DOCSLIB.ORG

Divine Familial Language in Bible Translation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Divine Familial Language in Bible Translation Note: This report has not been acted upon by the General Assembly of the PCA. The 40th General Assembly meets in Louisville, Kentucky, June 19-22. A CALL TO FAITHFUL WITNESS - PART ONE - LIKE FATHER, LIKE SON: DIVINE FAMILIAL LANGUAGE IN BIBLE TRANSLATION A PARTIAL REPORT (PART ONE OF TWO PARTS) OF THE AD INTERIM COMMITTEE ON INSIDER MOVEMENTS TO THE FORTIETH GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN AMERICA MAY 14, 2012 PCA AD INTERIM STUDY COMMITTEE ON INSIDER MOVEMENTS TE David B. Garner, Chairman RE Robert Berman, Secretary TE Nabeel T. Jabbour RE Jonathan Mitchell TE Bill Nikides RE Tom Seelinger Copyright 2012© Office of the Stated Clerk of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in America All rights reserved. 2 Contents Overture #9 – A Call to Faithful Witness ........................................................................... 4 Abbreviations...................................................................................................................... 6 Preface................................................................................................................................. 7 The Study Committee’s History...................................................................................... 7 Study Committee Recommendations to the 2012 General Assembly ............................ 7 Executive Summary............................................................................................................ 9 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9 Section A: The Practice of Bible Translation.................................................................. 9 Section B: Theological Implications............................................................................. 12 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 14 Preamble ........................................................................................................................... 16 Section A: The Practice of Bible Translation ................................................................... 19 Bible Translation in the Twenty-First Century ............................................................. 19 Muslim Belief: The Son of God in the Qur'an.............................................................. 20 Functional and Formal Equivalence.............................................................................. 21 Recent History of Missions to Muslims........................................................................ 23 Bibles for Muslims........................................................................................................ 28 Current Events 2011-2012 ............................................................................................ 29 Pastoral Concerns.......................................................................................................... 32 Caveats .......................................................................................................................... 35 Contemporary Examples............................................................................................... 36 1. Bangla: Injil Sharif ................................................................................................ 36 2. Arabic: “Stories of the Prophets” .......................................................................... 38 3. Arabic: True Meaning ........................................................................................... 40 4. Turkish: Noble Gospel........................................................................................... 43 Footnotes, Glossaries, and Other Paratextual Solutions ............................................... 45 Section B: Theological Implications................................................................................. 48 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 48 Contemporary Translation Methods and the Authority of Scripture ............................ 48 To Whom Is the Bible Written? .................................................................................... 50 Translation Method and “Acceptability” Parameters.................................................... 53 God’s Speech, God’s Family; Our Speech, Our family................................................ 55 Translation of “Son of God” Overview......................................................................... 57 The Messianic Son ........................................................................................................ 58 The Synoptic Gospels and the Son of God ................................................................... 60 Does Son of God Mean Messiah, Representative, or Beloved Chosen One?............... 63 3 The Stakes......................................................................................................................64 Summary of Principles...................................................................................................69 A Return to Istanbul.......................................................................................................70 1. Bangla: Injil Sharif .................................................................................................70 2. Arabic: “Stories of the Prophets” ...........................................................................70 3. Arabic: True Meaning ............................................................................................70 4. Turkish: Noble Gospel............................................................................................71 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................71 Recommendations to Organizations Doing Translation....................................................75 Recommendations to Churches .........................................................................................78 Epilogue.............................................................................................................................80 Bibliographies....................................................................................................................81 Works Cited ...................................................................................................................81 Articles and Books .....................................................................................................81 Reports, Conferences and Discussion Papers.............................................................86 Selected Bibliographies..................................................................................................87 Core Sources for the Sonship Translation Debate......................................................87 Additional Selected Bibliography Concerning Familial Language in Translation ....87 Note: The study committee encourages everyone to read the entire report, as its contents serve as the basis for our conclusions regarding divine familial language in Bible translation. For those unable to work through the entire report, please read the following sections: Preface (p. 7) Executive Summary (p. 9) Preamble (p. 16) Recommendations to Organizations Doing Translation (p. 75) Recommendations to Churches (p. 78) 4 1 OVERTURE 9 – “A Call to Faithful Witness” 2 3 Approved by the 39th General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in America 4 June 10, 2011 5 6 Whereas: the Church is called to take the gospel to all peoples, including those how have 7 historically been resistant to the gospel; 8 9 Whereas: contextualizing the language and forms of the gospel, while remaining faithful to 10 the truths of Scripture, is good and necessary for the advancement of the gospel; 11 12 Whereas: the Church must exercise wisdom in discerning appropriate expressions of 13 contextualization, reserving its public corrections for genuine and substantive threats 14 to the gospel; 15 16 Whereas: in recent initiatives known as “Insider Movements”, some groups have produced 17 Bible translations that have replaced references to Jesus as “Son” (huios) with terms 18 such as “Messiah” in order to be more acceptable to Muslims; 19 20 Whereas: some Bible translations of Insider Movements have replaced references to God as 21 “Father” (pater) with terms such as “Guardian” and “Lord”; 22 23 Whereas: these Bible translations are harmful to the doctrines of the authority of Scripture 24 and the deity of Christ, bringing confusion to people in need of Christ – concerns 25 that are held by many national leaders and Bible societies; 26 27 Whereas: some PCA churches have knowingly or unknowingly financially supported these 28 Bible translations; 29 30 Whereas: Muslims should not be denied a full and faithful witness; 31 32 Therefore be it resolved that the 39th General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 33 America: 34 35 • Affirms that biblical motivations of all those who seek the good news of Jesus Christ 36 with those who have never heard or responded to the gospel should be encouraged; 37 • Repents of complacency or comfort that keeps us from a faithful witness; 38 • Declares as unfaithful to God’s revealed Word, Insider Movement or any other 39 translations of the Bible that remove from the text references to God as “Father”
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 2 Methodology and Sample Background 8
    VOICES FROM CHRISTIANS IN BRITAIN WITH A MUSLIM BACKGROUND: STORIES FOR THE BRITISH CHURCH ON EVANGELISM, CONVERSION, INTEGRATION AND DISCIPLESHIP By Thomas J. Walsh A Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements For the degree MA in Mission Birmingham Christian College Birmingham, England September 2005 1 I dedicate this work to Martin my friend And all my Navigator colleagues To advance the gospel of Jesus and his kingdom Into the nations Through spiritual generations of labourers Living and discipling among the lost 2 Acknowledgements Thanks are due to a large number of people who have to put up with me but who make my life more enjoyable than they can imagine. In some cases they have just kept me going The Sanctuary Team and the Koinonia Group……thanks for the partnership Our Small Group……whose commitment to Judi and I amazes us Allan, Cathie, Peter, Gillian and Judy……special Navigator colleagues and friends who have shared our exile in Birmingham, a great city John and Catherine…..always an inspiration Nasrine….our closest, best and dearest Muslim friend Staff at BCC and especially Mark…..who showed me what good criticism really is The MBBs who took part in this research…..special people indeed Our faithful and loyal financial supporters….thank you so much My family especially Andy and Dave…..always great to see you Janet…..our special friend And finally Judi……words are insufficient 3 CONTENTS TITLE PAGE 1 DEDICATION 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 CHAPTER 1 THE IDEA OF VOICES 5 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLE BACKGROUND 8 A. Methodology 8 B.
    [Show full text]
  • Kleine Bibliothek 85 Werner Biermann Arno Klönne the Big Stick
    Neue Kleine Bibliothek 85 Werner Biermann Arno Klönne The Big Stick Imperiale Strategie und globaler Militarismus – Die USA als Megamacht? PapyRossa Verlag Inhalt Einleitung: Preemptive Strike 7 I. American Way of War 15 – Das Militärpotential im Überblick 15 – Bemerkungen zur militärischen Schlagkraft der USA 32 II. Imperiale Strategien 61 – Modelle und Konzepte 61 © 2003 by PapyRossa Verlags GmbH & Co. KG, Köln – Stützpunktsystem 78 Luxemburger Str. 202, D–50937 Köln Tel.: ++49 (0) 221 – 44 85 45 III.Verdeckte Operationen im Gewaltmarkt 109 Fax: ++49 (0) 221 – 44 43 05 – US-amerikanische PMC 110 E-Mail: [email protected] – Operationsfeld Afrika 123 Internet: www.papyrossa.de – Willige Helfer: Militärs in Südamerika 143 Alle Rechte vorbehalten IV. Globaler Militarismus 172 Umschlag: Willi Hölzel – Naher und Mittlerer Osten 174 Satz: Alex Feuerherdt – Afghanistan, Pakistan, der Iran 201 Druck: Interpress – Nordkorea und China im Fadenkreuz 211 – Geheime Mission – P2OG, Rumsfelds Geheimdienst 216 Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme V. Megamacht USA? 225 Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische – Militarismus und Weltmacht 229 Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar – Binnenwirkungen 244 ISBN 3-89438-256-2 Literatur 254 Einleitung: Preemptive Strike Preemptive Strike – so wurde in der Vorbereitung des neuerlichen Krieges gegen den Irak in der US-amerikanischen Regierungssprache jene neue welt- politische Doktrin benannt, mit der die
    [Show full text]
  • Nternattona Ettn
    • Vol. 17, No.3 nternattona July 1993 ettn• Doctoral Dissertations on Mission: Ten-Year Update, 1982-1991 William A. Smalley Ten years ago the INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY erate ever more rapidly, again reflecting change in the church RESEARCH published a directory of 934 doctoral dissertations on and in mission. Most of the topics indexed in the earlier bibliog­ mission-related subjects attheological schools anduniversities inthe raphy are to be found again in the pages that follow, but this United States and Canada. Almost four decades of research were decade also shows a distinct increase, especially in dissertations covered, from 1945 through 1982. In this issue we are pleased to dealing with theological issues in the younger churches, most present another directory of 512 North American dissertations for notably with non-traditional theologies. Liberation theology thedecade 1982-1991. predominatesamongthesenon-traditionaltheologies,butAsian, The compiler of thedirectory andauthor of thearticle below is African, black, and feminist theologies recur as well, as the William A. Smalley, afriend andcolleague ofmanyyears' standing. following summary indicates:" Now retired in Hamden, Connecticut, he is a near neighbor of the Overseas Ministries Study Center. For twenty-three years Dr. Smalley wasa translation consultant with theUnited Bible Societ­ ies, serving primarily in Southeast Asia.Duringpartofthatperiod he also edited Practical Anthropology, and for a time he was On Page principal of the Toronto Institute of Linguistics, which prepares missionary candidates for language and culture learning. Earlier 97 Doctoral Dissertations on Mission: Ten-Year Smalley wasa missionary linguistwith theChristian andMission­ Update, 1982-1991 aryAlliance in Laos andVietnam. Hismostrecent book isTransla­ William A.
    [Show full text]
  • Theology and Reading
    THEOLOGY AND READING THEOLOGY AND READING . 129 FINDING FRIENDS . 132 . PAIGE PAttERSON THE VIrtUE OF READING . 136 MARK LEEDS REVIEW ESSAYS . 152. BOOK REViews—BiBLICAL STUDIES . 177. BOOK REViews—TheolOGICAL STUDIES . 206. BOOK REViews—HISTORICAL STUDIES . .237 . BOOK REViews—PhilOSOPHY & ETHICS . 264 BOOK REViews—PREACHING & PASTORAL STUDIES . 279. BOOK REViews—Missions & EVANGELISM . 294 Southwestern Journal of Theology • Volume 52 • Number 2 • Spring 2010 EDITor-in-chIEF Paige Patterson, President, Professor of Theology, and L.R. Scarborough Chair of Evangelism (“Chair of Fire”) MANAGING EDITOR Malcolm B. Yarnell III, Associate Professor of Systematic Theology, Director of the Oxford Study Program, and Director of the Center for Theological Research ASSISTANT EDITORS Jason G. Duesing, Chief of Staff, Office of the President, Assistant Professor of Historical Theology Keith E. Eitel, Professor of Missions, Dean of the Roy Fish School of Evangelism and Missions, and Director of the World Missions Center Mark A. Howell, Senior Pastor, Houston Northwest Baptist Church Evan Lenow, Director of the Riley Center Miles S. Mullin II, Assistant Professor of Church History, Havard School of Theological Studies Steven W. Smith, Professor of Communication, Dean of the College at Southwestern, and James T. Draper Jr. Chair of Pastoral Ministry Joshua E. Williams, Assistant Professor of Old Testament EDITORIAL ASSISTANT W. Madison Grace II Southwestern Journal of Theology invites English-language submissions of original research in biblical studies, historical theology, systematic theology, ethics, philosophy of religion, homiletics, pastoral ministry, evangelism, missiology and related fields. Articles submitted for consideration should be neither published nor under review for publication elsewhere. The recommended length of articles is between 4000 and 8000 words.
    [Show full text]
  • 37:2 Towards an Integral Mission
    The Journal of the International Society for Frontier Missiology Int'l Journal of Frontier Missiology Towards an Integral Mission 57 From the Editor’s Desk Brad Gill Minding the Gap 59 Articles 59 Ecclesial Challenges on the Frontiers: A Clinical Counseling Perspective Margaret Pennington A licensed counselor blends family systems with conversion 67 Towards a Theology of Social Change and Development Todd Pokrifka A theology of the kingdom that blends the spiritual and the material 81 Social Innovation in Frontier Mission: Discerning New Ways Forward Steven Spicer A posture that blends the science of innovation with spiritual discernment 93 Community Development and the Formation of Vibrant Communities of Jesus Followers: Shared Principles of Excellence Andrea C. Waldorf A modus operandi that blends development with emergent faith 100 Books and Missiology 100 Double Crossed: The Missionaries Who Spied for the United States during the Second World War God’s Spies: The Stasi’s Cold War Espionage Campaign inside the Church 106 Undivided Witness: Jesus Followers, Community Development, and Least-Reached Communities 109 In Others’ Words 109 Coronavirus and Then Some . Why Missology Needs Political Theology Uighur Scandal and Surveillance Indigenous Chinese Missions Training Workers in a Slowbalizing World 110 A Joyful Issue Two Book Reviews of Interest Speaking of New (and Old) Religions First Gunshots in 45 Years between India and China Peace between Israel and the UAE and Bahrain April–June 2020 cApril–June 2019 Minding the Gap April–June 2020 Volume 37:2 rontier missiology stands on the shoulders of spontaneous forums. Two Editor consultations which resulted from these conversations recently published Brad Gill their compendiums, both significant for frontier missiology.
    [Show full text]
  • Care and Share Food Bank for Southern Colorado 2012-13 Financial Supporters
    Care and Share Food Bank for Southern Colorado 2012-13 Financial Supporters 12 Volt Tavern Ms. Sandra Achord Mr. and Mrs. D. V. Addington 1st Bank Mr. and Mrs. Edward Achtenberg Ms. Linda Addington 1st Place for Memories Ms. Cheryl Ackerman Adesa Colorado Springs 2013 Winter in Widefield Ice Bowl Ackley’s Rocks Adesa Great Lakes 4 Bits 4 H Club Ms. Wanda Ackor Adesa Minneapolis 4 MRS Booster Club Mr. Ivan Acosta Ms. Beth Adeson 56 Spirit Committee Mr. and Mrs. George Acree Ms. Janet Adessa A Brit and 3 Yanks Mr. and Mrs. Terry Acree Mr. Tony Adkison A Plus Properties Rosie Adair and Alfred Coxe Ms. Carol Adkisson A to Z Realty Ms. Sally Adame Mr. Douglas Adler A. Bookkeeping and Consulting Service Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Adams Ms. Louise Adler AA “Accurate and Affordable” Striping, Inc Mr. Dale Adams Ms. Margaret Adler AAHS Cheerleaders Mr. and Mrs. David Adams Ms. Kristie Adler Hawkins Ms. Renee Abbe Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Adams Mr. and Mrs. James Adley Mr. and Mrs. James Abbott Mr. and Mrs. Gary Adams Ms. Ann Adnet Ms. Janet Abbott Mr. John Adams II Mr. and Mrs. Dana Adoretti Ms. Marjory Abbott Mr. and Mrs. John Adams Adrian Leroy Hall Trust Mr. and Mrs. Donald Abdallah Mr. and Mrs. John Adams Advanced Auto Detail, LLC Mr. and Mrs. William Abel Maj Kenneth Adams Advisers Investment Management, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Scott Abell Mr. and Mrs. Laurence Adams Jr. Aerospace Sams Ms. Jennifer Abernathey Mr. and Mrs. Leo Adams Affiliated Business Consultants, Inc. Ms. Mary Lou Abernathy Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Yumuşak Güç Kavramının Devletler Ve Terör Örgütleri Tarafından Kullanımı
    v YUMUŞAK GÜÇ KAVRAMININ DEVLETLER VE TERÖR ÖRGÜTLERİ TARAFINDAN KULLANIMI: IŞİD ÖRNEĞİ (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Abdülbaki BİLGİN Kütahya - 2018 vi T.C. DUMLUPINAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ Kamu Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi YUMUŞAK GÜÇ KAVRAMININ DEVLETLER VE TERÖR ÖRGÜTLERİ TARAFINDAN KULLANIMI: IŞİD ÖRNEĞİ Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Selami ERDOĞAN Hazırlayan: Abdülbaki BİLGİN Kütahya-2018 vii Kabul ve Onay Abdülbaki BİLGİN’in hazırladığı “Yumuşak Güç Kavramının Devletler ve Terör Örgütleri Tarafından Kullanımı: IŞİD Örneği” başlıklı Yüksek Lisans tez çalışması, jüri tarafından lisansüstü yönetmeliğinin ilgili maddelerine göre değerlendirilip oybirliği / oyçokluğu ile kabul edilmiştir. ...../....../2018 İmza Tez Jürisi Kabul Red Doç. Dr. İsmail AKBAL Yrd. Doç. Dr. Selami ERDOĞAN (Danışman) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hakan ARIDEMİR Doç. Dr. Ayhan KAHRAMAN Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürü viii Yemin Metni Yüksek lisans tezi olarak sunduğum “Yumuşak Güç Kavramının Devletler ve Terör Örgütleri Tarafından Kullanımı: IŞİD Örneği” adlı çalışmamın, tarafımdan bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düşecek bir yardıma başvurmaksızın yazıldığını ve yararlandığım kaynakların kaynakçada gösterilenlerden oluştuğunu, bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanılmış olduğunu belirtir ve bunu onurumla doğrularım. ....../....../2018 Abdülbaki BİLGİN ix Özgeçmiş Abdülbaki BİLGİN, 1984 yılında Yalova’da doğdu. İlkokul ve ortaokul eğitimini Tekirdağ’da tamamladı. Lise eğitimini ise sırasıyla Konya ve Tekirdağ’da tamamladı. Lise eğitiminin ardından 2004 yılında Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Mühendisliği bölümünü kazanarak 2009 yılında lisans öğrenimini tamamladı. Ayrıca 2006 yılında sınavsız ikinci üniversite aracılığıyla kaydolduğu Anadolu Üniversitesi İşletme (Açıköğretim) bölümünden 2010 yılında mezun oldu. Askerlik görevinin ardından iki yıl boyunca lise seviyesinde ücretli öğretmenlik yaptı. 2012 yılında Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu’nun kırsal kalkınma hibelerinden sorumlu Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınmayı Destekleme Kurumu’nun sınavını kazanarak Kütahya İl Koordinatörlüğüne Uzman olarak atandı.
    [Show full text]
  • ST5550 Christian Encounter with Islam Reformed Theological Seminary – Orlando Keith Johnson, Ph.D
    ST5550 Christian Encounter with Islam Reformed Theological Seminary – Orlando Keith Johnson, Ph.D. [email protected] Spring 2021 Monday, 3:00-5:00pm Course Description There are 1.8 billion Muslims in the world (24% of the world’s population). As a global religion, Islam is rapidly growing. In a little over four decades, there will be as many Muslims in the world as Christians and more Muslims than Jews in the U.S. Unfortunately, many Americans (including evangelical Christians) are ignorant about Islam. In the twenty- first century, it is important for Christian leaders to be growing in their understanding of Islam so they can help their communities to love their Muslims as neighbors and bear witness to Christ. This course will help you better understand the history, culture, traditions, beliefs, and practices of Islam. We will reflect on the ways in which Islamic faith and practice have been shaped by historical/cultural circumstances. You will discover that, like global Christianity, Islam exists a rich variety of forms (both in its past and present). For Christians, the presence of Islam raises many important questions: How, from a biblical/theological perspective, should we think about Islam? How do we address Muslim objections to Christian teaching? What are the most effective ways to bear witness to Christ as the way, the truth and the life? Where/how might we partner with Muslims (e.g. addressing social issues)? We will explore Christian engagement with Islam from historical, biblical/theological, missiological and ethical perspectives. As a result of this class, you will be better equipped for cross-cultural ministry in a religiously pluralistic world.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL RP8007-TXT 5.0 Rev 12.9.Indd
    True Jihad is the best book I have read explaining Islam to the western mind. Mark has tactfully researched, chosen, and presented the most useful material that a Christian needs to understand Islam and be an effective witness to Muslims. Being a Muslim Background Believer (MBB) myself, I encourage you to read this book and put into practice what you learn. Dr. Hormoz Shariat, “The Billy Graham of Iran,” Iran Alive Ministries Since 9/11, Islam has continued to appear at the forefront of the news almost on a daily basis. Every Christian who is serious about sharing the greatest news ever to come to humankind, the gospel, needs to familiarize themselves with Islam and how to communicate the gospel effectively with Muslims. In True Jihad, Mark Pfeiffer guides readers through a brief history of Islam, how to communicate the gospel to Muslims, and how to answer their most common objections to the gospel. Highly recommended. Michael R. Licona, Associate Professor of Theology Houston Baptist University Mark Pfeiffer has challenged us to recognize that Abraham’s other children are dying of spiritual thirst—and that we are commissioned by Jesus Christ to share Living Water with them. Just as God provided physical water for Hagar and Ishmael in the wilderness, He still offers it to Muslims today. And we are the means of quenching that thirst. True Jihad is practical, passionate and provocative. If we let it, it can give us God’s own heart for Muslims, a heart of love and compassion; a heart for sharing the Truth that underlines “true” jihad.
    [Show full text]
  • MARCH 19, 2014 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 PCA AD INTERIM STUDY COMMITTEE on INSIDER MOVEMENTS (SCIM) 30 31 Signatories of the Committee Report (CR) 32 TE David B
    Commissioner Handbook 2014 1 2 3 4 5 6 A CALL TO FAITHFUL WITNESS 7 8 9 - PART TWO - 10 THEOLOGY, GOSPEL MISSIONS, AND INSIDER MOVEMENTS 11 12 13 14 15 16 A PARTIAL REPORT (PART TWO OF TWO PARTS) 17 OF THE AD INTERIM STUDY COMMITTEE ON INSIDER MOVEMENTS 18 TO THE FORTY-SECOND GENERAL ASSEMBLY 19 OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN AMERICA 20 21 MARCH 19, 2014 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 PCA AD INTERIM STUDY COMMITTEE ON INSIDER MOVEMENTS (SCIM) 30 31 Signatories of the Committee Report (CR) 32 TE David B. Garner, Chairman 33 RE Robert Berman, Secretary 34 RE Jonathan Mitchell 35 TE Bill Nikides 36 TE Guy Prentiss Waters 37 38 Signatories of the Minority Report (MR) 39 TE Nabeel T. Jabbour 40 RE Tom Seelinger 41 2101 Commissioner Handbook 2014 1 The missionary must carefully take into account the specific situation and 2 circumstances of the people with whom he is dealing… It might be held further that theology 3 can contribute nothing with regard to the manner of approach, since it is anthropology, 4 ethnology, and psychology that are here the experts… But such a solution is too simple… No 5 matter how well-intentioned they may have been, those who ignored theological principles 6 have in fact run into great difficulty. Missionaries may adopt the way of life of a people, 7 speak their language, associate themselves with their religious concepts, utilize sayings 8 derived from their religious literature, and from the standpoint of ethnology or psychology 9 all this may be excellent.
    [Show full text]
  • The River Weekly News Will Correct Factual Errors Or Matters of Emphasis and Interpretation That Appear in News Stories
    Read Us Online FREE at Take Me IslandSunNews.com Home VOL. 9, NO. 9 From the Beaches to the River District downtown Fort Myers FEBRUARY 26, 2010 their tales. “When I see some- Arts For ACT Gallery thing that retains a link with the past, I’m drawn to it. My Opening Reception For The Artists aim is to open the viewer’s eye to history that is still in use in some fashion, and stir memo- ries.” Many Southwest Florida landmarks that Belling has put into limited edition prints have already been altered by storms or man. It’s been noted that he is preserving our unique past on paper. His limited edition prints of Southwest Florida landmarks decorate homes and busi- nesses along the gulf coast and beyond. Although he is a year- round Florida resident, Belling has found subject matter every- where he travels, with Alaska and Door County, Wisconsin his favorite destinations. After a successful career as a free- lance designer, and partner and creative director of advertising agencies, Belling now works 1st street by David Belling exclusively as a watercolor art- oin Arts for ACT Gallery in downtown Fort Myers on Friday, March 5 from 6 to ist. He has won many awards 10 p.m. for the opening reception and Art Walk for the March featured artists; and watercolor competitions. BluesTraveler by Lennie Jones JDavid Belling, Ken Kaminsky and Lennie Jones. His work is represented in Straightforward and welcoming, bold and realistic, Belling’s watercolor style captures major corporate and many the spirit of the timeless beauty he finds in nature and living history.
    [Show full text]
  • ST5550 Christian Encounter with Islam Reformed Theological Seminary – Orlando Keith Johnson, Ph.D. [email protected] Spring 2020 Mondays, 3:00-5:00Pm
    ST5550 Christian Encounter with Islam Reformed Theological Seminary – Orlando Keith Johnson, Ph.D. [email protected] Spring 2020 Mondays, 3:00-5:00pm Course Description There are 1.8 billion Muslims in the world (24% of the world’s population). As a global religion, Islam is rapidly growing. In a little over four decades, there will be as many Muslims in the world as Christians and more Muslims than Jews in the U.S. Unfortunately, many Americans (including evangelical Christians) are ignorant about Islam. In the twenty- first century, it is important for Christian leaders to be growing in their understanding of Islam so they can help their communities to love their Muslims as neighbors and bear witness to Christ. This course will help you better understand the history, culture, traditions, beliefs, and practices of Islam. We will reflect on the ways in which Islamic faith and practice have been shaped by historical/cultural circumstances. You will discover that, like global Christianity, Islam exists a rich variety of forms (both in its past and present). For Christians, the presence of Islam raises many important questions: How, from a biblical/theological perspective, should we think about Islam? How do we address Muslim objections to Christian teaching? What are the most effective ways to bear witness to Christ as the way, the truth and the life? Where/how might we partner with Muslims (e.g. addressing social issues)? We will explore Christian engagement with Islam from historical, biblical/theological, missiological and ethical perspectives. As a result of this class, you will be better equipped for cross-cultural ministry in a religiously pluralistic world.
    [Show full text]