly by Dr. Gal­ Oxides Containing Uranium, Thorium, Zirconium .. .... 34 braith and Dr. Daniel J. Brennan. It now is being released in its Fourth Edition as Bulletin 181, Arizona Bureau of Mines. Hydroxides .. .. 35 The comprehensive coverage of mineral information contained in the bulletin should serve to give notable and continuing benefits to laymen as well as to professional scientists of Arizona. Multiple Oxides 37 J. D. Forrester, Director Arizona Bureau of Mines Multiple Oxides Containing Columbium, February 2, 1970 Tantaum, Titanium .. .. .. 40 Halides .. .. __ ____ _________ __ __ 41 Carbonates, Nitrates, Borates .. .... .. 45 Sulfates, Chromates, Tellurites .. .. .. __ .._.. __ 57 Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates, Antimonates .._ 68 First Edition (Bulletin 149) July 1, 1941 Vanadium Oxysalts ...... .......... 76 Second Edition, Revised (Bulletin 153) April, 1947 Third Edition, Revised 1959; Second Printing 1966 Fourth Edition (Bulletin 181) February, 1970 Tungstates, Molybdates.. _. .. .. .. 79 Silicates ...
    [Show full text]