• Vol. 17, No.3 nternattona July 1993 ettn• Doctoral Dissertations on Mission: Ten-Year Update, 1982-1991 William A. Smalley

Ten years ago the INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY erate ever more rapidly, again reflecting change in the church RESEARCH published a directory of 934 doctoral dissertations on and in mission. Most of the topics indexed in the earlier bibliog­ mission-related subjects attheological schools anduniversities inthe raphy are to be found again in the pages that follow, but this United States and Canada. Almost four decades of research were decade also shows a distinct increase, especially in dissertations covered, from 1945 through 1982. In this issue we are pleased to dealing with theological issues in the younger churches, most present another directory of 512 North American dissertations for notably with non-traditional theologies. Liberation theology thedecade 1982-1991. predominatesamongthesenon-traditionaltheologies,butAsian, The compiler of thedirectory andauthor of thearticle below is African, black, and feminist theologies recur as well, as the William A. Smalley, afriend andcolleague ofmanyyears' standing. following summary indicates:" Now retired in Hamden, Connecticut, he is a near neighbor of the Overseas Ministries Study Center. For twenty-three years Dr. Smalley wasa translation consultant with theUnited Bible Societ­ ies, serving primarily in Southeast Asia.Duringpartofthatperiod he also edited Practical Anthropology, and for a time he was On Page principal of the Toronto Institute of Linguistics, which prepares missionary candidates for language and culture learning. Earlier 97 Doctoral Dissertations on Mission: Ten-Year Smalley wasa missionary linguistwith theChristian andMission­ Update, 1982-1991 aryAlliance in Laos andVietnam. Hismostrecent book isTransla­ William A. Smalley tion as Mission: Bible Translation in the Modern Missionary 100 Degree-Granting Institutions Here Repre­ Movement (Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1991). sented, with Abbreviations and Number of The Editors Doctoral Dissertations from Each 104 Dissertations Listed Alphabetically by Author n July 1983 the INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY I RESEARCH published a bibliography of North American 118 Index of Subjects dissertations on mission that had appeared since the end of 126 The Legacy of Lewis Bevan Jones World War 11.1 E.Theodore Bachmannbegan his introduction to Clinton Bennett :heworkby noting the radical wayin whichtheChristianchurch waschanging as it spread throughout the world in this era. He 130 Mission and Democracy in Africa: The Prob­ cited Kenneth Scott Latourette's emphasis' on rising "global lem of Ethnocentrism outreach, the imminent rise of indigenous churches, and the Robert K. Aboagye-Mensah mobilization of persons in many lands who were volunteering 134 Book Reviews forthe missionary task." Bachmann mentioned how his bibliog­ raphy of dissertations reflected those changes. 144 Book Notes As Bachmann also pointed out, research on mission is far ]eommoribund. Ten years later, dissertations on mission prolif­ of issionaryResearch 1945-1981 (37 years) 1982-1991 (10 years) about the same number of dissertations per year in the 1980s, the Liberation theology 15 (0.4/year) 89 (8.9/year) new leaders dramatically increased the numbers of dissertations IJ African theology 3 (0.08/year) 32 (3.2/year) accepted annually. oj Asian theology o 17 (1.7/year) Black theology 4 (O.l/year) 11 (l.1/year) 1945-1981 (37 years) 1982-1991 (10 years) Est Political theology 2 (0.05/year) 11 (l.1/year) Total dissertations 934 (25/year) 512 (51.2/year) ~ Feminist theology o 3 (0.3/year) listed Rei Institutions granting 145 (O.2/year avg.) 114 (O.4/year avg.)' 19E All non-traditional 24 (0.65/year) 163 (16.3/year) degrees Leaders in 1982-1991 Pul Judging again by the respective indexes, some other topics Fuller Theol. Sem. 10 (O.3/year) 61 (6.1/year) Ov have correspondingly decreased in the past ten years. Mission DrewUniv. 11 (O.3/year) 25 (2.5/year) 49( sending agencies, for example, received less attention in the Princeton Theol. 32 (0.9/year) 22 (2.2/year) Tel 1980s. Treatment of most major countries went up or down Sem. FaJ slightly, but Japan dropped sharply from 1.1 dissertations per Leaders in 1945-1981 year to 0.3, perhaps because the American post-war interest in Boston Univ. 54 (1.5/year) 14 (1.4/year) Ed occupied Japan has lessened. In contrast, the treatment of Korea Univ. of Chicago 49 (1.3/year) 13 (1.3/year) Ge rose even more sharply from 0.8 dissertations per year to 3.2, Columbia Univ. 44 (1.2/year) 7 (0.7/year) perhaps due in part to the large number of Korean doctoral Ca candidates in the United States. Increased interest in issues of Many dissertations in the bibliography were apparently Da cultural sensitivity and appropriateness is clearly reflected in the written by Asians, Africans, and Latin Americans, that is, by SaJ number of dissertations dealing with indigenization and people from the traditional "mission fields." Dissertations by Ba contextualization. The 0.1 per year entries under "context- Koreans seem particularly numerous. I was not able to quantify N< ualization" in 1983 became 1.6 per year ten years later. "Indig- this observation, however, because I could not always determine GI enous," which registered 0.6 entries per year in 1983, shows a an author's nationality. Whereas Samuel Adu-Andoh, writing G, three-fold gain in the present bibliography, to 1.8 per year. on Ghana (1.2), is probably Ghanaian, is Yoshito Anno, writing M Topics as broad as non-traditional theologies illustrate a on a Matthew passage (1.10), a Japanese person or an American Le C. problem for the bibliographer of mission, however. Liberation of Japanese ancestry? I was frequently not able to judge the sex theology has been examined by anthropologists, sociologists, of an author, either, and so did not attempt to tabulate figures on political scientists, psychologists, philosophers, and theologians, the gender of dissertation authors. B< as well as by missiologists. Presumably there is little if any The present bibliography was commissioned by Gerald H. ad missiological content in some of their dissertations. Liberation Anderson, editor of INTERNATIONALBULLETINOF MISSIONARY st theology began in mission and continues in mission, but because RESEARCH,with explicit guidelines. Only dissertations for the of its many ramifications it has also taken on a life .outside of Ph.D., Th.D., S.T.D., and Ed.D. degrees are included, and only S1 mission. I have therefore included some titles and omitted oth- those presented at North American institutions. I have followed J>( ers, depending on my subjective impression of likely missiological the format of the earlier bibliography as closely as possible, using sc relevance as judged from the title or the abstract of the disserta- my best judgment about what is relevant to mission, interpreting 01 bi tion. the topic broadly. 5 Studies of present-day churches in traditional ac The process of selecting dissertations to be included be- mission areas, which are the direct or indirect "fruit" of mission, R! comes subjective for other reasons as well. Sometimes titles do constitute an important element in the biography. not reveal actual mission content. Although "Presbyterian Mis- In his preface to Bachmann's 1983 work, Anderson elabo- sions to Indians in Western Canada" (3.33) is self-evident as a rated on the problem of defining relevance in a bibliography of candidate for inclusion in this bibliography, a title such as "An this kind: Ethnohistory of the Indian People of the San Francisco Bay Area from 1770 to 1810" (13.27) could easily be overlooked; yet it Basically we are concerned with "the church witnessing across discusses the effects of mission work among those Native Ameri- frontiers." These frontiers may be geographical, religious,linguis- A tic, ideological, racial, ethnic, social, cultural, economic, or politi- can peoples. Nor does "Confronting the Quintessential: Singing, cal, but the emphasis is on communicating the gospel with the Dancing, and Everyday Life among Biaka Pygmies" (11.23) intention of Christian witness. The scope of missionary concern is reveal that the dissertation deals with the effects of evangelism "the whole church with the whole gospel for the whole person in on Biaka cultural activities. the whole world." It is primarily in the Third World, however, that After titles are subjectively selected, compiling an index the church is conscious of "crossing frontiers" in its witness. compounds the subjectivity. The full range of major topics cov- ered in a dissertation is not always explicit, even in the published Emphasizing the Third World traditional missionary areas

abstract. Terminologies and perspectives of disciplines and of created inevitable distortions in this bibliography, however. ( individuals also differ, lending uncertainties. The bibliographer Titles dealing with liberation theology in Latin America were a overlooks possibilities. Dissertations that actually have topics in often given the benefit of the doubt, and so included, but those common may get separated, and more diverse ones may get dealing with black theology in the United States were screened ( united under the same index entry. more rigorously. Feminist theology in Asia was included auto- In addition to changes over time in subjects studied, com- matically, but feminist theology in the United States had to show S F parison of the two bibliographies also shows some shift in some more compelling association to mission. If this were truly f, relative ranking of institutions in respect to the number of a bibliography of "the whole church with the whole gospel for dissertations written under their auspices. While the universities the whole person in the whole world," it would be enormously I: and seminaries that led in the earlier period tended to accept larger. ii

98 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY REsEARCH

J I used the following sources in compiling this bibliography, International Bulletin extracting from them in the order shown. The numbers of titles gleaned from each source is also indicated. Titles found in more of Missionary Research than one source are here counted only the first time they were Established 1950 by R. Pierce Beaver as Occasional Bulletin from the encountered. Missionary Research Library. Named Occasional Bulletin of Missionary Research 1977. Renamed INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Dissertations Percent 1981. INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN Notices" 308 60 University Microfilms InternationaF 127 25 Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October by Missiological Abstracts" 23 5 Overseas Ministries Study Center Religious Studies Review 16 3 490 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A. Dissertation Abstracts Iniernational' 36 7 Telephone: (203) 624-6672 Other 2 o Fax: (203) 865-2857 512 100 Editor: Associate Editor: AssistantEditor: Gerald H. Anderson James M. Phillips Robert T. Coote Bachmann stated the purpose of his 1983 bibliography as Contributing Editors follows: Catalino G. Arevalo, S.J. Dana L. Robert David B. Barrett Lamin Sanneh (1) to supply an inventory of graduate dissertations from North Samuel Escobar Wilbert R. Shenk American graduateschools thatare relevant to Christian mission; Barbara Hendricks, M.M. Thomas F. Stransky, C.S.P. (2)to identify such dissertations as may be required for scholarly Norman A. Horner Charles R. Taber undertakings; (3)to show whathas alreadybeen done and thus to Graham Kings Ruth A. Tucker minimize duplication of effort; (4)to encourage further research; Gary B. McGee Desmond Tutu (5)to lift the sights of the user beyond individual performance to Mary Motte, F.M.M. Andrew F. Walls a panoramic view of what has already been done; and (6) to Lesslie Newbigin Anastasios Yannoulatos disclose a global dimension of the People of God as set purpose­ C. Rene Padilla fully within the human family.

To this statementI wouldaddanotherpurpose: (7)to expose Books for review and correspondence regarding editorial matters should be gaps in present research, suggesting what still needs to be done. addressed to the editors. Manuscripts unaccompanied by a self-addressed, Such gaps appear only through the perspective of the observer, stamped envelope (or international postal coupons) will not be returned. however. For example, as an anthropologist, I see need for more Subscriptions: $18 for one year, $33 for two years, and $49 for three years, ethnographies of Christian communities that have resulted from postpaid worldwide. Airmail delivery is $16 per year extra. Foreign sub­ mission. In oneapproach, differences in behaviorandworldview scribers should send payment by bank draft in U.S. funds on a U.S. bank betweennewChristians,second-generationChristians,andthird­ or by international money order in U.S. funds. Individual copies are $6.00; generationChristianscouldbe analyzed and described to help us bulk rates upon request. Correspondence regarding subscriptions and learn what happens as a church is created and takes form. A address changes should be sent to: INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY similarly productive line of inquirycould consist of comparative REsEARCH, P.O. Box 3000, Denville, New Jersey 07834, U.S.A. ethnographies of similar neighboring communities, one with a significant Christian population, the other not. Then again, dis­ Advertising: sertations could answer such questions as, What is the grass­ Ruth E. Taylor 11 Graffam Road, South Portland, Maine 04106, U.S.A. roots theology of a particular new church, the folk Christianity? Telephone: (207) 799-4387 How do new Christians interpret the traditional religion in the area, and how does the traditional culture influence their Chris­ Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in: tianity? Some of the dissertations listed here do things like that, but I believe there should be more. Bibliografia Missionaria Christian Periodical Index An anthropologically-oriented missiology could take other Guide to People in Periodical Literature approaches as well, of course, and other social scientists would Guide to Social Science andReligion in Periodical Literature see dimensions I do not. Missiology as reflected in the present Missionalia bibliography tends to be dominated by abstract theology, how­ Religion andTheological Abstracts ever. Central and crucial as theology must be to missiology, it Religion Index One: Periodicals nevertheless easily becomes academically divorced from the life of the churches. Liberation theology, which came out of op­ Opinions expressed in the INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN are those of the authors pressed communities where it gave meaning to intolerable exist­ and not necessarily of the Overseas Ministries Study Center. ence, is now dissected and debated, praised and found wanting, Copyright©1993by OverseasMinistriesStudyCenter.All rightsreserved. in the armchairs of comfortable, safe North American institu­ tions. Necessary as that academic analysis is, the theology which Second-class postage paid at New Haven, Connecticut. was snatched from academic abstraction to become rooted in POSTMASTER: Send address changes to INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF social realities risks being desiccated by abstractiononce more. In MISSIONARY RESEARCH, P.O. Box 3000, Denville, New Jersey 07834, U.S.A. all areas missiology needs to see how theology is lived in the ISSN 0272-6122 homes and market places, in the farms and factories of Christian communities.

July 1993 99 Notes 1. E. Theodore Bachmann, "North American Doctoral Dissertations on were not carried over into this bibliography because they did not seem Mission: 1945-1981," International Bulletin of Missionary Research 7, no. relevant. 3 (1983): 98-134. 7. The University Microfilms database search used 75 key words and 2. Kenneth Scott Latourette, Advance Through Storm, vol. 7 of History of the combinations of key words, with their derivatives, ranging from Expansion of Christianity, 7 vols. (New York: Harper and Row, 1937- missio" to Christ", to contextual. (The * allows for derivatives like 45). mission, missions, missionary, missionaries, missioners, missionization, 3. Entries under Gustavo Gutierrez, Minjung theology, and James Cone and Christian, Christians, Christianization, Christianity, for example.) are counted with those under liberation theology, Asian theology, Only a fraction of the titles turned up by the search proved relevant, and black theology, respectively. however. 4. Average number of dissertations per institution per year. 8. Georgia R. Grimes, ed., Missiological Abstracts: 25 years, 1966-1991 5. I also included five 1981 dissertations that I happened to notice were (Pasadena, Calif.: Fuller Theological Seminary, 1987). not in the earlier bibliography (4.15, 8.6, 8.10, 13.1, 15.11). 9. Dissertation Abstracts International (Ann Arbor, Mich.: University 6. Eleven dissertations that had been included in "Dissertation Notices" Microfilms International, 1982-1992).

Degree-Granting Institutions Here Represented, with Abbreviations and Number of Doctoral Dissertations from Each

A G AIISL Aquinas Institute, St. Louis, Missouri 1 GETS Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, Evanston, AnU Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 7 Illinois (d. NWU) GGBTS Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary, Mill B Valley, California GTU Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California BayU Baylor University, Waco, Texas 6 (d. PSR/GTU) 21 BiU Biola University, La Mirada, California 1 GWU George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 2 BoC Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts 2 BSU Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 1 BU Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 14 H H Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 17 C HoU Howard University, Washington, D.C. 2 CaUA Catholic University of America, Washington,D.C. 12 CGS Claremont Graduate School, Claremont, California I (d. STCI) 8 IGS International Graduate School, St. Louis, Missouri CoS Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Missouri 8 InU Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana CoU Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 1 ISU Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa CU Columbia University, New York, New York 4 CU/UTS Columbia University jointly with Union Theological Seminary, New York, New York (d. CU and UTS/NY) 3 K CUNY City University of New York, New York, New York 1 KSU Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 2 D L DTS Dallas Theological Seminary, Dallas, Texas 4 LSTC Lutheran School of Theology, Chicago, Illinois 20 DU Drew University, Madison, New Jersey 25 DuqU Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 4 DuU Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 5 M MaU Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 4 E MBTS Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary, Memphis, Tennessee 1 EU Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 8 McGU McGill University, Montreal, Quebec 3 McMU McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario 2 F MiSU Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 1 FSU Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 1 MSU Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 6 FU Fordham University, New York, New York 10 FuTS Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, California 61

100 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Jt N UCalg University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta 3 UCh University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 13 NOBTS New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, New UCi University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 1 Orleans, Louisiana 4 UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, California 2 NWU Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois (cf. GETS) 4 UCn University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 3 NYU New York University, New York, New York 6 UDe University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 1 UECU Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities, 0 Cincinnati, Ohio 1 UHi University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 3 DDU Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 1 UHo University of Houston, Houston, Texas 1 DhU Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 1 UI University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 3 DrSU Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 1 UIl University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 1 DSU Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 2 UM University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1 UMa University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 1 p UMar University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 1 UNC University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North PrU Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey (cf, PIS) 3 Carolina 2 PSR/GTU Pacific School of Religion jointly with Graduate UND University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 1 Theological Union, Berkeley, California (cf, GTU) 1 UNeb University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 1 PTS Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, New Jersey UOr University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 3 (cf, PrU) 22 UOt University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario 1 uOt/StPU University of Ottawa jointly with St. Paul University, Ottawa, Ontario (cf, UOt and StPU) 1 Q UP University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1 QUI< Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario 1 UPi University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 4 USC University of Southern California, Los Angeles, R California 2 USD University of San Diego, San Diego, California 1 RU Rutger's University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 4 UStMC University of St. Michael's College, Toronto, Ontario 1 UT/Arl University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 2 S UTe University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 1 UTo University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario 2 SBTS Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, UTS/NY Union Theological Seminary, New York, New York Kentucky 17 (cf. CU/UTS) 19 SFfS San Francisco Theological Seminary, San Anselmo, UTS/V Union Theological Seminary, Richmond, Virginia 5 California 3 UV University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 5 Sill Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 1 UW University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 1 SMU Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 2 UW/M University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 3 STCI School of Theology, Claremont, California (cf. CGS) 3 StLU St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 6 StPU St. Paul University, Ottawa, Ontario (cf. UOt/StPU) 2 V SU Stanford University, Stanford, California 2 VP/SU Virginia Polytechnic/State University, Blacksburg, SUNY/A State University of New York, Albany, New York 1 Virginia 1 SUNY/B State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 1 VU Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 3 SWBTS Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas 14 SyrU Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 2 W WMU Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 1 T WTS Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 4 TCU Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 1 TEDS Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Chicago, Illinois 4 y ToST Toronto School of Theology, Toronto, Ontario 2 TV Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 9 YoU York University, Toronto, Ontario 1 TuU Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 1 YU Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 3 U UAI University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 1 UAr University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 1 UC/B University of California, Berkeley, California 3 UC/D University of California, Davis, California 2 Total number of degree-granting UC/I University of California, Irvine, California 2 institutions: 114 UC/R University of California, Riverside, California 1 UC/SB University of California, Santa Barbara, California 4 Total number of dissertations listed: 512

ily1993 101 · 3RANSFORMING

Coming Soon from Orbis Books, _

ENCOUNTERING THE WEST CHINESE RELIGIONS SANTO Christianity and the JULIA CHING DOMINGO SA'\'TO Global Cultural Process Offers a comprehensive history of Chinese DO :-IINGO LAMIN SANNEH religious traditions. AND BEYOND '" BEYOKD Documents and Shows how refusal to confront cultu ral bias Paper $18.95 October Commentaries drains life out of both Christianity and Western culture. Edited by THE BUDDHA AND ALFRED T. HENNELLY Cloth $24.95 September THE CHRIST Full texts of all Explorations in Buddhist documents of the EVANGELIZING THE and Christian Origins 1992 conference of Alfred T, Heor>elly, S.j. -~ CULTURE OF MODERNITY LEO D. LEFEBURE Latin American HERVE CARRIER Gives a vital view of the Buddha and the bishops including Calls for a profound revision of traditional Christ that captures the fruits of modern addresses by Pope methods of evangelization. Faith and scholarship. Faith Meets Faith Series John Paul II and commentaries by Virgil Culture Series Paper $18.95 September Elizondo, Jon Sobrino, and others. Paper $16.95 Novembe r Paper $19.95 October

~O~,jf] nea

THE GOOD THE MISSION & THE CHURCH IN NEWS OF GOOD NEWS MINISTRY IN LATIN AMERICA 1492·1992 Edited by ENRIQUE DUSSEL THE KINGDOM Of THE THE GLOBAL Edited by CHARLES CHURCH Latin American historians and theologians VAN ENGEN, DEAN review the complex story-from the initial KINGDOM ANTHONY GILLILAND and PAUL period of conquest to the rise of base BELLAGAMBA PIERSON ",cl_ communities. Shows how the Honoring the Cloth $49.95 Cbarles Van Engen challenge of globali­ pioneering works of Dean S. GitJilanu zation affects the Arthur F. Glasser, Paul Pierson . tI>w<~ church no less than PASTORAL Protestants and secular society. Catholics reflect together on basic issues COUNSELING Paper $18.95 in mission and evangelization. INA Paper $18.95 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH GLOBAL CHURCH AFRICAN THEOLOGY IN MODERN CHINA Voices from Perspectives Inculturation and Liberation the Field Edited by EDMOND TANG and JEAN-PAUL WIEST EMMANUEL MARTEY Edited by Describes the two major strands of African Explores the remarkable perseverance of ROBERT J. WICKS and theology-inculturation and liberation-in the Catholic church in the face of conflicts BARRY K. ESTADT the context of developments in Africa. and speculates on the future. Sensit ive perspectives on the cross­ Paper $18.95 Paper $19.95 cultural dimensions of pastoral counseling. Paper $16.95

New in tbe NeuiAmerican in tbe Society * Boston Theological of Missiology Series _ Institute Series I BREAD FOR THE JOURNEY RECONCILIATION The Mission of Transformation and Mission & Ministry in the Transformation of Mission a Changing Social Order ANTHONY J. GITIENS ROBERT J. SCHREITER A transforming view of Christian vocation Explores the spiritual/political contradictions with insights from spirituality, theology, that define our age and brings home the mission , and anthropology. uniqueness of the ministry of reconciliation . Paper $18.95 Paper $10.95 MISSION STUDIES 199~

j:AITJI a n d ~====tuJ.:iijilliS Faith and Culture Series:__ CU LT UIlES _ ROBERT J. SCHREITER, C.PP.S., General Editor

ASIAN FACES OF JESUS AFRICAN THEOLOGY IN Edited by R.S. SUGIRTHARAJAH ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT Enriching the Western understanding of Christ, Asians employ BENEZET BUJO new interpretive resources, cultural symbols, and thought patterns Describes the pre- and post-colonial African religious context, as they make sense of Jesus for their own time and place . explicating a christology and an ecclesiology that views Jesus as Paper $19.95 " Ancestor," the One from Whom all life flows. Paper $16.95

HISPANIC FACES OF fACF.S OF JESUS MODELS OF DEVOTIONAL JESUS IN INAfRICA CONTEXTUAL PIETY AFRICA* THEOLOGY Tracing the Edited by ROBERT J. STEPHEN B. BEVANS Biblical Roots SCHREITER "A superb overview C. GILBERT ROMERO African theologians of perhaps the most "A providential book reinterpret christol­ important task facing for all .. . persons ogy for cultural theology today." committed to realms other by than -CHARLES VAN ENGEN Hispanic and Latin those formed by Paper $18.95 American pastoral Western traditions. work." Paper $18.95 -GUSTAVO GUTIERREZ Paper $16.95

New in the Faith Meets Faith Series_ »: _ -r;-",,~~:::'-="~""";;;;;;'.''T'0'------LEAVE THE TEMPLE JESUS CHRIST AT CHRISTIAN Indian Paths to Human Liberation THE ENCOUNTER OF UNIQUENESS Edited by FELIX WILFRED Studies Indian religious traditions, social WORLD RELIGIONS* RECONSIDERED JACQUES DUPUIS, S.J. The Myth of a structures, and the possibilities for Pluralistic Theology transformation. Articulates Christian conviction about of Religions Paper $19.95 Cloth $39.95 Jesus as Christ in relation to the reality of other religious traditions. GAVIN D'COSTA Paper $19.95 Cloth $39.95 Asserts that it is more ONE CHRIST­ useful in interfaith MANY RELIGIONS* dialogue to affirm a Toward a Revised Christology radical uniqueness in STANLEY J. SAMARTHA Christianity. Explores the obstacles rigid orthodoxy " Immensely valuable." poses to interfaith dialogue. " Theologically -GERALD ANDERSON credible, spiritually satisfying, and Paper $16.95 pastorally helpful."-TISSA BALASURIYA Paper $18.95 Cloth $39.95

ORBIS BOOKS Maryknoll, NY 10545 'An Outstanding Book , IBMR 1-800-258-5838 In NY collect 914-941-7687 Dissertations Listed Alphabetically by Author

Awasu, Wilson. 1.17 Bruno-loire, Rosa delCarmen. 2.17 Religion, Christianity and the Powers in Ewe 'The Educational Work of the American Methodist A Society. Episcopal Mission in Peru (1889-1930): Social Ph.D. 1988 FuTS. Gospel and American Economic and Ideological Adrian,Marlin Wayne. 1.1 Penetration. Mennonites, Missionaries and Native Americans: Ph.D.1983 UCalg. Religious Paradigms and Cultural Encounters. Ph.D.1989 UV. B Buama, Livingstone Komia. 2.18 The Relevance of Professor James Cone's Black Adu-Andoh, Samuel. 1.2 Theology for the Ghanaian Context. The Sacred in Ghana's Struggle for Justice and Barlow, PhilipLayton. 2.1 Ph.D.1985 DU. Communal Identity: The Legacy of Kwame The Bible in Mormonism. Nkrumah. Th.D. 1988 H. Buckalew, Ronald W. 2.19 Ph.D.1986 PTS. A Return of the Servant: Kenotic Christ and Barreno, ManuelMaria. 2.2 Religious Pluralism in the Thought of Raimundo Agtarap,AlfredoSan Pedro. 1.3 Conflicting Christologies Met at Puebla. Panikkar and Wilfred Cantwell Smith. A Christian Response to Philippine Liberation Ph.D. 1982 AlISL. Ph.D.1987 UTS/V. Movements. Ph.D.1991 FuTS. Batstone, DavidBruce. 2.3 Burdick, John Samuel. 2.20 From Conquest to Struggle: Jesus of Nazareth in Looking for God in Brazil: The Progressive Aigbe,SundayAgbons. 1.4 the Liberation Christology of Latin America. Catholic Church in Urban Brazil's Religious The Prophetic Role of a Church in a Developing Ph.D. 1989 GTU. Arena. Economy: The Case of the Assemblies of God in Ph.D.1990CUNY. Nigeria. Baumgartner, Erich Walter. 2.4 Ph.D.1989 FuTS. Towards a Model of Pastoral Leadership for Burkhalter, William Nolan. 2.21 Church Growth in German-speaking Europe. A Comparative Analysis of the Missiologies of Akrong,Abraham Aka. 1.5 Ph.D. 1990FuTS. Roland Allen and Donald Anderson McGavran. An Akan Christian View of Salvation from the Ph.D.1984 SBTS. Perspective of John Calvin's Soteriology. Bennett,David William. 2.5 Th.D. 1991 LSTC. Perspectives of Biblical Pastoral Leadership: A Burkhart, Louise Marie. 2.22 Case Study of Ten Churches in Pune, India. The Slippery Earth: Nahua-Christian Moral Alexander, George P. 1.6 Ph.D. 1990FuTS. Dialogue in Sixteenth-century Mexico. Asian Indians in the San Fernando Valley: A Ph.D.1986 YU. Study of Intergenerational Culture Change. Bensley, RossE. 2.6 Ph.D.1990FuTS. Toward a Paradigm Shift in World View Theory: Burleson, Blake Wiley. 2.23 The Contribution of a Modified Piagetian Model. John Mbiti: The Dialogue of an African Alldritt, Leslie David. 1.7 Ph.D. 1982 FuTS. Theologian with African Traditional Religions. Ontology of Love: The Religiophilosophical Ph.D.1986 BayU. Thouglit of Paul Tillich and Zen Buddhism. Bergsma, PaulJ. 2.7 Ph.D.1991 TU. The Homogeneous Unit Principle Debate: The Burnett,VirginiaGarrard. 2.24 Proposal, tile Debate, and a Suggested Way A History of Protestantism in Guatemala. Alphonse, Martin Paul. 1.8 Forward. Ph.D.1986 TuU. The Gospel and Hindu Bhakti: Indian Christian Ph.D.1982 SWBTS. Responses from 1900-1985, A Study in Contextual Burrows, William R. 2.25 Communication. ~~~~R~~~ U The Roman Catholic Magisterium on Other Ph.D. 1990FuTS. Origins of Gustavo Gutierrez' A Theology of Religious Ways: Analysis and Critique from a Liberation. Post-modem Perspective. Amjad-Ali,Charles Wesley. 1.9 Ph.D.1989 UTIArl. Ph.D.1987 UCh. A Theory of [ustice for an Ecumenical Praxis: A Critique of Eurocentric Pseudo-Universals. Bonpane, Blase Anthony. 2.9 Ph.D.1985 PTS. Liberation Theology and the Central American Revolution. Anno, Yoshito. 1.10 Ph.D.1984 UC/I. c The Mission to Israel in Matthew: The Intention of Matthew 10:5h-6 Considered in the Light of Boonprasat-Lewis, Nantawan. 2.10 Cadena, Gilbert Ramon. 3.1 Religio- Political Background. In Search of an Integral Liberation: A Study on Chicanos and the Catholic Church: Liberation Th.D. 1984 LSTC. the Thai Struggle for Social Justice from a Theology as a Form of Empowerment. Christian Perspective--The Contemporary Thai Ph.D.1987 UC/R. Anyaka,Godfrey. 1.11 Farmer's Movement as a Case Study. A Re-examination of African Traditional Religion: Ph.D. 1982 PTS. Caldwell, Larry W. 3.2 A Comparison Between the Spirituality of the Receptor-Oriented Hermeneutics: Reclaiming the Igbo People and St. Francis ofAssisi. Borchard, Terrance. 2.11 Hermeneutical Methodologies of the New Ph.D.1990FU. Discourse Level Functional Equivalence Testament for Bible Interpreters in the Third Translation. Millennium. Armstrong, WilliamHoward. 1.12 Ph.D. 1991 FuTS. Ph.D.1990FuTS. An Analysis of Dialogic Communication in the Educational Philosophies of Martin Buber and Bosco, Dan. 2.12 Calhoun, DavidBays. 3.3 Paulo Freire, with Implications for the Role of Social Organizational Aspects of Religious The Last Command: Princeton Theological Dialogue in Theological Training. Change Among Basotho. Seminary and Missions (1812-1862). Ed.D.1983 NOBTS. Ph.D. 1983 UI. Ph.D.1983 PTS.

Asana,FestusAmbe. 1.13 Brouwer, Ruth Compton. 2.13 Campbell, Edward Dennis. 3.4 Problems of Marriage and Family Life in an Canadian Women and the Foreign Missionary The Cross of Christ in Latin American Liberation African Context, Viewed from the Perspective of Movement: A Case Study of Presbyterian Theology. the Christian Pastor as Counselor. Women's Involvement at the Home Base and in Ph.D.1991 DU. Th.D. 1990BU. Central India, 1876-1914. Ph.D.1987 YoU. Campbell, Margaret Mary. 3.5 Asante, Emmanuel. 1.14 Critical Theory and Liberation Theology: A The Kingship of Onyame: Towards an African Brown,Joanne Elizabeth. 2.14 Comparison of the Works of [urgen Habermas Christian Theolo~y of the Kingdom of God-A Jennie Fowler Willing (1834-1916): Methodist and Gustavo Gutierrez. Question of Continuity. Church Woman and Reformer. Ph.D.1990GTU. Ph.D.1986 StPU. Ph.D. 1983 BU. Candelaria, Michael Richard. 3.6 Ascheman, Thomas J. 1.15 Brown,Mary Elizabeth. 2.15 Popular Religion and Liberation: An Examination The Conversion of the Missionary: An Italian Immigrants and the Catholic Archdiocese of the Discussion in Latin American Liberation Interpretation of the Guadalupan Narrative. of New York, 1880-1950. Theology. Ph.D.1991 CaUA. Ph.D. 1987 CU. Th.D. 1987 H.

Athyal, SakhiMariamma. 1.16 Brown,RobertLayton. 2.16 Carle, Robert D. 3.7 Women's Roles in Ministries in Select Churches in Matthew's Presentation of the Law in Light of Human Rights and the Mission of the Church. India After Independence. Early Christian-Jewish Dialogue. Ph.D. 1989CU. Ph.D.1991 FuTS. Ph.D. 1991 SBTS.

104 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Carlson, DavidAllen. 3.8 Chiow,Samuel. 3.25 Cooper, Roy Bissell. 3.39 A Reflection on the Role of Christology in the Religious Education and Reform in Chinese A Critical Analysis of Liberation Theology in the Theology of Religions and Interreligious Missions: The Life and Work of Francis Wilson Works of Jose Miguez-Bonino and Ronald J. Dialogue. Price (1895-1974). Sider. Ph.D.1988 CGS. Ph.D. 1988 StLU. Ph.D. 1986 SWBTS.

Carmody, Brendan Patrick. 3.9 Cho,Kap-soo. 3.26 Cotto-Serrano, Raul Luis. 3.40 The Nature and Consequences of Conversion in Ancestral Practices in Korean Churches: An The Significance of Politics in the Liberation Jesuit Education at Chikuni: 1905-1978. Evangelical Protestant Understanding. Theology of Juan Luis Segundo and Gustavo Ph.D.1986 GTU. Ph.D. 1990FuTS. Gutierrez. Ph.D. 1990 UMa. Carrington, Donald E. 3.10 Choi,BongGi. 3.27 Developing Creativity in Theological Education: The Critique of Ideology and Liberating Praxis: Crockett, BennieR., Jr. 3.41 Sensitizing Theologians Preparing to Teach in a An Application of JOM B. Thompson'sldeolo~ The Missionary Experience of the Matthean Non-Western Context. Critique to Juan L. Segundo's Model of Liberation Community: A Redactional Analysis of Matthew S.T.D.1986 SFTS. Theology. 10. Ph.D. 1987 SBTS. Th.D. 1986 NOBTS. Carter, Joan Elsie. 3.11 Interpersonal Skills in Cross-Cultural Chopp, Rebecca Sue. 3.28 Cronin, BrianJoseph. 3.42 Effectiveness: A Descriptive Study of Christian The Interruption of Interpretation: The Function The Relevance of Pluralism in the Writings of and Missionary Alliance Missionaries. and Claims of Suffering in Liberation and Bernard Lonergan, S.J.to African Christian Ph.D.1987 MaU. Political Theologies. Theology. Ph.D. 1983 UCh. Ph.D. 1986 BoC. Carter, Max L. 3.12 Quaker Relations with Midwestern Indians to Christensen, Thomas G. 3.29 Cuthbert,RobertW.M. 3.43 1833. The Gbaya Naming of Jesus: An Inquiry into the Ecumenism and Development: A Socio-historical Ph.D.1989 TU. Contextualization of Soteriological Themes Analysis of the Caribbean Conference of among the Gbaya of Cameroon. Churches. Carver, E. Earl. 3.13 Th.D. 1984 LSTC. Ph.D. 1984 UTS/NY. An Inquiry into the Spiritual Status of the Unevangelized. Chun, WalterC. 3.30 Cytron, BarryDaniel. 3.44 Ph.D.1988 FuTS. Religious Freedom in South Korea: An Ethical A Rationale and Proposed Curriculum for Jewish­ Analysis Toward Social Reconstruction. Christian Dialogue. Casey-Rutland, RansomEugene. 3.14 Ph.D. 1985 BU. Ph.D. 1982 ISU. An Examination of the Issue of Violence in the Writings of Selected Latin American Liberation Chung, Hyun-Kyung. 3.31 Theologians. Struggle to be the Sun Again: Emerging Asian Ph.D.1991 EU. Women's Liberation Theology. Ph.D. 1989 UTS/NY. D Castillo-Cardenas, Gonzalo. 3.15 Theology and the Indian Struggle for Survival in Ciorra, Anthony John. 3.32 Damico, LindaH. 4.1 the Colombian Andes: A Study of Manuel St. Francis of Assisi and Liberation Theology. The Anarchist Dimension of Liberation Theology. Quintin Lame's LosPensamientos. Ph.D. 1991 FU. Ph.D. 1985 FSU. Ph.D.1984 CU. Codling, James Llewellyn. 3.33 Dang,Royan. 4.2 Chan, Kim-Kwong. 3.16 Presbyterian Missions to Indians in Western The Fate Producin~ Deed in Proverbs 25-29, and The Catholic Church in the People's Republic of Canada. the Law of Karma m the Bhagavadgita. China (1979-1983). Th.D. 1990CoS. Ph.D. 1984 UTS/V. Ph.D.1986 UOt/StPU. Cogley, RichardWilliam. 3.34 Darmaputera, Eka. 4.3 Chancellor, James Darrell. 3.17 The Millenarianism of John Eliot, "Apostle to the Pancasila and the Search for Identity and A Comparative Approach to Reli~ious Indians" (Massachusetts). Modernity in Indonesian Society. Fundamentalism:Egyptian Sunni Islam and Ph.D. 1983 PrU. Ph.D. 1982 BoC. American Protestant Christianity. Ph.D.1988 DuU. Chandrakanthan, A. Xavier. 3.18 Attempts at Contextualization of the Church in Sri Lanka: A Study of the Official Documents of This decade shows a the Catholic Bishops Conference of Sri Lanka, 1965-1985. distinct increase in Th.D.1988 StPU.

Chao, Jonathan T'ien-en. 3.19 dissertations dealing with The Chinese Indigenous Church Movement, 1919­ 1927: A Protestant Response to the Anti-Christian theological issues in the Movements in Modern China. Ph.D.1986 UP. younger churches. Chao, Samuel Hsiang-En. 3.20 John Livingston Nevius (1829-1893): A Historical Study of His Life and Mission Method. Ph.D.1991 FuTS. Cole, Victor Babajide. 3.35 David,S. Immanuel. 4.4 Charles, Henry J. 3.21 Leadership Criteria and Their Sources among God's Messengers: Reformed Church in America A Theological-Ethical Critique of Possibility for ECWA Churches of Nigeria: Implications for Missionaries in South India, 1839-1938. Human Beings in the Post-Colonial World, with Curriculum-in Ministerial Traimng. Th.D. 1984 LSTC. Specific Reference to the Caribbean. Ph.D. 1982 MSU. Ph.D.1982 YU. Davies,DanielMichael. 4.5 Collins,TravisMurray. 3.36 The Missionary Thought and Activity of Henry Chatfield, Joan. 3.22 Self-expression as Integral to Indigeneity, with Gerhard Appenzeller. First Choice: Mission-The Maryknoll Sisters, Special Reference to the Venezuelan Baptist Ph.D. 1986DU. 1912-1975. Convention. Ph.D.1983 GTU. Ph.D. 1990SBTS. Davies,RonaldEdwin. 4.6 Prepare Ye the Way of the Lord: The Chea, Jose Luis. 3.23 Constable, Nicole. 3.37 Missiological Thought and Practice of Jonathan The Process and the Implications of Change in the The Villa6e of Humble Worship: Religion and Edwards (1703-1758). Guatemalan Catholic Church. Ethnicity in a Hakka Protestant Community in Ph.D. 1989 FuTS. Ph.D.1988 UT/Arl. Hong Kong. Ph.D. 19891lC/B. Davis, Davena. 4.7 Chioma, SilvanusNdukuba. 3.24 The Dayspring from on High Hath Visited Us: An A Second Chance for Christian Education: Cook, A. Guillermo. 3.38 Examination of the Missionary Endeavours of the Strategies for a New Approach to Christian The Expectation of the Poor: A Protestant Moravians and the Anglican Church Missionary Education in Nigeria in View of the Current Missiofogical Study of the Catholic Comunidades Society among the InUItin the Arctic Regions of Search for Educational Relevance. de Basein Brazil. Canada and Labrador. Ed.D. 1983 AnU. Ph.D.1982 FuTS. Ph.D. 1987 McGU.

July 1993 105 DeAlwis, TissaBrian. 4.8 Dwamena, Francis Kumi. 4.24 Evans,Anthony Tyrone. 5.15 Christian-Buddhist Dialogue in the Writings of Missionary Education and Leadership Training at A Biblical Critique of Selected Issues in Black Lynn A. De Silva. Presbyterian Training College, Akropong: An Theology. Th.D. 1983 AnU. Historical Study of Presbyterian Mission Th.D. 1982 DTS. Educational Activities in Ghana: 1848-1960. Deichmann, Wendy. 4.8a Ed.D.1982 CU/UTS. Evans,Timothy Edward. 5.16 Josiah Strong: Practical Theologian and Social Religious Conversion in Quetzaltenango, Crusader for a Global Kingdom. D1/e, Thurlow Wayne. 4.25 Guatemala. Ph.D.1991 DU. The Bible Translation Strategy: An Analysis of its Ph.D.1990UPi. Spiritual Impact. Deonandan, Kalowatie. 4.9 Ph.D.1982 FuTS. Evearitt, Daniel Joseph. 5.17 Religion and the Struggle for Hegemony in Jewish-Christian Missions to Jews, 1820-1935. Nicaragua. Ph.D.1988 DU. Ph.D.1990QUK. E Eybers, Howard Henry. 5.18 Desmither, Carol Marie. 4.10 Responsibility and Generativity: A Study of the From Calling to Career: Work and Professional Relationship between H. Richard Niebuhr's Identity among American Women Missionaries to Earley, GlennDavid. 5.1 Ethics of Responsibility and Erik Erikson's China, 1900-1950. An "Everlasting Conversation": Judaism in the Psycho-Social Theory with Implications for Ph.D.1987 UOr. Life and Thought of Paul Tillich. Pastoral Care to Black Adults in South Africa. Ph.D.1983 TU. Ph.D.1987 PTS. Devadhar, Sudarshana. 4.11 Stanley J. Samartha's Contribution to the Eber, ChristineEngla. 5.2 Interfaith Dialogue. Before God's Flowering Face: Women and Ph.D.1987 DU. Drinking in a Tzolzil-Maya Community. F Ph.D.1991 SUNY/B. Devens, Carol A. 4.12 Separate Confrontations: Indian Women and Ebhomielen, PaulOmieka. 5.3 Fellows, WardJay. 6.1 Christian Missions, 1630-1900. Gustaf Aulen's ChristusVictorView of Atonement The Dilemma of Universalism and Particularism Ph.D.1986 RU. as It Relates to the Demonic in Africa. in Four Christian Theological Views of the Ph.D.1982 BayU. Relation of Christianity to Other Religions. Dharmaraj, Jacob Samuel. 4.13 Ph.D.1988 UTS/NY. Nineteenth and Twentieth Century European Edet,Rosemary N. 5.4 Mission to India: A Reconsideration. The Resilience of Religious Traditions in the Ferguson, James Joseph. 6.2 Th.D. 1990LSTC. Dramas of Wole Soyinka and James Ene Salvation and the Mission of the Church: A Henshaw. Comparative Study of the Writings of Andre Die/elt, Wanda. 4.14 Ph.D.1984 CaUA. Seumois and Walbert Biihlmann. Toward a Latin American Feminist S.T.D. 1983 CaUA. Hermeneutics: A Dialogue with the Biblical Efesoa Mokosso, Henry Teddy. 5.5 Methodologies of Elisabeth Schiisler Fiorenza, the United Presbyterian Mission Enterprise in Fernandes, LuizaBethNunesAlonso. 6.3 Phyllis Tribble, Carlos Masters, and Pablo Cameroun, 1879-1957. The Contribution of Basic Ecclesial Communities Richard. Ph.D.1987 HoU. to an Education for Social Transformation in Ph.D.1990NWU. Brazil. Egbulem, Chris-Nwaka. 5.6 Ed.D.1985 H. Diffley,PatrickJoseph. 4.15 The Rite Zairois in the Context of Liturgical The Dilemma of the Roman Catholic Church's Inculturation in Middle-Belt Africa Since the Fisher, Don Lee. 6.4 Evangelization Mission to World Hunger. Second Vatican Council. The Educational Context and Pedagogical Ph.D.1981 NYU. S.T.D. 1989 CaUA. Expectations of Students in Evangelical Bible Schools in Indonesia. Ed.D.1991 TEDS. Dixon,DavidCarey. 4.16 Ekpenyong, Michael O. 5.7 A Critical Analysis of Liberationist Christology in The Contribution of the Theology of Story to the the Writings of Gustavo Gutierrez, LeonardoBoff, Emerging Theologies of Africa. Fleming, Peter. 6.5 and Jon Sobrino. Ph.D.1988 DuqU. Chosen for China: The California Province Jesuits Ph.D.1988 SWBTS. in China, 1928-1957-A Case Study in Mission Elizondo, Javier. 5.8 and Culture. Ph.D.1987 GTU. Dodrill, Mark Andrew. 4.17 The Use of the Bible in the Moral Deliberation of Christian Youth Ministry in Hispanic Chicago Liberation Theologians: An Examination of the and Barcelona: An Inquiry into Similarities, Works of Leonardo Boff, Jose Miguez Bonino and Ford, Rosalie Judith. 6.6 Dissimilarities and Cross-cultural Themes. Porfirio Miranda. Matteo Ricci, S.}.in China, 1583-1610: A Case Ed.D.1991 TEDS. Ph.D.1988 BayU. Study of a Precursor in Educational Anthropology. Ph.D.1985 UCn. Dollar, Harold E. 4.18 Elliott,RoderNeil. 5.9 A Biblical-Missiological Exploration of the Cross­ The Rhetoric of Romans: Argumentative Strategy cultural in Luke-Acts. and Constraint, and Paul's "Dialogue with Foroohar, Manzar. 6.7 Ph.D.1990FuTS. Judaism." The Catholic Church and Socio-Political Conflict Ph.D.1988 PrU. in Nicaragua, 1968-1979. Ph.D.1984 UCLA. Downey,Raymur J. 4.19 Elliston, Edgar James. 5.10 Ministerial Formation in Africa: Implications of Curriculum Foundations for Leadership Foster, Kenneth Neill. 6.8 the Experiential Component for Training Zairian Education in the Samburu Christian Community. Discernment, the Powers and Spirit-speaking. Alliance Church Leadership. Ph.D.1982 MSU. Ph.D.1988 FuTS. Ph.D.1985 FuTS. Elmer, Muriel. 5.11 Foster, Mark Alan. 6.9 Doyle, Dennis. 4.20 Intercultural Effectiveness: Development of an American Pentecostal Convergence and The Distinction Between Faith and Belief and the Intercultural Competency Scale. Divergence: A Hermeneutic and Survey Analysis. Question of Religious Truth: The Contributions of Ph.D.1986 MSU. Ph.D.1984 MiSU. Wilfred Cantwell Smith and Bernard Lonergan. Ph.D.1985 CaUA. Emge, Donald Raymond. 5.12 Critical Thinking within a Religious Context: An Dries, Angelyn. 4.21 Analysis of the History and Methodology of the G "The Whole Way into the Wilderness": The Liberatory Comunidades Eclesiales de Base, Foreign Mission Impulse of the American Cuernavaca, Mexico, 1967-1990. Catholic Church, 18~3-1925. Ph.D.1990KSU. Gallo, Jeanne. 7.1 Ph.D.1989 GTU. Basic Ecclesiastical Communities: A New Form of Eto,Naozumi. 5.13 Christian Organizational Response to the World Drogus, Carol Ann. 4.22 A Study of Dietrich Bonhoffer's Idea of Religion Today. Religion, Gender, and Political Culture: Attitudes and "Religionlessness" with Some Implications Ph.D.1986 BU. andParticipation in Brazilian Basic Christian for the Interpretation of the Christian Faith in Communities. Japan Today. Gapke-Ntsri, Theodore. 7.2 Ph.D.1991 UW/M. Th.D.1984 LSTC. Aspects of Inculturation of the Eucharistic Sacrifice in the Traditional Worship of the Akans Dupertuis,Atilio Rene. 4.23 Eustache, Aliro Nathan. 5.14 of Ghana: A Theology of the Eucharist in the Liberation Theology's Use of the Exodus as a A Philosophical and Theological Assessment of Context of Indigenous African Traditional Soteriological Model. Roman Catholicism in Latin America. Religion. Th.D. 1982 AnU. Ph.D.1988 SWBTS. Ph.D.1989 DuqU.

106 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF M1SSIONARY RESEARCH CAN () N ELI FEe II A N (; E '1' II E W () H L I) '!

~ t the School ofIntercultural Studies we are • B.A. ICS, M.A. ICS, M.A. Missions, 1I0VE convinced thata life committed toserving D,Miss. and Ed.D. "Asacarter member oj \i1 WydiJIeBible Tmnslauns, Jesus Christ can impact theworld in a powerful way. • Vast metropolitan areaproviding I'VI! been VI!1) impressed with We areequally convinced thatin our pluralistic the program atSICS. Every hundreds ofopportunities for class I've taken has applied world equipping forcrosscultural competency in crosscultural study and ministry tomy field work." ministry isvital for "making disciples ofallnations." "The ICSJaculty is StephenJ. Barber. Thatiswhy we have assembled a program com­ CONSIDER THESE SICS DISTINCTIYES open and sensitive Student. D.Miss. program • TheonlyChristian Ed.D.degree toward interna­ bining studies in missiology with the social sciences, tional students designed to prepare you forallfacets of crosscultur­ in the U.S. concentrating in and expects women al ministryat home andabroad. crosscultural education to be asignificant Jurce Jor ministry." LOOK AT WHAT SICS OFFERS YOU • Thestrongest program for Eikc Bomukai, Student • Afaculty with over 125 years ofcombined "Women in Ministry" ofany service in international missions school ofworld mission • University setting offering interaction with • Concentrations incultural anthropology, leadership, otherdisciplines urban ministry, andinternational development • New M.A. programs in TESOL (Teaching If you area young Christian desiring foundation­ English toSpeakers ofOtherLanguages) alpreparation fora life ofservice in today's world or andApplied Linguistics arealreadyexperienced in crosscultural ministry andlooking forspecialized training, theSchool of "EffectiVl! intercu/lural ministry callsJur the Intercultural Studies at Biola University may have ScHOOL OF INJERClJL7URAL S1TJDlFS integration ojtheology andthe socialsdenas in one'seducational experience. The School oj just the program you need. BIOLA UNIVERSJIT Intercultural Studies isuniquely positioned, as Tofind out more aboutthe School of 13800 Biola Avenue one ojtheJour schools ojBiola University, to LaMirada, CA 90639-{)OOI offer maximum oppurtunityJur this Intercultural Studies call or write today. 1-800-6524652 drotlopmenl totake place." (InCalifornia) 1-800-9924652 DonaldE. Douglas.Dean Garcfa, Ismael. 7.3 Graybill, Lyn Shelton. 7.19 Herod, Stanlq Laverne. 8.8 The Concept of Justice in Latin American Christianity and Black Resistance to Apartheid in What Kind of Church? Integral Church Growth: Theology of Liberation. South Africa: A Comparison of AlbertLutuli, Research and Analysis of the Qualitative Nature Ph.D.1982 UCh. Robert Sobukwe, Steve Biko, and Desmond Tutu. of the Evangelical Church in Guatemala. Ph.D.1991 UV. Ed.D. 1991 BiU. Garrison, V. David. 7.4 A New Epoch in Christian Missions: Global Hertig, Young Lee. 8.9 Changes Since World War II. Greer, GaryMichael. 7.20 The Role of Power in the Korean Immigrant Ph.D.1988 UCh. A Phenomenological Study of Muhammad for Family and Church. Contemporary.Missiology. Ph.D.1991 FuTS. Gelo, Daniel Joseph. 7.5 Ph.D.1!f89 SBTS. Comanche Belief and Ritual. Ho-Chun, Young. 8.10 Ph.D.1986 RU. Greider, BrettEugene. 7.21 A Conceptual Analysis of Religion in Paul Tillich, Crossing "Deep'Rivers": The Liberation Theology with Particular Reference to hiSPositive Gerstner, Jonathan Neil. 7.6 Contribution towards a Theology of World The Thousand Generation Covenant: Dutch of Gustavo Gutierrez in Light of the Narrative Poetics of Jose Maria Arguedas (Peru). Religions. Reformed Covenant Theology and the Colonists Ph.D.1981 DU. of South Africa, 1652-1814. Ph.D.1989 GTU. 1985 Ph.D. UCh. Holliday, Carolyn Mauldin. 8.11 Greve, WayneG. 7.22 Liberation Theology in the Methodist Church of Giblin, MarieJane. 7.7 Analysis of Selected Curricular Elements in the Brazil: Faith and Action in Six Methodist Toward Justice, Equality and Participation: Some Internationalization Process in Mission Schools of Educational Institutions. Issues for the Church Concerning Tanzanian Ph.D.1982 StLU. Women and Men Peasants. Nazarenes from 1968-1985. Ph.D.1986 UTS/NY. Ed.D.1985IGS. Hong, SungChul. 8.12 Effect of John Wesley's Group Concept on Evangelism in Korea. Th.D.1990BU.

Mission-sending agencies Hopkins, DwightNathaniel. 8.13 Black Theology U.s.A. and South Africa: Political received less attention and CulturalLiberation. in the 1980s. Ph.D.1988 UTS/NY. Hordern, Richard Paul. 8.14 Systematic Theology and Biblical Int~retation: Hermeneutical Questions in Light of Liberation Gillis, Chester. 7.8 Grove, Ronald. 7.23 Theology. A Question of Final Belief: An Analysis and Canon and Community: Authority in the History Ph.D.1983 UTS/NY. Critique of the Soteriology of John Hick. of Religions. Ph.D.1986 UCh. Ph.D.f983 UC/SB. Hoy,Michael Charles. 8.15 The Faith that Works: Juan Luis Segundo's Giordano, Pasquale Thomas. 7.9 Gude, George J. 7.24 Theology of Liberation in Comparison with some A Theological Analysis of the Changing The Home Mission Work of the Evangelical Contemporary Catholic and Protestant Understanding of the Social Mission in the Lutheran Synodical Conference: A Description Theologies and the Theologies of Paul and Luther Philippine Church after Vatican II: 1965-1981. and Evaluation. on the Relationship of Faith and Works. S.T.D.1983 CaUA. Th.D.1991 CoS. Th.D.1990LSTC.

Goff, James Rudolph, Jr. 7.10 Guerrero, AndresGonzdles, Jr. 7.25 Hrangkuma, F. 8.16 Fields White unto Harvest: Charles F. Parham The Significance of Nuestra Senora deGuadalupe Mizoram Transformational Change: A Study of and the Missionary Origins of Pentecostalism. and LaRazaC6smica in the Development of a the Process, Nature and Meaning of Mizo Culture Ph.D.1987 UAr. Chicano Theology of Liberation. Change and Factors that Contributed to the Th.D.1984 H. Change. Goizueta, Roberto Segundo. 7.11 Ph.D.1989 FuTS. Domination and Liberation: An Analysis of the Anadialectical Method of Enrique Dussel and Its Huber, Mary Taylor. 8.17 Implications for International Theological H The Ecclesiological Frontier: An Ethnohistorical Dialogue. Study of Catholic Missionaries in the Sepik Ph.D.1984 MaU. Region of Papua New Guinea. Haleblian, Krikor. 8.1 Ph.D.1986 UPi. Goranson, SttT'hen. 7.12 Contextualization and French Structuralism. Joseph of the Tiberias as a Source on Jewish­ Ph.D.1982 FuTS. HUffard, EverttW. 8.18 Christian Relations in the Fourth Century Galilee. Thematic Dissonance in the Muslim-Christian Ph.D.1990DuU. Harrington, Patricia A. 8.2 Encounter: A Contextualized Theology of Honor. The Irriage of Mary in Mexico: An Analysis of Ph.D.1985 FuTS. Gradie, Charlotte May. 7.13 Conflicting Models in the Interpretation of a Jesuit Missions in Spanish North America, 1566­ Religious Symbol. Hughes, Edward J. 8.19 1623. Ph.D.1982 UCh. The Global Philosophy of Wilfred Cantwell Ph.D.1990UCn. Smith: An Experiment in Intercultural Thought. Harris, James Henry. 8.3 Ph.D.1984 CGS. Graham, Gael Norma. 7.14 Laity Expectations of Ministers in the Black Urban Gender, Culture, and Christianity: American Church: A Study of Political and Social Hunsberger, George ~Y."'0nd. 8.20 Protestant Mission Schools in China, 1880-1930. Expectations in the Context of Ministry to The Missionary Significance of the Biblical Ph.D.1990UM. Community and World. Doctrine of Election as a Foundation for a Ph.D.1985 ODU. Theology of Cultural Plurality in the Missiology Grams, RollinGene. 7.15 of J. E. Lesslie Newbigin. Gospel and Mission in Paul's Ethics. Harris, PaulWilliam. 8.4 Ph.D. 1987 PTS. Ph.D.1989 DuU. Missionaries, Martyrs, and Modernizers: Autobiography and Reform Thought in American Hurst,Thomas Richard. 8.21 Grant,Earl E. 7.16 Protestant Missions. The Syriac Letters of Timothy I (727-823): A Study 1986 Folk Reli~ion in Islam: Its Historical Emergence Ph.D. MSU. in Christian-Muslim Controversy. and Missiological Significance. Ph.D. 1986 CaUA. Ph.D.1987 FuTS. Harris, ScottCollins. 8.5 Korean Church Growth in America, 1903-1990: Hynes,MaryJ. 8.22 History and Analysis. Gustavo Gutierrez's Concepts and Images of God. Grant,Jacquelyn. 7.17 Ph.D.1990SWBTS. Ph.D. 1991 StLU. The Development and Limitations of Feminist Christology: Toward an Engagement of White Heininger, Janet Elaine. 8.6 Women's and Black Women's Religious The American Board in China: The Missionaries' Ex~riences. Experience and Attitudes, 1911-1952. I Ph.D.1985 UTS/NY. Ph.D.1981 UW/M. Grantson, Emmanuel Francis Yankum. 7.18 Hernandes, Jose Antonio. 8.7 Irvin, Dale T. 9.1 Death in the Individual Psalms of Lament: An Training Hispanic Leaders in the United States: Rendering Account of the Ecumenical Past: The Exegetical Study with Implications for Theology An Application of the Concept of Theology of History and Historical Consciousness andMission, Contextualization to Theological Education. of the ECumenical Movement. Th.D.1991 LSTC. Ph.D.1985 SWBTS. Ph.D.1989 UTS/NY.

108 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY REsEARCH Isaak, PaulJohn. 9.2 Kapito, Thomas Peter. 11.5 King,Roberta Rose. 11.22 Anthropology and Ethics in the Theology of Karl Yawo Resistance to Christian Marriage? Pathways in Christian Music Communication: Barth: An African Lutheran Perspective. Possibilities of a Local Theology of Marriage. The Case of the Senufo of C6te d'Ivoire. Th.D.1987 LSTC. S.T.D. 1989 UOt. Ph.D.1989 FuTS.

Isaiah, Emmanuel Sudhir. 9.3 Kasirye-Musoke, Alex. 11.6 Kisliuk,Michelle Robin. 11.23 Muslim Eschatology and Its Missiological Ritual Sacrifice Among the Baganda: Its Meaning Confronting the Quintessential: Singing, Dancing Implications: A Thematic Study. and Implication for African Anglican Eucharistic and Everyday Life among Biaka Pygnues (Central PhD. 1988 FuTS. Theology. African Republic). Ph.D.1991 ToST. Ph.D.1991NYU. Ishihara, John S. 9.4 The Shin Buddhist Doctrines of Amida and the Self Kohn,Rachael. 11.24 in Light of the Christian-Buddhist Dialogue: Kasonga wa Kasonsa. 11.7 Hebrew Christianity and Messianic Judaism on Christ/Amida; SinnerI Bombu. Toward Revisionmg Christian Education in the Church-Sect Continuum. Ph.D.1986 CGS. Africa: A Critical Reinterpretation of Hope and Ph.D.1985 McMU. Imagination in Light of African Understanding of Muoyo. Ph.D.1988 PTS. Kraft,Marguerite G. 11.25 Reaching Out for Spiritual Power: A Study in the J Dynamics of Felt Needs and Spiritual Power. Kelly,Coleen Adele. 11.8 pli.D. 1991 FuTS. The Educational Philosophy and Work of Welthy Jackson, Paula Marie. 10.1 Honsinger Fisher in China and India: 1906-1980. Ph.D.1983 UCn. Krieger, DavidJohn. 11.26 Contributions of Jose Porfirio Miranda to a Praxis­ The New Universalism: Foundations for a Oriented Biblical Theology. Theology of Religions. Ph.D.1985 SBTS. Kendrick, PeterWright. 11.9 Ph.D.19B7UCh. Christian Freedom and Liberation: A Biblical and Jafta, LizoDoda. 10.2 Theological Critique of the Concept of Salvation GOd-Consciousness: Similarities and Differences in the Theology of Gustavo Gutierrez. Kuhl,PaulE. 11.27 as Reflected in the Belief Systems of the Th.D. 1990NOBTS. Protestant Missionary Activity and Freedom of Traditional Zulus of Southern Africa and Religion in Ecuador,Peru, ana Bolivia. Ph.D. 1982 SIU. Friedrich Ernst Schleiermacher. Keys,Joseph Aaron,Jr. 11.10 Ph.D. 1984 DU. The Just, Participatory and Sustainable Society: The Development of the Concept in Ecumenical Kunnie, Julian Edward. 11.28 James, George. 10.3 Dialogue. Bridges Across the Atlantic: Relating Black Phenomenological Approaches to Religion: An Ph.D.1982 STCI. Theolo~es in the United States andBouth Africa, Essay: in MethOdology in the Study of Religion Focussmg on Social Analytical Methodologies and with Particular Attention to the Phenomenology Utilizin~ James Cone and Desmond Tutu as of Religion of P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye, Kihara, NehemyN. 11.11 Respective Symbolic Figures. William Brede Kristensen, and Gerardus van der Religion and Politics in the Economic Th.D. 1990GTU. Leeuw. Development of Kenya and Tanzania. Ph.D. 1983 CU. Ph.D.1983 EU. Kurdi,Mahgoub Ahmad. 11.29 The Encounter of Religions: An Analysis of the Jensen, EvelynE. 10.4 Kim,Ai Ra. 11.12 Problem of Religion in Southern Sudan, 1899­ The His{'anic Perspective of the Ideal Woman: A The Religious Factor in the Adaptation of Korean 1983. Correlational Study. Immigrant IlseWomen in the United States. Ph.D.1986 TU. Ph.D.1987 FuTS. Ph.D.1991 DU. Kuribayashi, Teruo. 11.30 Jespersen, Thomas Christopher. 10.5 Kim, Bokin. 11.13 A Theology of the Crown of Thorns: Toward the The American Century in China: Henry Luce, Responses to Religious Pluralism: Three Case Liberation of the Asian Outcasts. United China Relief, and the Creation of Studies and Comparative Analyses. Ph.D.1985 UTS/NY. American Perceptions of China, 1931-1949. Ph.D.1989 TU. Ph.D.1991 RU. Kwok,Pui-Lan. 11.31 Jolles, Carol Zane. 10.6 Kim,HongKi. 11.14 Chinese Women and Christianity, 1860-1927. Being Yup'ik, Being Christian: Ethnicity and The Theology of Social Sanctification Examined in Th.D. 1989 H. Christiamty in Sivuqaq. the Thought of John Wesley and in Minjung Ph.D.1990UW. Theology: A Comparative Study. Kwon,lin-Kwan. 11.32 Ph.D.1991 DU. The Emergence of Minjun~ as the Subjects of Jones, Richard J. 10.7 History: A Christian Political Ethic in the Wilfred Cantwell Smith and Kenneth Cragg on Kim,Jong-ii. 11.15 Perspective of Minjung Theology. Islam: Their Contrasting Implications for a Mukyo and Its Implications to the Christian Ph.D. 1990DU. Theology of Religion and a Theology of Mission. Church in Korea. Ph.D.1988 ToST. Ph.D.1985 FuTS.

Jorgensen, Knud. 10.8 Kim, Kyu. 11.16 L The Role and Function of the Media in the The Encounter between Nee-Confucian Literati Mission of the Church (with Particular Reference and Roman Catholicism in the Yi Dynasty: A Case Landers, John Monroe. 12.1 to Africa). Study in Eighteenth- and Earlr Nineteenth­ Ph.D.1986 FuTS. Eric Alfred Nelson: The First Baptist Missionary Century Korean Philosophica and Religious on the Amazon, 1891-1939. Judd, Stephen P. 10.9 Thougnt. Ph.D.1982 TCU. The Emergent Andean Church: Inculturation and Ph.D.1982 GTU. Liberation in Southern Peru, 1968-1986. Langat, RobertKipkemoi. 12.2 Ph.D.1987 GTU. Kim,Man-Poong. 11.17 Western Evangelical Missionary Influence on East Faithfulness, Guilt, and Shame in Women of the African Culture: Its Consequences for the Society Yi Dynasty in Korea: With Contemporary and the Development of Indigenous Christianity Illustrations and Implications for Pastoral Care 0855-1980). and Counseling in the Korean Church in the Ph.D.1991 UDe. K ReEublic of Korea. Th.D. 1989 BU. Lanzetta,BeverlyJ. 12.3 Kaleli, Jones Maweu. 11.1 Kim, Sung-Tae. 11.18 The Godhead as a Theological Foundation of Theoretical Foundations of African and Western Contextualization and the Presbyterian Church in Interreligious Dialogue Drawn from the Writings World views and Their Relationship to Christian Korea. of Meister Eckhart and Raimundo Panikkar. Theologizing: An Akamba Case Study (Kenya). Ph.D.1991 FuTS. Ph.D. 1988 FU. Ph.D.1985 FuTS. Kim, Sunggon. 11.19 Lee,Chun Kwan. 12.4 Kalem 'lmana, Joseph Bitangisake. 11.2 Religious Pluralism and the Question of One and The Theology of Revival in the Chinese Christian Christianity and Socialism in Tanzania. Many: A Study of Sotaesan's Perspective. Church, 1900-1949: Its Emergence and Impact. Ph.D. 1986 DU. Ph.D.1991 TU. Ph.D.1988 WTS. Kalilombe, Patrick Augustine. 11.3 Kim, Young Ae. 11.20 Lee,laeBum. 12.5 From "Outstation" to "Small Christian Han: From Brokenness to Wholeness. A Pentecostal Type Distinctives and Korean Communities": A Comparison Between Two Theoretical Analysis of Korean Women's Han and Protestant Church Growth. Pastoral Methods. a Contextualized Healing Methodology. Ph.D.1986 FuTS. Ph.D.1983 GTU. Ph.D.1991 STCI. Lee,Jong-Hyeong. 12.6 Kao, Chin-Tien. 11.4 Kimball, Charles Anthony. 11.21 SamuelAustin Moffett: His Life and Work in the The Particularity and Universality of W. Norman Striving Together in the Way of God: Muslim Development of the Presbyterian Church of Pittenger and John B.Cobb, Jr. Participation in the Christian-Muslim Dialogue. Korea, 1890-1936. Ph.D. 1984 DU. Th.D.1987 H. Ph.D.1983 UTS/V.

July1993 109 Lee, KenAng. 12.7 Lynch,Edward Anthony. 12.24 McConnell, C. D. 13.15 Watchman Nee: A Study of His Major Theological Political-Religious Expressions: Liberation Networks and Associations in Urban Mission: A Themes. Theology and Christian Democracy in Latin Port Moresby Case Study. Ph.D.1989 wrs. America. Ph.D.1990FuTS. Ph.D.1990UV. Lee, KwangSoon. 12.8 McCreary, DavidNeal. 13.16 Korean Women's Understanding of Mission: The Lynn, Susan. 12.25 Church Freedom: The Implicit Missional Norm of Role of Women in the Korean Presbyterian Women, Reform, and Feminism: The Young Methodist Ecclesiology. Church. Women's Christian Association and the American Ph.D.1985 CGS. Ph.D.1986 FuTS. Friends Service Committee. Ph.D.1986 SUo McGee, GaryBlair. 13.17 Lee, Sang-rin. 12.9 "This Gospel ... Shall Be Preached": A History The Dialectics of Liberation Theology: A Marxist and Theology of Assemblies of God Foreign Critique. Missions: 1914-1959. Ph.D.1989 TU. M Ph.D.1984 StLU. Lee, Yohan. 12.10 McGlone, Mary M. 13.18 The Analysis of the Christian Prayer Mountain MacDonald, Timothy1. 13.1 The Lost Opportunity: Santo Toribio de Phenomenon in Korea. The Ecclesiology of Yves Congar: Foundational Mogrovejo and the Beginnings of the Church in Ph.D.1985 FuTS. Themes. Peru. Ph.D.1981 MaU. Ph.D.1991 StLU. Lekunze, Edward Forcha. 12.11 Chieftaincy and Christianity in Cameroon, 1886­ McGraw, LarryRay. 13.19 1926: A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Mahaffey, Patrick J. 13.2 Religious Pluralism and the Question of Truth: An Examination of the Literary Context of the the Evangelistic Strategy of the Basel Mission. Great Commission in Matthew 28:16-20. Th.D. 1987 LSTC. An Inquiry in the Philosophy of Religious Worldviews. Ph.D.1983 SWBTS. Ph.D.1988 UCIB. Lemons, James Curran, Jr. 12.12 McKenna, Marguerite Alice. 13.20 The Way International: Historical Development, Liberation Theology Method and Lonergan's Theological Critique, and Sociological Malewo, Jackson Anaseli. 13.3 Pastoral Care in Relation to Chan6ing Patterns of Method of Theologizing: A Universal Experience Assessment. of Conversion. Ph.D.1983 SWBTS. Family Life in Tanzania: The Significance of Premarital Counseling from the Christian Th.D.1983 GTU. Perspective. Lenk,Edward Anthony. 12.13 McKinney, LarryJames. 13.21 Mother Marianne Cope (1838-1918): The Syracuse Ph.D.1984 PTS. An Historical Analysis of the Bible College Franciscan Commumty and Molokai Lepers. Movement during Its Formative Years: 1882-1920. Ph.D.1986 SyrU. Mansoori, Ahmad. 13.4 Ed.D.1986TU. American Missionaries in Iran, 1834-1934. Lillis,John Russell. 12.14 Ph.D.1986 BSU. McPherson, John T. 13.22 Comparing Instructor Assumptions and Student John Mason Peck: A Conversionist Methodology Realities: A Study of WesternTheological March, Kathleen Davidson. 13.5 for Social Transformation on the American Extension Education in Southeast ASIa. Uncommon Civility: The Narragansett Indians Frontier. Ph.D.1987 MSU. and Roger Williams. Ph.D.1985 SBTS. Ph.D.1985 U1. Lim,GuekEng. 12.15 Meo,Jovili lliesa. 13.23 Cognitive Processes and Linguistic Forms in Old Mark,Charles Wesley. 13.6 Developing a Liberation Education Model for the Testament Hebrew and Chinese Culture: A Study in the Protestant Christian Approach to MethodistTheological College in the Fiji Islands. Implications for Translation. the "Great Tradition" of Hinduism WIth Special Ed.D. 1989 VU. Ph.D.1986 FuTS. Reference to E. Stanley Jones and P. D. Devanandan. Meyers, Ronald Roy. 13.24 Lin,Joseph [ui-Lung. 12.16 Ph.D.1988 PTS. An Analysis of the Confucian Marriage and Christ as the Christian Symbol of God's Salvific Family System in Modem Korea and a Christian Action in the World: Christology in a Religiously Massey, Karen Gwynn. 13.7 Alternative. Pluralistic Era. Ritual Improvisation: A Challenge to Christian Ph.D.1989 FuTS. Ph.D.1989 DU. Education from the Nineteenth Century African­ American Slave Community. Michael, StanleyR. 13.25 Litzinger, Charles Albert. 12.17 Ed.D.1991 SBTS. Villa~e Patterns in Denominational Changes Among Temple Community and Cultural West Indian Immigrants in St. Croix, United Integration in North China: EVIdence from Mathai,KarimpinamannilP. 13.8 States Virgin Islands 1950-1982: A Case Study in "Sectarian Cases" (Chiao-An) in Chihli, 1860-1895. Indian Interpretations of the Work of Christ: Religion and Immigration. Ph.D.1983 UCID. Notable Contributions Made on This Subject by Ph.D.1984 BU. Indian Christian Theologians of the Twentieth Lockwood, Gregory John. 12.18 Century. Middleton, VernonJ. 13.26 The Peace of theKingdom: The Biblical Concept Ph.D.1984 DU. The Development of a Missiologist: The Life and of "Peace" and its Im:plications for Lutheran Thought ofDonald Anderson McGavran, 1897 to Missiology with Special Reference to the Mathieu,Suze Marie. 13.9 1965. Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New The Transformation of the Catholic Church in Ph.D.1990FuTS. Guinea. Haiti. Th.D. 1984 CoS. Ph.D.1991 InU. Milliken, Randall Theodore. 13.27 An Ethnohistory of the Indian People of the San Losher, Donald Jay. . 12.19 Mattei, Luciano. 13.10 Francisco Bay Area from 1770 to 1810. Why Christians Rebel: Patterns of Christian Christian Universalism and World Religions: Ph.D.1991 UCIB. Political Radicalism and the Justification of Religions in Contemporary Catholic Theology, Revolutionary Violence. 1965-1975, in the Light of Preconciliar Theology. Mishler, Darrell Wayne. 13.28 Ph.D.1984 NWU. S.T.D. 1984 CaUA. Analysis of Sociocultural Factors Affecting the Establishment of a Cross-Cultural Christian Louie, Suk-Ming Tam. 12.20 Mattox, Jos~h E. 13.11 Leadership Education Program in Mexico City. Students' Preferences for Various Teaching An Evaluation of the Program of Theological Ph.D.1990OrSU. Methods in a Graduate Theological Seminary in Education by Extension at the Center for Southeast Asia. Christian Studies in Northwest Mexico. Mitchell, EricRobin. 13.29 Ed.D.1989 TEDS. Ed.D.1991 USD. M. M. Thomas' View of Church and Society: A Comparison with the Liberation Theology of Louuierse, John. 12.21 May, Melanie A. 13.12 Gustavo Gutierrez. Una (West New Guinea) Worldview and a Bonds of Unity: Women, Theology, and the Ph.D.1985 DU. Reformed Model for Contextualizing Cross­ Worldwide Church. cultural Communication of the Gospel. Ph.D.1986 H. Mnemba, Joest Jacob. 13.30 Ph.D.1987 FuTS. African EcclesioloS}': The Battle for the African McAul~ffe, Jane Dammen. 13.13 Church-Developmg a Conception and Praxis for Lumeya, Nzash U. 12.22 Perceptions of the Christians in Quranic Tafsir. an Effective Ecumemcal Church in Malawi. Curse on Ham's Descendants: Its Missiological Ph.D.1984 UTo. Th.D.1986 LSTC. Impact on Zairian Mbala Mennonite Brethren. PhD. 1988 FuTS. McClure, Marian. 13.14 Moila, Moeahabo Philip. 13.31 The Catholic Church and Rural Social Change: Toward an Anthropologically Informed Luter,Asa Boyd,Jr. 12.23 Priests, Peasant Organizations, and Politics m Theology: The Kingdom of God Theology, A New Testament Theology of Discipling. Haiti. Christian Presence, and Conflict in PedfSociety. Th.D.1985 DTS. Ph.D.1986 H. Th.D.1987 LSTC.

110 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY REsEARCH NEW from NEW from MANDATE PRESS WILLIAM CAREY LIBRARY

TEARING DOWN THE RUMBLING VOLCANO STRONGHOLDS Islamic Fundamentalism by Richard A. Webster in Egypt Paperback, 340 pages by Nabeel Jabbour and a companion booklet Paperback, 320 pages WORSHIP AND WARFARE In February, 1993 a massive explosion rocked the founda­ by Richard and Flo Webster tion of the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New Saddlestitch, 48 pages York City. An Egyptian Islamic Fundamentalist was sus­ With a plethora of titles being published on spiritual pected by the FBI. Who is Sheikh Abdul Rahman? What is warfare why come out with another one? This book, with the his background in Egypt? What is his role in the Assassina­ helpful prayer guide, is one of the most practical and experi­ tion of Sadat? ential because the principles have been "field tested" by ca­ reer missionaries in Asia. What is it like to "get under the skin" of Khumeini, Hasan Richard Webster is a missionary with The Evangelical al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb and others, and attempt 10 understand Alliance Mission (T.E.A.M.) in Taiwan where he and his Islamic Fundamentalism from the inside? One of those who wife Flo had a part in establishing the Campus Evangelical reviewed this manuscript before its publication wrote the Fellowship student movement. following: This book shares some of the things learned as the Web­ sters took the gospel into unreached areas in Taiwan where "I have read Dr. Jabbour's manuscript with great interest the powers of darkness have held sway for centuries. The in­ and enthusiasm. Having lived in the Middle East myself sights gained will inspire and instruct God's soldiers for several years I am an avid student of Middle Eastern wherever they seek to penetrate the enemie's strongholds. customs, culture, religion and worldview. This is one of the very few manuscripts written by someone who is as close to being "an insider" as is possible without actually *TEARING DOWN STRONGHOLDS being a Muslim. What is even more amazing is that this is RETAIL $12.95 the first text I have ever read where Islamic Fundamental­ Special Postpaid. Discount Price: $8.75 ism is objectively and compassionately examined ( and not attacked) with the "disciplined wonder" described by ·WORSHIP AND WARFARE Dr. Jabbour himself." RETAIL $3.95 The author's hope is that this book will help the non-Arab Special Postpaid Discount Price: $2.50 in general and Western Christian in particular to see Mus­ lim Fundamentalism with a new and fresh perspective. In *SET our society the term "Muslim Fundamentalism" strikes fear RETAIL $16.90 and suspicion in the hearts and minds of most western peo­ Special Postpaid Discount Price: $11.25 ples, largely out of a mystique arising from a basic lack of information, For the first time you may be able to under­ stand this concept from the inside. TO ORDER. . . RETAIL $11.95 Send check or money order to: Special Postpaid Discount Price: $8.25 WILLIAM CAREY LIBRARY P.O. Box 40129 A Publication of Pasadena, California 91114 MANDATE PRESS Add $1.00 for handling. California residents add 7.25% for Order from tax, L.A. County add $8.25%. To place your order using WILLIAM CAREY LIBRARY MASTER CARD or VISA phone TOLL FREE P.O. Box 40129 1-800-MISSION (647-7466) Pasadena, California 91114 (See ordering instructions to the right) PRICES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE Malo, Kakule. 13.32 Muthalaly, AlexanderKoshlj. 13.50 Noelliste, DieumeneE. 14.15 Quest for Ecclesiological Self-Understanding of The Application of Ludwig von Bertalanffy's The Church and Human Emancipation: A Critical the Church of Christ in Zaire: Toward the .:> GeneralSystems Theory as a Basis for Pastoral Comparison of Liberation Theology and the Latin Retrieval of Contextual Models of the Church in Assessment of Urban South Indian Christian American Theological Fraternity. an African Setting. Families. Ph.D. 1987 GETS. Th.D. 1987 LSTC. Ph.D. 1987 SBTS. Noh, JongSun. 14.16 Mandai,Asish Kumar. 13.33 Muzorewa, Gwinyai Henry. 13.51 Violence and Nonviolence in Minjung's Struggle The Christian Minority in India, 1947-1980. African Theolo~~ Its Origin and Development. for Justice in the Tonghak Revolution. Th.D. 1984 GTU. Ph.D. 1983 UTS/NY. Ph.D. 1984 UTS/NY. Nyhus, EdwardO. V. 14.17 Moore,Moses Nathaniel,Jr. 13.34 Myung, Sung Hoon. 13.52 Spiritual Dimension of Church Growth as An Indonesian Church in the Midst of Social Orishatukeh Faduma: An Intellectual Biography Change: The Batak Protestant Christian Church, of a Liberal Evangelical Pan-Africanist, 18S7-1946. Applied in Yoido Full Gospel Church. PJi.D. 1990 FuTS. 1942-1957. Ph.D. 1987 UTS/NY. Ph.D. 1987 UW/M. Mora,Abdias. 13.35 Nyomi, Setriakor Kobla. 14.18 Praxis and Church in the Theology of Liberation. A Pastoral Theological Perspective on Ministry to Ph.D. 1986 BayU. N Persons Dealing with Loss Due to Natural Disasters in Ghana. Morgan,ThomasD. 13.36 Naiuma, Joel EricMukhwana. 14.1 Ph.D. 1991 PTS. TheHidden Imperative for Christian Education: lmbalu, the Gisu Initiation Rite: Implications for Values-clarification Strategies for Intercultural Understanding African Religion and Christian Relations Between Native Americans and Whites. Acculturation. S.T.D.1982 SFTS. Ph.D. 1991 UPi. o Morris, NanCJI Jane. 13.37 Najarian, Nishan J. 14.2 Hawaiian MIssionaries Abroad. A Symbolic Interactionist Approach to the O'Brien, Dellanna West. 15.1 Ph.D. 1987 UHi. Religious Stranger Concept: Protestant A Needs Assessment of Third Culture Children Missionaries in China, 1845-1900. and the Administrative Implications for an Ph.D. 1982 DU. Orientation Program. Mosoma,David Luka. 13.38 Ed.D. 1983 VP/SU. Political Struggle and Cooperative Visions for Change: An Analysis of the Political and Nasimiyo,Anne [edellen. 14.3 O'Donoghue,Fergus M. 15.2 Theological Thought of Major Black Leaders in Inculturation as a Part of the General Principles The Jesuit Mission in Ireland, 1598-1651. South Africa. for the Restoration and Promotion of the Sacred Ph.D. 1982 CaUA. Ph.D. 1991 PTS. Liturgy and How This Can be Applied to Christian Initiation in Nakura, Kenya. O'Neill, Maura. 15.3 Ph.D. 1986 DuqU. Moss, Mary Lynn. 13.39 A World of Differences: Examining Gender Issues A Comparison of Missionary Kids, International in Interreligious Dialogue. Nefsky, Marilyn F. 14.4 Ph.D. 1989 CGS. Students, and American Students on Measures of Women and the Religious Character of Loneliness and College Adjustment. Contemporary Japan. Ed.D. 1985 UV. O'Neill, SeanPatrick. 15.4 Ph.D. 1984 UTo. Conversion of the Frontier: Attitudes of Jesuit Missionaries and American Indians toward Mottesi, OsvaldoLuis. 13.40 Nelson, Edwin S. 14.5 Baptism in Seventeenth Century New France. An Historically Mediated Pastoral of Liberation: Paul's First Missionary Journey as Paradigm: A Ph.D. 1991 UC/SB. Gustavo Gutierrez's Pilgrimage Towards Literary-Critical Assessment of Acts 13-14. Socialism. Ph.D. 1982 BU. Obeng,J. Pashington. 15.5 Ph.D. 1985 EU. Asante Catholicism: Ritual Communication of the Nelson, TerrillRudell. 14.6 Catholic Faith among the Akan of Ghana. Moyer, BruceCampbell. 13.41 Critical Cross-Cultural Adjustment Skills Needed Ph.D. 1991 BU. Seventh-Day Adventist Missions Face the by Overseas Missionary Personnel: A Preliminary Twenty-First Century. Study of Missionary Preservice Training Okoro,Kieran C. 15.6 S.T.D. 1987 SFTS. Programs. The Contemporary Official Catholic Position on Ph.D. 1985 NYU. Non-Christian Religions. Ph.D. 1990FU. Muench, Paul E. 13.42 So That They Would Look for Him: The Nestorova-Matejic, Tatyana Khristova. 14.7 American Missionaries in Bulgaria: 1858-1912. Okure, Teresa. 15.7 Dyn~mics of History Related to the Work of Ph.D. 1985 OSU. The Johannine Approach to Mission: A MiSSIon. Contextual Study of John 4:1-42. Ph.D. 1984 FuTS. Newton, KennethJ. 14.8 Ph.D. 1984 FU. A History of the Brethren in Australia with Mukundi, Mulumba. 13.43 Particular Reference to the Open Brethren. Olowola, CorneliusAbiodun. 15.8 Witchcraft Among the Kasaian People of Zaire: Ph.D. 1990FuTS. The Yoruba Traditional Religion: A Critique. Challenge and Response. Th.D. 1983 DTS. Ph.D. 1988 FuTS. Ng, Andrew Wai Man. 14.9 Watchman Nee and the Priesthood of All Olupona,Jacob ObafemiKehinda. 15.9 Mulholland-Wozniak, Ann A. 13.44 Believers. A Phenomenological/Anthropological Analysis Dangerous Stories: The Subversive Ethic of Latin Th.D. 1986 CoS. of the Religion of Ondo-Yoruba ofNigeria. American Liberation Theology. Ph.D. 1983 BU. Ph.D. 1987 USC. Ng, Gan-Theow. 14.10 Religion, Culture and Modernity: Some Olutimayin, NathanielL. 15.10 Missiological Implications of the Process of A Critical Evaluation of the Resurgence of African Mullins, Mark Richardson. 13.45 Traditional Religion in West Africa, Particularly Minority Churches Among Japanese Canadians: Secularization in East Asia. Ph.D. 1991 AnU. in Nigeria. A Sociological Study. Th.D. 1982 DTS. Ph.D. 1984 McMU. Ngcokovane, CecilMzingisi. 14.11 Religious and Moral Legitimations of Apartheid Onwurah, Polycarp E. C. 15.11 Murdoch, Norman Howard. 13.46 in NederduitseGereformeerde Kerk,Nationalist Marriage: Christian and Traditional-A Social The Salvation Army: An Anglo-American Party and Broederbond, 1948-Present. and Theological Study of the Interaction of Revivalist Social Mission. Ph.D. 1986 EU. Ethical Values in the Igbo Society of Nigeria. Ph.D. 1985 UCi. Ed.D. 1981 CU/UTS. Ngewa, Samuel. 14.12 Murickan, Joseph K. 13.47 Tile Biblical Idea of Substitution Versus the Idea Otijele,PetersYakubu. 15.12 From Development to Liberation: Perspectives in of Substitution in African Traditional Sacrifices: A Paul Ricoeur's Philosophy as a Source for a the Emergence of Liberation Theology in India. Case Study of Hermeneutics for African Christian Christian Apologetic in Africa. Ph.D. 1985 DuqU. Theology. Ph.D. 1984 SBTS. Ph.D. 1987 WTS. Murphy, Charles Alan. 13.48 Nickoloff, James B. 14.13 Liberation Theology as Political Ideology. The Church and Human Liberation: The p Ph.D. 1989 UTe. Ecclesiology of Gustavo Gutierrez (Peru). Ph.D. 1989 GTU. Musopole, Augustine Chingwala. 13.49 Pamudji,Petrus. 16.1 On Being Human in Africa: A Critical Evaluation Njoroge, Lawrence. 14.14 Little Flock Trilogy: A Critique of Watchman of an African View of Humanity in the Writings Catholic Missions in Kenya: The Case of the Nee's Principal Thought on Christ, Man and the of John Mbiti. Spiritans and the Consolata, 1870-1970. Church. Ph.D. 1991 UTS/NY. Ph.D. 1991 UND. Ph.D. 1985 DU.

112 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Pan, Chia-Yao. 16.2 Planas, Juan Ricardo. 16.18 Ramsey, DwayneGeorge. 18.2 The Chinese Response to the Early Protestant The Political Dimension in Liberation Theology: College Evangelists and Foreign Missions: The Missions at the Chinese Treaty-Ports (1842-1852): The Evolution of a Religious Praxis. Student Volunteer Movement, 1886-1920. A Study of the Missionary Work of the American Ph.D. 1985 GWU. Ph.D. 1988 UC/D. Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Randrianasolo, Joseph. 18.3 Canton and Amoy Between 1842 and 1852. Pomerville, Paul. 16.19 Th.D. 1987 LSTC. Christ and Ancestors in the African Context: A Pentecostalism and Missions: Distortion or Lutheran Perspective. Correction? . Th.D.1991 LSTC. Pankow, Fred J. 16.3 Ph.D. 1982 FuTS. A Scriptural Stance Toward Undocumented Hispanics and Selected Methodologies for Rapp, Roger. 18.4 Reaching Them with the Gospel. Ponniah, Melchizadek Mithraraj. 16.20 Religious Responses to Modernity: A Cross­ Th.D.1986CoS. The Concept of Contextualization and Its Cultural Inquiry into the Philosophies of D. T. Implications for the Seventh-Day Adventist Suzuki andRomano Guardini. Paquette, Jean. 16.4 Theological Education in India. Ph.D.1985 UC/SB. An Uncompromising Land: The London Ph.D. 1986 AnU. Missionary Society in China, 1807-1860. Raschko, Michael B. 18.5 Ph.D. 1987 UCLA. Popovich, Frances Blok. 16.21 The Ontological Roots of the Relationship of Social Power and Ritual Power in Maxakalf Religion ana Culture in the Thought of Paul Park, AndrewSung. 16.5 Society. Tillich, Karl Rahner, and BernardLonergan. Minjungand PungryuTheologies in Ph.D.1988 FuTS. Ph.D.1982 UCh. Contemporary Korea: A Critical and Comparative Examination. Ph.D. 1985 GTU.

Park, Choong-Koo. 16.6 More ethnographies are Social and Political Thought in Two Contemporary Korean Theologies: A needed of Christian Comparative Study of Sung Theology and MinjungTheology. communities that have Ph.D. 1991 DU. resulted from mission. Park, Jons-Chun. 16.7 Paul Tillich's Categories for the Interpretation of History: An Application to the Encounter of Eastern and Western Cultures. Pothen, T. Abraham. 16.22 Rasiah,Iswaradevan. 18.6 Ph.D. 1986 EU. Indigenous Cross-cultural Missions in India and The Contribution of Wilfred Cantwell Smith to their Contribution to Church Growth: With Inter-faith Understanding. Park, Timothy Kiho. 16.8 S~ec~al Emphasis on Pentecostal-Charismatic Th.D.1984 BU. A Two-Thirds World Mission on the Move: The Missions. Missionary Movement of the Presbyterian Church Ph.D. 1990FuTS. Rasolondraibe, Peri. 18.7 in Korea. Liberation and Reconciliation: An African Ethical Ph.D. 1991 FuTS. Pottenger, John Robert. 16.23 Reflection on the Dialectical Interaction between Church, State and Revolution: The Political Liberation and Reconciliation in African Political Park, YongKyu. 16.9 Theory of Liberation Theology. Economy. Korean Presbyterianism and Biblical Authority: Ph.D. 1984 UMar. Ph.D.1984 PTS. The Role of SCripture in the Shaping of Korean Presbyterianism, 1918-1953. Powers, Peter Kerry. 16.24 Ravinder, Kondagadapu David. 18.8 Ph.D. 1991 TEDS. Principalities and Powers: Religion and A Study of Religious Conversion in India Resistance in Contemporary Ethnic Women's Understood by Means of Wesley's Doctrine of Partain, Jackie Gene. 16.10 Literature. Grace and Certain Analogues in the Hindu Bhakti Themes in Contemporary African Theology. Ph.D.1991 DuU. Tradition, with Implications for Pastoral Care in Th.D. 1983 SWBTS. the Methodist Church in India. Premdas, RalphR. 16.25 Ph.D.1986 PTS. Paul, Bandlamudi China. 16.11 Religion and Reconciliation in the Multi-Ethnic The Emergence of a Church in South India: A States of the Third World: Fiji, Trinidad and Renicks, Philip Marshall. 18.9 Study of the Growth and Development of the Guyana. Perceptions of Administrators in a Worldwide Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church: 1905-1927. Ph.D.1991 McGU. Study of Orientation and Induction Practices of Th.D. 1984 LSTC. Member Schools in the Association of Christian SchoolsIntemational in Overseas Locations. Prescott-Ezickson, Robert. 16.26 Ed.D. 1986 UAI. Peck, GaryRichard. 16.12 The Sending Motif in the Gospel of John: Black Radical Consciousness and the Black Implications for Theology of Mission. Rhodes, John Stephen. 18.10 Christian Experience: Toward a Critical Sociology Ph.D.1986 SBTS. of Afro-American Religion. Karl Barth and the Base Communities: A Ph.D. 1983 UNC. Dialogue on Praxis and Interpretation. Preus, Jacob A. 0., III. 16.27 Ph.D.1987 EU. The Hermeneutics of Liberation Theology: A Perera, Rienzie Eldred Christopher. 16.13 Confessional Lutheran Response to the Ro,Young Chan. 18.11 Who is Jesus Christ for the People of Asia? Theological Methodology of Leonardo Boff. A Search for a Dialogue Between the Confucian Ph.D. 1984 UTS/NY. Th.D.1986 CoS. "Sincerity" and the Christian "Reality": A Study of the Neo-Confucian Thought of Lee Yulgok and Persons, DavidN. 16.14 Priest, Douglas Dunbar, {r. 16.28 the Theology of Heinrich Ott. Teach them Unto Your Children: The Problem of Anima Sacrifice among Maasai Ph.D.1982 UC/SB. Contextualization of Basanga Puberty Rites in the Christians. United Methodist Church. Ph.D.1989 FuTS. Robbins, Bruce W. 18.12 Ph.D. 1990FuTS. Contextualization in Costa Rican Theological Privett,Stephen A. 16.29 Education Today: A History of the Seminario Phelps, Jamie Theresa. 16.15 Robert E. Lucey: Evangelization and Catechesis Biblico Latinoamericano, San Jose, Costa Rica, 1922­ The Mission Ecdesiology of John R. Slattery: A among Hispanic Catholics. 1990. Study of an African-American Mission of the Ph.D.1985 CaUA. Ph.D.1991 SMU. Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century. Ph.D. 1989 CaUA. Rodor, Amin Americo. 18.13 Purdy,SusanSelden. 16.30 The Concept of the Poor in the Context of the Legitimation of Power and Authority in a Philip, T. M. 16.16 Ecdesiology of Liberation Theology. Pluralistic State: Pancasila and Civil Religion in Th.D.1986AnU. A Study of the Encounter between Theology and Indonesia. Ideology in the Writings of M. M. Thomas and Its Ph.D.1984 UTS/NY. Rohrer, James Russell. 18.14 Application in Formulating a Communicative The Fields at Home: Congregational Evangelism, Theology in India. The Connecticut MissionaryBociety, and Th.D. 1985 LSTC. ReEublican Culture, 1774-1818. R Ph.D.1991 OSU. Piar, Carlos Raimundo. 16.17 Jesus and Liberation: A Critical Analysis of the Romero, Claude Gilbert. 18.15 Christology of Latin American Liberation Rafael, Vincente Leuterio. 18.1 A Hermeneutic of Appropriation: A Case Study Theology with Special Emphasis on Leonardo Contracting Christianity: Conversions and of Method in the Prophet Jeremiah and Latin Boff, Jon Sobrino, and Juan L. Segundo. Translations in Early Tagalog Colonial Society. American LiberationTheology. Ph.D. 1991 USC. Ph.D.1984 CoU. Ph.D.1982 PTS.

July1993 113 Rosa, Ronaldo Sathler. 18.16 Schulz,Thomas Neil. 19.11 Smith, LintonH. 19.28 An Integrative Model for Pastoral Action in A Study to Determine the Basic Needs of MK's The Role of Single Missionaries in a Changing Brazil. [Missionary Kids] Upon Re-entry to the United Christian World Mission. Ph.D.1989 STCI. States and to Define and Describe a Re-entry Ph.D.1986 SBTS. Program Designed to Meet the Needs. Rosado, Caleb. 18.17 Ph.D.1985 UNeb. Snyder,OliverJohn. 19.29 Sect and Party: Religion under Revolution in Liberation Theology, Just-War, and Revolution: Cuba. Scotchmer, DavidGeorge. 19.12 Implications for World Order. Ph.D.1985 NWU. Symbols of Salvation: Interpreting Highland PhD. 1991 HoU. Mayan Protestantism in Context. Rosenthal, Leon Glen. 18.18 Ph.D.1991 SUNY/A. Snyder, Walter. 19.30 Christian Statesmanship in the First Missionary­ The Doctrine of Man as Embraced in the Creation, Ecumenical Generation. Scott, Lindy. 19.13 Fall, Flood and Confusion of Tongues Myths of Ph.D.1989 UCh. Salt of the Earth: A Socio-political History of Five American Indian Tribes. Mexico City Evangelical Protestants. Th.D. 1983 CoS. Ross,PaulVaughn. 18.19 Ph.D.1991 NWU. Appropriate Technology Needs of Missionaries Segaard, ViggoB. 19.31 serving in Developing Countries. Seager, Richard Hughes. 19.14 Applying Christian Communication. Ph.D.[987 KSU. The World's Parliament of Religions, Chicago, Pfi.D.1986FuTS. Illinois, 1893. Rossitter, MarionLarkin,Jr. 18.20 Ph.D.1987 H. Sohmer, Sara Harrison. 19.32 A Reconstruction of John Rawls' Theory of Justice A "Selection of Fundamentals": The Intellectual in Light of Selected Themes of Liberation Seddon, John Thomas, III. 19.15 Background of the Melanesian Mission of the Theologians. Church of England, 1850-1914. Ph.D.1985 SBTS. The Spirituality of the Reverend Thomas Frederick Price, M.M. Ph.D.1988 URi. Ph.D.1989 FU. Rurner,Richard Brent. 18.21 Sokol, Frank C. 19.33 Islam in the United States in the 1920s: The Quest Sharp, Larry W. 19.16 The Mission of the Church and the Nature of for a New Vision in Afro-American Religion. Catechesis in the Writings of Pierre-Andre Liege. Ph.D.1986 PrU. Patterns of Religiosity, Worldmindedness, and Commitment to Justice Issues for Brazil­ Ph.D.1983 CaUA. Russell,James C. 18.22 experienced Missionary Children. The Germanization of Early Medieval Ph.D.1987 UCalg. Soltau,Addison. 19.34 Christianity. Uemura Masahisa: First Generation Pastor, Ph.D.1990FU. Shipley,Gregory. 19.17 Christian Leader and Instinctive Proponent of Turbulent Times, Troubled Isles: The Rise and Indigenized Christianity in Japan. Ryu, Kee-Chong. 18.23 Development of Puritanism in Bermuda and the Th.U. 1982 CoS. Nagarjuna's Emptiness and Paul Tillich's God: A Bahamas, 1609-1684. Comparative Study for the Dialogue between Th.D. 1989 wrs. Stemmeler, Michael. 19.35 Christianity and Buddhism. Theology of Liberation and Political Theology: Ph.D.1984 DU. Showalter, Nathan D. 19.18 Leonardo Boff and Gustavo Gutierrez in The End of a Crusade: The Student Volunteer Conversation with Johann Baptist Metz and Movement for Foreign Missions and the Great Jiirgen Moltmann. War. Ph.D.1989 TU. Th.D. 1990H. s Stenger, BarryJoseph. 19.36 Siker,Jeffrey Stephen. 19.19 The Option for the Poor in Latin American Saba, Michael Peter. 19.1 Disinheriting the Jews: The Use of Abraham in Liberation Theology. Muslim-Christian Relations: A Program of Early Christian Controversy with Judaism. Ph.D.1987 UCh. Interactive Dialogue. Ph.D. 1988 PTS. Ph.D.1989 UECU. Steuernagel, ValdirPaul. 19.37 Simmons,James Samuel. 19.20 The Theology of Mission in Its Relation to Social Sabet, Amr. 19.2 An Inquiry into the Correlation Between Responsibility within the Lausanne Movement. Religion and Social Transformation: A Liberative Theology and Mission as Illustrated in the Th.D. 1988 LSTC. Approach. History of the American Baptist Churches in the Pfi.D.1990 UCalg. USA. Stevens,Richard John. 19.38 Th.D. 1989 MBTS. Suffering as Key to Social and Political Samms,Robert. 19.3 Transformation in South Africa. Methodist Evangelism in Central Canada 1828­ Ph.D.1985 PTS. 1900. Sindima,HarveyJeffery. 19.21 Ph.D.1984 McGU. Malawian Churches and the Struggle for Life and Personhood: Crisis and Rupture ofMalawian Stinnett, TimothyR. 19.39 Sanches-Certina, Edesio. 19.4 Thought and Society. The Challenge of Pluralism: A Study in the God and Gods: Issues in Biblical Theology from a Ph.D.1987 PTS. Thought of John Hick. Latin American Perspective. Ph.D.1987 SMU. Ph.D.1987 UTS/V. Sithole, Robbinah Theresa Zodwa. 19.22 Stockman, Robert. 19.40 The Impact of the Missionary Enterprise upon Sanders, Arden Glenn. 19.5 The Baha'i Faith and American Protestantism. Zulu Culture. Th.D. 1990H. Learning Styles in Melanesia.Toward the Use Ph.D.1988 DU. and Implications of Kolb's Model for National Translator Training. Strickland, John Scott. 19.41 Ph.D.1988 FuTS. Sivalon, John C. 19.23 Across Space and Time: Conversion, Community Roman Catholicism and the Defining of and Cultural Change among South Carolina Sanders, CherylJeanne. 19.6 Tanzanian Socialism, 1953-1985: An Analysis of Slaves. Slavery and Conversion: An Analysis of Ex-Slave the Social Ministry of the Roman Catholic Church Ph.D.1985 UNC. Testimony. in Tanzania. Th.D. 1985 H. Ph.D. 1990 UStMC. Strong,DavidK. 19.42 The Contribution of Structural Semantics to Sanders, Robert J. 19.7 Smith, Anthony Christopher. 19.24 Theological Contextualization: A Case Study in Political Responsibility for Economic Life in the The Essentials of Missiology from the Evangelical "Righteousness." Mature Theology of Karl Barth. Perspective of the Fraternidad Teol6gica Ph.D.1990FuTS. Ph.D.1986 GTU. Latinoamericana. Ph.D.1983 SBTS. Strongin,Jonathan David. 19.43 Savolainen, James William. 19.8 Machiguenga, Medicine, and Missionaries: The Theology in the Shadow of Marx: The Theory­ Smtth, Christian Stephen. 19.25 Introduction of Western Health Aids Among a Practice Relationship in the Political Theology of The Emergence of Liberation Theology: Radical Native Population of Southeastern Peru. Johann Baptist Metz and in the Liberation Religion and Social Movement Theory. Ph.D.1982 CU. Theology of Hugo Assmann. Ph.D. 1990H. Th.D.1982 LSTC. Stroope, Michael Wayne. 19.44 Schantz,Borge. 19.9 Smith, Fred H. 19.26 Eschatological Mission: Its Reality and Possibility The Development of Seventh-Day Adventist Measuring Quality Church Growth. in the Theology of Karl Barth and Its Influence on MissionaryThought: A Contemporary Appraisal. Ph.D.1985 FuTS. Modern MiSSIonTheology. Ph.D.1983 FuTS. Ph.D.1985 SWBTS. Smith, Henry Newton. " 19.27 Scheuring, Thomas J. 19.10 Chinese Ancestor Practices and Christianity: Suh, ChangWon. 19.45 Evangelit Nuntiandi and the Puebla Final Toward a Viable Contextualization of Christian A Formulation of Minjung Theology: Toward a Document. Ethics in a Hong Kong Setting. Sociohistorical Theology of Asia. Ph.D. 1990FU. Ph.D.1987 SWBTS. Ph.D.1986 UTS/NY.

114 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH

Sun, Soon-Hwa. 19.46 Thompson, Nehemiah. 20.11 Women, Religion, and Power: A Comparative The Formation of Indian Christian Social Ethics: Study of Korean Shamans and Women Ministers. Contributions of M. M. Thomas and S. L. Parmar v Ph.D. 1991 DU. in Light of Gandhian Thought. Ph.D. 1986 DU. Vadakkekara, George M. 22.1 Sung,Kee Ho. 19.47 Absolute, Sachchii:lananda and Supermind: The The'Doctrine of the Second Advent of Jesus Christ Tienou, Tite. 20.12 Concel't of God in the Philosophr of Sri in the Writings of Albert B.Simpson. The Problem of Methodology in African Christian Aurobindo Within the Context 0 Hindu­ Ph.D. 1990DU. Theologies. Christian Dialogue. Ph.D. 1984 FuTS. Ph.D. 1987 GTU. Sunquist, ScottWilliams. 19.48 Titaley, John A. 20.13 Van Vugt, Johannes Petrus. 22.2 Narsai and the Persians: A Study in Cultural A Sociohistorical Analysis of the Pancasila in the Democratic Organization for Social Contact and Conflict. Light of Royal Ideology in the Davidic State. Transformation: A Comparative Case Study of Ph.D. 1989 PTS. TJi.D.1991 GTU. Latin American Christian Base Communities and Literacy Campaigns. Swanson, Jeffrey Wallace. 19.49 Todd, GaryLee. 20.14 Ph.D. 1989 UC/I. The Moral ~areer of the Missionary. American Perceptions of China, 1840-1860. Ph.D. 1985 YU. Ph.D. 1987 un. Vanden Eyleel, MyrnaLynbritt. 22.3 A Comparative Study of the Political and Social Swanson, TodDillon. 19.50 Tourangeau, Ronald Norman. 20.15 Activism of New Religious Groups in Colombia. A Crown of Ya~e: Mission Christs and Visual Art as Metaphor: Understanding Ph.D. 1986 GWU. Indigenous Christa in South America. Anishinabe S irituaJ.ity and Christianity. Ph.D. 1988 UCh. Ph.D. 1990GtU. Vander Steen, DirkWillem. 22.4 A Study of Stress Factors Related to the Attrition of Christian Reformed Church Missionary Personnel in a West African Work Environment. In this bibliography Ed.D. 1987 WMU. Vendley, William F. 22.5 Theological Pluralism and the Theological missiology tends Method of Karl Rahner. to be dominated Ph.D. 1983 FU. Verastique, Bernardino. 22.6 by abstract theology. Collision of Utopias: Vasco de Quiroga's Mission to the Purhepecha-Chichimec of Midioacan, Mexico, 1537-1565. Th.D.1990H. Trench, William C. 20.16 Vigen,James Bruce. 22.7 The Social Gospel and the City: Implication for A Historical and Missiological Account of the T Theological Reconstruction. Pioneer Missionaries in the Establishment of the Ph.D. 1986 BU. American Lutheran Mission in Southeast Tapia, Elizabeth Santiago. 20.1 Madagascar, 1887-1911: John P. and Oline The Contribution of Philippine Christian Women Trexler, Jeffrey Alan. 20.17 Hogstad. to Asian Women's Theology. Education with the Soul of a Church: The Yale Th.D.1991 LSTC. Ph.D. 1988 CGS. Foreign Missionary Society and the Democratic Ideal. Vikner, David Walter. 22.8 Tashjian, Jirar S. 20.2 Ph.D.1991 DuU. The Role of Christian Missions in the The Social Setting of the Mission Charge in Q. Establishment of Hong Kong's System of Ph.D. 1987 CGS. Turaki, Yusufu. 20.18 Education. The Institutionalization of the Inferior Status and Ed.D. 1987 CU/UTS. Taylor, MarkLewis. 20.3 Socia-Political Role of the Non-Muslim Groups in Religious Dimensions in Cultural Anthropology: the Colonial Hierarchical Structure of the Villafane, Eldin. 22.9 The Religious in the Cross-Cultural Hermeneutics Northern Region of Nigeria: A Social-Ethical Toward an Hispanic American Pentecostal Social of Claucfe Levi-Strauss and Marvin Harris. Analysis of the Colonial Legacy. Ethic, with Special Reference to North Eastern Ph.D.1982 UCh. Ph.D.1982 BU. United States. Ph.D. 1988 BU. Turner, Barbara G. 20.19 Teasdale, Wayne. 20.4 Judaism: Possibility of New Pers~ves-A Viviers, Gerardo Cristiano 22.10 Toward a Christian Vedanta: The Encounter of Study in Contemporary American Christian Hinduism and Christianity According to Bebe Christian Political Witness of the Church of the Theology. Poor: A Study of the Political Ecclesiology of the Griffiths. Ph.D. 1982 MaU. Ph.D. 1985 FU. Basic Ecclesial Communities in Brazil. Ph.D. 1984 PTS. Turner, Jack David. 20.20 Terry, John Mark. 20.5 A Rhetorical Analysis of Liberation Theology. An Analysis of Growth Among Southern Baptist Ph.D.1987 OhU. Churches on Mindanao, Philippines, 1951-1985. Ph.D.1986 SWBTS. Tweed, Thomas Anthony. 20.21 w The American Encounter with Buddhism, 1844­ Thangaraj, M. Thomas. 20.6 1912:Responses to Buddhism, Dissent and Toward a Tamil Christology: The Concept of Consent, and Victorian Religious Culture. Wagner, Sandra Elaine. 23.1 Guru in Saiva Siddhanta as a Christological Ph.D. 1989 SUo Sojourners among Stransers: The First Two Model. Companies of MiSsionanes to the Sandwich Th.D.1983 H. Twesigye, Emmanuel Kalenzi. 20.22 Islands. 1986 IIAnonymous Christianity" and Human Existence Ph.D. UHi. Thomas, Gloria Blanchfield. 20.7 in African Perspective: A Study Based on Karl Ecc1esialAuthority: A Study of the Conflicting Rahner's Philosophical Theology. Waldstein, Michael. 23.2 Perspectives of Leonardo Boff,Liberation Ph.D. 1983 VUe The Mission of Jesus in John: Probes into the Theologian, and the Congregation for the . IIApocryphon of [ohn" and the Gospel of John. Doctririe of the Faith. Th.D.1990H. Ph.D. 1988 DU. Walker, RandiJones. 23.3 Thomas, Thannikapurathoot Jacob. 20.8 u Protestantism in the Sangre deCristos: Factors in The Idea of Person-in-Community as a the Growth and Decline of the Hispanic Theological and Ethical Concept m the Writings Udoh, EnyiBen. 21.1 Protestant Churches in Northern New Mexico of M. M. Thomas. and Southern Colorado, 1850-1920. Ph.D. 1986 UTS/NY. Guest Cliristology: An Interpretive View of the Christological Problem in AIrica. Ph.D. 1983 CGS. Thompson, Jesse Glen. 20.9 Ph.D. 1983 PTS. Factors Related to Retention of Teaching and Waltermire, Donald Eugene, Jr. 23.4 Missionary Personnel in Overseas WorK Utuk, Efiong Sam. 21.2 The Liberation Christologies of Leonardo Boff Environments. Africa and the Making of Ecumenical Mission and Jon Sobrino: Latin American Contributions to Ed.D. 1982 UHo. Mandates 1900-1958. Contemporary Christology. Ph.D. 1988 PTS. Ph.D. 1990SBTS. Thompson, Michael D. 20.10 The Holy Spirit and Human Instrumentality in the Training of New Converts: An Evaluation of the Missiological Thought of Roland Allen. Ph.D. 1989 GGBTS.

116 INTERNATIONAL BULLETINOF MISSIONARY REsEARCH Wan-Tatah, Victor Fon. 23.5 Williams, Lewin Lascelles. 23.19 Yirenkyi, Kwasi. 25.2 An Inquiry on the Relevance of Latin American The Indigenization of Theology in the Caribbean. Transition and the Quest for Identity: A Socia­ Liberation Theology to West African Christianity Ph.D. 1989 UTS/NY. Ethical Study on the Problem of Identity and through a Cameroonian Case Study. Political Role of the Ghanaian Clergy in a Th.D. 1984H. Williamson, James Gray. 23.20 Modernizing Society. Christianity and Other Religions: The Approaches Ph.D. 1984 UPi. Warren, William Henry, III. 23.6 of Raimundo Panikkar andRobert C. Zaehner, "Kairos" and Liberation: A Critical Comparison Ph.D. 1988 BayU. of the Theologies of History of Paul Tillich and Selected Latin AmericanLiberation Theologians. Wilson, Ernest Gerald. 23.21 Yoder, Lawrence McCulloh. 25.3 Ph.D. 1989 EU. The Christian and Missionary Alliance: The Introduction and Expression of Islam and Developments and Modifications of Its Original Christianity in the Cultural Context of North Watney, Paul Blanckenberg. 23.7 Objectives. Central Java. Contextualization and its Biblical Precedents. Ph.D. 1984 NYU. Ph.D. 1987 FuTS. Ph.D. 1985 FuTS.

Watson, J.Woods. 23.8 Baptists in Guadalajara, Mexico: A Missiological Evaluation. Missiology needs to see Ph.D. 1991 SWBTS.

Wattimury, Robert J. 23.9 how theology is lived in the A Christological Model for Indonesia. Ph.D. 1991 BayU. homes and market places Weaver, Dorothy Jean. 23.10 of Christian communities. The Missionary Discourse in the Gospel of Matthew: A Literary Critical Analysis. Ph.D. 1987 UTS/V. Wilson, Richard Francis. 23.22 Yohn,SusanMitchell. 25.4 Welch, Sharon Diane. 23.11 Human Liberation and Theology: An Religion, Pluralism, and Limits of Progressive The Battle for Truth: Foucault, Liberation Examination of the Theology ofGustavo Reform: Presbyterian Women Home Missionaries Theology and the Insurrection of Subjugated Gutierrez, James H. Cone, and Mary Daly. in New Mexico, 1870-1930. Knowledges. Ph.D. 1982 SBTS. Ph.D. 1987 NYU. Ph.D. 1982 VU. 23.23 Yoshida, Ryo. 25.5 Ha~ Wisley, Thomas. Wells, Lee. 23.12 Dynamic Biblical Christianity in the A Socio-historical Studr of the Inculturated The Problem of the Phenomenal Self: A Study of Buddhist/Marxist Context: Northeast Thailand. Religious Expression 0 Japanese Christianity in the Buddhist Doctrine of Anattawith Specific Ph.D. 1984 FuTS. SanFrancisco, 1877-1924. Regard to Buddhist-Christian Dialogue. Ph.D.1989 GTU. Ph.D. 1988 SBTS. Woo, Wesley Stephen. 23.24 Protestant Work among the Chinese in the San Young,Josiah Ulysses. 25.6 Wensell, Egil Haakon. 23.13 Francisco Bay Area, 1850-1920. BlaCK and African Theologies: Siblings or Distant River Plate College: An Historical Study of a Ph.D. 1984 GTU. Cousins? A Critical Study from a Black North Missionary Institution, 1898-1951. American Perspective. Ed.D. 1982 AnU. Wosh, Peter J. 24.25 Ph.D. 1985 UTS/NY. Bibles, Benevolence and Emerging Bureaucracy: Wessinger, Catherine Lowman. 23.14 The Persistence of the American Bible Society. Yriarte, MarQuita Elisa. 25.7 Millenarianism in the Thought of Annie Besant. Ph.D. 1988 NYU. Le~acy Ph.D. 1985 UI. A of Grace: Educational Contributions of Wright, C. Thomas. 23.26 the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary Wickeri, Philip Lauri. 23.15 A Mission Strategy for the Evangelization of in Oregon, 1859-1950. Seeking the Common Ground: Protestant Lowland Laotian Refugees in the United States. Ph.D. [988 uo-, Christianity, the Three-Self Movement and Ph.D. 1988 SWBTS. China's United Front. Ph.D. 1985 PTS. Wright, Edgar Lee. 23.27 z A Critical Examination of the Origin and Development of House Churches and Their Widder, Keith Robert. 23.16 Zike,Douglas Allen. 26.1 Together as Family: Metis Children's Response to Si~cancefor Contemporary Evangelism. T1i.D.1989 NOBTS. Transcendence: The Difference Between Secular Evangelical Protestants at the Mackinaw Mission, and Christian Liberation as Seen in Pedagogy of the 1823-1837. Owressedby Paulo Freire, and A Theology 01 Ph.D. 1989 MSU. Wu, David Cushing. 23.28 The Employment of Chinese Classical Thought in HumanHope by Rubem Alves (Brazil). Matteo Ricci's Theolo~ical Contextualization in Ph.D.1983 StLU. Wilkerson, Barbara Anne. 23.17 Sixteenth Century China. The History and Philosophy of Reli~ious Th.D.1984 PSR/GTU. Zimbelman, Joel Andrew. 26.2 Education in the Christian and Missionary Theological Ethics and Politics in the Thought of Alliance. Juan Luis Segundo and John Howard Yoder. Ed.D. 1989 RU. y Ph.D. 1986 UV. Wilkin, Paul David. 23.18 The Bottom of the Hea'p: Educational Deprivation Yi, Young-suk. 25.1 and Its Social Implications in the Northwestern Liberal Protestant Leaders Working for Social Province of Zambia, 1906-1945. Change: South Korea, 1957-1984. Ph.D. 1983 SyrU. Ph.D. 1990UOr.

July1993 117 Index of Subjects

References are to dissertation number.

Aborigines (Australia), 14.8 American Friends Service Committee, 12.25 Batak Protestant Christian Church (Indonesia), Acculturation, 1.6,3.12,8.16, 11.12, 12.2, 14.1, American Indians. SeeNative Americants) 14.17 18.22. Seealso Culture change; American Lutheran Mission, 22.7 Belief systems. SeeWorldview Contextualization; Inculturation; Indig­ American Methodist Episcopal Church, 2.17. See Bermuda, 19.17 enous church; Indigenous theology alsoMethodist Church Besant, Annie, 23.14 Acts of the Apostles, 4.1S,14.5 American Pentecostalism, 6.9 Bhagavadgita (Hindu), 4.2 Adjustment s1

118 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH

Children, third culture, 15.1. Seealso Missionary Japanese Canadian, 13.45 Korea, 25.1 children Korean Presbyterian, 12.8 liberation theology, 19.2 Chile, 19.7 media, 10.8 Luke-Acts, 4.18 China. Seealso Chinese; Chinese American; Hong Peru, 13.18 Malawi, 19.21 Kong; Watchman Nee role in economic development, 1.4 Mexico, 13.28 American Board, 8.6 South India, 16.11 Mizo (Northeast India), 8.16 American century, 10.5 Thomas, M. M., view of, 13.29 Nicaragua, 19.2 American perceptions, 20.14 Church growth social, 13.22 ancestor practices, 19.27 Evangelical (Guatemala), 8.8 South Africa, 13.38, 19.38 anti-Christian movements, 3.19 .Hispanic, 23.3 Tanzania, 13.3 common ~ound for Christianity, 23.15 indigenous missions in India, 16.22 Zaire, 16.14 conflict WIthChristianity, 12.17 Korean, 12.5, 13.52 Curse on Ham's descendants, impact on Mbala contextualization, 23.28 Korean (United States), 8.5 (Zaire) Mennonite Brethren, 12.22 education, 3.25, 11.8 quality of, 19.26 indis.enous church movement, 3.19 Southern Baptist (Philippines), 20.5 Jesuits, 6.5, 6.6 South India, 16.11 Daly, Mary, 23.22 London Missionary Society, 16.4 Church of Christ in Zaire, 13.32 Dancing as cultural response to evangelization mission in treaty ports, 16.2 Church of England (Melanesia), 19.32 (Biaka, Central African Republic), 11.23 Protestant missionaries and religious stranger Church of Goa (Mexico), 13.11 De Mogrovejo, Santo Toribio, 13".18 concept, 14.2 Civil religion (Indonesia), 16.30 Death, 3.26, 7.18 reform,~.25 Cobb, Jolin B., 11.4 Democracy, 12.24,20.17,22.2 Ricci, Matteo, 6.6 Colombia, 3.15, 22.3 Demonic and the atonement (Africa), 5.3 "righteousness" in Confucian society, 19.42 Colonialism, 4.12, 14.14,20.18 Denominational change and immigration, 13.25 Roman Catholic Church, 3.16, 6.6 Comanche traditional religion (United States), 7.5 De Silva, Lynn A., 4.8 schools, 7.14 Communication, cross-cultural, 1.8, 3.2, 11.22, Devanandan, P. D., 13.6 theology of revival, 12.4 12.21, 15.5, 16.16, 19.31 Dialogue women and Christianity, 11.31 Community, 3.37, 7.23,12.13,12.17,20.8. See also Christian-African traditional religions, 2.23 women missionaries, 4.10 Base communities Christian-Buddhist, 4.8, 9.4, 18.23,23.12 Yale Foreign Missionary Society, 20.17 Comunidades Eclesiales deBase. SeeBase communi­ Christian-Hindu, 22.1 Chinese ties Christian-Jewish, 2.16,3.44,5.9,7.12 language and Bible translation, 12.15 Cone, James H., 2.18, 11.28, 18.20, 23.22. See also Christian-Muslim, 11.21,19.1 immigrants (United States), 23.24 Black theology Christian-Nahua (Aztec, Mexico), 2.22 Chinese American, 16.24 Confucianism, 11.16,13.24,18.11, 19.42 Christology in, 3.8 Christ. See Christology Congar, Yves, 13.1 ecumenical, 11.10 Christian and Missionary Alliance, 3.11, 4.19, Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, 20.7 gender issues in, 15.3 19.47,23.17,23.21 Congregational Church, 8.6, 16.2, 18.14 Godhead as theological foundation of, 12.3 Christian education. SeeEducation; Education, Connecticut Missionary Society, 18.14 interfaith, 18.6 theological Consolata (Kenya), 14.14 international theological, 7.11 Christian leadership education. SeeEducation, Contextualization, 11.18, 16.20. Seealso Accultura­ interreligious, 12.3 theolo~ical tion; Inculturation; Indigenous church; Samartha's contribution, 4.11 Christian Missionary Fellowship, 5.10 Indigenous theology Diglossia, 6.8 Christian Reformed Church, 22.4 biblical precedents, 23.7 Discipling, 12.23. See alsoEducation; Education, Christian social thought movement (Korea), 25.1 Costa Rica, 18.12 theological Christianity. See also African American; African ethics, 19.27 Dussel, Enrique, 7.11 theofogy; Black theology; Liberation Germany, 18.22 Dutch Reformed Church (South Africa), 7.6 theology; Theology Hindu Bhakti, 1.8 American Protestant, in E~t, 3.17 Kenya, 14.3 and Buddhism. SeeBuddliism puberty rites (Zaire), 16.14 East Asia. Seeundercountrynames; also Asia; and Confucianism, 11.16, 18.11 soteriology, 3.29 Buddhism; Confucianism and Hinduism, 1.8, 13.6, 18.8,20.4,22.1 Sri Lanka, 3.18 Ecclesiastical communities, basic. See Base and Islam. SeeIslam structural narrative, 8.1 communities and Judaism. SeeJudaism structural semantics, 19.42 Ecclesiology and Native Americans. SeeNative trainin~ Hispanic leaders, 8.7 African, 13.30 Americanfs) Una (Inan [aya) worldview, 12.21 Catholic African-American mission, 16.15 and other religions, 11.29, 23.20 Yoido Full Gospel Church (Korea), 13.52 Catholic missionaries (Papua New Guinea), and pluralism. SeePluralism Conversion. See also Acculturation; Culture 8.17 and resistance to apartheid, 7.19 change; Inculturation; Soteriology Congar, Yves, 13.1 and socialism (Tanzania), 11.2 American frontier, 13.22 Congregational Church, 18.14 and traditional religions. SeeTraditional consequences of, 3.9 ecclesiaI authority, 20.7 religion(s) Guatemala, 5.16 in liberation theology, 13.35,14.13,18.13 anonymous, 20.22 India, 18.8 Malawi, 13.30 as ethnic identity (Yup'ik, Alaska), 10.6 Jesuit attitude toward baptism, 15.4 Methodist mission norm, 13.16 disruptive effect (China), 12.17 methodology,13.22 political, 22.10 dynamic biblical, in Northeast Thailand, 23.23 missionary, 1.15 Vatican councils, 11.3 Ewe (West Africa), 1.17 Native American attitude toward baptism, Watchman Nee, 16.1 Hebrew, 11.24 15.4 Zaire, 13.32 JaJ?aneseindigenized, 19.34 nature of, 3.9 Eckhart, Meister, 12.3 Christianization. SeeAcculturation; Conversion; of slaves, 19.6, 19.41 Economic development, 1.4, 11.11 Culture change; Education; Evangelism; Ta~alog (Philippines), 18.1 Ecuador, 11.27 Inculturation; Soteriology; Missiology universal expenence of, 13.20 Ecumenical movement Christology Cope, Mother Marianne, 12.13 Africa, 21.2 African, 18.3,21.1 Costa Rica, 18.12 Christian statesmanship, 18.18 and pluralism, 12.16 Cote d'Ivoire, 11.22 development and the Caribbean Council of Asian, 16.13 Counseling, pastoral, 1.13, 11.17, 13.3 Churches, 3.43 black and white feminist, 7.17 Covenant theology (South Africa), 7.6 dialo~e, 11.10 BoH,Leonardo, 4.16, 16.17,23.4 Cragg, Kenneth,lU.7 histoncal consciousness of, 9.1 conflicting forms, 2.2 Cross-cultural contact. Seealso Communication, Malawi, 13.30 for Indonesia, 23.9 cross-cultural; Dialogue: Education; mission mandates, 21.2 Indian, 13.8 Education, theological; Intercultural contact theory of justice, 1.9 interreligous dialogue, 3.8 content in Luke-Acts, 4.18, Education. See also Education, theological Jesus' mission, 23.2 hermeneutics, 20.3 Africa, 11.7 Latin American contributions, 23.4 skills, 3.11, 14.6 American Methodist Episcopal (Peru), 2.17 liberation theology, 2.3, 3.4,4.16, 16.17 Cross. See Christology; Soteriology and ritual improvisation in slave community, Panikkar, Raimundo, 2.19 Cuba, 18.17 13.7 second advent, 19.47 Culture. See underethnicnames; also Acculturation; Association of Christian Schools Interna­ Smith, Wilfred C., 2.19 Contextualization; Cross-cultural contact; tional, 18.9 South American indigenous, 19.50 Culture change; Dialogue; Inculturation; base community contributions to (Brazil), 6.3 Tamil, 20.6 Intercultural contact below-standard mission systems (Zambia), Watchman Nee, 16.1 Culture change. See also underethnicnames; also 23.18 Christus Victorview of atonement (Africa), 5.3 Acculturation; Contextualization; Cross­ Bible college movement, 13.21 Church. Seealso Base communities; Christianity; cultural contact; Inculturation; Intercultural Catholic contributions to (Oregon), 25.7 Church growth; Ecclesiology; Indigenous contact China, 3.25, 7.14, 11.8, 20.17 church African American slaves, 19.41 Christian and Missionary Alliance, 4.19,23.17 and Messianic Judaism, 11.24 and Bible translation, 16.21 Fisher, Welthy (China and India), 11.8 Catholic, in Haiti, 13.9 and mission strategy, 11.3 for Native American-White relations, 13.36 development, 12.2 Asian Indians in the United States, 1.6 for theologians teaching in non-Western ethnic conflict resolution, 16.25 Batak church (Indonesia), 14.17 context, 3.10 Hispanic Protestant, 23.3 education for, 6.3 Hong Kong, 22.8 house, 23.27 Haiti, 13.14 India, 11.8 Kenya, 14.3

120 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Jesuit, 3.9 Freire, Paulo, 1.12, 26.1 emergence of a church in south, 16.11 learning styles (Melanesia), 19.5 Frontier mission, 13.16, 13.22, 18.14 emergence of liberation theology, 13.47 liberation model (Fiji),13.23 Foucault, Michel, 23.11 immigrants in United States, 1.0 Methodist, 2.17, 8.11 Fundamentalism, Islamic and Christian, 3.17 immigrants in Virgin Islands, 13.25 Nazarene mission schools, 7.22 indigenous missions, 16.22 Nigeria, 3.24 leadership, 2.5 Peru, 2.17 Galatians, translation of, 2.11 nineteenth and twentieth century mission, Presbyterian Trainin~ College (Ghana), 4.24 Galilee, fourth century [ewish-Christian relations, 4.13 retention of teachers in overseas contexts, 20.9 7.12 Presbyterian women, 2.13 role of dialogue, 1.12 Gbaya (Cameroon), 3.29 Reformed Church of America, 4.4 Roman Catholic, 25.7 Gender Seventh-Day Adventist, 16.20 third-culture children, 15.1 feminism, 12.25 theological education, 16.20 Yale Foreign Missionary Society (China), 20.17 feminist theology, 3.31, 4.14, 23.22 Thomas, M. M., 16.16 Zaire, 4.19 in interreligious dialogue, 15.3 women's church roles, 1.16 Education, theological. See also Education in Protestant schools in China, 7.14 Indiants), SeeIndia; Native Americants) by extension, 12.14, 13.11 German-speaking Europe, 2.4 Indigenous church, 3.19, 3.36, 10.6, 12.2, 16.22, Christian and Missionary Alliance, 23.17 Ghana, 1.2, 1.5,2.18,4.24,7.2, 14.18, 15.5, 25.2 19.34 contextualization in, 8.7 Gisu (Uganda), 14.1 Indigenous theology. Seealso Liberation theology creativity for, 3.10 Glossolalia, 6.8 Africa, 5.7,7.6,-16.10, 13.49, 13.51,20.12 Costa Rica, 18.12 God, concept of, 8.22, 10.2, 12.3, 18.23,22.1. See Akan (Ghana), 1.5 dialogue in, 1.12 also Theology Caribbean, 23.19 Europe, 2.4 Gospel, 1.6,20.16. Seealso undervarious New "Christs" in South America, 19.50 for leadership, 5.10 Testament books; also underthefollowing folk Catholicism (Mexico), 23.8 Ghana, 4.24 headings, including cross-references: Korea, 11.20 Hispanics, 8.7, 16.29 Liberation theology; Theology Yawo (Malawi) marriage, 11.5 india, 16.20 Gospel of John. See JOM, Gospel of Indonesia Indonesia, 6.4 Gospel of Luke. SeeLuke-Acts Batak Protestant Christian Church, 14.17 Mexico, 13.28 Gospel of Matthew. SeeMatthew, Gospel of Christology, 23.9 nature of, 19.33 Government relations, 14.14 identity, 4.3 Nigeria, 3.35 Great commission, literary context of, 13.19 Islam and Christianity in Java, 25.3 of converts, 20.10 Griffiths, Bede, 20.4 pancasila, 4.3, 16.30,20.13 Southeast Asia, 12.20 Growth. See Church growth theological education, 6.4 Edwards, Jonathan, 4.6 Guadalupan narrative, 1.15 Una (Irian [aya) worldview, 12.21 Egypt,3.17 Guardim, Romano, 18.4 Initiation rite, 14.1, 14.3 Erection, divine, 8.2 Guatemala, 2.24, 3.23, 5.16, 8.8, 19.12 Intercultural contact, 5.11, 8.6, 8.19, 13.36. Seealso Eliot, John, 3.34 Guilt and shame (Korea), 11.17 Cross-cultural contact; Dialogue Empowerment of Chicanos, 3.1 Guru as Christological model, 20.6 Interfaith dialogue. SeeDialogue Encounter. See Cross-cultural contact; Dialogue; Gutierrez, Gustavo, 3.5, 19.35,23.22. See also International Christian schools, 18.9 Intercultural contact Liberation theology Internationalization, 7.22 Erikson, Erik, 5.18 Christology,4.16 Interpersonal skills, 3.11 Eschatology. See also Millenarianism concepts ofGod, 8.22 Interreligious dialogue. SeeDialogue Karl Barth and mission theology, 19.44 eccleslology,14.13 Inuit (Canada), 4.7 Muslim, 9.3 liberationfheology, 2.8, 7.21, 13.29 Iran, 13.4, 19.2 Eskimo. See Inuit; Yup'ik politics, 3.40 Ireland, 15.2 Ethics salvation, 11.9 Irian Jaya (West New Guinea), 12.21. Seealso African, 18.7 socialism, 13.40 Papua New Guinea Hispanic American Pentecostal, 22.9 Theology of Liberation, 2.8 Islam, 10.7 Hong Kong, 19.27 Guyana, 10.25 African American, 18.21 Igbo (Nigeria), 15.11 Christian dialo~e with, 11.21, 19.1 Iildia,20.11 Egyptian Sunm, 3.17 mission in Paul's, 7.15 Habermas, Jiirgen, 3.5 encounter with Christianity, 8.18, 8.21, 11.29 perspective on anthropology and ethics of Haiti, 13.9, 13.14 encounter with traditional religions, 11.29 Barth, 9.2 Hakka (Hong Kong), 3.37 eschatology, 9.3 political, in Minjungtheology, 11.32 Ham's descendants, curse on, 12.22 folk religion, 7.16 Segundo, Juan, 26.2 Harris, Marvin, 20.3 Java (Indonesia), 25.3 subversive ethic of liberation theology, 13.44 Hawaii, 12.13, 13.37,23.1 Muhammad, 7.20 Yoder, John, 26.2 Healing methods, 11.20, 19.43 Ondo-Yoruba (Nigeria), 15.9 Ethnicity, 10.6. See also Identity Hebrew Christianity, 11.24 perceptions of Christians, 13.13 Ethnocentrism, 1.9, 1.15 Hebrew language and translation, 12.15 Sudan, 11.29 Eucharist,7.2 Henshaw, James Ene, 5.4 Israel, 1.10 Europe, 1.9, 2.4 Hermeneutics Italian immigrants (United States), 2.15 Evangelical Churches of West Africa (Nigeria), African, 14.12, 15.12 Ivory Coast. SeeCOte d'Ivoire 3.35 cross-cultural, 20.3 Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New feminist and liberation, 4.14 Guinea, 12.18 liberation, 8.14, 16.27 Japan, 5.13, 14.4, 19.34 Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference, 7.24 New Testament receptor-oriented, 3.2 Japanese immigrants (North America), 13.45,25.5 Evangelical Protestants, 8.8, 12.2, 19.13,23.16 Hick, John, 7.8, 19.39 Java (Indonesia), 25.3 Evangelii Nuntiandi, 19.10 Hinduism, 1.8, 13.6, 18.8, 20.4, 22.1 Jeremiah and liberation theology, 18.15 Evangelism Hispanic American, 4.17, 8.7, 10.4, 16.29,22.9,23.3 Jesuit, 3.9, 6.5, 6.6, 7.13, 15.2, 15.4 Basel Mission in Cameroon, 12.11 Hispanics, reaching undocumented, 16.3 Jesus Christ, 16.13, 19.47,23.2. Seealso Christology Canada, 19.3 History, interpretation of, 7.23, 9.1, 13.42, 16.7, [ewish-Christian contact. SeeChristianity; Hispanic, 16.3, 16.29 23.6 Dialogue; Judaism house churches, 23.27 Hogstad, John P. and Oline, 22.7 Jews, mission to, 5.17 Korea, 8.12 Hory Spirit, 6.8, 11.14,20.10 John, Gospel of, 15.7, 16.26,23.2 response of Biaka pygmies (Central African Home mission, 7.24, 25.4 Jones, E. Stanler, 13.6 Republic), 11.23 Homogeneous unit principle, 2.7 Joseph of the Tiberias, 7.12 Student Volunteer Movement, 18.2 Hong Kong, 3.37, 228 Journey, Paul's first missionary, 14.5 Evangelization, See Evangelism House churches, 23.27 Judaism Ewe (West Africa), 1.17 Human rights, 3.7 controversy with, 19.19 Exclusivism in religion, 11.19 Humanity, nature of, 3.21, 13.49, 19.30,20.22 dialogue with, 2.16,5.9,3.44 Exodus, 4.23 Hunger, world, 4.15 Mattfiew, 2.16 Messianic, 11.24 mission and, 5.17 Faduma, Orishatukeh, 13.34 Identity, 1.2,4.3,4.10, 10.6,25.2 perspectives on, 20.19 Faith, 4.20, 8.11, 8.15 Igbo (Nigeria), 1.11, 15.11 relations with, 7.12 Faithfulness, guilt, and shame in Korean women, Iinmigrant communities, 2.15, 8.5, 8.9, 11.12, 13.25, Romans, 5.9 11.17 13.45,25.5 Tillich, Paul, 5.1 Family, 1.13,8.9, 10.4, 13.3, 13.24, 13.50 Inclusivism in religion, 11.19 Justice. See also Base communities; Liberation Fate,4.2 Inculturation, 5.6, 7.2, 10.9, 14.3,25.5. Seealso theology Felt needs, 11.25 Acculturation; Contextualization; and liberation theology, 7.3, 18.20 Feminism. See Gender Indigenous church; Indigenous theology and peace ministry (Tanzania), 19.23 Fiji,13.23,16.25 India commitment to by missionary children, 19.16 First missionary journey, Paul's, 14.5 approach to Hinduism, 13.6 ecumenical theory of, 1.9 Fisher, WeIth}'Honsinger, 11.8 Christian families in south, 13.50 Ghana, 1.2 Folk religion, 3.6, 3.26,7.16,23.8. See also Christian minority, 13.33 Tanzania, 7.7 Traditional reli~ion(s) Christian response to Hindu Bhakti, 1.8 Thailand, 2.10 Franciscan Commumty, Syracuse, 12.13 Christian social ethics, 20.11 Tonghak revolution (Korea), 14.16 Fraternidad Teo16$ica Latinoamericana, 14.15, 19.24 Christology,13.8 Just war, 19.29 Freedom of religion, 3.30, 11.27 conversion and pastoral care, 18.8 education, 11.8

July 1993 121 Kairos, concept of, 23.6 Methodist church (Brazil), 8.11 implications of modernization and seculariza­ Karma, 4.2 Miguez-Bonino, Jose, 3.39 tion,14.10 Kasai (Zaire), 13.43 Miranda, Jose, 5.8, 10.1 implications of Islam, 7.16,9.3 Kenya, 5.10, 11.11,14.14 model for pastoral action, 18.16 in American Baptist churches, 19.20 Kingdom of God, 1.14, 4.8a narrative poetics, 7.21 Lutheran, 12.18 Kingship, African, 1.14 of faith and works, 8.15 McGavran, Donald, 2.21, 13.26 Kolo, David A., 19.5 Peru, 14.13 Methodist, 13.16 Korea. SeealsoMinjung theology political aspects, 16.18, 16.23, 19.7 Nevius, John L., 3.20 Appenzeller, Henry Gerhard, 4.5 politics in, 3.40 Newbigin, Lesslie,8.20 church ancestral practices, 3.26 Pungryu theology (Korea), 16.5 Seventh-Day Adventist, 19.9 contextualization,l1.18 relevance in Amca, 23.5 study of Muhammad, 7.20 evangelism, 8.12 religion and the struggle for hegemony, 4.9 Missionaries folk religion (Korea), 3.26 rhetorical analysis of, 20.20 African American Roman Catholic, 16.15 healing methods, 11.20 Sider, Ronald, 3.39 American Board experiences and attitudes liberalProtestant leaders and social change, social transformation, 19.2 (China), 8.6 25.1 stimulus to alternate religious forms, 5.16 attrition among (West Africa), 22.4 marriage and family, 13.24 subversive ethic of, 13.44 Baptist, 12.1 Moffett, Samuel Austin, 12.6 suffering in, 3.28 Bulgaria, 14.7 Myuko worldview, 11.15 the poor, 18.13, 19.36 conversion of, 1.15 neo-Confucianism, 11.16 theology of history, 23.6 creating misperceptions of China, 10.5 prayer mountain, 12.10 Theology of Liberation, 2.8 Iran,13A Presbyterian Church, 11.18, 12.6, 12.8, 16.8, use ofthe Bible, 5.8 Islamic and Christian, 11.29 16.9 violence in, 3.14 martyrs and modernizers, 8.4 Protestant church growth, 12.5 Liege, Pierre-Andre, 19.33 Mennonite and Native Americans, 1.1 Pungryu theology, 16.5 Literacy campaigns, 22.2 moral career of, 19.49 religious freedom in South, 3.30 Little Flock. SeeWatchman Nee need for appropriate technology in Roman Catholicism, 11.16 Liturgy, 5.6, 14.3. SeealsoRitual developing countries, 18.19 Sung theology, 16.6 London Missionary Society, 16.4 and progressive reform (New Mexico), 25.4 women, 11.17, 12.8 Lonergan, Bernard, 3.42,4.20, 13.20, 18.5 preservice training, 14.6 women ministers and shamans, 19.46 LosPensamientos, 3.15 Protestant, and religious freedom (Bolivia, Yoido Full Gospel Church, 13.52 Luce, HeIl!Y, 10.5 Peru, Ecuador), 11.27 Korean immigrants (United States), 8.5, 8.9, 11.12 Lucey, Robert E., 16.29 professional identity of women (China), 4.10 Kristensen, William Brede, 10.3 Luke-Acts, cross-cultural in, 4.18 religious stranger (China), 14.2 Luther, Martin, 8.15 retention of, 20.9 Lutheran, 7.24, 12.18, 16.27, 18.3,22.7 single, 19.28 Labrador, 4.7 Lutheran Church, Andhra Evangelical, 16.11 Missionary children, 13.39, 19.11, 19.16 LaRazaCosmica, 7.25 Lutuli, Albert, 7.19 Missionary discourse in Matthew, 23.10 Lame, Manuel Quintin, 3.15 Missionary journey, Paul's first, 14.5 Laotian refugees (United States), 23.26 Missionts) Latin America, 1.12,3.6,4.9,5.14, 19.4, 19.50, 23.4. Maasai (East Africa), 16.28 Africa, 21.2 Seealsoundernamesof countries andethnic Mbala (Zaire), 12.22 American perceptions of China, 20.14 grou~s; alsoBase communities; Liberation Machiguenga (Peru), 19.43 American Protestant, 8.4 Mackinaw Mission (Michigan), 23.16 and hunger, 4.15 Latin ~~~n Biblical Seminary (Costa Rica), Madagascar, 22.7 and pentecostalism, 16.19 18.12 Magisterium on other religions, 2.25 as foundation of Methodism, 13.16 Latin American Theological Fraternity, 14.15, Malawi, 11.5, 13.30, 19.21 charge in Q, 20.2 19.24 Man. SeeHumanity, nature of "Christs" in South America, 19.50 Lausanne movement, 19.37 Marriage, 1.13, 11.5, 13.24, 15.11 epochs since World War 11,7.4 Leadership training. SeeEducation; Education, Martyrs, missionaries as, 8.4 eschatological, 19.44 theological Marxism, 12.9, 16.23, 19.8,23.23 establishment of education in Hong Kong, Leprosy (Molokai, Hawaii), 12.13 Mary, mother of Jesus, as religious symbol, 8.2 22.8 Levi-Strauss, Claude, 20.3 Maryknoll, 3.22, 19.15 Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference, Liberal Protestant leaders (Korea), 25.1 Masahisa, Uemura, 19.34 7.24 Liberation, 1.3,2.10,5.2,8.13, 13.23, 18.7,26.1. See Massachusett Indians, 3.34 future of Seventh-Day Adventist, 13.41 - alsoLiberation theology Matthean community, 3.41 global changes in, 7.4 Liberation theology. SeealsoBase communities; Matthew, Gospel of nome, of Congregational church, 18.14 Gutierrez, Gustavo; Political theology Law and Christian-Jewish dialogue, 2.16 impact on Zulu culture, 19.22 Africa, 23.5 literary context of ch. 28:16-20, 13.19 ~mplications of Psalms of lament, 7.18 anarchist dimension of, 4.1 missionary discourse in, 23.10 In John 4:1-42, 15.7 and Christian democracy in Latin America, missionary ex:perience of Matthean in Matthew, 1.10 12.24 community In ch. 10,3.41 Jewish-Christian, 5.17 Andean church (Peru), 10.9 mission to Israel in ch. 10:5b-6, 1.10 John Nevius, 3.20 and Jeremiah, 18.15 "righteousness," 19.42 media in, 10.8, 19.31 and political theology, 19.35 Maxakali (Brazil), 16.21 Mizoram (Northeast India), 8.16 and popular religion in Latin America, 3.6 Maya (Central America), 5.2,19.12 Papua New Guinea, 13.15 and revolution, 2.9 Mbiti, John, 2.23, 13.49 Roman Catholic, 11.3 and secular liberation, 26.1 McGavran, Donald Anderson, 2.21, 13.26 Salvation Army, 13.46 and St. Francis of Assisi, 3.32 Media, 10.8, 19.31 schools, Nazarene, 7.22 and subjugated knowledge, 23.11 Medicine, missionary, 19.43 Southern Baptist (Philippines), 20.5 Asia, 3.31, 11.30, 16.5 Melanesia, 19.5 theology of, 6.2, 7.9, 10.7, 16.26, 19.37 as indigenous self-expression, 3.36 Melanesian Mission, Church of England, 19.32 to Jews, 5.17 as political ideology, 13.48 Mennonites and Native Americans, 1.1 two-thirds world, 16.8 Assmann, Hugo, 19.8 Mennonite Brethren (Zaire), 12.22 Miwok (California), 13.27 Black, 23.22 Messianic Judaism, 11.24 Mizo (Northeast India), 8.16 Brazil, 4.14 Methodist Church, 2.14, 2.17, 8.11, 11.12, 13.16, Modernism controversy (Korea), 16.9 Chicano theology, 7.25 18.8, 19.3. SeealsoUnited Methodist Church Modernization, 4.3,8.4, 14.10, 18.4,25.2 Christology, 2.3, 4.16, 16.17,23.4 Methodist Episcopal, American, mission in Peru, Moffett, Samuel Austin, 12.6 conflict over, 2.2 2.17 Molokai lepers (Hawaii), 12.13 cross, 3.4 Methodist Theological College (Fiji), 13.23 Moltmann, Jiir~en, 19.35 ecclesial authority, 20.7 Metz, Johann Baptist, 19.8 Moravian mission (Inuit, Canada), 4.7 ecclesiology, 13.35, 14.13 Mexican American. SeeHispanic American Mormonism, Bible in, 2.1 emergence in India, 13.47 Mexico, 2.22, 5.2, 8.2, 13.11, 13.28, 19.13,22.6,23.8 Muhammad, 7.20 emergence of, 19.25 Michigan, 23.16 Music, 11.22, 11.23 empowerment of Chicanos, 3.1 Miguez-Bonino, Jose, 3.14, 3.39 Muslim. SeeIslam Exodus, 4.23 Millenarianism, 3.34, 23.14 feminist, 23.22 Ministerial training. SeeEducation, theological Habermas, Jiirgen, 3.5 Minjung theology, 11.14, 11.32, 14.16, 16.5, 16.6, Nagarjuna,18.23 hermeneutics of, 16.27 19.45,25.1 Nanua. SeeAztec ideology, critique of, 3.27 Miranda, Jose Porfiro, 5.8, 10.1 Nakura (Kenya), 14.3 in Haitian view of church, 13.9 Missiology. SeealsoStrategy; Theology of mission Narragansett (United States), 13.5 international dialogue, 7.11 African American Roman Catholic, 16.15 Narrative, 5.7, 7.21, 8.1, 13.44 justice, 7.3, 18.20 Allen, Roland, 2.21, 20.10 Narsai,19.48 just war and revolution, 19.29 and history, 13.42 Nationalist Party (South Africa), 14.11 Korea, 11.20 Appenzeller, Henry, 4.5 Native Americants) Latin America, 14.15,23.5,23.22 Assemblies of God, 13.17 and missionaries, 1.1 liberation of outcasts, 11.30 Edwards, Jonathan, 4.6 and Roger Williams, 13.5 Lonergan's method, 13.20 eschatological, 19.44 Anishinabe (Great Lakes Algonkian), 20.15 Marxist critique, 12.9 essentials of, 19.24 attitudes toward conversion and baptism, 15.4 evangelical perspective on, 19.24 Aztec (Mexico), 2.22

122 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH As BUR Y THE ' a LOG I CAL SEMINARY

Let Asbury Seminary's E. Stanley Jones School of World Mission and Evangelism . Sharpen Your Worldview , .

t Asbury Seminary, we view the whole world as a . mission field-from New York to New Guinea. That's why we've developed th~ only graduate school of mission . which teachesmissiological strategy for North . America and Europe, as well as the "Two-Thirds" . world. ~ Our innovative faculty instruct from experience, " not just theory. Students are trained to creatively engage all cultures with the gospel, including their own. JA~ At'Asbury,you'll learn to see beyond borders, over obstacles and past prejudice to touch the total person and.entire communities with the greatness of Christ. ..~ So if you're passionate about reaching the world-and your neighbor­ prepare for service at Asbury. r!~ ASBURY Degree Programs: M.A. and Th.M. in A THEOLOGICAL World Mission and Evangelism;Doctor ~•• SEMINARY ' . of Missiology and Doctor of Ministry. 204 N. Lexington Ave.• Wilmore, KY 40390-1199 1-800-2-ASBURYor 606-858-3581 Chichima (Mexico), 22.6 Poor, 18.13, 19.36,22.10,25.1. SeealsoBase Revival, 2.9, 12.4, 13.46, 18.17, 19.29 Christian education for intercultural relations, communities; Liberation theology; Political Ricci, Matteo, 6.6, 23.28 13.36 theology Ricoeur, Paul, 15.12 Comanche traditional and Christian religion, Power, 1.17,-S.9,11.25, 16.30, 19.46 RiteZarrois, 5.6 7.5 Powers, discernment of, 6.8 Ritual, 2.6, 5.6, 11.6, 14.3, 15.5, 16.21 conflict with Jesuit missionaries, 7.13 Praxis, 1.9, 10.1, 16.18, 18.10 River Plate College, 23.13 doctrine of man, 19.30 Prayer mountain (Korea), 12.10 Roman Catholic Church. Seealso Base communi­ Inuit (Canada), 4.7 Presbyterian church ties; Liberation theology Machi~enga (Peru), 19.43 Cameroun, 5.5 African-American mission, 16.15 Massachusetts, 3.34 Korea, 11.18, 12.6, 12.8, 16.8, 16.9 and Baptists in Mexico, 23.8 Maxakalf (Brazil), 16.21 Mayan (Central America), 19.12 and Korean Neo-Confucianism, 11.16 Mayan (Central America), 15.10 Kasai (Zaire), 13.43 and social change, 2.12 Miwok (California), 13.27 mission to Native Americans (Canada), 3.33 catechesis among Hispanics, 16.29 Narragansett (Michigan), 13.5 women home missionaries, 25.4 China, 3.16, 6.6, 12.17 Presbyterian mission in Canada, 3.33 women in India, 2.13 conflictin~ Christologies at Puebla, 2.2 Purhapecha (Mexico), 22.6 Presbytf:ri~n Mission. SeeUnited Presbyterian contributions to education, 25.7 Quaker relation with, 3.12 Mission ecclesial authority, 20.7 Quetzaltenango (Guatemala), 5.16 Presbyterian Training College (Ghana), 4.24 evangelization among Hispanics, 16.29 religion and resistance in ethnic literature, Price, Francis Wilson, 3.25 folk religion (Mexico), 23.S" 16.24 Price, Thomas Frederick, 19.15 Ghana, 15.5 response to Protestant mission, 23.16 Princeton Theological Seminary, 3.3 Guatemala, 3.23, 5.16 San Francisco Baf Native Americans, 13.27 Prophetic role of the church, 1.4 Haiti, 13.9, 13.14 Tzotzil (Mexico), 5.2 Protestant(s). Seealsounderdenominational names Italian immigrants in New York, 2.15 women and Christian missions, 4.12 American, 8.4 Kenya, 14.14 Yup'ik (Alaska), 10.6 and Baha'i faith, 19.40 Latin America, 5.14 Nazarene, Church of the, 7.22 and Tzolzil drinkin~, 5.2 magisterium on other religions, 2.25 Nederduitse Gerefonneerde Kerk(South Africa), aPl?roach to Hinduism, 13.6 Mayan (Central America), 19.12 14.11 ChIna, 14.2, 23.15 missionary impulse among, 4.21 Nee, Watchman. SeeWatchman Nee East African, 12.2 mission strategy, 11.3 Nelson, Eric Alfred, 12.1 evangelical (Mexico City), 19.13 mission to hunger, 4.15 Neo-Confucianism. SeeConfucianism growth and decline, 23.3 Nicaragua, 6.7 Networks, social, in urban mission, 13.15 Guatemala, 2.24 non-Christian religions, 15.6 Nevius, John Livingston, 3.20 Hakka (Hong Kong), 3.37 Papua New Guinea, 8.17 Newbigin, J. E. Lesslie,8.20 Hist'anic churches, 23.3 Purhepecha-Chichimec (Mexico), 22.6 New France (Canada and United States), 15.4 Native American response to, 23.16 Spanish North America, 7.13 New Guinea. SeeIrian Jaya; Papua New Guinea schools in China, 7.14 Sri Lanka, 3.18 New Mexico, 25.4 Proverbs 25-29, 4.2 Tanzania, 19.23 New Testament. Seeunderrespective New Psalms of lament, 7.18 Romans, Epistle to, 5.9 Testament books; alsoBible Puberty rites (Zaire), 16.14 Nicaragua, 4.9,6.7, 19.2 Puebla conference, 2.2, 19.10 Niebuhr, H. Richard, 5.18 Pungryutheology (Korea), 16.5 Sacrifice, ritual, 7.2, 11.6, 14.12,16.28 Nigeria, 1.4,3.24,3.35, 15.10, 15.11,20.18,22.4 Purhepecha (Mexico), 22.6 Saiva Siddhanta, 20.6 Nkrumah, Kwame, 1.2 Puritanism (Bermuda and the Bahamas), 19.17 Salvation. SeeSoteriology North America. Seeunderrespective countries; also Pygmies (Biaka, Central African Republic), 11.23 Salvation Army, 13.46 Native Americans Samartha, Stariley J., 4.11 Nuestra Seifora deGuadalupe, 7.25 Samburu (Kenya), 5.10 Q,20.2 Sanctification as social liberation, 11.14 Quakers, 3.12 Sandwich Islands. SeeHawaii Old Testament. Seeunderrespective OldTestament Quetzaltenango (Guatemala), 5.16 San Fernando Valley, Asian immigrants in, 1.6 books; alsoBible Qur'llnic Tafsir perceptions of Christians, 13.13 San Francisco Bay Area, 13.27, 23.24 Ondo-Yoruba (Nigeria), 15.9 Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 13.18 Oppressed people. Seeliberation; Liberation Schleiermacher, Friedrich Ernst, 10.2 . theology Racism, American, 25.5 Schools. SeeEducation; Education, theological Oregon, 25.7­ Radicalism, 12.19, 16.12 Scripture. SeeBible; Bible translation; Orientation for third-eulture children, 15.1 Rahner, Karl, 18.5,20.22,22.5 Hermeneutics; Theology Ott, Heinrich, 18.11 Rawls, John, 18.20 Secularization, 14.10,20.17 Our Lady of Guadalupe, 1.15, 7.25 Receptor-oriented hermeneutics, 3.2 Segundo, Juan Luis Outcasts. Seeliberation; liberation theology Reconciliation, 16.25, 18.7 Christology,16.17 Reformed Church in America, 4.4 ideology, critique of, 3.27 Refu8ees, Laotian, 23.26 ethics and politics of, 26.2 Piagetian model, 2.6 Religionfs).Seealso undernames ofrespective politics in theology of, 3.40 Pancasila (Indonesia), 4.3, 16.30, 20.13 religions; alsoDialogue; Follereligions; theology of faith and works, 8.15 Panikkar, Raimundo, 2.19,12.3,23.20 Traditional religion(s) Seminario Biblico Latinoamericano (Costa Rica), Papua New Guinea, 8.17, 12.18, 13.15 African-American slaves, 19.41 18.12 Parham, Charles F., 7.10 and Christianity, 23.20 Seminary. SeeEducation, theological Parliament of Religions, 19.14 and culture in Tillich, Rahner, and Lonergan, Senufo (Cote d'Ivoire), 11.22 Parmar, S. L., 20.11 18.5 Sepik region (Papua New Guinea), 8.17 Particularity, 6.1, 11.4 and immigration, 13.25 Seumois, Andre, 6.2 Pastoral role, 1.13,2.5, 11.17, 13.3, 18.8, 18.16 and national development, 11.11 Seventh-Day Adventist, 2.4, 13.41,16.20, 19.9 Paternalism, 25.5 and religionlessness in Bonhoffer, 5.13 Shamanism (Korea), 3.26,11.15, 11.20, 12.10, 19.46 Paul, St., 7.15, 8.15, 14.5 Catholic position on non-Christian, 15.6 Shame and guilt (Korea), 11.17 Peace, implications of Biblical concept, 12.18 Comanche (United States) traditional and Shin Buddhism, 9.4 Peasant organizations (Haiti), 13.14 Christian, 7.5 Sider, Ronald J., 3.39 Peck, John Mason, 13.22 commitment to by missionary children, 19.16 Simpson, Albert B.,19.47 Pedagogy oftheOppressed, 26.1 contemporary Japan, 14.4 Single missionaries, 19.28 Pedi (SOuth Africa), 13.31 culturalanthropology, 20.3 Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, 25.7 Pentecostal church(es),2.20, 5.16, 6.9, 7.10, 12.5, East Asia, 14.10 Slattery, John R., 16.15 16.19, 16.22, 19.12,22.9 encounter of (Sudan), 11.29 Slavery and conversion, 19.6, 19.41 Persians, 19.48 freedom of (South Korea), 3.30 Smith, Wilfred Cantwell, 2.19, 4.20,8.19, 10.7, 18.6 Peru, 2.17,8.22, 10.9, 11.27, 13.18, 14.13, 19.43 history of, 7.23 Sobrino, Jon, 4.16, 16.17,23.4 Phenomenology, 7.20,10.3,23.12 Islamic folk, 7.16 Sobukwe, Robert, 7.19 Philippines, 1.3,7.9,20.1,20.5 Islam (United States), 18.21 Social Pittenger, W. Norman, 11.4 methodology in study of, 10.3 associations, 13.15 Pluralism, 2.19, 8.20, 11.13, 11.19, 12.16, 13.2, 16.30, Parliament of, 19.14 change. SeeAcculturation; Contextualization; 19.39,22.5,25.4 phenomenological approaches to, 10.3 Culture change; Inculturation Poetics, narrative, and liberation theology, 7.21 pluralism, 2.19, 11.13, 11.19, 13.2 ethic, 20.11, 22.9 Political theology. SeealsoLiberation theology; popular, and liberation theology in Latin gospel, 2.17, 4.8a, 20.16 Politics America, 3.6 Justice, 2.10, 11.10 Black South African, 13.38, 19.38 relation between, 6.1 ministry, 19.23 ecclesiology, 22.10 resilience of religious traditions, 5.4 mission, 7.9, 13.46 economy,'African, 18.7 responses to modernity, 18.4 networks, 13.15 liberation, 8.13 role of (Cuba), 18.17 reconstruction, 3.30 Metz,Johann,19.8 Roman Catholic magisterium on, 2.25 responsibility, 19.37 Minjun$ theolosr, 11.32 theology of, 3.8, 8.10, 10.7, 11.26 sanctification, 11.14 radicalism, Christian, 12.19 world, m Catholic theology, 13.10 Socialism, 11.2, 13.40 role of Ghanaian clergy, 25.2 Religion, traditional. SeeTraditional religion(s) Society of the Divine Word, 8.17 suffering in, 3.28 Religious groups, activism in new (Colombia), Sociocultural change. SeeAcculturation; the sacred in political struggle (Ghana), 1.2 22.3 Contextualization; Culture change; Politics, 3.40,11.11, 16.18, 16.23, 19.17, 19.38,26.2 Revitalization movement, 2.6, 19.12 Inculturation

124 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Soteriology worldviews, 11.1 Presbyterian women home missionaries, 25.4 Akan{Ghana),1.5 kingdom of God, 13.31 religion in adaptation of Korean women, 11.12 and mission, 6.2 Korean, 11.16 Roman Catholic missionaries, 4.21 and pluralism, 12.16 Latin American perspective, 19.4 training Hispanic leaders, 8.7 contextualization of, 3.29 methodolo~, 16.27 Universalism, 3.10,6.1, 11.4, 11.26 Exodus as model, 4.23 millenariamsm, 3.34, 23.14 Urban mission, 13.15 Gutierrez, Gustavo, 11.9 of history, 9.1, 23.6 Hick, John, 7.8 of honor in Muslim-Christian encounter, 8.18 liberation theology, 3.4,4.23 of Judaism, 5.1, 20.19 Van der Leeuw, Gerardus, 10.3 Mayan (Central America), 19.12 of particularity, 11.4 Vasco de Quiroga, 22.6 South Africa of religions, 3.8, 8.10, 11.26 Vatican councils, 1.15,5.6, 7.9, 11.3 apartheid, 7.19, 14.11 of story, 5.7 Vedanta, Christian, 20.4 Basotho, 2.12 of suffering, 3.28 Venezuelan Baptist Convention, 3.36 black theology, 8.13, 11.28 of universality, 6.1, 11.4 Violence, 12.19, 14.16 Dutch Reformed Church, 7.6 person-in-community concept, 20.8 Virgin Islands, 13.25 pastoral care, 5.18 pluralism, 3.42, 19.39, 22.5 Pedi,13.31 political, 19.35 political thought, 13.38 res:ponses to modernity, 18.4 Watchman Nee, 12.7, 14.9, 16.1 political transformation, 19.38 SOCIal gospel and theological reconstruction, Way International, The, 12.12 theological thought, 13.38 20.16 Wesley, John, 8.12, 11.14 Zulus, 10.2 social sanctification in Wesley and Minjung, White Americans, 7.17,13.36 South America. See undercountryandregional 11.14 Williams, Roser, 13.5 names; also Latin America systematic, 8.14 Willing, Jenme Fowler, 2.14 South Carolina, 19.41 transcendence in Christian and secular Witchcraft (Kasal, Zaire), 13.43 Southeast Asia. See under countrynames; also Asia; liberation, 26.1 Women Buddhism use of the Bible, 5.8 and [apanese religious character, 14.4 Southern Baptist Church, 1.12, 3.36, 20.5 women and the worldwide church, 13.12 Asian theology by, 3.31, 20.1 Soyinka, Wole, 5.4 Theology, black. SeeAfrican theology; black Brazilian, 4.1~- Spain, 4.17, 7.13 tlieology Canadian Presbyterian missionary involve­ Speaking in tongues, 6.8 Theology ofHumanHope, 26.1 ment,2.13 Spiritans Catholic mission (Kenya), 14.14 Theology of mission, 6.2, 7.9, 10.7, 12.8, 16.26, Chinese, and Christianity, 11.31 Spirituality, 1.11, 1.15, 19.15, 19.46,20.15 19:37. Seealso Missiology church roles in India, 1.16 Sri Lanka, Roman Catholic contextualization in, Theology of Liberation, 2.8 ideal Hispanic, 10.4 3.18 Thomas, M. M., 13.29, 16.16,20.8,20.11 justice, equality, and participation by Statesmanship, Christian, 18.18 Three-Self Movement, 23.15 (Tanzania), 7.7 St. Francis of Assisi, 1.11, 3.32 Tillich, Paul, 1.7,5.1,8.10, 16.7, 18.5, 18.23,23.6 Korean, 11.12, 11.17, 19.46 Story. See Narrative Timothy I, Syriac letters of, 8.21 liberation, Asian, 3.31 Strategy, 3.24, 11.3, 12.11,16.3, 23.26. See also Tonghak revolution, 14.16 literature, ethnic, 16.24 Missiology Traditional religion(s). Seealso undernames of Methodist reformer, 2.14 Strong, Iosiah, -4.8a religions, also Folk religion ministers and shamans compared (Korea), Students. See also Education; Education, African, 1.11,2.23 19.46 theological and Christianity, 12.17, 14.1, 15.9 missionaries, professional identity of, 4.10 Student Volunteer Movement, 18.2, 19.18 and Tzolzil problem drinking, 5.2 Native American, and Christian missions, 4.12 Suckling, George, 23.18 Aztec, 2.22 Philippine theologians, 20.1 Sudan, 11.29 encounter with Christianity, 11.29 Pres6yterian home missionaries (New Suffering, 3.28, 19.38 encounter with Islam, 11.29 Mexico), 25.4 Sung theology (Korea), 16.6 Ewe (West Africa), 1.17 religion and resistance in women's literature, Sunni Islam -(Egyptian), 3.17 incorporated into Christianity, 20.15 16.24 Survival, struggle for, 3.15 Korea, 3.26, 12.10 role in Korean Presbyterian church, 12.8 Suzuki, D. T., 18.4 Mayan (Central America), 19.12 search for religious solutions to Tzolzil Symbols, religious, interpretation of, 8.2 Nigeria, 20.18 problem drinking, 5.2 Syncretism, 3.36, 11.15, f8.22, 20.15. See also resilience of, 5.4 solidarity of, in theology and the worldwide Assimilation; Contextualization; Culture resurgence in West Africa, 15.10 church, 13.12 change within Yup'ik (Alaska) Christianity, 10.6 Won Buddhism, 11.19 Syracuse Franciscan community, 12.13 Yoruba (West Africa), 15.8 Worldview. Seealso undervarious religions Systematic theology. SeeTheology Zulu (Southern Africa), 10.2 African and Western, 11.1 Training programs, missionary preservice, 14.6 and faith, 4.20 Transformation. SeeCulture change Haitian, 13.9 Tagalog (Philippines), 18.1 Translation, Bible. SeeBible translation Korean, 11.15 Tainil, 20.6 Trinidad, 16.25 medieval German and Christian, 18.22 Tanzania, 7.7, 11.2, 11.11, 13.3, 19.23 Tutu, Desmond, 7.19,11.28 Mexican, 23.8 Technology, appropriate, 18.19 Two-thirds world mission, 16.8 millenarian, 3.34, 23.14 Thailand,-2.10, 23.23 Tzolzil (Mexico), 5.2 religious, 4.20, 13.2 Theological education. See Education, theological Piagetian, 2.6 Theological Education by Extension, 12.14, 13.11 theory of, 2.6 Theological Fratemity, Latin American, 14.15 Uganda, 11.6, 14.1 Una (Irian [aya) and contextualization, 12.21 Theology. See also African theology; Asian Umbanda (Afro-Brazilian religion), 2.20 Zaire, 16.14 tlieolo~; black theology; Cliristology; Una (Irian [aya), 12.21 Zulu (South Africa), 10.2 Ecclesiology: God, concept of; Unevangelized, spiritual status of, 3.13 World War I and Student Volunteer Movement, Hermeneutics; Indigenous theology; United China Relief, 10.5 19.18 Liberation theology; Minjungtheology; United Front (China), 23.15 World War II, changes in mission since, 7.4 Missiology; Theology of mission United Methodist Church, 11.12, 16.14 and ideology, 16.16 United Presbyterian Mission, 5.5 and mission in American Baptist churches, United States of America. Seealso underindividual Yale Foreign Missionary Society, 20.17 19.20 states; also Black theology; Native Yawo (Malawi), 11.5 anthropologically informed, 13.31 American(s) Yoder, John Howard, 26.2 anthropology and ethics of Karl Barth, 9.2 and Spain, Hispanic youth ministries, 4.17 Yoido Full Gospel Church (Korea), 13.52 atonement and the demonic in Africa, 5.3 Christian education for intercultural relations, Yoruba (Nigeria), 15.8, 15.9 biblical, 10.1 13.36 Youth ministry, Hispanic (Chicago and Catholic, 13.10 economic and ideological penetration of Peru, Barcelona),4.17 conflicting Christologies at Puebla, 2.2 2.17 Yul§ok, Lee, 18.11 conversion as universal experience, 13.20 encounter with Buddhism, 20.21 Yup ik (Eskimo, Alaska), 10.6 discipling,12.23 Hispanic American Pentecostal social ethic, YWCA, 12.25 election and cultural plurality in Lesslie 22.9 Newbigin, 8.20 Hispanic leadership training, 8.7 eschatological mission, 19.44 Islam in, 18.21 Zaehner, Robert C., 23.20 human liberty, 14.15 Japanese Christianity in San Francisco, 25.5 Zaire, 4.19, 5.6, 12.22, 13.32, 16.14 India, 16.16 Jesuits in New France, 15.4 Zambia, 3.9, 23.18 Indonesia, 20.13 Korean church growth in, 8.5 Zen Buddhism, 1.7 in relation to African and Western popular religion and liberation theology, 3.6 Zulu (South Africa), 10.2, 19.22

July 1993 125 The Legacy of Lewis Bevan Jones Clinton Bennett

ewis Bevan Jones (1880-1960), missionary scholar and League, whichfellow BaptistJohnTackle had founded in 1911as L Baptist pioneer in Christian-Muslim relations, was born a response to the Lucknow Conference. The league coordinated at Agra, India, where his father, DanielJones (1852-1911),served missionary work among Muslims by sharing information and with the BaptistMissionarySociety (BMS).l"BevanJones," as he initiating training programs. Involvement in the work of the was known, was sent to England in 1888 to attend the School for leagueintroduced Bevan]ones to manydistinguished colleagues the Sons of Missionaries, now Eltham College. While there, he in this field, including Edward Sell, Murray Titus, and Samuel was baptized at Heath Street Baptist Church, Hamstead. Be­ Zwemer. tween 1896 and 1900 he worked for Edward Jackson, magistrate In 1924 Bevan Jones and his wife attended the third interna­ andformer mayorof Reading. BevanJones taughtSundayschool tional conference of missionaries to Muslims at Jerusalem, which at the King Street Church, where Jackson was a deacon. called for the establishment of Islamic study centers, modeled In 1900 Bevan Jones entered University College, Cardiff, in after theCairoCenter,in all major Muslimmission fields. In India his father's native Wales, where he graduated with a degree in a school of Islamics, funded by several Protestant societies, Semiticlanguagesin 1904.This wasfollowed by theB.D.from the eventually opened at Lahore in 1930, the result of an initiative of University of London, which he gained as a student at Regents the National Christian Council's Committee on Muslim work, of Park College. As a candidate for the Baptist ministry, he shared which Bevan Jones was a member. The committee unanimously in the pioneer work of R. Rowntree Clifford in the West Ham chose him to be the school's first principal, which office he held Central Mission, where evangelical zeal was effectively com­ until 1941. "Henry Martyn School" was his personal choice of a bined with social action." Not until 1941 did he receive the M.A. namefor thenewschoolhonoringthe manwhois regardedas the from Cardiff for his thesis "The Status of Women in Islam." first modern missionary to Muslims." In 1907 he was accepted for service in India by the BMSand Bevan Jones's two academic degrees, his editorship of News sailed out as his father retired because of ill health. Thereafter, and Notes, and his several Muslim World articles were excellent Bevan Jones was conscious of continuing where Daniel had qualifications for this challenging position. He headed a distin­ started. guished team drawn together to study contemporary move­ BevanJones spentthefirst twoyearsof his missionarycareer ments in Indian Islam and to prepare appropriate Christian in Agra, mastering Hindi and teaching in the school. In 1909 he literature as well as to train personnel, expatriate and national, was transferred to Dhaka (Dacca) in predominantlyMuslim East residentiallyandby extension. His colleagueswereL.E.Browne, Bengal, to work with Hindu and Muslim residents in the Baptist laterprofessorof theologyat Leeds;J.W. Sweetman,laterprofes­ Students Hostel. A gifted linguist, he added Urdu and Bengali to sor of Islam at the Selly Oak Colleges, Birmingham; and John his knowledge of languages. By 1911, when the second interna­ Subhan, later a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. All tional Missionary Conference on behalf of the Mohammedan produced major scholarly works within a few years of the World met at Lucknow, India, Bevan had turned his attention school's opening. VioletJones also lectured in the school-onthe almost exclusively to Islam.' In 1914 this specialist vocation was religious life of Muslim women-and edited a series of tracts for recognized by the BMS when the Triennial Conference (India Muslim women. and Ceylon) set him aside for Muslim work. This novel and Between 1941 and 1944 Bevan Jones pastored a church in pioneer move by the BMS determined the future direction of Delhi, after which, returning to England, he pastored a church in Bevan Jones's career. Burgess Hill, Surrey (1944-47). Until his death, he remained To equip himself more adequately, he devoted a full year active in ecumenical circles. From 1950 until 1959he chaired the (1917) to further study, learning Arabic at Temple Gairdner's London-based Fellowship of Faith for Muslims, for which he Cairo Study Center and spending six months researching at wrote several booklets, still available today. From 1950 until his Oxford. In 1915 he had married Miss Violet Rhoda Stanford, a death in 1960, he served as a non-Anglican assessor on the nurse at Berhampur Hospital, and she accompanied him to Council for the Muslim World of the Church Assembly, along­ Egypt and England. Bevan Jones's marriage has been described side other eminent scholars of Islam." as "an ideal partnership which laid the foundation for much of his future success.:" Violet Jones worked with Muslim women His Writings-Interpreting Islam and collaborated with her husband to write Woman in Islam (1941). Returning to Dhaka in 1918, they established a reading As principal of the Henry Martyn School, Bevan Jones contrib­ room in the Muslim bazaar, where they themselves made their uted three books: The People of the Mosque (1932), Christianity home in 1922. In 1920, on a part-time basis, Bevan Jones began to Explained toMuslims (1938),and, coauthored by his wife, Woman lecture on Islam at Serampore college (this was later followed by in Islam (1941). His first two books were translated into several lecturesat Bishop'sCollege,Calcutta) andassumedtheeditorship Indian languages, as his earlier best-seller, TheBestFriend: A Life of News and Notes, the organ of the Missionaries to Muslims of Our Lord (1925), had been translated into sixteen languages. This was written as a response to his own call for a new genre of Clinton Bennett, a Baptist minister, served as a missionary in Bangladesh, literature, suitable for educated Muslim readers, an idea he 1979-83. Hehas since worked withtheBangladeshi community inBirmingham, borrowed from J. N. Farquhar." England, asassociate minister ofaninner-city church, asexecutive secretary of The People of the Mosque, based on his Serampore College theCommittee forRelations with People ofOther Faiths oftheBritish Council lectures, introduced readers to Islam generally and to Indian ofChurches, andisnowLecturer in StudyofReligions at Westminster College, Islam in particular, but it also suggested how Christians should Oxford, England.

126 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH approach Muslims. The book's title indicates its tenor; it was However, in another passage, citing approvingly a Muslim concerned with people, how they thought and lived, and what friend, Bevan Jones writeswitha morepositiveattitudeaboutthe they believed. Bevan Jones's own career was people-focused, Prophet: "A Muslim who respects the name of Jesus is more reflecting his father's influence. DanielJones hadbeenrenowned likely to form a right judgement about Christianity than is a for his contact with ordinary Indians, especially with lepers. In Christian about Islam who enters his study with the conviction his candidature to the BMS,Bevan Jones had spoken of "render­ that Muhammad was an impostor."12 ing obedience" to the needs of the peoplefor whom he "hoped to Although he dealt more sympathetically with Islam than live," and of his childhood knowledge of India, together with had most previous writers, no Muslim would actually accept his "the intercourse he once had with the people," giving India a account as unbiased. Arguably the value of The People of the double claim on him." Mosque lies more in its intent than in its content. The People oftheMosque draws heavily on such works as Sir William Muir's Life ofMahomet (1858), Edward Sell's Faith ofIslam His Writings-Interpreting Christianity (1880), and Stanley Lane Poole's Studies inaMosque (1883) and on the writings of Samuel Zwemer and Temple Gairdner and of Christianity Explained to Muslims aimed to interpret Christian fellow Baptists John Tackle and William Goldsack. Bevan Jones faith for Muslims, though a secondaryobject was to "bring about better understanding between people of the two faiths.'?" In this book,BevanJones'sChristiantheologywasbroughtintocreative Jones sought to portray engagement with his study of Islam. He drew on a large number of Christian scholars, from a wide range of churchmanship and Islam so that in his writings theologicalopinion.He wasespeciallyindebtedto A.M.Fairburn, a Muslim might recognize H. R. Mackintosh, William Temple, A. G. Hogg, and Nathaniel Micklem. Themes such as incarnation and kenotic theology, and his own faith. a desire to reinterpret traditional thinking for new situations, were central. His own theological stance was described thus by John Subhan: "Bevan Jones was uncompromising in the funda­ was also familiar with the work of T. Noldeke, I. Goldziher, mentals of the Christian faith. He could not be classified as an Snouke Hurgronze, and Henri Lammens, a Belgian Jesuit. In extreme liberal or a narrow fundamentalist. He mightbe termed addition, he corresponded with Duncan Black Macdonald. orthodoxin his belief, thoughhe wouldwearno label." 14 Another Perhaps the most important element of his study of Islam writerhas described his"dominating purpose" as "theplacingof was that it was set in the context of his personal experience scholarship within the field of evangelical purposefulness.v" If, among its practitioners. His knowledge of Islam was the fruit of in the present writer's opinion, Bevan Jones may fairly be re­ direct observation as well as of academic study. He also knew garded as a liberal, this mustbe balancedby the fact that he never that Muslim authorities must ultimately be the test of any ap­ lost the ability to communicate within his evangelical Baptist praisal of Islam. He therefore studied the Qur' an, the Hadith constituency. (Traditions), especially the Mishkatu' I Masabih, and the writings Christianity Explained is an example of theological brokerage of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Sayyid Ameer Ali, Sir Ahmad at its best. In it, Bevan Jones took the ideas and emphases of his Hussain, Khudha Baksh, and Cheragh Ali." theological mentors and applied them to Islam. He attempted to Bevan Jones' s work on Islamic faith and practice introduced gleanfrom an examinationofChristiandoctrinewhathe deemed little, ifany, original material. Its value lies in the sheer skill with essential for faith in Christ. Then, in the light of Muslimprejudice which the author succeeded in reducing almost the whole of and objections, he sought to reexpress Christian faith so that, Islam's basic system into one concise, readable volume. Bevan without compromising essentials, causes of misunderstanding Jones endeavored to see Islam through Muslim eyes, to portray were removed. Fundamental to his thinking was his concept of Islam accurately and sympatheticallyso thatin whatwaswritten "essential Christianity." In the past, he believed, missionaries Muslims might recognize their own faith. He wanted to pen­ had too oftenstressedby-products of Christianityrather thanthe etrate Islam's inner meaning and was fully aware that Christian Christian message as such. His own Christianity was rooted in writers, including some of his own sources, had all too often "spiritual experience," not in "intellectual statement." For ex­ allowed bias and prejudice to color their work. He tried to move ample, in discussing the Trinity, he subordinated its "intellectual beyond traditional argument and debate to the sharing of spiri­ abstraction" to the experience that it describes: "If a Muslim can tual experience and insight, to what he called the "rarer atmo­ be brought to understand that in the doctrine of the Trinity an sphere of the things of the spirit."!" attempt is made to explain our apprehension of the redemptive He was not wholly successful in this task, and his final operation of God's Holy Spirit within us-then, though it may estimate of Muhammad was negative: "We cannot escape the still appear unacceptable to him, he will see it as no longer obligation to compareMuhammadwithJesus Christ, and,in that unreasonable and certainly not blasphemous.r'" light, seriously-minded and unprejudiced people all the world Bevan Jones suggested thatMuslims often object notto what over, whose only concern is to follow the highest, have found in Christians actually believe but to what Muslims think they Muhammad what can only be described as grave moral de­ believe. He therefore emphasized the "why" rather than the fects.'"! "what" of belief and contended that beliefs or doctrines were It must be noted, first, that very few Muslims have found essentially postexperientialattempts to describe, within the pov­ "grave moral defects" in Muhammad. Therefore, the "unpreju­ erty and limitations of human language, what peoplebelieved to diced" people referred to are almost undoubtedly Christians, be true about their experience of God. He did not"demand from prejudiced by their Christianity. Second, in comparing Christ anyone, least of all Muslims, . . . acquiescence in particular and Muhammad, Bevan Jones knew full well that he was not dogmas of the church as a condition of discipleship or as neces­ comparing like with like, from either a Christian or a Muslim sary to faith in Christ.?" viewpoint. July 1993 127 Freedom of conscience has always been central to Baptist it is not to be found in the Bible, but in the Person of Christ.?" tradition, which defends individual liberty to work out one's He also commented that, since the Gospels contain not what salvation before God free from doctrinal tyranny. Bevan Jones God said to Jesus but what their authors "had to say about what knew that Muslims would find it difficult to grasp accepted Jesus said and did," they qualify, for Muslims, as Hadith, not definitions of God and suggested that Christians should not be Scripture." He identified this as one of the most fundamental overly distressed by this. "What is really important," he said, "is stumblingblocks betweenChristians and Muslims. He believed, to know God and to do His will"; citing Henry Drummond, of too, that due to Gnostic and Docetic tendencies in early Arabian whom he thought highly, he summarized, "To become Christ­ Christianity, Muslims were victims of an ancient misunder­ like is the only thing in the world worth caring for."18 standingaboutthe natureof the incarnationandpassionofJesus. His concept of Christlikeness and his distinction between As a result, they saw no beauty in the crucified Christ. belief and faith anticipate the work of Wilfred Cantwell Smith, whostudiedat the HenryMartynSchool in 1940 andwaslateran His Missiology associate staff member. The most significant and permanently valuable aspect of Christianity Explained is that in it Bevan Jones Bevan jones's missiology was characterized by his rejection of was prepared to take the challenge of Muslim theology into his controversy. While he had learned much from earlier missionar­ understanding of Christian faith, which was both challenged ies and Christian apologists such as Karl Pfander and William Muir, he rejected their confrontational tactics. Pfander's writ­ ings, he suggested, "served best as a guide to something better." Written to touch Muslim minds, they failed to touch Muslim Bridge-building between hearts. Showing "insufficient regard for the sensitive spirits of faith communities is "the devout Muslims," they provoked counterattacks on Christian faith, as in the vehemently anti-Christian Ahmadiyya move­ way of sacrifice and tears ment." Bevan jones's own work stands in the tradition of Tho­ and un-requited love." mas Valpy French and W. St. Clair-Tisdall, who, while both disciples of Pfander, did much to develop a more irenic ap­ proach. and changedby his engagementwithIslam. Perhaps notsurpris­ Bevan Jones's modus operandi was people centered. One ingly, he regarded conversion as an ongoing process, summed reason for his initial interest in Muslim work was the conviction up by the old term "sanctification/"" that Christians had neglected Muslims in favor of Hindus." He He did nothesitate to declare that mystery had a part to play, made practical action a plank of his missionary program; "sub­ which enabled him to recognize spiritual truth and the presence stantialbridges of understanding, sympathy andfriendship," he of God's Spirit in other traditions. He spoke of Muslims and maintained,couldbe built "outoflittle acts ofsimple, ungrudging Christians exploring together the phenomena of spiritual expe­ kindness/?? He placed great value on forming friendships with rience, for "in [their] heartls], as in ours, the spirit of God is Muslims and himself enjoyed lifelong relationships with two usually at work"" He rejoiced in "whatever evidence we find of leading Ahmadis-Maulana Muhammad Ali and Yakub Khan. the presenceofGod'sspiritin Islamandin everywitnessit makes After Bevan Jones's death in 1960, Yakub Khan wrote that Bevan to His Being andMajesty ."21 Referringto J.N. Farquhar'sattitude Jones had made him "respectChristianity in its real sense of love toward Hinduism, Bevan called for "faith to believe that other and charity of heart." He described Bevan Jones as an exponent nations and peoples of otherreligions do have a real contribution of "the new approach between the two great sister religions," to make in the fulfillment of God's purposes for the world which, he said, was then "coming to the forefront.'?' (He may through Jesus Christ.?" well have had in mind as examples such books as Kenneth Cragg's [1956] and [1959].) He clearly did not accept Hendrik Kraemer's total divide Call oftheMinaret Sandals attheMosque between the revelation in Christ and religions, as though the Also important in Bevan Jones's missiology were spiritual­ latter were altogether futile attempts to bridge the gap between ity and prayer. Although he knew how to laugh and have fun, he the human and the divine. Rather, he spoke of the revelation in was driven to his knees by his engagement with Islam. ''We must Christ being "absolute" though not "exhaustive": know," he said, "what it is to agonize in prayeron behalfof these people.?" His encounter with Islam involved internal as well as W~ need not and indeed cannot claim that God is, in Jesus, external discovery; the closer he came to Islam as practiced by exhaustively revealed .... Let it not seem strange that we are devout, sincere souls, the harder and more painful he found it to forced to confess that our faith holds fast to contradictions-God assess the spiritual status of his Muslim friends. Ultimately, his is known, and yet not known. After all, in the Revelation of aim remained traditional, to "traceout" and "leadback" Christ's Himself in Jesus we stand face to face with a profound mystery; it is not surprising that we do not fully understand.P "other sheep.?" At the same time, he knew that Muslims might approach Christ in a different way than those brought up in His concept of revelation, however, was radically different Christiansocieties. Consequently,he was deeplyconcernedwith from the Islamic concept of wahi. He believed that "real kinship" the pastoral care of converts and regretted that the Indian church exists between God and humankind, making possible the trans­ too often failed to meet their needs. lation of "eternal thought" into "the language of time.'?' Antici­ pating process theology, he spoke of the natural created world as His Legacy-A Brief Assessment "the plastic expression of God's will."25 Consequently, he knew that the Bible and the Qur' an are regarded quite differently by Bevan jones's most influential and popular book remains The those who possess them and that, "while to the Muslim the true People oftheMosque. A fifth edition, edited and revised by Dwight revelation is to be found in a book, the Qur' an, to the Christian Baker (1980), with an updated historical section, bears eloquent

128 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH testimony to the lasting value and quality of the author's work, Also of significance today is Bevan jones's commitment to though the present writer regrets that the editor chose not to Christian unity. He knew that a divided church could never win include the sections on Christianity and Islam. Islamfor Christ andthereforetried,in BishopSubhan'swords,to The Henry Martyn School (now Institute) continues to owe be friend and brother to limen of all denominations.'?' much to the legacy of its first principal. Links, for example, with Finally, BevanJones's life andworkis testimonyto thevalue the Muslim community remain vital to its programs. Now based of building bridges between faith communities. To walk such a in Hyderabad, it continually adjusts its program to the changing bridge-building road was not easy then, nor is it easy today. It milieu in which it finds itself, a trend wholly consistent with the requirescourageandinvolves risk-s-courage to experiencegenu­ spirit of Bevan Jones. His approach is best described as open­ ine anguish, the risk inherent in rethinking received beliefs and ended-open to the Spirit's prompting, open to the challenge of adapting them in the light of new experience. It is, Bevan Jones Muslim religious thought, open to the idea that the religious life said, "ahard task," "an arduousenterprise," lithe wayof sacrifice is an ongoing experience. and tears and un-requited love.?" Notes------­ 1. See "Daniel Jones of Agra: A Great Heart of our India Mission," 14. J. Subhan, "The Reverend Lewis Bevan Jones," Muslim World 51 Baptist Missionary Herald 94 (1911): 143,and D. Jones, "Memoirs," Yr (1961):129. Herald Cenhadol (in Welsh, London: BMS,1911). 15. E. F. F. Bishop, "Tribute to Lewis Bevan Jones," Muslim World 51 2. See R. R.Clifford, Venturein Faith (London: Carey Kingsgate, 1955). (1961):303. Reference to Bevan Jones is on p. 51. 16. Jones, Christianity Explained, p. 93. 3. For the three international conferences on mission to Muslims, see 17. Ibid., p. ix. Methods ofMission AmongMuslims: Cairo, 1906 (London: Fleming H. 18. Jones, ThePeople oftheMosque, p. 321,citingH. Drummond'sChanged Revell, 1906), Lucknow Conference Report (London: CLS, 1911), and Life. Conference of Christian Workers Among Muslims (New York: IMC, 19. Jones, Christianity Explained, p. 149. 1924). 20. Ibid., p. 93. 4. H. W. Pike, "Lewis Bevan Jones" (unpublished tribute, Oxford, 21. Jones, ThePeople of theMosque, p. 253. Regents Park College). 22. Ibid., p. 254. 5. See Constance E. Padwick, Henry Martyn: Confessor of the Faith 23. Jones, Christianity Explained, p. 76.See also "OurSpecial Message to (London: SCM, 1922). Muslims," Moslem World 10 (1930):335a. 6. The FFMwas founded in 1915following Zwemer's visit to England. 24. Jones, Christianity Explained, p. 52. For the CMW, see General Synod Archives. Kenneth Cragg and W. 25. Ibid., p. 180. M. Watt were members. 26. Ibid., p. 53. 7. See India Report (London: BMS,1916),p. 48. 27. Ibid., p. 42. 8. See Candidates Records File No. 393 (London, BMSArchives). 28. Jones, ThePeople oftheMosque, p. 248; see also p. 289. 9. For a critique of these writers (except Hussain), see W. C. Smith, 29. L. B. Jones, "Some Educated Moslems in Bengal," Moslem World 6 Modern Islam in India (Lahore: Minerva, 1943); for Hussain, see A. (1916):234. Hussein, Notes on Islam (Lahore, 1922). 30. Jones, ThePeople of theMosque, p. 316. 10. L. B. Jones, Christ's Ambassador to the Muslim (London: FFM, re­ 31. Cited in "Remarkable Tributes to a Great Missionary to Muslims," printed 1972),p. 11. Baptist Missionary Herald, November 1960, p. 171. 11. L. B.Jones, The People oftheMosque (London: SCM, 1932), p. 265. 32. Jones, Christ's Ambassador, p. 11. 12. Ibid., p. 253. 33. Ibid., p. 12. 13. L.B.Jones, Christianity Explained toMuslims(Calcutta: YMCA,1938), 34. Subhan, "Jones," p. 128. p.xi. 35. Jones, Christ's Ambassador, p. 12.

Bibliography

Books by L. Bevan Jones Pamphlets Published by FFM (Fellowship of Faith for Muslims, London) 1925 The Best Friend: A Life ofOur Lord. Madras: CLS. 1932 The People of the Mosque. London: SCM. 5th ed. (ed. D. Focus on Islam series. 1952. Baker), New Delhi: ISPCK/CLS, 1980. Five Pillars of Islam (no. 3). Rev. 1981. 1938 Christianity Explained toMuslims. Calcutta: YMCA. TheAhmadiyya Movement (formerly A False Messiah). 1941 Woman in Islam (with V. R. Jones). London: Carey Press. From Islam toChrist: Howa SufiFound His Lord (Life of Bishop J. Subhan) (no. 6). Articles in Moslem World (1911-60; name changed to Mus­ Christ's Ambassador to theMuslim. 1952, reprinted 1972. lim World in 1961) lVorksaboutL.BevanJones 1916 "Some Educated Moslems in Bengal," 6:228-35. Bennett, Clinton. "A Theological Appreciation of Lewis Bevan Jones: 1917 "Correspondence with D. B. Macdonald," 7:420-23. Baptist Pioneer in Christian-Muslim Relations." M.A. thesis, Uni­ 1920 "The Paraclete or Muhammad?" 10:112-15. versity of Birmingham, 1985. 1930 "Our Special Message to Moslems," 20:331-35. __ ."A Theological Appreciation of Lewis Bevan Jones." Baptist 1940 "How Not to Use the Qur' an: An Urdu Tract Explained," Quarterly 32, no. 5 (january 1988):237-52. 30:280-91. Bishop, E. F. F. "Tribute to the Memory of Lewis Bevan Jones." Muslim 1952 "Christ's Ambassador to the Muslim," 42:80-81. World 51 (1961):302-3. 1953 "A Love That Persists," 43:3-6. Subhan, J. "Lewis Bevan Jones." Muslim World 51 (1961):128-31. July 1993 129 Mission and Democracy in Africa: The Problem of Ethnocentrism Robert K. Aboagye-Mensah

he history of the church in Africa reveals that socio­ lenge to the PNDC. The conclusions of the church's debate were T political involvement is an integral partof its mission in, formulated, and a copy was sent to the government so that the to, and for the world. In the present decade support for demo­ views of the church could be reflected in the final outcome of the cratic governance has reached a new level. Through sermons, national debate on democracy. interviews, and seminars African church leaders have expressed These examples cited from East and West Africa make it deep concern about the oppressive nature of the one-party clear thatthe year1990markedan importantstageof the church's political system operating on the continent. concern for the establishment of political pluralism on the conti­ In January 1990 Timothy Njoya, a Presbyterian minister in nent of Africa. To be sure, the beginnings of the church's concern Kenya, preached a New Year's sermon in which he challenged for multiparty systems of government in Africa go back much African political leaders to reexamine their preference for single­ further than 1990. But never before has there been such wide­ party government. He drew attention to the rapid disintegration spread agitation for democratic governance, affecting almost of the political system in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. every country of the continent under a single-party system. Since many African political leaders had adopted the political Africa faces several massive obstacles as it embarks on its ideologies of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Njoya urged democratic experiment. Onesuchproblem-andthe focus ofthis that they should also consider pursuing a democratic form of article-is ethnocentrism. My thesis is that the African church in government, which Eastern Europe was then contemplating.' its missionary witness has some positive contributions to make Other church leaders in Kenya, including Bishop David Gitari in addressing the problem of ethnocentrism. First, I define what and Bishop Henry Okullu, against strong government opposi­ I mean by the term "ethnocentrism." Second, I show briefly that tion, have called for public debate on the need for democracy in the single-party system has failed to address the problem of Africa based on political pluralism. According to the newspaper ethnocentrism in Africa. Third, I point out some of the contribu- African Christian, the church leaders "ignored President Arap Moi's order to put an end to the debate on [multiparty govern­ ment] in Kenya saying that the debate had not started and Kenyan church leaders said should, therefore, not be stopped."! Church leaders from West and Southern Africa also made the debate about democracy similar public pronouncements. At a press conference in had not started and Cameroon in June 1990,Cardinal Christian Tumi of the Catholic Church argued that his country needed a multiparty system of therefore should not be government with an officially recognized opposition party. He stopped. expressed his conviction that a democratic form of government would help to deal with the problem of rampant corruption and other severe injustices in his country. He explained that the tions that the African church has made in dealing with the issue churchin Cameroonhad taken a strong stand against the govern­ of ethnocentrism, and what further contributions it can make in mentbecause "people no longer see clearly where they are going the democratization of the continent. My conclusion is that a and are beginning to despair/" faithful missionary witness of the church will have massive In the same year Ghana established a forum for national impact on the success of democracy in Africa. debate on the type of democratic political institutions best suited for the nation, extending an invitation to all organizations and Ethnocentrism-A Definition institutions in the country to participate. Although not officially included in the general invitation yet sensing the need for the Ethnocentrism is anintellectual, emotional, and cultural attitude church's involvement, the Christian Council of Ghana prepared of a particular group of people who regard the identities and a document entitled, "The Church and Ghana's Searchfor aNew values of other groups of people as false, inferior, or immoral as DemocraticSystem." The purposeof this studydocumentwas to compared to their own. Ethnocentric groups become strongly "create an atmosphere that would ensure that its members get attached to their own cultural identity, values, symbols, and the opportunity as citizens of the country to share their views ideologies, almost to the point of worshiping them. They feel freely.:" What is remarkable about the stance taken by the proud of themselves and their system, while regarding other Christian Council of Ghana is that the government-the Provi­ people with contempt, scorn, and bitter hatred. In fact, for such sional National Defense Council (PNDC)-had wanted to make a group "virtue consists in killing, plundering and enslaving" sure that no other platforms were created for the debate except those considered as outsiders. In many cases religion is used to the one under the control of the government. Thus, the forum support these negative convictions.' created by the Christian Council of Ghana was a radical chal- Ethnocentrismisa humanconditionfound amongallpeoples, Africans not exempted. Every nation in Africa is multiethnic and consists of diverse language groups. Since political indepen­ Robert K.Aboagye-Mensah teaches Christian ethics andphilosophy ofreligion dence, one of the major problems is how to shift the emphasis atTrinity College, Legon, Ghana. Heformerly served asaMethodist missionary in the Gambia. from past allegiance to a single ethnic group to the multiethnic

130 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH nation-state," During the colonial period the common concern to instrument for breaking down some of the ethnic divisions. It is fight for political independence and economic freedom led di­ well known that education has been an integral part of the verse ethnic groups to unite. However, after independence church's mission in Africa. The church helped to establish higher multiethnic tensions and pressures surged in most African coun­ education including secondary schools and some of the univer­ tries, resulting in civil wars, military dictatorships, political sities in Africa. Education played a major part in bringing to­ assassinations, and widespread civil unrest. gether different ethnic groups and offered opportunity for multiethnic dialogue. In the Anglophone countries, for instance, The Failure of the Single-Party System the introduction of a common school system with English as a common foreign language was instrumental in uniting people The most popular political arrangement since independence has with different ancestral histories, memories, and customs. The been the one-party system. Almost all African political leaders­ with a few exceptions such as President Dauda [awara of the Gambia-have claimed that a single-party system is the only In the absence of other political solution to Africa's multiethnic tensions. In reality, however, the single-party system has totally failed to resolve forums, an African church ethnic grievances. A citationfromPresident[awaraof the Gambia can speak for the whole sums up the failure of one-partygovernancein addressing ethnic tensions in Africa. nation on vital issues.

In the past, some Africans have argued that the restrictions of political rightsand its corollary, the one-partystate,is appropriate importance of education in uniting people of multiethnic back­ to Africa as a safety measure against ethnic tensions and internal grounds is well articulated by some Uganda Christians as they friction. Itwas further claimed that one-party rule would provide reflected on their own experience at school: stability through centralized control during the process of nation­ building. In effect, multi-party democracy was seen as an instant The entire Uganda is strongly unified by the common school recipe for national disaster, on account of the centrifugal forces system. English is spoken from Cubic to Medullar, from Busia to that were so pervasive in the early stages of our nationhood. This Natutically. School etiquette, uniform, syllabus, ethos, examina­ view became even more entrenched as the multi-party experi­ tion have gone a long way in unifying all Ugandans. Boarding ments in the immediate post-colonial era were marred by confu­ schools throughout Uganda have been and still are admitting sion and bloody inter-ethnic rivalry and violence .... At any rate, pupils and students from every tribe. These sleep in the same if the justification of one-party rule was to provide stability for dormitories, often sharing the same double-decker beds; they economic development, then it has been a disaster. It has led not form the same clubs and associations.to to sustained economic development, but in most cases to blatant economic failures," Whatever the shortcomings of missionary education in Africa, education has in fact served as a means of uniting multiethnic Recent agitations for democratic rule in Africa have con­ groups. firmed PresidentJawara's position. The one-partysystem,which Another important contribution of missionary education in was adopted as a means of creating ethnic unity and economic terms of ethnicity is that the schools produced African scholars prosperity, has failed woefully, judged by the intensity with who had great passion for uniting different ethnic groups under which the people of Africa are urging their political leaders to a single nation. The early African nationalists, most of whom adopt political pluralism. were Christians, had great determination to build nations that What is the church's own missionary witness in such a comprised diverse ethnic groups. For instance, S. R. B. Attoh situation? What contributions can the African church in mission Ahumah, Caseley Hayford, and John Mensah Sarbah, who were make toward the democratization of the African continent in the Methodists, worked toward the creation of a multiethnic nation­ face of ethnic tensions and grievances? state in Ghana. Attoh Ahumah's book The Gold Coast Nation and National Consciousness is an eloquent expression of the determi­ Ethnocentrism and Contributions of the Church nation of African Christian nationalists to draw together many differentethnic groupsto forma nation-state. A citationfromthis In someAfrican countries thechurchis the only institutionof any book represents the concerns and the expectations of many size other than the state. In the absence of any official opposition Christian nationalists: party, the church speaks for the whole nation on important sociopoliticalissues." The churchhas sucha wideaudience partly We dare affirm, with sanctity of reason and with the emphasis of because, on both local and national levels, the membership of the conviction, that WE ARE A NATION. It may be .... a Nation church cuts across ethnicity. This is all the more remarkable if we "scattered and peeled ... a Nationmeted outand trodden down," but still a Nation. If we were not, it was time to invent one; for any realize that in most cases missionary work in Africa began seriesof Statesin the samelocality, howeverextensive, may at any among a particular ethnic group, and then later the indigenous time be merged into a nation. We are a Nation, and what is more, convertsandthe Europeanmissionariescarried the Gospel across we have a Past." ethnic boundaries," The Christian community thereby demon­ strated that its mission cuts across ethnicity. Through the procla­ In carrying out its mission of proclaiming the Gospel of Jesus mation of Jesus Christ as the Lord of all, the church has brought Christ, the African church produced men and women who had together heterogenous groups. great vision for the day when divided and scattered ethnic Not only in the growth of the church across ethnic borders groups in Africa would come together as sovereign nations on have diverse ethnic groups been drawn together. The promotion the continent, sharing together and being mutually enriched by of formal education by the church has been another important diverse ancestral stories and memories. Today, as the continent

July 1993 131 of Africa seeks to unite heterogenous ethnic groups under demo­ Jesus and through the work of the Holy Spirit, God expects the cratic structures, the past contributions of the church must be a church to be a community where all ethnic groups meet, recog­ source of inspiration. We need to catch the vision of the first­ nize, and accept each other as of equal dignity. Because the generation African Christian nationalists in our present demo­ church confesses Jesus Christ as Lord of all, it must affirm in cratic experiment. practical terms that the hostility and the division that stood To be sure, the presence of the church in Africa during the between the different ethnic groups have been abolished. colonial and postcolonial periods also created divisions and This is not a message that the church proclaims only to the antagonism among ethnic groups. Some of these divisions can be political community. The church itself is under the obligation to attributed to historical accidents and feelings of racial superior­ live out what it preaches to the world if it wants its missionary ity. Europeanmissionaries, consumed withzeal to establishtheir witness to be credible and authentic. As David J. Boschhas quite particular denominations and Western civilization, afflicted Af­ rightly pointed out: rica with their own domestic problems of religious intolerance and suspicions. A good example is what happened in Uganda at The unity of the church-no, the church itself-is called in ques­ the beginning of the missionary enterprise in that country. Prot­ tion when groups of Christians segregate themselves on the basis estants and Catholics presented themselves as carriers of two of suchdubious distinctives as race, ethnicity, sex,or social status. different religions. In competition with Muslims to win the souls God in Christ has accepted us unconditionally; we have to do likewise with regard to one another .... And Christ's work of reconciliation does not just bring two parties into the same room thatthey may settle their differences; it leads to a new kind ofbody God expects the church to in which human relations are being transformed. In a very real sense mission, in Paul's understanding, is saying to people from be a community where all all backgrounds, "Welcome to the new community in which all ethnic groups meet and are members of one family and bound together by love.?" accept each other as of The church in Africa has the obligation to seek ways and means equal dignity. to build relationships between diverse ethnic groups in and outside the church that reflect its belief in what Jesus Christ has accomplished in the cross. The greatest contributions that Africa of Africans, they gave the Kabaka (the king of Baganda) the can make toward the world's understanding of democracy will opportunity to play Protestants, Catholics, and Muslims against come from Africa's self-understanding of communal life, the "we" feeling. But Africa can make such a contribution more each other, as the king sought to maintain power in a delicate political situation. H. P. Gale has well expressed what happened: effectively if it is able to deal with ethnic prejudices. It should be "The Missions were placed in the position of merchants spread­ able to create structures that will make it flexible enough for ing out their wares at the feet of the Kabaka which he criticized different ethnic groups to interact freely in order to establish favorably or adversely, but never bought/"! It should not sur­ genuine partnership among themselves. Exchange of goods and prise us that Kabaka Mutesa, a man who invited missionaries to services within and beyond ethnic and national boundaries are Uganda, did not encourage any of his citizens to accept the possible only when we do not continue to raise dividing walls of Christian faith. He did not see Christianity as a religion that hostility and antagonism. In this respect the church of Jesus would help to unite his people and nation. Even today, the Christis expected to translateinto reality the message ofequality tensions and the divisions created in the past still remain. and freedom derived from the reconciliatory work of Christ Despite some of these failures, the church on the whole has Jesus in the cross. Through the Spirit the church is given a new made remarkable contributions in uniting ethnic groups in Af­ visionofunityin Christthatcan transformrelationshipsbetween rica. If the church in Africa wants to continue its missionary diverse ethnic groups in the sociopolitical and the ecclesiastical witness of bringing multiethnic groups together, then it must realms. take its own Scripture and theology seriously. I have in mind, in particular, Ephesians 2:11-18. Conclusion The message that Ephesians brings to the world community is thatGod has taken the initiative in ChristJesus to deal with the I appreciate the church's call on African political leaders to hostility, antagonism, and bitter hatred that stand between eth­ embrace political pluralism in Africa. It is a bold step. But the nic groups everywhere. In Christ Jesus a new single humanity church must realize that it has a part to play in making this a has been created; therefore, both Jews and Gentiles have been reality. The success of the democratic experiment in Africa will reconciled to God and to one another. We thus should no longer partly depend upon the way the church in Africa translates into live as enemies but as people belonging to one family of God. So reality its vision of the unity of all ethnic groups in Christ. That then we are no more strangers to each other. In union with Christ remains an uncompleted mission of the church.

132 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Notes 1. "Church Leaders Rebuff Moi," African Christian (Nairobi: Africa Beyond: A Mission Agenda, ed. Vinay Samuel and Chris Sugden Church Information Service) 10, no. 12 {June30, 1990):8. (Oxford:Regnum Books,1991),pp .82-96;seealsoJ.N.Kudadjieand 2. "Church Calls for Multipartism," African Christian 10,no. 12{June30, Robert Aboagye-Mensah, TheChristian andNational Politics (Accra: 1990):2. Asempa Publishers, 1991),pp. 30-52. 3. Ibid. 9. A good example is Uganda, where missionary work began among 4. The Church and Ghana's Search for a New Democratic System: Study the Buganda and later spread to all the other ethnic groups. It is also Material for Christians (Accra:Christian Council ofGhana, 1990),p. 3. true of Ghana, where missionary activities of both the Roman 5. See Marilyn B. Brewer and Donald T. Campbell, Ethnocentrism and Catholic and the Protestant churches began mostly with the Akan, Intergroup Attitudes: East African Evidence (New York:John Wiley & spreading later to all the other ethnic groups. Sons,Sage Publications, 1976),pp. 1 and 2;see also Robert A. LeVine 10. J. M. Maliggo, J. Katoogo, and G. W. Ssebadduka, Political Education and Donald T. Campbell, Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic (Mbale: Tororo Diocese Communication Centre, n.d .), p. 63. Attitudes,andGroup Behavior (New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1972), 11. S. R. B.Attoh Ahumah, TheGold Coast Nation andNational Conscious­ pp. 7 and 8. ness, 2d ed. (London: Frank Cass, 1971),p. 1. 6. See K.A. Busia, Africa in Search ofDemocracy (London: Routlege and 12. H. P. Gale, as cited in F. B. Welbourn, "A Sacral Kingship in Kegan Paul), 1967,p. 20; see also John S. Pobee, Religion andPolitics Buganda?" (Paper given at Third International Congress of in Ghana (Accra: Asempa Publishers, Christian Council of Ghana, Africanists, Dakar,Senegal, 1967;YaleDivinitySchool,Day Mission 1991),p. 24. Library copy), p. 1. 7. West Africa, November, 4-10, 1991, p. 1839. 13. David J. Bosch, Transforming Mission:Paradigm Shiftsin Theology of 8. Ghana is a good example of this. See Robert Aboagye-Mensah, Mission (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1991),pp . 167-68. "Socio-Political Mission of the Church in Ghana," in AD. 2000and

II II AREOPAGUS You don't have to pronounce it.

Just read it.

A Living Encounter with Today's Religious World. Mission in Context • Stories of Faith • Religious Pilgrimage • Cross-Cultural Encounter Published quarterly. US$24/year; sample US$4 . Check or money order payable to Tao Fang Shan Christian Centre, Dept. IB, P.O. Box 33, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.

July 1993 133 Book Reviews Pilgrim Path: The First Company of Women Missionaries to Hawaii.

ByMary Zwiep. Madison: Univ.of Wiscon­ sin Press, 1991. Pp. xx, 376. $42.50; paper­ back $14.95.

The earliest Congregational missionaries The themes addressed by Zwiep are station affected their courses of action. to Hawaii have been alternately praised central to mission history: the theology SybilBingham, stationed at Honoluluand for their mission work and condemned and motivations of the missionaries, the married to the head of the mission, found for their cultural chauvinism. Pilgrim Path contours of daily life, missionary views of her time devoured by hordes of visitors. succeeds where others have failed. Avoid­ Hawaiian culture, the conflict between Lucy Thurston, in a relatively isolated ing the antimissionary bias of twentieth­ domestic concerns and missionary voca­ post, was the only wife able to educate her century relativism, yet refusing to slide tion, dynamics within the mission com­ own children rather than send them back into hagiography, the book reveals the munity, and interaction with other West­ to America. The theology of Mercy key role played by missionary women in erners. The most exciting aspect of the Whitney sustained her through a lifetime the conversion of Hawaii. Zwiep has writ­ book is that Zwiep does justice to the of hardship, whereas Lucia Holman's de­ ten an engaging and scholarly narrative relationships between missionary and sire for a comfortable life made her unfit that takes the religious context of the mis­ Hawaiian women. She shows how for mission work. Pilgrim Path, in short, is sionaries seriously, yet also wrestles with women's work and friendship, coupled a valuable addition to women's studies as the cultural changes brought by with indigenous needs, led to the conver­ well as to American mission history. Christianization. Drawing upon the jour­ sion of the leading female chiefs, who in -Dana L. Robert nals and letters of the first seven mission­ turn evangelized their people. ary women, she has produced a solid piece The journals and letters of the mis­ Dana L. Robert is Associate Professor of Interna­ of mission history about a group whose sionarywives demonstratehow they dealt with similar problems in different ways, tional Mission at Boston University School ofThe­ work was historically significant but has ology. been caricatured in modern literature. and how the choice of spouse and mission

Chinese Women and Christianity, 1860-1927.

By Kwok Pui-Lan. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992. Pp. ix, 225. $29.95; paperback $19.95.

This book is a must for those interested in she does an excellent job of seeing past the and the lack of an index, are the only Christianity and China, also for those foreign missionary presence to discuss drawbacks to this superb study, which is workingon cross-culturalChristianityand what we can know about the motives, unparalleled for the pre-1920 period. feminist theology. The author is a histo­ values, and agendas of Chinese Christian -Daniel H. Bays rian/theologian, trained at the Chinese women. The freshness of her perspective, University of Hong Kong and Harvard which underlies much of her insights, Divinity School;she is now teachingat the partly derives from her theological train­ Episcopal Divinity School, Cambridge, ing. She is one of the very few who have Massachusetts. This book is a revision of combined rigorous historical and theo­ her Harvard dissertation. logical training with command of the Chi­ The ProtestantEvangelical Awaken­ The greater portion of this work is an nese language, resulting in a level of so­ ing. extremely able description of the relation­ phistication beyond what most scholars ships between Chinese Christian women, in this field could manage. By W. RleginaldJ Ward. Cambridge: Cam­ their faith and what it signified to them, Beyond analysis of the Chinese case, bridge Univ. Press, 1992. Pp. xviii, 370. and what this all meant in the context of the author hopes to use this case study of $59.95. Chinese society during these decades. It is Third World feminist theology as a cri­ a very well-grounded historical study, tique of Western feminist theology. The Here is a pioneer study of Protestant re­ nuanced and insightful. Professor Kwok problem here is that it leads her to distort vival movements that occurred in the First has made meticulous and effective use of the story after 1920by limiting discussion World during the first half of the eigh­ some previously underused or altogether to only those few Chinese Christian teenth century. The author, emeritus pro­ unused Chinese-language sources, and women who were (sort of) feminists, or fessor of modern history at the University who had a humanistic Christology and of Durham, England, and a past president Daniel H. Bays isProfessor ofHistory attheUniver­ the goal of using a "modernistic" Christi­ of the Ecclesiastical History Society, has sity of Kansas, Lawrence. He was director of the anity to restructure China. But most Chi­ worked from a continental European, and History ofChristianity in China Project (1985-91), nese Christian women were not in that not just an Anglo-American, perspective. funded by theHenryLuce Foundation. mold; only a few were, or are today. This, He has provided in English a condensed

134 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH account of a very complex history that has originally as the 1990 Samuel Ferguson appear in the index. He maintains that depended on exhaustive mining of Ger­ Lectures at the University of Manchester. "historical-critical study of scripture has man sources. He begins with an overview Ogden reviews and rejects as inad­ undercut any claim that Jesus Christ was of lithe Protestant frame of mind" in the equate the three usual options in a Chris­ already proclaimed prophetically in the first third of the eighteenth century. tian theology of religions. Exclusivism, he Hebrew scriptures" (p. 42). The first two-thirds of the book fo­ says, "is an incredible theological posi­ Inclusivism, he says, allows that all cuses on revival movements in the politi­ tion, beingincapableofvalidationin terms individuals may be saved by Christ and cally turbulent arena of Silesia, Austria, of common human experience and rea­ all religions can be more or less valid Moravia, the Habsburg and Baltic territo­ son, but also because it is deeply inappro­ means of salvation. Ogden considers this ries, and the Wetterau (Rhineland) be­ priate to Jesus" (p. 53). Ogden discounts also an "extreme [conservative] position" tween the 1710sand 1740s.Ward surveys the authority of Scripture and makes no because "Christian inclusivists continue the extensive awakening of Pietism and reference to any scriptural text except a to maintain that Christianity alone can be spiritual life in central Europe and the passingcommentaboutthe two greatcom­ the formally true religion, since it alone is impact that a multitude of persecuted mandments. The word "Bible" does not the religion established by God in the emigrants from that scene had through­ out the Continent and along the eastern seaboard of North America. August Looking for spiritual renewal, Hermann Francke and Count Nikolaus or updating in theology and ministry? Ludwig von Zinzendorf appear as the principalcharactersin this historybecause they were remarkably connected with C9tchthe many of the indigenous revival stirrings and much of the ecclesiastical maneuver­ SPIRIT! ing that occurred throughoutEuropethen. The influence of their pace-setting mis­ sion ventures was also felt overseas. Spend a Sabbatical Semester or Year at the The chronology of familiar revivals Washington Theological Union. The Spirit of in the Anglophone world is related to the Vatica.n II lives at the WTU, where religious religiopolitical crises of eastern and cen­ and lay women and men prepare for a variety tral Europe. Fascinating sociocultural in­ sights abound on the Moravians and on of roles in the church. revival realities in Switzerland, Wales, Scotland, and Pennsylvania. The WTU's Sabbatical Program provides a unique The chapters of this compact volume experience of interaction with an international often read like condensed masses ofschol­ community of students, a professional faculty and arly data. Many volumes could be devel­ staff, and a rich, diversified curriculum. Shaped to opedout of this eruditework. Underpress meet the individual needs of participants, the WTU constraints, footnotes had to be slashed, but this may be remedied in part by pub­ Sabbatical invites experienced persons in ministry lication of Ward's "Bibliographical Sur­ to a variety of opportunities for physical, emotional, vey of German Pietism, 1680-1740" in the spiritual and intellectual development. Journal of Ecclesiastical History(1993). The program features: -A. Christopher Smith • The availability of 350 courses per semester, for credit or audit, through the Washington A.Christopher SmithisReligion Program Officer of Theological Consortium thePewCharitable Trusts, Philadelphia, Pennsyl­ • A bi-weekly colloquium on life and ministry vania. A Scottish Baptist pastor, hestudied in Swit­ zerland (1975-79) and served as research fellow at • Human growth and spiritual development theCentre fortheStudy ofChristianity intheNon­ workshops Western World, at the University of Edinburgh, • Four Continuing Education Certificate Programs Scotland (1986-91). His current research and and Pastoral Field Education missiological writing is on the pre-Victorian • Social and cultural opportunities as well as time Serampore Mission. for solitude, prayer, study and sightseeing in the nation's capital.

Current tuition is $2,950 per semester. On-campus Is There Only One True Religion or housing available. For more information, please call or Are There Many? write: Muriel Curran, S.S.N.D. BySchubert M. Ogden. Dallas, Tex.: South­ Christopher Keenan, O.F.M. ernMethodist Univ.Press, 1992. Pp.xi, 114. Co-Directors of Continuing Education $13.95; paperback $6.95. Washington Theological Union 9001 New Hampshire Avenue The author, a process theologian who Silver Spring, MD 20903-3699 A Roman Catholic School for Ministry teaches at Southern Methodist University (301) 439-0551 in Dallas, Texas, addresses the title ques­ tion in four short chapters that were given

July 1993 135 unique saving event of Jesus Christ" (p, in contrast to "monisticinclusivism" (p.x), ers will likely be underwhelmed by the 31). Thus it is another form of Christian and calls it a "distinct alternative," a "ne­ attractiveness of Ogden's option. monism, like exclusivism, which he re­ glected possibilityfor answering the ques­ -Gerald H. Anderson jects. tion," a "complete break with Christian On pluralism in a theology of religions monism, whether exclusivistic or (3lajohnHick),Ogdenendsup "skeptical inclusivistic" (p. 82). Gerald H. Andersonis Editorof theINTERNATIONAL rather than negative," because "the posi­ What characterizes Ogden's fourth BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY R ESEARCH and Directorof tion that there are many true religions is option? Its difference from pluralism is theOverseasMinistriesStudy Center,NewHaven, logically as extreme as the contrary posi­ only one word: whereas pluralism main­ Conn. tion of exclusivism that there can be only tains that there are many true religions, one" (p. 79). Ogden says that there can be many true Beyond these three positions that are religions. His difference with the two usually considered, Ogden offers a fourth monistic optionsis that they deny what he Missiologie. Vol. 1: Zending­ option as "the relatively more adequate affirms, namely, "that religions other than swetenschap; Vol. 2: Missionaire optionopen to us" (p.82).He describes his Christianity can as validly claim to be theologie. fourth option as "pluralistic inclusivism," formally true as it can" (pp. 83-84). Read- By J. A. B. ]ongeneel. The Hague: Boekencentrum, 1991. Pp. 609. f99.50.

Jan [ongeneel's Missiologie should not be compared with David Bosch's great work on the theology of mission, Tran sforming Mission. Whereas Bosch presents a pro­ found draft of a theology of mission while at the same time discussing the broad stream of missiological trends, [ongeneel offers a reference book for students of missiology. It is meant to help students get an overall view of the wide spectrum of missiological problems and publica­ tions in order to find the necessary litera­ ture for each topic. Jongeneel has divided his book into two volumes. The first volume was pub­ lished five years ago as a separate edition and deals especially with the science of mission. Here definitional problems sur­ rounding such terms as "apostolate," "missiology" (pp, 26-51) are discussed intensely, while the rest of the book is to a great extent a historic, almost retrospec­ tive orientation. Even seldom used terms such as "halieutics," "auxanics," and "phi­ losophy of mission" (pp .99ff.)find a place here. Jongeneel now holds the chair for­ merly occupied by J. C. Hoekendijk at Utrecht. As a result Hoekendijks's influ­ ence may be noticed frequently in [ongeneel's book. His holistic approach, which subsumes God's entire turning to ,;; d tKe 21st Centu the world under the notion of "mission," r undoubtedly ispresentin the background. Yetit neglects the Christians' specific turn­ i61ian Mission ing to people of other faiths . Hoekendijk BY ... .. avoided the notion of theology of mission and tried to orient the whole of theology 'Es M. PHILLIPS • ROBERT T. COOTE • toward mission concerns. [ongeneel re­ jects this approach, since he knows too well that this would confuse the concept ISBN 0-8028-0638-4 of mission, leaving missiology no longer Paper. $24.99 concrete and discussable (p. 62). Although Jongeneel proceeds more t carefully, he does not deny the elements your bookstore, or call 800·253·7521 FAX 616-459·6540 of truth in Hoekendijk's approach. He 331 ~WM. B. BERDMANS PUBLISHING CO. defines "mission" as the devotion of _I 255 JEFFERSON AVE. S.E. I GRAND RAPIDS. MICHIGAN 49503 people who feel called and chosen by the triune God to move Israel, the church and

136 lNrERNATION AL B ULLETIN OF MIssIONARYREsEARCH the whole world toward a renewed com­ and English-speaking world wh o do not cago, has collected here a group of occa­ munity with God and humanity, all to the understand Dutch. I hope that the book sional papers united by a polemic against glory of God and for the sake of the family will reach a wide audience. John Hick and Paul Knitter, whose Myth of of nations (p , 111). - Theo Sundermeier Christian Uniqueness is taken to stand for This definition averts the threat of a all pluralist approaches to a theology of total extension of the notion of mission as world religions. Braaten's title is a takeoff well as an ecclesiastical narrowing down TheoSundermeier, ProfessorofHistory ofMission, on Knitter's No Other Name? Braaten de­ of a confession-bound understanding of University of Heidelberg, was a missionary in spises Knitter's question mark and takes mission. Namibiaand South Africa in 1964-75. such pride in his own exclamation point It might prove helpful to make a dis­ as to attribute it to the apostle Paul (pp . 1­ tinction between Israel, the church and 2). the world without separating them from Braaten's own position is not that each otherin order to overcome the unfor­ No O ther Gospel! Chri sti anity Christianity is the exclusively correct reli­ tunate separation of "inner" and "outer" Among the World's Religio ns. gion, because all religions are equally in­ mission. Yet the question of the under­ capable of offering salvation. Salvation is standing oftheir relationship toward each By Carl E. Braaten. Minneapolis: Fortress offered exclusively byGodinjesusChrist, other remains unanswered. Could it be Press, 1992. Pp. 146. $10.95. With the Bible and the traditions of the that after all, missiology is here informally ecumenical councils, the Christian church laying the claim to be a universal theol­ Carl E. Braaten, professor of theology at has some natural advantages over other ogy? the Lutheran School of Theology at Chi­ religions, but not so much as to offer salva- The wayJongeneel proceedsdoes not exclude this danger entirely. Within the presentation of mission as an academic science the following branchesare treated: history of mission (pp . 125ff.), geography of mission (pp. 159ff.),and even the soci­ ology, statistics, psychology, pedagogics, and phenomenology of mission (pp. 163­ 208). Those seeking information on the re­ spective topics will find short but precise discoursesand a helpfulbibliography.Due to the lack of space, however, the author mainly restricts himself to the listing of books. Apart from articles appearing in the International ReviewofMission, he sel­ dom refers to essays published in jour­ nals. Since Jongeneel rejects the narrow outlook of missio logy, he entitles the sec­ Maryknoll School of Theology: ond volume Missionary Theology, an obvi­ ous analogy with Hoekendijk's concept. By doing so, however, he finds himself faced with the pressure to deal with the YOUR NEXT STEP whole of theology. I wonder if Jongeneel Graduate a nd Professional Programs in: does not set himself a too ambitious goal _ Justice and Peace _ Cross-cultural Ministry in this respect? Is it really possible to deal with dogmatic topics such as Christology, _ Master of Artsin Theo logical Studies _ Ma ster of Theology anthropology, and even ethics and social _ Advanced Certificate in Justice a nd Peace ethics in less than 100 pages (pp . 57-154) _ Ad van ced Certificate in Hispanic Ministry without running the risk of being superfi­ cial? In spite of such re servations, Jongeneel has accomplished a remarkable I I piece of work. He has managed to include Please send me more Name _ I informa tion about MST's I all relevant topics facing both missionar­ Prog ra ms: Address _ ies on the mission field and scholars of I I mission studies in their teaching. I D M.A. City _ I All in all, the author has written an I 0 M,Th. State Zip + 4 _ I encyclopedia of mission that may replace o Certificate in Justice many texts and reference works. Scholars I an d Peace Tel. (day), (even ing) _ I will appreciate the author's wide knowl­ I o Certific ate in Hispa nic I edge of theological literature and his com­ Ministry petence to illustrate highly complex con­ I Dea n of Ad missions I o Min isters in the Vic inity cepts in brief and plain language. The I _ '. Maryknoll School of Theology I clearly arranged and detailed table of con­ o Lecture Series , I :: " . Maryknoll . NY 10545-0304 U.S .A tents along with an index should be of I o Summer Session (914) 941-7590 ext. 229 I great benefit to readers from the French- \------­ ------100307 J

July 1993 137 tion itself. Besides, argues Braaten, the both the Father and Spirit taking the form point he admits that other religions might other religions have helpful preparatory of Jesus Christ. For this reason, salvation mean something different by "salvation." revelations and should be appreciated as by God means salvation by Jesus Christ. It But he does not draw the moral that the such. Braaten argues strongly for both is puzzling indeed to figure out how what content of Christian salvation needs to be missionary efforts and interfaith dialogue he advocates is not simply Christian explored, nor does he appreciate that seri­ in which the Gospel of Jesus Christ can be exclusivism, softened slightly by the ad­ ous empiricalquestions remain regarding proclaimed while sharing and building mission that Christian institutions too are whether Christianity and the other reli­ upon God's grace as manifested through­ flawed, even though they alone are the gions are truly competitive. Surely it is too out many cultures and religions. Way. quick to take Hick and Knitter as the only Braaten sharply distinguishes his Braaten's conceptions both of Jesus pluralists. Why not carefully consider the position from theocentrists such as Hick, Christ and of salvation are purely formal strongly Trinitarian position of Ninian Knitter, and also James Gustafson, by and empty. Thus his position has exactly Smart and Steven Konstantine in Christian emphasizing the centrality of the Trinity. the same logic as formal exclusivist argu­ Systematic Theology ina World Context? The Braaten's is a Christocentric Trinity, with ments from any other religion. At one polemical, even supercilious, tone of most of the essays here is apparently acceptable in some Lutheran circles, judging from the audiences; butinawidercontext where his conversation partners are those with PROPOSALS INVITED FOR whom he disagrees, the tone eclipses Braaten's own potential contributions. RESEARCH PROJECTS IN -Robert Cummings Neville MISSION AND WORLD CHRISTIANITY Robert Cummings Neville is Dean of the Boston University School of Theology and is the author, The Overseas Ministries Study Center, NewHaven, Connecticut, amongotherbooks, ofA Theology Primer (1991), Behind the Masks of God (1991),God the Cre­ announces a Research Enablement Program for the advance­ ator (1968, 1992), and The Highroad Around ment of scholarship in studies of Christian Mission and Chris­ Modernism (1992). His current project is called tianity in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania. Grants will Eternityand Time's Flow. HewasPresident ofthe be awarded on acompetitive basis in the following categories: American Academyof Religion for1992.

Field research for doctoral dissertations Post-doctoral book research and writing projects Missiological consultations (small scale) Translation ofmajorworks ofmission scholarship Lexikon der Mission: Geschichte, Theologie, Ethnologie. intoEnglish Oral mission/church history projects (non- Western world) ByHorstRzepkowski. Graz, Vienna, Cologne: Planning grants for majorinterdisciplinary Verlag Styria,1992. Pp.470.990 Sch. research projects HorstRzepkowski,S.V.D.,isa well-known Roman Catholic missiologist at St. The Research Enablement Program is designed to foster scho­ Augustin, Germany. A dictionary is usu­ larship that will contribute to the intellectual vitality of the ally the product of cooperation among Christian world mission and enhance the worldwide under­ many scholars. In the case of this Dictio­ naryofMission, however, Rzepkowski has standing of the Christian movement in the non-Western world. done it all himself. This has both advan­ Projects that are cross-cultural, collaborative and inter­ tages and disadvantages. One of the main disciplinary are especially welcome. The deadline for receiving advantages is that the work is more coher­ 1994 grant applications is December 1, 1993. For further ent than we might expect in a reference information and official application forms please contact: volume of this kind. Rzepkowski includes articles on sub­ jects that relate to the history of mission, Geoffrey A. Little, Coordinator the theology of mission, and cultural an­ Research Enablement Program thropology. If we compare this volumi­ Overseas Ministries Study Center nous work with its famous predecessor 490 Prospect Street Concise Dictionary of the Christian World Mission (1970),we note that Rzepkowski New Haven, CT 06511, U.S.A. offers fewer articles about specific coun­ Tel: (203)865-1827 tries, and about American mission societ­ Fax: (203)865-2857 ies, but more articles on cultural anthro­ pology, missiologists, and encyclicals. This Program is supported by a grant from Furthermore, he is obviously more up to date (he includes articles on EATWOT, ThePew Charitable Trusts. Evangelismin Depth, etc.)and offers more extensive literature surveys.

138 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MIssIONARY RESEARCH I recommend Rzepkowski's Lexikon asan outstandingachievement in the field Im:ulturution Applied of mission studies.At the sametime,how­ TOWARD AN AFRICA ever, I would question the publication of works like the Concise Dictionary of the AFRICAN Christian World Mission and Lexikon der NYC/BOS ROUNDTRIPS FROM: Mission. Today it is important to special­ CHRru r~·· ize more and more; we need not only ~ ". " .': ' " - '- .-"; 7 . . ABIDJAN $ 990. comprehensive dictionaries but special­ BAMAKO 990. ized reference works that focus on coun­ Eugt:lU! Hillman.CS.Sp. BANJUL 990. tries (e.g., David B. Barrett, World Chris­ BRAZZAVILLE 1491. tian Encyclopedia, 1982); missionaries and T~IlIA'~ BUJUMBURA 1760. missiologists (e.g., Gerald H. Anderson, 4.. 4"feA" Biographical DictionaryofChristianMissions ~~'f~tfA"ft~: CONAKRY 924. 1045. [in processl): and missiological terms. A el4ltrdAtf~" 4"lfe~ COTONOU "missiological glossary" has yet to be pro­ ' .. DAKAR 913. duced . Even the Lexikon missions­ By Eugene Hillman, C.S.s.P. DOUALA 1375. theologishcher Grundbegriffe (Berlin 1987), Proposes a radically incarnational ENTEBBE 2101. edited by Karl Muller, S.V.D., and Theo approach to missionary activity that JOBURG 1474. Sundermeieras a missiological dictionary, 1760. allows culturally diverse peoples of KIGALI has a composite character. KINSHASA 1496. What has just been said is not at all a the world to feel at home in the LAGOS 1045. criticism of the very important work of church while being Christians in LIBREVILLE 1536. Rzepkowski. For the time being, his Lexi­ their own cultural ways. con is the best all-round missiological en­ LOME 979. cyclopedia we have. I hope there will be Paper $6.95 LUSAKA 1496. an English edition. NAIROBI 1386. -Jan A. B.[ongeneel ~ Paullst Press NIAMEY 1001. - 997 Macarthur Blvd., OUAGADOU 1001. Mahwah, N.J. 07430 1-201-825-7300 JanA. B.IongeneelisProfessorofMissionatUtrecht Call RAPTIM TRA VEL University,theNetherlands.Heserved asaNether­ Available at your local bookstore lands Reformed missionaryforeightyears in theo­ 1·800·777·9232 logical collegesin Indonesia.Heis theauthorofthe comprehensivetwo-volume handbookMissiologie (1986-91) and coeditor of the series Studies in the InterculturalHistory of Christianity, in which he editedthevolumesExperiences of theSpirit (1991) andPentecost, Mission, and Ecumenics; Essays on Intercultural Theology:Festschriftin Honour of Professor Walter J. Hollenweger (1992).

TheCatholicDoctrineof Non-Chris­ tian Religions: According to the Sec­ ond Vatican Council.

ByMiikkaRuokanen. Leiden:E.J. Brill,1992 . Pp. 169. $43.00.

Miikka Ruokanen's illuminat ing study of the Second Vatican Council's teaching on "other" or "non-Christian" religious tra­ ditions appears as volume 7 of E. J.Brill's Studies in Christian Mission, edited by Marc R. Spindler. It is a distinguished addition. Ruokanen unfolds the theology of religions contained in the council's De­ cree on the Relation of the Church to Non­ 1 Ad missions Director Christian Religions (NostraAetate),but he WHEATON COLLEGE GRADUATE SCHOOL does far more than anal yze NostraAetate. /- Irenically but with scholarly rigor, the Wheaton , Illinois 60187-5593 Phone: 708-752-5195 Wheaton College complieswith federal andstate requirements fornondiscriminationon the basis of handicap, sex, race, author examines the conciliar teaching as color, national or ethnicorigin in admissions andaccess to its programs and activities. a whole-includingelements found in the

Jul y 1993 139 decrees on mission (Ad Gentes), on the isactive and not merely a practical "moral" church (Lumen Gentium), and on the church faculty, Ruokanen does justice to two as­ Uve and Learn in the world (Gaudium et Spes) . While he pects of that teaching: (1) conviction that at the does this in a way that sheds light on grace operates in a zone wider than ex­ subsequent debates on conciliar doctrine, plicit Christian faith, and (2) concern to Ruokanen refrains from enteringinto these avoid relativism. In eleven carefully con­ Overseas Ministries later theological discussions. An appen­ structed chapters, Miikka Ruokanen un­ dix reprinted from INTERNATIONAL BULLE­ covers facets of Vatican II teaching on the Study Center TIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH, in which importance of the missionary mandate Ruokanen, Paul Knitter, and this reviewer and the need to honor divine activity out­ attempted to sort out such matters, how­ side Christianity. These doctrines, as the ever, is a help in that direction. council unfolds them, cohere with neither Ruokanen performs an especially fideist biblicism nor secularist relativism, important service by situating conciliar but it is keeping them in tension that con­ teaching in the context of the Thomistic stitutes the genius of the council. This theology of nature and grace-a scholas­ Ruokanen shows clearly.

.. ;...;;", tic appropriation of Augustinian theol­ This is not a book that solves the ogy that underlies all official Roman "problem" ofa Christiantheology ofother -and find renewal for Catholic soteriological teaching. In my religious traditions. But it is the best I experience, when fundamental misinter­ know in bringing into relief questions that world mission pretations ofconciliar teaching arise, there traditionalists, progressives, evangelicals, is generally a failure as well to realize that liberationists, and liberals all need to ex­ Fully furnished apartments the Roman magisterium judges that its amine afresh . and Continuing Education version of Thomistic teaching on nature -William R. Burrows and grace is the best construal of scriptural program of weekly seminars teaching on salvation. WilliamR.Burrows, Managing Editor,OrbisBooks, Writefor Study Program and Understanding, as he does, that for Maryknoll, N.Y., is working on a book on Application for Residence the Catholic magisterium "conscience" is reconceptualizing evangelization inthelightofcon­ Overseas Ministries the focal point where transforming grace temporary understandings of religious relativity. Study Center 490 ProspectStreet New Haven, Connecticut 06511 Kosuke Koyama: A Model for Intercultural Theology.

ByMerrill Morse. Frankfurt amMain: Peter Lang, 1991. Pp.xiu,317. Paperback $58.95.

This book represents a condensation of a fellow human beings). Thisisintercultural doctoral dissertation completed at the living, "committed to the self-understand­ University of Birmingham, England. The Try Calholic ing and self-expression of Christian faith author, an American Lutheran pastor, did inaworld that ispredominantlynot Chris­ Th~ological Union's his work in close association with Profes­ 9). World Mission tian" (p. Koyama's own background in sor Walter J. Hollenweger and Bishop Japan and other countries where Chris­ Program. Whether Lesslie Newbigin. His previous life expe­ tians are in minority status has clearly , you're coping with rience had led him from a background helped him to identify and give focus to fresh water primarily "shaped by ScandinavianChris­ certain basic elements of biblical faith that shortages in the tianity into a society steeped in Theravada have counterpoints in other religious tra­ Philippines, water Buddhism." This period of study and ser­ ditions and may well serve as bridges for conservat ion in rural vice in Thailand was followed by several encounter-witness. A primary example is America, or helping years of teaching in Japan, altogether an Koyama's emphasis upon the themes of parishes meet urban ideal background for study of the theol­ suffering and self-denial, which he sees as challenges , ogy and life of Kosuke Koyama. central to New Testament portrayals of Koyama needs no personal introduc­ the activity ofGod and his Christ, as of the tion to the readers of this journal. Sufficeit properconduct ofChristians in the world. Catholic Th~ologkal Union offers contemporary responses to missionaries at home and abroad. to say that his birth (1929), upbringing, Morse summarizes Koyama's theol­ and theological education in Japan, along ogy in saying, "In Jesus God takes on the Creativemissiologists include: Claude-Marie Barbour, with his subsequent career in Thailand, discord and pain of the world and em­ Stephen Bevans, SVD, Eleanor Doidge, loB, Singapore, New Zealand, and now Union 24). ArchimedesFomasari,MCCJ, AnthonyGittins, CSSp, braces it with love" (p. A significant John Kaserow, MM, Jamie Phelps, OP, Ana Maria Theological Seminary in New York City, partofKoyama' s theology, as ofthis book, Pineda, SM, Robert Schreiter, CPPS. Contact: have all served to make him a significant is also emphasis upon the crucified-mind, contemporary model for intercultural the­ a term that Koyama uses not only of the ology. "mind of Christ" (Phil. 2:1-11)but also of C.....TIIOL/C TIIEOLOGICAL Ul'iION Koyama's theology is missionary­ all authentic Christian faith-living, wit­ Admissions OIlil-e-III11K oriented to others, derived from and ta­ ness, and theology. The self-denial and 5~1I1 South Curnell • Chicago, IL 611615 USA pered to human experience, especially the suffering inherent in this life-style, how­ (312) 324·8000 experience of encounter (with God and ever, are also found beyond the [udeo-

140 INrERNATIONAL B ULLETIN OF MIssIONARY REsEARCH Christian tradition, and Koyama's open­ in India), and in education and shared itself gone into social service." But he in­ ended approach to other religious tradi­ activities across communal lines. sists confidently, based on the require­ tions constitutes a major contribution of There have been peaks and valleys in ment of Christian membership for all his theology. This Christlike mentality in the century of YMCA work in India, in­ boards of directors, that "religious values Koyama's handling is seen as specifically cluding conflicts between national or in­ could be found underlying all activities of contrary to the crusading mind of not a ternational committees and local associa­ the YMCA" (p, 292). little Christian thinking, theology, and tions, problems of financial dependence, -Creighton Lacy mission in recent centuries. He would and tensions between imperial ties and therefore have it lead to radical change in nationalistaspirations.LikeotherYMCAs, Christian praxis .This book, like Koyama's the Indian association has been charged Creighton LAcy, Professor Emeritus ofWorld Chris­ theology, can make a major contribution with abandoning its religious origins and tianityat DukeDivinity School, hasdoneresearch to contemporary Christian thinking and evangelisticpurpose. Davidconcedes that in India as a Fulbright Scholar (hehaswrittenThe living in every part of the world. it "had followed the growing humanitar­ Conscience of India) and has taught in China, -Richard Henry Drummond ian movement in the Church and had Japan , and Zimbabwe.

Richard Henry Drummond is Professor of Ecu­ menical Mission and Historyof Religions, Emeri­ tus.attheUniversity ofDubuque Theological Semi­ nary. A Presbyterian minister, he served eighteen Announcing 1993-1994 years in Japan .

The YMCA and the Making of Mod­ em India (A Centenary History).

ByM.D. David. New Delhi: National Council ofYMCAs ofIndia , 1992. Pp.xvi,514. Paper­ back Rs250.

Ifindeed "no otherChristianorganisation so objectively identified itself with the aspirations and needs of people during the most formative decades of Indian his­ tory as the YMCA" (p. xiii),this centenary Phil Parshall Andrew Ross history isavital contributiontomissiology. Fall 1993 Spring 1994 Historian M.D.David, a prominent YMCA lay leader, makes a convincing case. Through the YMCA, "Christians pio­ neered social relief, medical work, educa­ Senior Mission Scholars tional work, tribal welfare, development of modern languages and literature ... in Residence undiscriminating service to all irrespec­ tive of caste or creed" (ibid.), Pictured above are two ofthe manygoodreasonswhyyou Although at the outset the associa­ will profit from your time at Overseas Ministries Study Cen­ tion served principally British troops, Anglo-Indians,and the Indian urban elite, ter in 1993-1994. In addition to sharing in the leadership of it led the process of indigenization when OMSC's Study Program, Phil Parshall and Andrew Ross will K. T. Paul became general secretary in offer personal consultation and tutorial assistance. Phil 1916.V.S.Azariah, the first Indian bishop Parshall, with SIM International, has had many years of ser­ ofthe Anglican Church, had been a YMCA secretary for seventeen years. Though vice in Bangladesh and the Philippines. He is known for his some Westerners "felt it humiliating to work in contextualization of the Gospel among Muslims. obey an Indian boss," and though a mini­ Andrew Ross, University of Edinburgh, is a former Pres­ revolt was staged by some Americanstaff, byterianmissionaryin East Africa.Theseseniorcolleagues in indigenous leadership was strongly sup­ ported by such giants as John R. Mott and missionhave eachwrittenand taughtextensivelyin theirres­ Sherwood Eddy. J. N. Farquhar, as stu­ pective fields of mission. dent secretary and literature secretary, set a new theological direction in studying and appreciating Hinduism and Islam. Overseas Ministries Study Center The Indian YMCA also provided sig­ nificant leadership in physical education 490 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511 (sponsoring and training India's first Tel: (203) 624-6672 Fax: (203) 865-2857 Olympic team in 1924),in rural develop­ ment, in refugee work during war years, Senior Scholars, Fall 1994: Drs. Ted Ward and Marc Spindler in establishing hostels (in London, Edinburgh, and Glasgow as well as scores

July 1993 141 God's Al;'prentice: The Autobiogra­ Theological Series, but nothing about the phy of BIshop Stephen Neill. editing of A HistoryoftheEcumenicalMove­ ment, 1517-1948. I found most helpful his By Stephen Neill. Edited by EleanorJackson. comments on mission policy and of epis­ London:Hodder & Stoughton, 1991. Pp.348. copacy-here there is much to learn. He £16.95. tells us a good deal about his family back­ groundbut almost nothingabout his later Stephen Neill, born on the last day of the carefully at the editor's introduction be­ relations with them. There is too much nineteenth century, died in July 1984. He fore they read the text itself. anecdotal material (despite all that the left as his autobiography over a thousand In someways this book conceals more editor has removed). pages of typescript, which Eleanor Jack­ than it tells us about the author. I do not It is necessary to approach some of son has skillfully reduced and edited. We refer now to the crises in his life, but to the factual information, including the an­ are left with a fascinating, interesting, but matters like the writing ofhis major books . ecdotes, with caution. I must mention in also puzzling book. Readers should look We learn how he came to startthe Tinevelly particular one crux. In Elisabeth Elliot's recent biography of Amy Carmichael, A Chan ce to Die (Old Tappan, N.J.: Revell, 1987),she namesStephen Neill as the new worker at Dohnavur who after causing much tension was asked to leave, in No­ vember 1925. I expected in the autobiog­ raphy to find Neill's version of these events.However, neitherthe nameofAmy Carmichael nor that of Dohnavur is men­ tioned, and superficially the events do not seem to fit. With help from Eleanor Jack­ son, I can now confirm that Neill did indeed go to Dohnavur, at the end of 1924, as did his parents, who stayed about six months. After Neill left Dohnavur in No­ vember 1925, he worked for two further years in the area under the Anglican dio­ cese, during which time he was ordained. He returned to England in 1927to take up The Fourth Bound Volume of the fourth year of his Trinity Fellowship. In 1928, not 1924, he was interviewed by the Church Missionary Society, and he MISSIONARY GOLD returned to SouthIndia as a CMSmission­ INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH, 1989-92 ary at the end of 1928. Meanwhile his 257Contributors • 260 Book Reviews • 175 Doctoral Dissertations parents became HCMS missionaries, tak­ Here is more gold for every theological library and exploring scholar ing charge of the former CMS hospital at of mission studies-with all 16 issues of 1989-1992-bound in red Mirzapur, D.P., from 1926 to 1931. His buckram, with vellum finish and embossed in gold lettering. It matches sister Marjorie joined them, and died at the earlier bound volumes of the Occasional Bulletin of Missionary Mirzapur in 1929.It has become clear that Research, 1977-1980 (sorry, sold out), the International Bulletin of these are intentional omissions, and the Missionary Research, 1981-1984 (sold out), and 1985-1988 (a few description of his first years in India was copies left). At your fingertips, in one volume: David Barrett's Annual carefully written to give the impression Statistical Status of Global Mission, the Editors' selection of Fifteen that he was from the beginning an Angli­ Outstanding Books each year, and the four-year cumulative index. can missionary. Stephen Neill was a great man. His INTERNATIO~~ !3ULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH, 1989-92, limited edi­ great work was done despite great handi­ tion. Only~bound volumes available. Each volume is individually caps, some discussed in this book, some numbered and signed personally by the editors. concealed. This book is well worth read­ ing, despite the flaws, and I am grateful to Special Price: $49.95 until WHILE those who have made it available. December 31, 1993 THEY LAST -Jocelyn Murray $56.95 after January 1, 1994 1985-88 volume for $45.95

Jocelyn Murray,born in NewZealand,wasaCMS missionary in Kenya from 1954 to 1967. She later Send me bound volume(s) of the INTERNATIONAL BUllEnN OF M,SSIONARY RESEARCH , 1989-92 at $49.95 and bound volume(s) 011985-1988 at $45.95. studied African History at UCLA, receiving her Enclosed is my check in the amount Name _ Ph.D.in 1974, andsince1980 has livedand worked of $ made out to in London. -International Bulletin of Missionary Address _ Research, · Orders outside the U.S.A. add $4.00 par vol. for postage and .' handling. Payment must accompany all orders. Allow 5 weeks for delivery within the U.S.A.

MoUto: Publications Office, Overseas Ministries Study Center , 490 Prospect St.. New Haven , CT 06511 ·2196

142 INTIRNAllONAL BULLETINOF MIssIONARY REsEARCH Sign up now for Fall 1993 Workshops and Seminars Where new friends and new ideas meet for mission. Bach week at OMSC a new topic and a new lecturer stimulate renewal for mission.

Martha Lund Smalley Sept. 13-15 Robert T. Coote Oct. 18-22 Phil Parshall Nov. 8-12 "How to Develop and Preserve Church and Mission "Effective Communication with the Folks Back "Incarnating the Gospel in Contexts of Folk Is­ Archives." Ms. Smalley is Archivist, Yale Divinity Home." An eight-session workshop in mission lam." OMSC Senior Mission Scholar explores School Library,Mon. 2:00 p.m.-Wed. 4:00. $75 communication. 595 models of witness in Muslim lands. Cosponsored by S1M International, and Wycliffe Bible Trans­ Jean-Paul Wiest Samuel Escobar Oct. 25- 29 lators . 595 and Cathy McDonald Sept. 16-18 "Biblical Foundations for Christian Mission." Dr. "Doing Oral History: Helping Christians Tell Their Escobar, Eastern Baptist Seminary, helps us Walter Riggans Nov. 15-19 Own Story." Dr. Wiest and Ms. McDonaldare known ground our mission in the Scriptures. Co­ "Messianic Jews: A Case Study of Recontextuali­ for their work with the Maryknoll History Program. sponsored by Latin America Mission and zation ," led by Dr. Riggans, AU Nations Christian Thurs., 9:30 a.m -Sat. noon. $75 Maryknoll Mission Institute. 595 College. Eight sessions. 595 James M. Phillips Nov. 2-5 AndrewF. Walls Nov. 29-Dec. 3 Attend both Archive and Oral "Lessons for Mission from Japan and Korea." "How World Mission Is Rewriting Church His­ History seminars for S11O. OMSC's Associate Director examines the con­ tory," led by Prof. Walls, University of Edinburgh. trasting experience of mission in northeast Asia. Cosponsored by Mennonite Board of Missions. Duane Elmer Sept. 22-25 Four morning sessions. 565 Eight sessions. $95 "Conflict Resolution: Human Relationships in Cross-Cultural Mission ," led by Dr. Elmer, Wheaton College. Cosponsored by World Relief. Dear Friends at OMSC : Wed. 2:00 p.m.-Sat. noon. 595 Shirley Torstrick D Register me for these seminars D Send more information and David Pollock Sept. 27-Oct. 1 "Nurtu ring and Educating Transcultural Kids." Cosponsored by FamilySystems Ministries Int'l., and Eastern Mennonite Missions. Gerald H. Anderson Oct. 5-8 'Toward the Twenty-first Century in Christian Mis­ NAME sion." Four mornings, led by OMSCDirector. Co­ sponsored by MARC/World Vision, and United ADDRESS Church Board for World Ministeries . 56 5 CITY STATE ZIP Stephen Neill Oct. 14·15 Video program on key mission issues. Discussion Publisher s of INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Thursday and Friday mornings. No tuition.

Overseas Ministries Study Center, 490 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511 TEL: (203) 624-6672 FAX: (203) 865-2857 BookNotes In Coming Berg, Mike, andPaul Pretiz. The Gospel People of Latin America. Issues Monrovia, Calif.: MARC, World Vision, 1992. Pp. 160. Paperback. No price given. Cragg, Kenneth. Protestant Theological Education in Troubled by Truth: Life-Studies in Inter-Faith Concern. the Former Soviet Union Durham, England: Pentland Press, 1992. Pp. 320. £14.50. Mark Elliott

Deck, Allan Figueroa, ed. How Shall We Assess Islamic Frontiers of Hispanic Theology in the United States. Fundamentalism? Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1992. Pp. xxoi, 174. Paperback $16.95. David A. Kerr

Fahey, Michael A. The Riddle of Man and the Silence Ecumenism: A Bibliographical Overview. of God: Christian Response to Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1992. Pp. xxi, 384. $69.50. Fortress Islam Fung, Raymond, and Georges Lemopoulos, eds. Kenneth Cragg Not a Solitary Way: Evangelism Stories from around the World. Can a House Divided Stand? Reflec­ Geneva: World Council oj Churchee, 1992. Pp. x, 80. Paperback SFr9.90/$6.95. tions on Interreligious Encounter in Hebblethwaite, Peter. the West Paul VI: The First Modem Pope. Lamin Sanneh New York: Paulist Press, 1993. Pp. 749. $29.95. State of the World's Children: Kimball, Charles A. Challenge to Mission in the 1990s Angle of Vision: Christians and the Middle East. BryantL. Myers New York: Friendship Press, 1992. Pp. vii, 120. Paperback $7.95. The 1888 London Centenary Kraakevik, James H., and Dotsey Welliver, eds. Missions Conference: Ecumenical Partners in the Gospel: The Strategic Role of Partnership in World Evangeliza­ Disappointment or American tion. Missions Coming of Age? Wheaton, Ill.: Wheaton College, Billy Graham Center, 1992. Pp. xix, 203. Paperback. No Thomas A. Askew price given. In our Series on the Legacy of Livingstone, Greg. Outstanding Missionary Figures of Planting Churches in Muslim Cities: A Team Approach. the Nineteenth and Twentieth Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1993. Pp. 271. Paperback $14.99. Centuries, articles about Horace Allen Schlegelberger, Bruno. Henry G. Appenzeller Unsere Erde lebt: Zum Verhiltnis von altandiner Religion und Christentum in Charles H. Brent den Hochanden Peruse Claudius Buchanan Immensee, Switzerland: NeueZeitschrift fUr Missionswissenschaft,1992. Pp. 362. Paper­ Amy Carmichael back SFr46. Donald Fraser Van Rheenen, Gailyn. Melvin Hodges Communicating Christ in Animistic Contexts. J. C. Hoekendijk Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1991. Pp. 342. Paperback $14.95. Adoniram Judson Hannah Kilham Willebrands, Johannes Cardinal. Johann Ludwig Krapf Church and Jewish People: New Considerations. Lars Peter Larsen New York: Paulist Press, 1992. Pp. xvi, 280. $14.95. Robert Mackie Lottie Moon Young,Josiah U.,III. Constance E. Padwick African Theology: A Critical Analysis and Annotated Bibliography. John Philip Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993. Pp. xii, 257. $55. Timothy Richard John Ritchie Friedrich Schwager Charles Simeon William Taylor Franz Michael Zahn