Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs for Cta’S Products and Services in African, Caribbean & Pacific (Acp) States – Country Study: Nigeria

ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS FOR CTA’S PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IN AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC (ACP) STATES – COUNTRY STUDY: NIGERIA

Country Study: NIGERIA

Final Report

Prepared by:

Professor Terry A. Olowu

on behalf of the

Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)

Project: 4-7-41-254-7/i

July 2008

ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS FOR CTA’S PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IN AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC (ACP) STATES – COUNTRY STUDY: NIGERIA

Country Study: NIGERIA

Final Report

Prepared by:

Professor Terry A. Olowu

on behalf of the

Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)

Project: 4-7-41-254-7/i

July 2008

Disclaimer

This report has been commissioned by the CTA to enhance its monitoring of information needs in ACP countries. CTA does not guarantee the accuracy of data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of CTA. CTA reserves the right to select projects and recommendations that fall within its mandate.

(ACP-EU) Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) Agro Business Park 2 6708 PW Wageningen The Netherlands Website: www.cta.int E-mail: [email protected]

Acknowledgements

Completing a study such as this requires the cooperation and assistance of many people. Indeed, too many to mention. However, we wish to thank the chief executives and directors of all organizations for giving their approval for their respective institutional representatives to be interviewed and completing the questionnaire. Without their approval, getting responses would nave been impossible. Similarly, we appreciate the efforts of the institutional representatives for the interest they showed and time given for the interview. To members of the research team, Mr. Steve E. Agu (Abia State), Dr. Undiandeye (Borno State), Mr. Reuben T. Sonkop (Kaduna State), Mr. O. Olakulehin (Lagos State), and Mr. P.A. Eniolorunda (Plateau State) we acknowledge your guidance and resourcefulness throughout the study.

Finally, we thank CTA for the opportunity to contribute to its developmental efforts.

Professor Terry A. Olowu National Consultant

List of Acronyms

ABU Ahmadu Bello University ADB Africa Development Bank ADENI Agricultural Development In Nigeria ADP Agricultural Development Programmes AFAN All Farmers Association of Nigeria AGOA African Growth Opportunity Act ALCC Abundant Life Community Church AMREC Agricultural Media Resources And Extension Centre ARCT Agricultural Research Communication And Technology ARMTI Agricultural Research And Management Training Institute ATBU Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University BCA Broadcasting Corporation Of Abia State BUK Bayero University Kano CAAPD Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development CAN Cashew Association Of Nigeria CANI Computer For All Nigerians Initiative CBA Commonwealth Broadcasting Association CBN Central Bank Of Nigeria CBNRMP Community Based Natural Resource Management Project CEDP Cassava Enterprises Development Project CIDA Canadian International Development CIMMYT International Centre For Maize And Wheat Improvement (ICMWI CIRAD Centre De Cooperative Intertionale En Recherché Agronomique Pour Le Development CMD Cassava Mosaic Disease CMD Centre For Management Development COWAN Community Women’s Association Of Nigeria CRA Cattle Rearers’ Association CRIN Cocoa Research Institute Of Nigeria CTA Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation CUPP Antibiotic Treatment Of Bovine Microplasma Infection DORA Distribution of Reference Books on Agriculture ECOWAS Economic Community Of West African States ECWA Evangelical Church For West African EEC European Economic Community EED Evangelisher Entwicklungsdienst / Church Development Services EU European Union FACU Federal Agricultural Coordinating Unit FAO Food And Agricultural Organization FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation FHI Family Health International FIRO Federal Institute Of Industrial Research FRCN Federal Radio Corporation Of Nigeria FRIN Forestry Research Institute Of Nigeria FUTO Federal University Of Technology Owerri GDP Gross Domestic Product GSM Global System for Mobile Communication GSP Generalized System Of Preference

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAR Institute For Agricultural Research IAR&T Institute Of Agriculture, Research And Training Ibadan ICAT International Centre For Tropical Agriculture ICM Information And Communication Management ICRISAT International Crops Research Institutes For The Semi Arid Tropics ICT Information, Communication Technology IDRC International Development Research Centre IEC Information, Education And Communication IFAD International Fund For Agricultural Development IFDC International Federal Development Centre IFEE International Foundation For Entrepreneur Education IFS International Foundation For Science IITA International Institute Of Tropical Agriculture IITA International Institute Of Tropical Agriculture ILO International Labour Organization ILRI International Livestock Research Institute ILRI International Livestock Research Institute ILTAB International Laboratory For Tropical Agric Bio Technology IMF International Monetary Fund IOI International Ocean Institute IOL International Oceanography Commission IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources Institute IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources Institute JHU John Hopkins’ University KSACA Kaduna State Action Committee On AIDS LCRI Lake Chad Research Institute LCRI Lake Chad Research Institute MOUAU Michael Okpara University Of Agriculture Umudike MTP Management Training Plot MTRMs Monthly Technology Review Meetings NABDA National Biotechnology Development Agency NACGRAB National Centre For Genetic Resources And Biotechnology Development NACRDB Nigerian Agricultural Credit And Rural Development Bank NAERLS National Agricultural Extension Research And Liaison Services NAFDAC National Agency For Food, Drug, Administration And Control NAN News Agency Of Nigeria NAPEP National Poverty Eradication Programme NAPRI National Animal Production Research Institute NARSP National Agricultural Research Support Programme NCAM National Centre For Agricultural Mechanization NCEMA National Centre For Engineering And Agricultural Mechanization NCRI National Cereals Research Institute Badeggi NDDC Niger Delta Development Commission NDIC Nigerian Deposit Insurance Cooperatives NESG Nigeria Economic Summit Group NFDP National Fadama Development Programme NFP National Fadama Programme NIFFR National Institute Of Fresh Water Fisheries Research NIFOR Nigeria Institute For Oil Palm Research NIHORT Nigeria Horticultural Research Institute Ibadan

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NIOMR Nigeria Institute Of Oceanography NIPOST Nigerian Postal Services NITR Nigerian Institute For Trypanosomiasis NPC National Population Census NPFS National Programme For Food Security NRCRI National Root Crops Research Institute NRCRI Natural Root Crop Research Institute NSPRI Nigerian Storage Product Research Institute NUJ Nigeria Union Of Journalist NVRI Natural Veterinary Research Institute OAU Obafemi Awolowo University OFAR On-Farm Adaptive Research OIE Office International Episoptic OSIWA Open Society Initiative For West Africa PAN Poultry Association Of Nigeria PANVAC Pan African Centre For Vaccine PCU Project Coordinating Unit PIDOM Presidential Initiative On Doubling Maize Production In Nigeria PROSAB Programme In Sustainable Agriculture In Borno State QAS Question And Answer Service RTEP Root And Tuber Expansion Programme RTEP Presidential Initiatives On Root And Tuber Expansion Programme RTEP Root And Tuber Expansion Programme RTEP Root And Tuber Expansion Programme SDI Selective Dissemination of Information SFH Society Of Family Health SIWES Students Industrial Works Experience Scheme SMEDAN Small And Medium Enterprise Development Agency Of Nigeria SNR Strengthening Nigeria Response SP Sustainability Project SPAT Small Plot Adoption Technique SPFS Special Programme On Food Security SPFS State Programme For Food Security SSCP Sub-Sahara Challenge Programme TCA Technical Centre For Agriculture And Rural Corporation UI University Of Ibadan UNAAB University Of Agriculture Abeokuta UNDP United Nation Development Programme UNICEF United Nation’s Children’s Emergency Fund UNIMAID University Of Maiduguri UNN University Of Nigeria USAID United State Agency For International Development USIS United State Information Service VRI Veterinary Research Institute VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminals VSO Voluntary Services Overseas WECAMAN West And Central Africa Maize Network WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization Exchange rate: €1 = N175.450 as of 5/12/07

Table of Contents Acknowledgements...... i List of Acronyms ...... ii Table of Contents...... v Executive summary...... vii 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2. COUNTRY PROFILE...... 2 2.1 Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Livestock...... 2 2.1.1 Agriculture...... 3 2.1.2 Fisheries ...... 3 2.1.3 Forestry ...... 4 2.1.4 Livestock / Pastoralism...... 4 2.2 Brief Description of the Status of ICT Infrastructure and Recent Developments in the Sector...... 4 3. STATUS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT...... 6 3.1 Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework...... 6 3.2 Operational Aspects...... 6 3.2.1 Description of agricultural information and services ...... 6 3.2.2 Information sources ...... 10 3.2.3 Information products and services provided...... 13 3.2.4 Information and communication management capacity ...... 13 3.3 Interventions Supporting Information and Communication for Agriculture and Rural Development...... 14 4. INSTITUTIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS (STRENGTHS, MAIN BOTTLENECKS AND SHORTCOMINGS) ...... 16 4.1 Information Needs...... 16 4.2 Capacity-building Needs (IC Policies & Strategies, Sensitisation, Networking, Skills, Training, Media, ICT, Equipment)...... 28 4.3 Feedback on CTA’s Products and Services ...... 31 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 33 5.1 Conclusions...... 33 5.1.1 Information needs ...... 33 5.1.2 Capacity building needs ...... 34 5.1.3 Overview of CTA’s products and services...... 35 5.1.4 Potential partners and beneficiaries ...... 35 5.2 Recommendations ...... 36 5.2.1 Information needs ...... 36 5.2.2 Capacity building needs ...... 36 5.2.3 CTA’s products and services ...... 37 5.2.4 Potential strategic partner institutions ...... 37 6. PROPOSED CTA INTERVENTION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN ...... 38 6.1 Intervention Strategy ...... 38 6.2 Action Plan...... 39

ANNEXES...... 42 ANNEX 1. TERMS OF REFERENCE ...... 43 ANNEX 2. COUNTRY PROFILE- NIGERIA ...... 50 2.1 General Agricultural Profile ...... 50 2.1.1 Size of agricultural population (male/female/youth)...... 51 2.1.2 Farmed land, forest, and fishing areas...... 52 2.1.3 Agricultural systems...... 55 2.1.4 Agriculture in the economy...... 60 2.1.5 Main agricultural produce and secondary products ...... 61 2.1.6 Main export markets...... 65 2.1.7 Trade agreements that include agriculture ...... 68 2.2 Socio-economic Profile...... 68 2.2.1 Demographics...... 68

2.2.2 Literacy level and languages...... 71 2.2.3 Access to services ...... 72 2.2.4 Rural-urban drift ...... 76 2.3 Media and Telecommunications ...... 76 2.3.1 Newspapers, periodicals and broadcast media...... 76 2.3.2. Telecommunication services...... 122 2.3.3. Computers and the Internet ...... 126 ANNEX 3. PROFILE OF INSTITUTIONS...... 132 Annex 3.1. List of Institutions in the agricultural sector ...... 132 Annex 3.2. Select list of key institutions...... 199 ANNEX 4. LIST OF INSTITUTIONS/PERSONS INTERVIEWED ...... 267 ANNEX 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 271

Executive summary

Introduction The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was established in 1983 under the Lome Convention between the African, Carribean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States and the European Union Member States. Its mandate includes developing and providing services that improve access to information for agricultural and development and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilise information in this area. CTA works through intermediaries organizations in meeting these goals. CTA intends to expand the number of intermediary organizations it works with as a way of reaching out to more beneficiaries and increasing its efficiency. This study is therefore an attempt at identifying these beneficiaries.

Objectives of the study The objectives of the study are: providing an overview of main agricultural services and actors existing in the country (information supply side) in terms of their strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for collaboration with CTA; identifying agricultural information and ICM capacity building needs of key actors / key strategic partners for CTA products and services; identifying potential strategic partners for CTA activities and services (paying special attention to e.g. print media, editors, radio, TV and journalist networks); developing some baseline data on the status of ICM and ICTs in the country to facilitate subsequent monitoring and updating activities.

Methodology A desk study collected available data on general agriculture and socio-economic profile as well as information on media and telecommunication. In addition, five states (Abia, Borno, Kaduna, Lagos and Plateau) were purposively selected based on two criteria (presence of agricultural research institute and relative media density index) from the five agricultural zones of Nigeria. From each selected state, a list of organizations that use CTA products and services was compiled. From this list at least 10% of the organizations were selected. In addition to this procedure, two institutions were purposively included from Oyo State for their national relevance. This procedure resulted in the selection of 28 organizations.The representative of each of the 28 selected organizations was then interviewed based on a questionnaire already prepared by CTA.

Expected results The expected results of the study are: status of infrastructure, information services and ICM capacity of institutions involved in agriculture and rural development described and analysed; information and capacity building needs in the area of ICM identified for key institutions and potential CTA partners involved in agriculture and rural development;

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baseline data on the status of ICM and ICT in agriculture and rural development compiled for monitoring purposes and improved outreach.

Conclusions The various organizations/institutions have specific mandates in Nigeria. Some are research focused and others extension. Further more, some provide information- based services while many others give banking and financial services. Indeed, some provide a mix of services. In other words, the services provided by some are narrow in scope while others are broad based. The conclusions of this section are based on these considerations.

Information needs

Rural Development Information Farm problems are the priority in this category of information for most organizations. This is vital as farmers are the centre piece of all research, extension and community based activities.

Development and Funding Issues Limited funds in meeting organizational objectives has brought about a resurgent in diversification of activities and sources of funding. Organizations therefore seek information on potential funding institutions especially through collaborative efforts.

Conferences and Meetings Researchers and practitioners of agriculture and rural development desire to keep abreast of current developments in their various fields of specialization. Attendance of conferences and professional meetings, especially at the international level, is one of the avenues through which this desire can be satisfied.

Gender Issues Gender issues need to be adequately addressed to unmask differences, roles play in agricultural and rural development.

Trade Fairs The various roles trade fairs and exhibitions play and their potentials in agricultural development require that information on where and when they are mounted is made available to the various stakeholders.

Technical Information Crop varieties Providing information on improved crops and livestock technologies is very essential to all organizations. The reduced yield obtained from the practice of planting seeds harvested from previous season’s crop as highlighted by a private company points to the importance of adoption improved crop varieties.

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Integrated pest management Integrated pest management as a way of controlling pests and diseases is a practice that is currently been advanced in most developing countries including Nigeria. Its sustainability and environmental friendliness has recommended it to Nigerian farmers.

Grading Systems Enforcement of grading systems can drastically reduce economic losses that accrue from lack of standardization of products and services amongst small scale farmers.

Packaging Farmers generally lack information on adequate packaging of products. Providing them such information can enable them add-value to their products.

Economic Information Market Information Market information pertaining to availability of markets, availability of products, potential buyers and prices are needed for demand-driven agricultural productivity and improved standard of living of stakeholders.

Credit and micro-credit Information on credit and micro-credit available from relevant organizations are of immense importance to farmers.

Training Needs Management of information within organisations Inadequate educational qualification of librarians and other ICM practitioners as well as managements’ lack of appreciation of the importance of ICM calls for training/retraining programmes for the former and sensitization workshops/seminars for the latter.

Application of communication technologies in extension services The training of extension agents in the use of ICTs will greatly enhance their complementary use in disseminating agricultural and rural information.

Participative methodologies Various organizations need to be familiar with and knowledgeable about participative methodologies for identifying field and farm problems that require quick fix.

Editing of reports Editing reports is one skill required to effectively convey research findings and other messages to targeted groups. Mounting training in report editing is therefore essential for effective performance of various stakeholders.

Capacity building needs Capacity building of information and communication in agriculture and rural development really exist. There are areas that need strengthening both in staffing and equipment requirements.

There are some specialised units or departments that are responsible for information and communication activities in agriculture and rural development in Nigeria. This is especially the situation in research institutes and universities.

The staff responsible for information and communication are inadequate in number and educational qualification. Most have obtained degrees in fields other than documentation and library studies/science, communication/mass communication information and archival studies.

Most organizations need more computer systems, printers, scanners, photocopiers, digital cameras, multimedia projector, mobile video vans and other equipment that will facilitate information and communication activities

A few organisations need to have Internet connectivity as well as websites for institutional use. Also some organisations that currently have Internet connectivity should broaden their accessibility beyond the reach of the chief executive. Internet connectivity is currently at very high subscription cost to the institutions. Alternate routes for such connectivity should be identified.

Overview of CTA’s products and services Most organizations are aware of CTA’s products and services in Nigeria. Institutional receipt of its products and services is relatively low due to compounding factor of individual receipt of same publications and services without adequate acknowledgement of this officially. CTA’s products and services have considerably increased recipients’ knowledge of current agricultural and rural development practices. Universities and research institutes find it difficult to obtain journals while the other organizations have problems finding materials that are suitable for mass distribution.

Potential partners and beneficiaries The 22 potential partners and beneficiaries belong to the following organizational types:

Media Organizations. The findings of this study suggest that media organizations have very low awareness of CTA’s activities. However, the potentials of media organisations in spreading developmental information is enormous. This potential should be explored through partnership with such media organizations as Abia Newspapers and Publishing Corporation, New Nigerian Newspapers Limited, Plateau Publishing Company and The Guardian Newspapers. Also the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Kaduna and Lagos State Radio Service (Owners of Radio Lagos & Eko FM) should be mobilised.

Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Many NGOs abound in Nigeria. Some of these NGOs such as Idea Builders, Centre for Women Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation, Ganty’s Aid for Widows, Orphans and the Needy and Community Development Foundation which are specific for agriculture and rural development should be mobilised to partner CTA’s in its mandate activities.

Research institutes and universities Nigeria has several research institutes. Their mandate covers crops, livestock, fisheries, forestry and veterinary medicine. Six of these research

institutes, National Root Crops Research Institute, Lake Chad Research Institute, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research and National Veterinary Research Institute are potential partners for CTA’s activities and mandate. Similarly, three universities, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, University of Ibadan and University of Maiduguri, are potential partners.

Others Others include All Farmers Association of Nigeria, Abia Chapter, Premier Seeds, Zaria and the Nigerian Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural Development Bank, Kaduna.

Recommendations On the basis of the data obtained and conclusions outlined in section 4.1, the following recommendations are drawn:

Information needs Spore magazine that is popular with researchers and practitioners alike should be used to address the top information needs. These are farm problems, development and funding issues, conferences/meetings, gender issues and trade fairs. Others are crop varieties, integrated pest management, grading systems and packaging. Market information, credit and micro-credit should also feature in Spore. Special editions should be produced to focus on specific issues.

Special bulletins and briefs on these priority information needs should also be prepared in very simple-to-understand format for mass distributions to partnership organizations.

The proposed newspaper, radio/television beneficiary organizations should publish feature articles and broadcast programmes focused on these information needs respectively.

CTA in collaboration with the Federal Government of Nigeria should organize sensitization workshops for management of agricultural and rural development organizations in Nigeria on the importance of information and communication management in organizations. This is to address the current lack of interest that management places on ICM.

CTA in partnership with the Federal Government of Nigeria should organize similar sensitization workshops for all personnel involved in information and communication activities in agricultural and rural development organizations.

Capacity building needs To address the inadequacy in number and educational qualifications, CTA should organize a series of workshops on information and communication management covering topics that will enhance job performance. Also universities should revise their curricula and institutionalise training and learning processes that give adequate attention to IT and ICM.

Organizations should be encouraged to employ only qualified personnel to be responsible for ICM in organizations.

CTA should assist organizations in the acquisition of appropriate equipment such as computer systems, printers, scanners and others that will facilitate their information and communication management.

In addition, the Federal Government of Nigeria needs to increase Nigerians’ awareness of its Computer for All Nigerians Initiative (CANI) to enhance their acquisition of computers and other accessories.

Organizations that are currently not connected to the Internet should be encouraged and assisted by CTA in getting their institutions connected to the Internet. Those whose connectivity is restricted to their chief executives should broaden their access to most members of the organization through networking.

Similarly, the Federal Government and CTA should encourage and assist organizations in designing their websites.

The Federal Government of Nigeria should develop a national Information and Communication Management policy that will cater for the needs and operational prerequisites of information and communication activities in organizations.

CTA in collaboration with the Federal Government of Nigeria should also organize a Train-the-Trainers Workshop on Application of Communication Technologies in Extension Services for extension agents.

Two workshops, Participative Methodologies and Editing of Reports, should also be mounted. The former will be designed for researchers and extension agents while the latter will be for researchers, personnel of information and communication and extension agents.

CTA’s Products and Services CTA’s products and services are rated highly by researchers and practitioners. However, its current institutional subscription is rather low. This is because of individuals within organizations also receiving CTA’s publications though not been accounted for at the institutional level. There is an urgent need therefore to harmonize individual and institutional subscription for proper accountability of services rendered. While individual subscription should continue, their organizational affiliation and approval may be sought before final allocation of credits. A list of such recipients should be maintained both at CTA and the institutions. Maintaining such a list of approved recipients at the organization/institution should increase accountability and reduce duplication of efforts.

Potential Strategic Partner Institutions The University of Ibadan, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture and University of Maiduguri, should revise their curricula and institutionalise training and learning processes that give adequate attention to IT and ICM. Spore Readers Club should be established in each of these universities.

The Guardian, The Nigeria Standard, New Nigerian and the National Ambassador should regularly publish feature articles on the activities, products and services of CTA. Similarly, Radio Lagos and Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Kaduna should broadcast radio programmes that focus on the activities, products and services of CTA. NACRDB should be encouraged to sponsor these programmes.

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The National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) should organize a post study Stakeholders Workshop for drawing up a Memorandum of Understanding on partnership with CTA. It should also mount sensitization workshops on the Importance of ICM in Agricultural Production for both management and staff of agricultural organizations in Nigeria. Other ICM-related workshops in the country shall be undertaken by NAERLS.

NAERLS’ five zonal offices and all the proposed partners and beneficiary organizations should be equipped with CTA’s On-line and/ or CD-ROM databases to enable more individuals benefit from CTA’s activities, products and services.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1. The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was established in 1983 under the Lomé Convention between the ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific) Group of States and the European Union Member States. Since 2000, it has operated within the framework of the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement.

2. CTA’s tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to information for agricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilise information in this area. CTA’s programmes are organised around three principal activities: providing an increasing range and quantity of information products and services and enhancing awareness of relevant information sources; supporting the integrated use of appropriate communication channels and intensifying contacts and information exchange (particularly intra-ACP); and developing ACP capacity to generate and manage agricultural information and to formulate information and communication management (ICM) strategies, including those relevant to science and technology.

3. CTA’s activities are currently distributed among three operational programme areas / departments:

Information Products and Services; Communication Channels and Services; Information and Communication Management Skills and Systems.

4. The Planning Corporate Services (P&CS) supports these three operational programmes. The current assessment of the information needs of CTA’s products and services in Nigeria, falls within the mandate of P&CS.

2. COUNTRY PROFILE

5. Nigeria has a population of about 140 million and is located in West Africa with a land area of 91 million hectares of which 70 hectares (76%) are cultivable. The climate is semi-arid in the north and humid in the south. The vegetation ranges from mangrove forest on the coast to desert in the far north. Nigeria’s economy is highly dependent on oil revenues and accounts for 90% of the total export and 70% of government revenue. However, agriculture still contributes about 40% of the gross domestic product with crops accounting for 80%, livestock 13%, forestry 3% and fishing 3% (Nigeria National Report, 2006).

6. The major arable crops grown and consumed in Nigeria include sorghum, millet, cowpea, maize, rice, cassava, yam and groundnut. Other crops include plantain/banana, cocoa, rubber, oil palm, gum Arabic, cashew, mango, citrus, pulse, pine apples and potatoes. Livestock population in Nigeria include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. Smallholder farmers, who use simple production techniques and bush fallow and cultivate areas of one-half to two hectares each, contribute two- thirds of farm production.

7. Nigeria has over 250 ethnic groups. However, the predominant groups are Hausa and Fulani (29%), Yoruba (20 %), Ibo (20%), Ijaw (6.5 %), Kanuri (4%), Ibibio (3.5 %), and Tiv (2.5%). The official language of Nigeria is English although most Nigerians communicate with each other through indigenous languages predominant in the particular state. Hausa is predominantly used in northern Nigeria, Yoruba in south western Nigeria and Igbo in Eastern Nigeria. Nigeria has a literacy rate of 68% for the population with the males having 75.7% literacy and the females recording 60.6% literacy (The World Fact Book, 2007).

8. Nigeria has to a number of social, educational and health facilities. While Nigeria has primary, secondary and tertiary health care facilities, about 86% of these facilities are primary health facilities. About 43% have access to safe water. There has been a steady increase both in the number of primary schools, secondary schools, polytechnics and universities in Nigeria as well as the number of pupils/students enrolled in them. Generally, more males than females are enrolled in these institutions. Electricity supply in Nigeria is basically erratic with frequent power cuts. Nigeria produced and consumed 19.06 billion and 17.1 billion kWh of electricity respectively in 2004. Its sources of production include fossil fuel (61.9%) and hydro fuel (38.1%). Electricity generation and distribution has defied several interventions by various governments. Improving on this basic service to the Nigerian populace will go a long way in ameliorating hardships experienced by Nigerians (World Energy Report, 2005).

2.1 Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Livestock

9. The Federal Government or State Governments are not directly involved in agricultural production in Nigeria. Production is carried out largely by small scale peasant farmers. Rural farms are generally small in size, varying from 0.1 – 6ha and farming is mostly under rain-fed conditions. Some large farms established by organizations and individuals are also involved in agricultural production. However, the production from the small farms accounts for about 95% of total agricultural output (Federal Ministry of Agriculture, 2005).

10. The Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) is the overall policy making body for agriculture and rural development. It ensures support for technology generation and dissemination, project and programme coordination and implementation, rural sector planning, monitoring and research. Agricultural and rural development policies and programmes are implemented through State Ministries of Agriculture and Rural Development. The Project Coordinating Unit (PCU) of FMARD has oversight responsibilities for programme implementation. It also coordinates the activities of the 36 state Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) including that of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). In addition to the ADPs, extension activities are performed by a variety of organisations including private sector, civil society and university-based institutions.

2.1.1 Agriculture 11. Agriculture contributed 37.4% of Nigeria’s gross domestic product estimated at US$50.2 billion in 2003. It also accounts for 90% of the agricultural output coming from the small holder sector (National Bureau of Statistics, 2005). Agriculture provides occupation for 30% of the economically active population of which 38% are females. Generally, agriculture contributes about 40% of the GDP with crops accounting for 80%, livestock 13%, forestry 3% and fishing 4%. The contribution of agriculture to Nigeria’s GDP shrunk from 65.7% in 1959 to 30.9% in 1976. This contribution increased 3.8% yearly between 1983 and 1988, and the percentage of export value in agriculture grew from 3% in 1983 to 9% in 1988. In 1993, it accounted for 38% of the GDP, declining to 29.66% in 2001 and then increasing to 31.46% in 2004 (National Bureau of Statistics, 2005).

12. About 90% of the rural population are involved in activities related to the crop sub-sector which provides the bulk of agricultural income. Similarly, the crop sub- sector supports the processing industry by providing raw materials.

13. Crop production in Nigeria follows a pattern that has emerged in response to local conditions. In the south where rainfall is heaviest the staples are root crops which include cassava, cocoyams and sweet potatoes. Tree crops include cacao, oil palm, and rubber. In the northern third of Nigeria which experiences long dry season, the staples are millet, cowpeas and sorghum. Others are maize and rice. Its commercial crops are cotton and groundnut. Whereas in the middle belt that lies between the arid north and the wet south, the staples are yams, sorghum, millet, cassava, cowpeas, maize and rice. The most important commercial crop is benniseed.

2.1.2 Fisheries 14. The fisheries sub-sector has 500,000 coastal and 200,000 inland primary producers and provides employment to an estimated three million people. The fishing industry provides employment to 100,000 people in various fields of engineering, vessel operations, distribution, marketing and management. In the early 1980s, the bulk of the fish catch was taken by small businesses using large canoes (some motorized) along the coast, smaller canoes in the creeks and lagoons, and similar small boats in freshwater areas. The modern commercial fishing fleet consisted of about 300 licensed craft ranging in size from 20 tons to more than 6,000 tons; about one-third were vessels under 265 tons that engaged in inshore fishing and shrimping. Aquaculture is practiced mostly by private commercial farms. Fish and fish products account for over 40% of the total animal protein intake in Nigeria. The fishery sub- sector contributes about 2.9% of the nation’s agricultural GDP.

2.1.3 Forestry 15. Forestry sub-sector constitutes 12% of the land area in Nigeria. This is about 10.9 million hectares of land under woodland and forest cover. High forest reserves occur mostly in Ogun, Ondo and Oyo states in the south while savannah forest reserves are mainly in the northern states. The rate of deforestation is about 2.6% per year, which is considered one of the highest in Africa. As the largest wood producer in Africa, Nigeria harvests annually more than 100 million m3, which contributes between 1.3%and 3% of the country’s GDP and serves as a major source of energy, food and medicinal plants.

2.1.4 Livestock / Pastoralism 16. The livestock industry is second to crops in terms of its contribution to the agricultural sector. It contributes about 20% of Nigeria’s agricultural GDP. Apart from such contribution, livestock is the source of high quality protein, provided usually in the form of meat, milk and eggs. In addition, animal skins are consumed in Nigeria. Cattle are used for traction and transportation along with other large animals such as donkeys, camels and horses. The livestock industry is an important employer of labour and a source of capital for the farm household. It is estimated that there are 15 million cattle, 45 million sheep, 85 million goats, 6.3 million pigs, and 137 million poultry in Nigeria. Estimates for other livestock are, 1 million donkeys, 208,000 horses and 88,000 camels (Federal Department of Livestock, 2005).

2.2 Brief Description of the Status of ICT Infrastructure and Recent Developments in the Sector

17. Nigeria has numerous daily newspapers, monthly magazines, radio and television stations. Currently, Nigeria has at least 213 newspapers of which 191 are privately owned while 22 are owned by governments. Some of these newspapers such as the Guardian have regular agricultural columns on specific days of the week. Similarly, there are 90 magazines of which a majority (84) is owned by private enterprises and 6 are government owned (Nigerian Press Council, 2007).

18. There are 96 radio stations of which 79 are owned by either state or federal governments while 17 are privately owned. The same ownership pattern is exhibited for television stations. Of the 62 television stations, the federal/state governments own 48 while 14 are privately owned. Nigeria also has 36 cable television stations and 2 direct satellite stations. The National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) is the regulatory agency for the broadcast industry in Nigeria (NBC, 2007).

19. The vast number of print and broadcast media in Nigeria, therefore, presents ample opportunities for disseminating agricultural and rural development messages to Nigerians. Indeed, some radio and television stations already broadcast such messages to the Nigerian people.

20. The telecommunications industry is characterised by a mix of fixed, wireless and mobile telephones. Community telephony also features in the industry. The current major players providing mobile telephone services in the country are MTN Nigeria Communication Limited, Celtel Nigeria, Mobile Telecommunications Limited and Glo Mobile Limited.

21. Since its inception the growth of the telecommunications market in Nigeria has being at geometric rates, thereby sustaining the market as one of the fastest growing telecommunications markets globally. From about 2.3 million lines at the end of 2002, the number of connected telephone lines increased to about 4.04 million at the end of

2003 and 10.20 million in 2004. This represents an average annual growth rate of about 115% between 2002 and 2004. By December in 2006, it was 34 million.

22. Equally, the usage and penetration of Internet services witnessed commensurate growth. Internet users increased from less than half a million in 2002 to about 1.6 million in 2003 to 1.8 million in 2004, representing increase in penetration rates from 0.3 in 2002 to 1.3 in 2003 to 1.4 in 2004. These users are serviced by several Internet service providers at cybercafés located in mostly urban areas. These developments were due in part to the liberalization and privatization of the telecommunications industry.

23. The liberalisation and privation of the telecommunication industry in Nigeria with its attendant increase in the number of fixed and mobile lines has made the use of computers in the country more prevalent in different sectors of the economy. Nigeria has on the average 7.1 computers to 1000 persons. Computers are used in Nigeria in educational institutions for instruction as well as easy access to updated information. They are also used in the travels industry for monitoring travel schedules and bookings as well as governmental agencies and non-governmental organisations for general administrative purposes. Financial institutions are also actively involved in e-banking through the use of computers and Internet services.

24. Also Nigeria’s participation in the National Information and Communications Infrastructure (NICI) process, an extension of the United Nations’ Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), United Nations’ Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and International Development Research Centre (IDRC) motivated African Information Society Initiative (AISI), has provided the impetus for the development of an IT policy, which is an integral part of the NICI process. This made it possible for the Nigerian Information and Communication Technology Agency (NICTA) to start work with UNECA in 2000 and produced Nigeria’s National Policy for Information Technology which was approved by the Federal Executive Council in March 2001. This policy was officially launched on May 24 2001. The National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) was established by the Federal Government on April 18 2001 to ensure the implementation of the policy as well as to coordinate and regulate the development of the Information Technology sector. Additionally, the National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Strategic Action Committee was inaugurated on August 7 2003 as a critical step in the implementation of the National IT Policy. In August 2006, a Presidential Task Force on ICT Harmonization was set up to examine the duplication of efforts and absence of cross-sectoral convergence in government’s ICT strategies.

25. Other developments in the industry include launching of Nigerian Communications Sattelite-1 (NIGCOMSAT-1), part ownership of SAT-3 Submarine Cable, local manufacture of telecoms equipment and accessories and establishment of monthly Consumers Parliament.

3. STATUS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework

26. A National Mass Communication Policy was formulated in 1987 with specific philosophy and objectives related to the print and electronic media. Issues bordering on ownership, news coverage, support services and implementation strategy were delineated in the policy. The National Broadcasting Commission regulates the broadcasting industry and also oversees the implementation of the communications policy.

27. Similarly in 1998, a National Policy on Telecommunications was approved. This policy covered matters related to objectives, structure and competition policy. Others are restructuring and privatization, economic regulation, Internet and satellite communications, universal access, manpower development and research. The Ministry of Communications monitors the implementation of the policy while the Nigerian Communications Commission is the regulatory agency.

28. A third policy, National Policy for Information Technology (IT) was also formulated in 2001 with the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) as the regulatory body.

29. As regards agricultural libraries and documentation centres, the Agricultural Sciences Department of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) is, among other functions, charged with the responsibility of generating and disseminating improved agricultural technologies through the Research, Extension and Training activities of 18 National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs). The Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2005) states that to achieve this there shall be a maximum of 5 operational technical departments and 4 service departments which may include Administration, Finance and Supplies, Security, Planning and Services and an Information and Documentation (Library) Departments. It also adds that each research institute shall maintain a well equipped and functional library under the Information and Documentation Department.

30. Apart from the FMARD guideline, the other policies were not formulated specifically for agriculture and rural development. However, they provide institutional and regulatory framework within which agriculture and rural development efforts and interventions operate and are indeed given media coverage in Nigeria. The major strength of these policies is that the stakeholders and their varied functions have been clearly articulated. However, constraints such as erratic power supply, inadequate training of personnel, insufficient number of qualified staff, “unsellable” nature of agricultural information and low literacy level have punctuated the availability of agricultural information and communication channels.

3.2 Operational Aspects

3.2.1 Description of agricultural information and services 31. The main actors in information and communication in agriculture and rural development vary across the selected institutions (Table 1). The institutional arrangement of the actors in the organizations vary from a simple configuration

involving specific persons designated to perform the information and communication activities to a more complex configuration of departments/units or specialized units being responsible for those activities. In the simple configuration, specific persons not units are responsible for information and communication activities. The designated persons may be the secretary/president as in Farmers Associations (All Farmers Association), managers of non governmental organizations as in Idea Builders and secretary to the Chief Executive as in non governmental organizations (Community Development Foundation). In the more complex arrangement, Administration is generally involved in one form or the other in information and communication activities of the organisation. In addition, departments/units and specialized units are responsible for information and communication. They include Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes in the Agricultural Development Programmes, Finance and ICT Directorate in Bank/Credit Institutions and Editorial Department and Computer/Internet Department in Publishing/Newspaper Organizations. Others are Information and Documentation Department in Research Institutes and Management and Information Systems in the Universities. Finally, there is a mix of both arrangements whereby the designated person’s activities are complemented by those heads of units. This arrangement is found in a non governmental organization (Community Development Foundation).

32. As regards libraries specifically, academic libraries are located in tertiary institutions (universities and polytechnics) as well as research institutes. Fifty-five universities with Faculties of Agriculture along with the three Universities of Agriculture and the 18 agricultural research institutes have libraries. For instance, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, have a main library which is complemented with faculty and departmental libraries. The main libraries have several volumes of books and periodicals covering agriculture, veterinary medicine and several other disciplines. Additionally, these libraries have online and CD-ROM databases. The online databases include: AJOL (African Journals Online) and AGORA (Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture). The agricultural research institutes also have their main libraries that are stocked with volumes of books and periodicals of various agricultural disciplines. Like the universities, they have online and CD-ROM databases. The National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), for instance, have links to many information resources such as journals, statistical databases and early warning systems that are useful for research. A number of IITA’s popular publications can also be downloaded through access to its IITA publications link.

33. Also there are private libraries in the country though they are limited and not very developed, A few associations and professional bodies such as the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) and the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria (AESON) have libraries and resource centres. AESON, for instance, has its resource centre located at the Agricultural Research and Management Training Centre (ARMTI) at Ilorin.

34. Most of the libraries in Nigeria currently have one form of online access or the other to several information resources. These have been earlier noted for IITA, ABU, UI and NVRI. To this extent, they could be regarded as virtual libraries. However, a full blown virtual library known as the National Virtual Library of Nigeria established by the National Universities Commission (NUC) and sponsored by the Educational Trust Fund (ETF) is operational in Nigeria. Its collection includes electronic books, journals, films, videos and tapes. The disciplines covered by this collection include Agriculture, Arts, Education, Medical Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology. Furthermore, the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) has an E-Library

referred to as Information Gateway. Through the e-library access is gained through links to:

• AGORA (Access to Global Online research in Agriculture) • Bioline International • BLDS: British Library for Development Studies • Bridge: Development and Gender • Directory of Open Access Journals • HINARI (Health Internet Work Access to Research Initiative) • OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment) • World Bank Documents • World Development Reports and many more.

Table 1: Main actors in information and communication in agriculture and rural development

Categories of Name of Organization Key Actors in Information and Organizations Communication Abia State Development • Extension Subprogramme Programme • Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Subprogramme • Library Unit • Administration Borno State Agricultural • Human Resources Unit (Library) Development Programme • Media Unit

• Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation

Department Government Kaduna State Agricultural • Computer Unit (in Department of Department Development Project Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation) Lagos State Agricultural • Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Development authority • Extension Plateau State Agricultural • Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Development Programme Department • Personnel and Human Resources Development Department • Finance and Accounts Department All Farmers Association of • Secretariat (Secretary) Farmers Nigeria, Abia State Association Chapter Nigerian Agricultural, • Finance and ICT Directorate Bank/Credit Cooperative and Rural Institution Development Bank Publishing/ Abia Newspapers and • Editorial Department Newspaper Publishing Corporation • Computer Unit of Operations Department Organizations (Publishers of National • Administration Department Ambassador)

Categories of Name of Organization Key Actors in Information and Organizations Communication New Nigerian Newspapers • Computer Unit of Production Department Limited(Publishers of New • Editorial Department Nigerian) • Administration Department The Guardian Newspapers • Computer/Internet Department • Management and Information Services Department • Administration Department Plateau Publishing • Communication Section in Editorial Company(Publishers of Department The Nigeria Standard) • Administration Department Non Centre for Women • Heads of Departments (Youth, Governmental Empowerment and Poverty Administration, Vocational Skills and Alleviation Project Implementation Departments) Idea Builders • Manager and two Personnel Community Development • Administrative Unit Organizations Foundation • Research and Development Services Unit • Training Unit • Youth Enterprises Unit • Business Development Unit • Microfinance Unit • Secretary to Executive Director Ganty’s Aid for Widows, • Secretary/Legal Adviser Orphans and the Needy • President (GAWON) Premier Seed Nigeria • Research and Development Department Limited • Production Department • Marketing/Sales Department Private • Finance/Audit Department Enterprise • Human Resources Department Radio Nigeria, Maiduguri • Library Unit • Administration Programme Federal Radio Corporation • Archival Library of Nigeria, Kaduna • Reference Library Radio Stations • Administration Department Lagos State Radio Service • Automated Library (Owners of Radio Lagos • Administration Department and EKO FM) National Root Crops • Administration Division Research Institute • Information and Documentation(Library) • Computer Unit Lake Chad Research • Information and Documentation Institute Department National Agricultural • Administration Department

Extension and Research • Extension and Agricultural Economics Liaison Services Programme Research Institutes National Animal Production • Publication and Information Unit Research Institute

Categories of Name of Organization Key Actors in Information and Organizations Communication Nigerian Institute for • Extension Research and Liaison Service Oceanography and Marine • Library Unit Research • Administration Department National Veterinary • Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Research Institute Department University of Maiduguri • Management and Information System • Administration • Departmental Offices Michael Okpara University • Administration of Agriculture • Departments and • Colleges Universities University of Ibadan • Management and Information System in the Vice Chancellor’s Office • Departmental Offices and • Colleges Source: CTA Information Needs Survey (2008)

3.2.2 Information sources 35. The various categories of organizations obtain information on agriculture and rural development from several sources. The sources include organizations publications, electronic media and fairs and exhibitions (Table 2) 36. National organizations are predominant sources of information for the Agricultural Development Programmes. The organizations include PCU, NCRI, NIOMR, NRCRI. NIFOR, CRIN among others. The few international organizations that are sources are CTA, IITA and FAO. In the case of Farmers Associations their sources are mostly national organizations and the media. Bank/Credit Institutions have national financial institutions, (CBN and SMEDAN) and Internet as well as journals as sources.

37. Publishing/Newspaper Organizations have international institutions (WHO, OPEC, ILO, AFP) as sources. They also patronize national organizations and trade fairs as sources. Non governmental Organizations basically use a mix of international and national organizations, publications and the Internet. Private Enterprises have a similar pattern with NGOs. However, they have more international organizations (WARDA, ILRI, IITA, etc.) than NGOs.

38. Research Institutes and Universities patronize more diverse sources than all other categories of organizations. Their sources include conferences, workshops, seminars, international and national organizations as well as journals, newspapers and colleagues.

Table 2: Information sources of selected institutions

Categories of Name of Organization Main Actors in Information Organizations and Communication Abia State Development IITA, PCU, NRCRI, UNN, Programme FUTO,MOUAU, The Guardian, Vanguard Newspaper, Broadcasting Corporation of Abia State (Radio/Television) Government Borno State Agricultural LCRI, UNIMAID, PCU, Spore, Department Development CTA Books, Radio, TV, Trade

Categories of Name of Organization Main Actors in Information Organizations and Communication Programme Fairs, Field Days Kaduna State IITA, FAO, CTA, NAERLS, IAR, Agricultural Development ABU, UI, Radio, TV, Programme Newspapers Lagos State Agricultural IAR&T, IITA, NIOMR, UNAAB, Development Authority FIIRO, UI, OAU, NSPRI, NIFOR, CRIN, NIHORT, NCAM, NRCRI, PCU, FAO, Internet Plateau State Agricultural Universities of Agriculture, Development UNIJOS, ABU, ATBU, NVRI, Programme CTA, Publications, Radio, TV. All Farmers Association NRCRI, NCRI, NIFOR, of Nigeria, Abia State NIHORT, MOUAU, Abia State Farmers Associations Chapter University, Abia ADP, Abia State MANR, BCA, NTA, AFNAN HQs. Nigerian Agricultural, ABU, NAERLS, Internet, Bank/Credit Cooperative and Rural Journals, CBN, SMEDAN. Institutions Development Bank Abia Newspapers and Abia State House of Assembly, Publishing Corporation Abia State Ministries, (Publishers of National Correspondents of Ambassador) Ambassador, Internet, Radio. New Nigerian NNN’s correspondents, NAN, Newspapers Limited AFP, Internet, Amnesty (Publishers of New International, IMF, WHO, Nigerian) OPEC, ILO. Publishing/Newspaper The Guardian Institutions, Internet, Individuals, Organizations Newspapers Universities, Research Institutes, Chambers of Commerce. Plateau Publishing Radio, TV, Newspapers, Company (Publishers of Journals, Magazines, Trade The Nigeria Standard) Fairs, Exhibitions. Centre for Women IITA, Ministry of Agriculture, Empowerment and Magazines, Radio, TV, Poverty Alleviation Newspapers, Internet, Trade Fairs. Idea Builders Abia ADP, IITA, NRCRI, IAR&T, Internet. Non Governmental Community Development Field Contacts, Federal Organizations Foundation Government, CBN publications, Newspapers, Internet, Newsletters, Conferences/Workshops. Ganty’s Aid for Widows, Kaduna ADP, Ataya Community Orphans and the Needy Bank, CBN, Government (GAWON) Hospitals, Newspapers, Magazines, Radio, Personal Contacts. Premier Seed Nigeria IAR, IITA, ILRI, NCRI, IAR&T, Limited ICRISAT, Ministry of

Categories of Name of Organization Main Actors in Information Organizations and Communication Private Enterprises Agriculture, WARDA, Sasakawa Global 2000, Spore, ICAN Journal, Newspapers, Personal Contacts. Radio Nigeria, Maiduguri NGOs, Ministry of Agriculture, Local Governments, Newspapers, University Bulletins, NTA, Internet. Federal Radio Internet, Newspapers, ABU, Radio Stations Corporation of Nigeria, Kaduna ADP, Kaduna Conferences/Seminars, UNICEF, IITA. Lagos State Radio Newsroom, Field Reporters, Service (Owners of Internet, Radio, NAN, Radio Lagos and Eko Newspapers FM) National Root Crops CTA, MOUAU, ADPs, IITA, Research Institute Spore, CTA, Publications, Newspapers, Radio, Television. Lake Chad Research CTA Publications, ICRISAT, Institute IITA, INTSOMIL, IAR, UNIMAID, Internet. National Agricultural NARIs, CTA, FAO, ADENI, Extension and Research WECAMAN, IAR&T, IITA, Liaison Services Spore, Update, Journals, Newspapers. National Animal CTA, ABU, NARIs, Regional Production Research Research Institutes, ILRI, Research Institutes Institute NACRDB, Community/Farmers Associations. Nigerian Institute for Ministry of Agriculture and Oceanography and Water Resources, ARCT, Marine Research Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, International Ocean Institute, UNAAB, CTA, NIFFR, FIIRO, NIFOR. National Veterinary CTA, NARIs, Poultry Research Institute Association of Nigeria, Cattle Rearers Association, Ministry of Agriculture, Radio, Television, Journals, Universities of Agriculture.

Categories of Name of Organization Main Actors in Information Organizations and Communication University of Maiduguri Ministry of Agriculture, ADPs, LCRI, NAPRI, IITA, ILRI, CTA, ICRISAT, Journals, Radio, TV, Newspapers and Colleagues. Michael Okpara Internet, ADPs, IITA, ILCA, University of Agriculture NCEMA, Journals, NARIs, Universities Workshops, Conferences, Seminars. University of Ibadan Workshops, Conferences, Seminars, Journals, Internet, NARIs, CTA, IITA, ILRI, Newspapers, Radio, TV, Magazines Source: CTA Information Needs Survey, 2008

3.2.3 Information products and services provided

39. The main actors in information and communication in agriculture and rural development provide products and services that are related to the type of organization they are located. • Governmental departments such as the Agricultural Development Programmes produce Extension Guides on crops, livestock, forestry and women-in-agriculture; Databases on market prices, cooperatives and employees; Highlights of ADPs; Quarterly and Annual Reports; Baseline Surveys Reports. • Bank/Credit Institutions produce Customers’ Guide and Newsletter. • Publishing/Newspaper Organizations have their daily and weekly/biweekly titles published in English. At least one of the newspapers, New Nigeria, publishes a Hausa edition (Gaskiya) of its title. • Non Governmental Organizations have products such as Brochures, Annual Reports, Quarterly Newsletters, Success Stories Series and Development Digest. • Private Enterprises provide Technical Production Guides and Periodic Reports (Monthly, Quarterly and Annual). • Radio Stations on the other hand produce and market CDs • Research Institutes have a number of products including Extension Guides/Bulletins/Leaflets, Periodic Reports, Quarterly Newsletters, Journals, National Agricultural Research Database and Technical Reports. • Universities of course produce Journals, Conference Proceedings, Project Reports, Theses and Dissertations, Occasional Papers, Inaugural Lecture Series and Staff database.

This overview shows that the main actors produce mostly publications of different types and format for their respective audiences.

3.2.4 Information and communication management capacity

40. Generally, staffing of information and communication in agriculture and rural development is inadequate both in number and qualification. Such staff members have degrees in disciplines that are not relevant to information and communication management but have been on the job for 5 to 15 years. However, some staffers

have qualifications in Library Science/Studies and Mass Communication. There is therefore a need to employee individuals with appropriate qualifications in the social sciences with emphasis on Mass Communication, Communication, Management and Information System, Information and Documentation Science, Library and Archival Studies. On-the-job training in ICM will also go a long way in equipping them with necessary knowledge and skills in ICM.

41. All the actors in information and communication in agriculture and rural development have email addresses. Hopefully, this opens up communication with several stakeholders located in spatially diverse environments. Also most of the actors have Internet connectivity though a few of such connectivity is restricted to the office of the chief executive. About half of the actors, mostly in the universities and research institutes, have institutional VSATs for their Internet connectivity. They currently experience serious financial burden meeting their monthly/quarterly subscription dues. Alternative routes of Internet connectivity therefore need to be explored.

42. The actors are equipped with inadequate number of computer systems, printers, scanners and a few other accessories. Generally, their soft wares are also inappropriate for ICM while some of the computer systems are dated and need upgrading. As regards budgeting, no organization in agriculture and rural development in Nigeria currently has a budget specific for ICM. It is therefore not surprising that its staffing and equipment status indicates that much more needs to be done. Budgeting for ICM in agricultural and rural development must therefore become a mainstream issue in future development programmes.

3.3 Interventions Supporting Information and Communication for Agriculture and Rural Development

43. Main intervention programmes supporting information and communication for agricultural and rural development in Nigeria include: ICS-Nigeria: The Information and Communication Support for Agricultural Growth in Nigeria (ICS-Nigeria) programme aimed to strengthen the capacity of farmer- assistance organizations in Nigeria by packaging and disseminating information to farmers in appropriate formats and thereby enhance information flow. It was envisaged that by facilitating farmers’ access to information, their use of agricultural technologies will be increased and this in turn will increase their productive capacity. One of the strategies of the project was to establish farmers’ resource centres. This project which was funded by USAID was implemented jointly by IITA, CFC, PCU and NAERLS.

44. Digital Bridge Institute (DBI) The Federal Government of Nigeria established the Digital Bridge Institute in Abuja to train world-class telecommunications professionals that handle various positions in the ICT sector. The institute is to develop competencies and provide opportunities for participants at its training to gain insights into how the ICT sector is administered. It runs courses in Telecommunications Engineering, Telecommunication Technology and Telecommunications Policy, Regulation and Law. This institute should be able to provide the much needed training in areas that staff lack competencies in telecommunications and related issues.

45. Sustainable Tree Crop Programme (STCP) is aimed at producing cocoa in a sustainable way by making the farmers themselves “experts” through the use of

farmers’ field school focusing on integrated pest management. The programme is being implemented by IITA and Sustainable Tree Crop Program (STCP).

46. National Rural Telephony Programme (NRTP) The National Rural Telephony Programme is to provide lines in the local government areas of Nigeria. This project should be able to address the issue of accessibility to rural areas to telephone lines and hopefully cut down the cost of connectivity.

47. Wire Nigeria (WIN) Project Essentially, this project intends to create awareness on the need to have transmission infrastructure in various parts of the country. To this end, Nigeria will be mapped with a view to making it more attractive for operating companies to install telecommunications infrastructure. It is a private-sector driven initiative.

48. Computer for All Nigerians Initiative (CANI) This initiative aims at making all Nigerians have access to computers through reduced cost of computer and accessories and financial assistance by banking institutions.

49. In 2001, the Federal Government of Nigeria inaugurated the Governing Board for the National Library of Nigeria. The body is responsible for articulating, formulating and enunciating policies for the development of the Library, enhancement of its service delivery and accentuation of professionalism. Similarly, the Government has inaugurated the Librarians’ Registration Council which is responsible for regulating the practice of Librarianship and Information Management in Nigeria. Also in 2004, the Educational Tax Fund (ETF) sponsored the Readership Promotion Campaign (RPC) aimed at sensitising Nigerians on the need to inculcate reading habits for sustainable development.

50. Important lessons learned are:

• Use of appropriate communication formats enhances dissemination of agricultural and rural development technologies. • Specific budgetary allocation to information and communication in agricultural and rural development in Nigeria is essential for effectively reaching out to targeted clients. • Engaging staff with appropriate and relevant educational qualifications and experience can facilitate attainment of the objectives of agricultural and rural development in Nigeria • Creating an enabling ICT and telecommunications infrastructural base is fundamental for effective information and communication activities in agriculture and rural development.

4. INSTITUTIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS (STRENGTHS, MAIN BOTTLENECKS AND SHORTCOMINGS)

51. Generally, organizations are aware of the types of information they require for effective performance of institutional mandates. The informational needs vary along their functional mandates. Organizations with broad mandates such as universities and agricultural development programmes require a broad spectrum of information needs that embrace the four categories. Others such as farmers’ organizations and newspaper organizations are concerned about narrower needs of value-addition of crops and utility of indigenous crops. However, meeting these varied needs require extension agents and other stakeholders having improved communication skills, reporting capabilities and knowledge of participative methodologies. Unfortunately, lack of materials that are suitable for mass distribution and appropriate journals to the stakeholders have not helped matters. Multi-organizational partnerships offer genuine opportunities for correcting the situation.

4.1 Information Needs

52. The information needs are presented in Table 3. Generally, there are four types of information needs. These are broad rural development information, technical information, economic information and training needs. The information needs of the selected organizations do vary according to their various mandates. However, there are certain overlapping needs across organizations. For instance, the selected universities require the four broad types of information. Their need for the four types of information is not unexpected as they offer several courses in Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and Ph.D. degree programmes in various fields. These fields include agriculture, botany, zoology, geophysics, rural sociology, education and many others. These programmes curricular’ cover diverse contents that embrace rural development, technical, economic and training issues. Consequently, staff of these universities will deem it essential to have books and other educational materials that discuss these issues to complement their teaching and research functions.

53. Plateau State Agricultural Development Programme, Nigerian Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural Development Bank (NACRDB) and The Guardian and Federal Radio Corporation are other organisations that require the four broad types of information. Plateau State Agricultural Development Programme has the statutory extension mandate of all farmers in the state. Meeting this mandate requires providing information on all practices that farmers engage in. In Nigeria, these farmers practice mixed farming. The type of information that will satisfy mixed farming, will of course, involve livestock, crops and other livelihood activities. Therefore the ADP will naturally seek information that covers these issues. The four broad categories of information provide ready sources of meeting these needs. Similarly, NACRDB provides loans to both small scale and large scale farmers. However, they need information on their production status in order to determine their eligibility for loans. They therefore need valid information on the different issues on agricultural and rural development. The Guardian and Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria are information-based organizations. The Guardian has a regular agricultural column, Agro-Care, in its Sunday Edition while the Federal Radio Corporation broadcast agricultural programmes. They both therefore need diverse agricultural and rural development content materials to sustain the column and radio programmes.

54. Apart from the above, some specific needs of categories of institutions are now highlighted. In Government Departments, represented by the Agricultural Development Programmes, their major needs are farm problems. However, needs pertaining to communication skills, training for radio programme production, training- the-trainers skills, marketing information, information management and entrepreneurial skills deserve special attention.

55. In Farmers Organizations, value-addition especially in cassava, oil palm, maize, fruits, piggery and poultry as well as training in the use of ICTs are the information needs that should be addressed. While value addition can increase and improve the income base of the farmers, their efficient and competent use of ICTs can complement the efforts of extension agents in the dissemination of improved practices.

56. Publishing/newspaper organizations point out the need to provide information on some neglected but valuable crops and trees such as Moringa oleifera, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala that are beneficial to farmers and the general farming audience. In Nigeria where fertilizer supply and cost can be inhibitory in agricultural production, promoting the wide use of crops and practices that can increase soil fertility will go a long way in ameliorating farmers’ production practices.

57. Radio Stations’ information needs include networking information and information processing (Cisco and MCSE) along with training on ICTs and editing of reports. Editing reports is one need that cuts across several organizations. This is understandable as every organization prepares one form of report or the other. These reports provide insights into organizational performance and other vital information essential for their sustainability. The ability to prepare simple reports that convey appropriate and adequate messages can therefore not be over emphasised. Indeed, this study further highlights this need.

58. Research Institutes point out the need for crop production statistics, water management information, export prices, data analysis training and website development and management. Participative methodologies are also required in these institutions. Similar to editing of reports, participative methodologies is another information need that is common to several organizations. Researchers, journalists and other development partners require this skill in order to generate quick and reliable data on the field. Empowering them therefore with this skill will further enhance their performance on-the-job.

59. Private Enterprises draw attention to the need to enlighten farmers on the appropriateness in planting improved seeds. It has been observed that most farmers rather than purchase new seeds for planting after harvesting their crops at the end of the season, keep the seeds and use them to plant new areas in the subsequent season. This practice results in loss of viability of the seeds and consequently, low and unreliable yields. Apart from this need, these organizations are interested in accessing germplasm (breeder materials) from other countries.

60. Nongovernmental organizations desire to have information on training modules development, training on installation and maintenance of servers and Internet facilities. Other areas of need are localizing of computer programmes, writing of computer programmes for microfinance and having information on websites devoted to microfinance. The specific details on each organization’s information needs are given in Table 3.

61. Generally, the organizations have found it difficult to acquire a variety of information formats. The common formats found difficult to obtain by these organizations include materials suitable for mass distribution, visual information, materials produced in appropriate indigenous languages and journals. A majority of the organizations comprising the Agricultural Development Programmes, Farmers Organizations, Private Enterprises, Newspapers, Finance Organizations, Non governmental Organizations and Radio Stations have difficulty in obtaining materials suitable for mass distribution. On the other hand, Research Institutes and Universities have difficulty in obtaining Journals. This pattern may not be unrelated to the characteristics of the target audience. Their level of education and literacy rates are important considerations in this regard.

Table 3: Information needs of selected institutions

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs Abia State Existence of a Inadequate Extension Agricultural library, computer methods, Development Collection of hardware, improved seeds, Programme Baseline Reports, Inappropriate processing Implementation software, agricultural Completion Unfavourable produce, crop Government Reports, Annual attitude towards and livestock Department Reports and computer literacy, diseases, Quarterly Reports Lack of trained improved staff in ICM production management, technologies. No budgetary allocation for ICM, Low staff morale, High staff turnover, Irregular power supply. Borno State Existence of a Lack of budgetary Farm problems, Agricultural library, allocation for gender issues, Development Database on ICM, conferences, Programme market prices, Lack of trained meetings, trade number of staff for ICM, fairs, cooperative Inadequate development and groups and computer funding employees, hardware and programmes, A Unit, the inappropriate networks. Planning, software All economic and Monitoring and technical types of Evaluation Unit is information, responsible for communications data collection, skills, training for storage and developers of dissemination. radio training programmes, training-of- trainers skills for

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs extension agents. Kaduna State Internet Lack of trained New crops and Agricultural connectivity, staff on ICM, livestock Development Current Windows No budget for technologies, Project software, ICM, entrepreneurial Has a Resource Inadequate skills, control of Centre, computers, pests and Compilation of Inadequate staff diseases, Monthly Progress access to transplanting of Reports, computers, tree crops. Active Lack of intra- Collaboration with connectivity of other Institutions computers, Low computer literacy of staff

Lagos State Databases on Irregular power Livestock, Agricultural production, supply, fisheries, Development experimental Lack of trained processing of Authority results and ICM staff, agricultural farmers, Inadequate products, Existence of a computers, vegetable library, Virus infection of production, Extension computer marketing Guides, systems, information, Attendance of No budget for communication ICM training ICM, skills, training on workshops, Lack of training in information Internet maintenance of management. connectivity, ICTs Current Windows softwares, Active collaboration with several institutions Plateau State Has a library, Lacks staff with All types of rural Agricultural Publishes ICM training, development, Development quarterly Poor computer technical, Programme newsletter, literacy among economic and Produces staff, training needs. flipcharts and Inadequate posters number of computers, Inappropriate computer softwares, No budgetary allocation for ICM, Non payment of Internet

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs connectivity fee, Irregular power supply. All Farmers Physical contact Manual data Value-addition of Farmers Association of with farmers, collection products Associations Nigeria, Abia List of farmers procedure, (cassava, oil State Chapter No library facility, palm, maize, pig, Lack of GSM poultry and fruits), network signals in processing and operation areas, preservation of Inadequate farm products, computer marketing and systems and marketing software, potentials of Lack of trained products, training ICM staff, on use of ICTs. Lack of Internet connectivity.

Nigerian Internet Incomplete ICT Four broad types Agricultural, connectivity, networking of the of information. Banking/ Credit Cooperative Has its own bank, Capacity building, Institutions and Rural VSAT, Inadequate credit and micro Development Existence of an funding and credit, commodity Bank ICT Directorate, ICM staff lack profiles, Has a Library, formal training in identification of Existence of a ICM. markets. Training database, needs on Current computer participatory softwares, methodology, Institutional ICT editing of reports, Policy and management of Strategic Plan, information. Participation at a number of ICM trainings.

New Nigerian Has a library, Dated computer Information and Newspapers Vernacular softwares, technology, Limited Biweekly, Inadequate economic, Publishing/ Internet number of agricultural Newspaper connectivity, computer Organizations Has an systems, Agricultural desk, Frequent disconnection of the Internet, Virus attack of computer systems, Inadequate training of staff on ICM,

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs Power outage Plateau Internet Staff do not have Credit and micro Publishing connectivity and requisite credit, application Company Regional qualification for of communication (Publishers of coverage. ICM, technologies, The Nigeria No budget for management of Standard) ICM, information, Internet facility is editing reports. not networked, Congestion in information gathering process, Inadequate computer systems, Dated computer softwares,

Abia Regional Insufficient Farm problems, Newspapers coverage. manpower, workshops, and Lack of training in conferences and Publishing ICM, rural development Corporation No Internet generally. (Publishers of connectivity, National Inadequate Ambassador) funding, Few computer systems,

The National Lack of will of Four broad types Guardian coverage, management to of information. Newspapers Internet appreciate Information on connectivity, relevance of ICM, crops with diverse Numerous Staff lack uses such as computer requisite training Moringo oleifera, systems, in ICM. Gliricidia sepium Current computer and Leucaena softwares, leucocephala),all Newspaper has ey farming an agricultural column and Organization has a library. Centre for Regional Lack of trained Modern farming Women coverage, staff in ICM, techniques Empowermen Grassroots Inadequate and suitable for t and Poverty operation, dated computer women, gender Alleviation Collaborates with systems, issues, all several NGOs. Dated computer technical and softwares and economic Lacks Internet information,

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs connectivity. report writing of field data. Non Strong Lack of Networking in governmental Ganty’s Aid managerial will experience in agriculture/health, organizations for Widows, for development ICM, micro- Orphans and efforts, Inadequate staff financing/coopera the Needy Operates at the and tives, ICM, community level, Lack of Internet funding sources, Linkage with connectivity. marketing international products, agencies. developments related to cassava, ginger and fishery, conferences and traini9ng information. National Cost of running Microfinance, Community coverage, generators, websites on Development Networked Purchase of microfinance, Foundation Internet facility, software for each market Numerous computer system, information, computer Maintenance of sourcing of funds, systems, computer training modules Linkage and systems, development, support from Ford Lack of computer training skills Foundation. “trade-in” policy, development, Supply of quality networking , accessories, localization of Lack of training in computer ICM programmes, writing of computer programmes for microfinance Community No Internet Cassava, involvement, connectivity, plantain/banana/p Idea Builders Linkage and Staff lack training ine apple grants from IITA, in ICM, production and Has a computer No qualified staff processing, training to maintain ICTs. Animal laboratory, production, modern technologies on computers, training and installation of servers and Internet facilities, computer programming training,

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs preservation techniques National Inadequate Enlightenment on coverage, number of the use of Produces farmers computers, improved seeds, Premier Seed Production Lack of Grading system, Private Nigeria Guides, appropriate post-harvest Enterprises Limited Has Outgrowers accounting technology, Schemes, software, access to Internet facility, Lack of germplasm networking (breeder between materials) of headquarters and other countries, field operations, crop varieties, Lack of training packaging, credit on database and micro credit, management. identification of markets., application of communication technologies, management of information in organizations, participative methodologies Radio National No budget for Broad rural Nigeria, coverage, ICM, development Maiduguri Qualified staff is Limited computer information and Radio Stations responsible for systems, technical ICM, No department or information, Has agricultural unit for ICM, editing of reports programmes, An individual is Has a library and responsible for databases ICTs.

Federal Produce and Inadequate staff Four broad types Radio broadcast with ICM of information. Corporation of agricultural qualification, Nigeria, programmes in Upgrading of Kaduna local languages, computers and Has Archival and software Reference Libraries, Numerous computer systems, Internet facility.

VSAT, Staff lack training Broad technical Lagos State Internet facilities, in ICM and information, Radio Service Several computer Inadequate information on

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs systems and funding. ICTs, training on accessories, ICTs, networking Automated information and library, information Databases, processing Webcasting and (CISCO, MCSE) broadcasting VSAT, Staff lack training Crop production Internet facilities, in ICM, statistics, water National Root Several computer Monthly management Crops systems and subscription for studies, plant Research softwares, Internet diseases control, Institute Has a Library, bandwidth is very processing and Produces expensive, utilization of roots Research newsletters, Lack of exposure and tuber crops, Institutes Annual Reports to website design marketing and and Extension and computer packaging of Bulletins, networking, roots and tuber Collaboration with Inability of crops, export several scientists to prices, data international and subscribe to analysis training, national international e- computer agencies. journals. appreciation, website development and management. Lake Chad Regional in Lacks Internet Updates on Research coverage, connectivity, research trends, Institute Produces Staff lack training improved crop Extension on ICM, varieties, Bulletins and Inadequate integrated pest Guides. number of management, computers and packaging (value- softwares addition), breeding and survey techniques, conferences, meetings, development and funding programmes, application of communication technologies, participative methodologies. Internet facility, Inadequate Farm problems, Produces a number of gender issues, Journal, Guides computers and government and on Production Dated softwares, international Techniques and regulations,

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs National National conferences and Animal Agricultural meetings, Production Research development and Research Database funding Institute Systems, programmes, Has 5 staff with available requisite ICM agricultural/devel qualifications. opment networks, packaging, equipment sourcing/availabili ty, industrial profiles, credit and micro-credit, market data, identification of markets, commodity profiles, livestock insurance system, application of communication technologies in extension services, management of information within the organization, editing of reports, participative methodologies. National Has several Distribution of Four broad types Agricultural information and publications, of information Extension and communication Gathering of needs Research resources: information, Liaison Publications, e- Delay in Services resources coordinating (TEEAL, Agricola, publishing of CAB Abstract), NARIS materials. human resource database and survey database. Also there is a library, resource centre, media centre and NAQAS. It also has several ICTs and sustained collaboration with CTA.

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs National Internet Restricted access Networking and Institute for connectivity, to Internet facility, collaborative Oceanograph Has 4 staff with Inadequate research y and Marine requisite ICM staffing, opportunities, Research qualifications, Work overload on training and Produces few staff, retraining of Extension Management’s officers in marine Guides, lack of biology, zoology, Has a library and appreciation of geophysics and databases. the importance of extension. ICM, Inadequate computer systems, Inappropriate computer softwares, Lack of coordination of computer activities. Has a library, Inadequate staff Farm problems, Produces to cope with social Extension Guides demand, development, and Leaflets, Staff do not have gender issues, Has Databases requisite government and National (landed property, qualification in international Veterinary human resources, ICM, regulations, Research livestock Inadequate conferences and Institute diseases, number of meetings, trade research findings computers, fairs, and publications), Computer development and VSAT, has a softwares are not funding networks, website, e-library easily available, grading systems, and a cybercafé. grass varieties for Also has a GIS grazing, on livestock packaging, disease equipment surveillance. sourcing, transportation, water utilization, patents, industrial profile, market data, identification of markets, commodity profiles, livestock insurance system, application of communication technologies in

Categories of Name of Strengths Weaknesses Information Institutions Institution Needs extension in livestock health, management of formation within the organization, editing reports, participative methodologies. Michael Has main library, Staff lack Four broad types Universities Okpara college libraries, requisite training of information University of VSAT, Website, in ICM, needs. Plus Agriculture Cybercafé, Power outage, information on Numerous Payment of VSAT training on computers, and subscription, telecommunicatio accessories, Manpower ns, training on training in maintenance and programming and repairs of VSAT system analyst structures and inadequate funding.

University of Has a main Irregular power Four broad types Maiduguri library for supply, of information agriculture and Inadequate needs. veterinary computers and medicine, a Lack of trained library for Arid ICM personnel as Zone Studies, a well as lack of Faculty Journal, training in Internet computer connectivity and a application/appre website, ciation. University of Has main library, Staff do not have Four broad types Ibadan Faculty of training in ICM, of information Agriculture Library, power outage, needs. Publications, low IT literacy Databases, ICT among staff and Strategic Plan and a Management students, Information System high turnover of Unit with an annual technical staff budget of about N3 and million. Has a resistance to VSAT, Website and change 2000 computer systems on the University network Source: CTA Information Needs Survey, 2008

4.2 Capacity-building Needs (IC Policies & Strategies, Sensitisation, Networking, Skills, Training, Media, ICT, Equipment)

62. Capacity building needs of institutions focus on staffing, equipment and funding requirements for meeting the information and communication activities of the institutions involved in agriculture and rural development. The needs have been identified on Table 4. Staff members responsible for handling information and communication activities in most of the organizations do not have the basic educational qualifications. There is therefore a need to retrain them on-the-job. In some cases, there is a need to engage ICM specialists.

63. Retraining programmes should cover topics such as: computer appreciation and use, use and maintenance of Internet facilities, use and maintenance of ICTs, data collection and processing and management, website development and use, networking and VSAT technology, application of banking application softwares and train-the-trainers on ICM and ICTs. Apart from the employees, management of organizations also need some training. Some members of management do not appreciate the importance of information and communication management in their organizations. Consequently, budgetary allocations are never made for these activities. Special sensitization workshops should therefore be organized and targeted specifically at management in agriculture and rural development organizations.

64. All the organizations interviewed have some computers and printers. However, the number of computers and other equipment does not adequately meet their information and communication activities. They therefore require more computers, printers, scanners, video cameras, digital cameras, photocopiers and multimedia projectors amongst others. While these are basic to most institutions, the universities also require e-learning platforms and Smart classrooms to enable on-line teaching and experimentation.

65. Most of the institutions have Internet connectivity and have developed their own websites. The few (3 ADPs, 1 farmers association, I newspaper organization, 3 NGOs and 1 radio station) that are currently not connected to the Internet should explores avenues of doing so. This will enable them remain linked with most stakeholders as well as obtain ready access to vital information for organizational growth. Payment of VSAT subscription puts a lot of financial burden on institutions presently connected through this means. Alternative means should be sought. Organizations without websites should also develop theirs to avail themselves of the potentials of expanding their operational horizons and tapping from global resources.

66. Organizations need to generally update their computer softwares in line with current developments of computer systems. However, for this to be attained there is a need to review the current license fee charged for software in developing countries and Nigeria in particular. Currently, there is no trade-in policy for computer systems in the country. Formulating such a policy will enable organizations to more easily upgrade their computer systems at a reduced cost.

Table 4. Capacity-building needs of institutions interviewed

Categories of Name of Institution Capacity building needs Institutions Abia State Equipment-computers, printers, video Agricultural cameras, photocopiers, scanners, Current Development computer softwares, Programme Internet connectivity Training—computer appreciation; use & maintenance of Internet facilities Borno State Equipment—Computers, fax machines Agricultural Internet connectivity Development Website development Programme Training on use of ICTs Kaduna State Equipment-computers, printers, current Government Agricultural computer softwares Departments Development Project Training of computer operators, computer appreciation for all staff Lagos State Equipment—computers, laptops, printers, Agricultural digital cameras, camcorders, multimedia Development projectors, current computer softwares, Authority power generator Training--ICM Specialist; training in the use and maintenance of ICTs, Plateau State Equipment--Computers, printers, scanners Agricultural Internet connectivity Development Website development Programme Training--ICM specialist, training staff on use of ICTs and data processing All Farmers Equipment--computers, printers, office Association of space, power generator, Farmers Nigeria, Abia Chapter GSM network in area of operation Associations Telephone lines Internet connectivity Website development Training on website development and maintenance, ICM specialist Bank/Credit Nigerian Agricultural, Equipment- Computers, VSAT, LAN, Organization Cooperative and security softwares, Rural Development Training on IT Project management, Bank Training in networking & VSAT technology,; on application of banking application softwares Abia Newspapers Equipment--computers, printers, web-offset and Publishing machine, appropriate softwares Corporation Internet connectivity (Publishers of Website development National Training in networking Ambassador) New Nigerian Equipment – computers, printers, Newspapers Limited scanners, power generator, computer-to- press, current softwares Fluctuation of Internet connection Training of ICM staff on ICM and operation

Publishing/ of computer-to-press machine. Newspaper Plateau Publishing Equipment--computers, Networking of Organizations Company (Publishers computers for improved access to Internet of The Nigeria Website development Standard) Training--ICM specialists needed, training required for investigative reporting The Guardian Managerial and administrative will to appreciate and support ICM Equipment--laptops, GSM handsets Training---train editorial staff on use of management type of software in building newspaper pages Idea Builders Equipment--computers, printers, scanners Internet connectivity Website development Training--ICM specialist needed, train-the- trainers in ICM and ICTs Centre for Women Equipment—computers, printers, scanners, Empowerment and digital cameras, power generator Poverty Alleviation Internet connectivity Website development Training – ICM specialist, training of staff on ICM Non Ganty’s Aid for Equipment--computers, printers, laptops, Governmental Widows, Orphans multimedia projector, softwares Organizations and the Needy (Accounting Peach 3, Microfilm Operational (GAWON) Manual, Staff Management Data Base Software) Internet connectivity Website development Training--ICM Specialist, training in ICM and ICTs. Community Equipment--maintenance of computers, Development supply of quality accessories, purchase of Foundation software for each computer, lack of trade-in policy for computers, power generator Training--ICM specialist needed Private Premier Seed Nigeria Equipment--computers, scanners, laptops, Enterprises Limited accounting package (Pitche Tree) Training-in computer operation and data base management Radio Nigeria, Equipment—Electricity supply, computers, Maiduguri CDs, vehicles Radio Stations Internet connectivity Website development Training on computer appreciation and usage. Federal Radio Equipment--Upgrading of computers and Corporation, Kaduna softwares, transform materials from analog to digital Training--ICM specialist, training in ICM, networking, hardware repairs and maintenance, softwares and programming Lagos State radio Equipment--computer units enabled with

Service (Owners of encoders, sound blaster software Radio Lagos & Eko Training in Internet technology and website FM) development and maintenance National Root Crops Equipment--computers, laptops, high Research Institute subscription dues for bandwidth, subscription for e-journals Training in website design and computer networking Lake Chad Research Equipment--computers, laptops, printers Institute Internet connectivity Website development Training in information sourcing National Animal Equipment--computers, laptops Production Research Training--Professional training for ICT staff Institute Research National Agricultural Training--Updating knowledge and skills Institutes Extension and on use of current ICTs Research Liaison Services Nigerian Institute for Equipment--computers, printers, scanners, Oceanography and appropriate softwares Marine Research Broader institutional access to Internet Website development Training--Training on importance of ICM for management, Coordinator needed for ICT activities. National Veterinary Equipment--computers, printers, softwares Research Institute (SAS, Eview, Genstat, Statistica, StatA) Training--ICM specialists needed Michael Okpara Equipment-- computers, e-learning University of platforms, Proliant servers, reduction in Agriculture license for software, CD writers Training in ICM University of Ibadan Equipment--computers, laptops, scanners, digital cameras, mobile video vans, e- learning platforms, Smart-classrooms, Universities optical fibre expansion, wireless system, power generation. Training--training on the importance of ICM for all staff. University of Equipment--Computers, printers, scanners Maiduguri Training--ICM specialist, training on computer appreciation and application CTA Information Needs Survey, 2008

4.3 Feedback on CTA’s Products and Services

67. Feedback on CTA’s products and services will be discussed under awareness, receipt of publications and services and products and services received.

68. Generally, most organizations are aware of CTA’s activities. Indeed, there is very high awareness. However, there is very low awareness of CTA’s activities amongst radio and newspaper organizations. All the organizations currently not aware of CTA’s activities are in this category. Also only one of the seven interviewed

organizations in this category of organizations is currently aware of CTA’s activities. The need to purposively seek their collaboration and partnership therefore becomes very paramount as their involvement has tremendous multiplier potentials.

69. Institutional receipt of CTA’s publications and services is low. The institutions that currently receive CTA’s publications are the research institutions and universities. The products and services they receive are Spore Magazine, CTA’s publications (Update), SDI, DORA, CD-ROM and QAS. A few organizations have participated in Co-seminars and ICT Observatory. One organization, a research institute, has participated in all CTA’s activities.

70. While institutional receipt of CTA’s products and services has been low, individuals interviewed in most of the institutions have received CTA’s publications. They receive these publications based on the number of credits they have been allocated by CTA for that purpose. Therefore the low institutional receipt of CTA’s publications and services is beclouded by individual subscription and receipt. There is an urgent need therefore to harmonize individual and institutional subscription for proper accountability of services rendered. While individual subscription should continue, their organizational affiliation and approval may be sought before final allocation of credits. Maintaining such a list of approved recipients at the organization/institution may increase accountability and reduce duplication of efforts.

71. CTA’s publications and services have been adjudged very useful in performing their research and extension activities. Specifically, they have increased their knowledge of current developments in agriculture and rural development.

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions 72. The various organizations/institutions have specific mandates in Nigeria. Some are research focused and others extension. Furthermore, some provide information- based services while many others give banking and financial services. Indeed, some provide a mix of services. In other words, the services provided by some are narrow in scope while others are broad based. The conclusions of this section are based on these considerations.

5.1.1 Information needs Rural Development Information 73. Farm problems are the priority in this category of information for most organizations. This is vital as farmers are the centre piece of all research, extension and community based activities.

74. Development and Funding Issues Limited funds in meeting organizational objectives has brought about a resurgent in diversification of activities and sources of funding. Organizations therefore seek information on potential funding institutions especially through collaborative efforts.

75. Conferences and Meetings Researchers and practitioners of agriculture and rural development desire to keep abreast of current developments in their various fields of specialization. Attendance of conferences and professional meetings, especially at the international level, is one of the avenues through which this desire can be satisfied.

76. Gender Issues Gender issues need to be adequately addressed to unmask differences, roles play in agricultural and rural development.

77. Trade Fairs The various roles trade fairs and exhibitions play and their potentials in agricultural development require that information on where and when they are mounted is made available to the various stakeholders.

Technical Information 78. Crop varieties Providing information on improved crops and livestock technologies is very essential to all organizations The reduced yield obtained from the practice of planting seeds harvested from previous season’s crop as highlighted by a private company points to the importance of adoption improved crop varieties.

79. Integrated pest management Integrated pest management as a way of controlling pests and diseases is a practice that is currently been advanced in most developing countries including Nigeria. Its sustainability and environmental friendliness has recommended it to Nigerian farmers.

80. Grading Systems Enforcement of grading systems can drastically reduce economic losses that accrue from lack of standardization of products and services amongst small scale farmers.

81. Packaging Farmers generally lack information on adequate packaging of products. Providing them such information can enable them add-value to their products.

Economic Information 82. Market Information Market information pertaining to availability of markets, availability of products, potential buyers and prices are needed for demand-driven agricultural productivity and improved standard of living of stakeholders.

83. Credit and micro-credit Information on credit and micro-credit available from relevant organizations is of immense importance to farmers.

Training Needs 84. Management of information within organisations Inadequate educational qualification of librarians and other ICM practitioners as well as managements’ lack of appreciation of the importance of ICM calls for training/retraining programmes for the former and sensitization workshops/seminars for the latter.

85. Application of communication technologies in extension services The training of extension agents in the use of ICTs will greatly enhance their complementary use in disseminating agricultural and rural information.

86. Participative methodologies Various organizations need to be familiar with and knowledgeable about participative methodologies for identifying field and farm problems that require quick fix.

87. Editing of reports Editing reports is one skill required to effectively convey research findings and other messages to targeted groups. Mounting training in report editing is therefore essential for effective performance of various stakeholders.

5.1.2 Capacity building needs 88. Capacity building needs of information and communication in agriculture and rural development really exist. There are areas that need strengthening both in staffing and equipment requirements.

89. There are some specialised units or departments that are responsible for information and communication activities in agriculture and rural development in Nigeria. This is especially the situation in research institutes and universities.

90. The staff responsible for information and communication are inadequate in number and educational qualification. Most have obtained degrees in fields other than documentation and library studies/science, communication/mass communication information and archival studies.

91. Most organizations need more computer systems, printers, scanners, photocopiers, digital cameras, multimedia projector, mobile video vans and other equipment that will facilitate information and communication activities

92. A few organisations need to have Internet connectivity as well as websites for institutional use. Also some organisations that currently have Internet connectivity should broaden their accessibility beyond the reach of the chief executive. Internet connectivity is currently at very high subscription cost to the institutions. Alternate routes for such connectivity should be identified.

5.1.3 Overview of CTA’s products and services 93. Most organizations are aware of CTA’s products and services in Nigeria. Institutional receipt of its products and services is relatively low due to compounding factor of individual receipt of same publications and services without adequate acknowledgement of this officially. CTA’s products and services have considerably increased recipients’ knowledge of current agricultural and rural development practices. Universities and research institutes find it difficult to obtain journals while the other organizations have problems finding materials that are suitable for mass distribution.

5.1.4 Potential partners and beneficiaries 94. The 22 potential partners and beneficiaries belong to the following organizational types: Media Organizations. The findings of this study suggest that media organizations have very low awareness of CTA’s activities. However, the potential of media organisations in spreading developmental information is enormous. This potential should be explored through partnership with such media organizations as Abia Newspapers and Publishing Corporation, New Nigerian Newspapers Limited, Plateau Publishing Company and The Guardian Newspapers. Also the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Kaduna and Lagos State Radio Service (Owners of Radio Lagos & Eko FM) should be mobilised.

95. Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Many NGOs abound in Nigeria. Some of these NGOs such as Idea Builders, Centre for Women Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation, Ganty’s Aid for Widows, Orphans and the Needy and Community Development Foundation which are specific for agriculture and rural development should be mobilised to partner with CTA in its mandated activities.

96. Research institutes and universities Nigeria has several research institutes. Their mandate covers crops, livestock, fisheries, forestry and veterinary medicine. Six of these research institutes, National Root Crops Research Institute, Lake Chad Research Institute, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research and National Veterinary Research Institute are potential partners for CTA’s activities and mandate. Similarly, three universities, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, University of Ibadan and University of Maiduguri, are potential partners.

97. Others Others include All Farmers Association of Nigeria, Abia Chapter, Premier Seeds, Zaria and the Nigerian Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural Development Bank, Kaduna.

5.2 Recommendations

98. On the basis of the data obtained and conclusions outlined in section 4.1, the following conclusions are drawn:

5.2.1 Information needs 99. Spore magazine that is popular with researchers and practitioners alike should be used to address the top information needs. These are farm problems, development and funding issues, conferences/meetings, gender issues and trade fairs. Others are crop varieties, integrated pest management, grading systems and packaging. Market information, credit and micro-credit should also feature in Spore. Special editions should be produced to focus on specific issues.

100. Special bulletins and briefs on these priority information needs should also be prepared in very simple-to-understand format for mass distributions to partnership organizations.

101. The proposed newspaper, radio/television beneficiary organizations should publish feature articles and broadcast programmes focused on these information needs respectively.

102. CTA in collaboration with the Federal Government of Nigeria should organize sensitization workshops for management of agricultural and rural development organizations in Nigeria on the importance of Information and Communication Management in Organizations. This is to address the current lack of interest that management places on ICM.

103. CTA in partnership with the Federal Government of Nigeria should organize similar sensitization workshops for all personnel involved in information and communication activities in agricultural and rural development organizations.

5.2.2 Capacity building needs 104. To address the inadequacy in number and educational qualifications, CTA should organize a series of workshops on Information and Communication Management covering topics that will enhance job performance. Also universities should revise their curricula and institutionalise training and learning processes that give adequate attention to IT and ICM.

105. Organizations should be encouraged to employ only qualified personnel to be responsible for ICM in organizations.

106. CTA should assist organizations in the acquisition of appropriate equipment such as computer systems, printers, scanners and others that will facilitate their information and communication management.

107. In addition, the Federal Government of Nigeria needs to increase Nigerians’ awareness of its Computer for All Nigerians Initiative (CANI) to enhance their acquisition of computers and other accessories.

108. Organizations that are currently not connected to the Internet should be encouraged and assisted by CTA in getting their institutions connected to the Internet. Those whose connectivity are restricted to their chief executives should broaden their access to most members of the organization through networking.

109. Similarly, the Federal Government and CTA should encourage and assist organizations in designing their websites.

110. The Federal Government of Nigeria should develop a national Information and Communication Management policy that will cater for the needs and operational prerequisites of information and communication activities in organizations.

111. CTA in collaboration with the Federal Government of Nigeria should also organize a Train-the-Trainers Workshop on Application of Communication Technologies in Extension Services for extension agents

112. Two workshops, Participative Methodologies and Editing of Reports, should also be mounted. The former will be designed for researchers and extension agents while the latter will be for researchers, personnel of information and communication and extension agents.

5.2.3 CTA’s products and services 113. CTA’s products and services are rated highly by researchers and practitioners. However, its current institutional subscription is rather low. This is because of individuals within organizations also receiving CTA’s publications not been accounted for at the institutional level. There is an urgent need therefore to harmonize individual and institutional subscriptions for proper accountability of services rendered. While individual subscription should continue, their organizational affiliation and approval may be sought before final allocation of credits. A list of such recipients should be maintained both at CTA and the institutions. Maintaining such a list of approved recipients at the organization/institution should increase accountability and reduce duplication of efforts.

5.2.4 Potential strategic partner institutions 114. The University of Ibadan, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture and University of Maiduguri, should revise their curricula and institutionalise training and learning processes that give adequate attention to IT and ICM. Spore Readers Club should be established in each of these universities.

115. The Guardian, The Nigeria Standard, New Nigerian and the National Ambassador shall regularly publish feature articles on the activities, products and services of CTA. Similarly, Radio Lagos and Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Kaduna shall broadcast radio programmes that focus on the activities, products and services of CTA. Nigerian Agricultural Credit and Rural Deevelopment Bank (NACRDB) should be encouraged to sponsor these programmes.

116. The National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) should organize a post study Stakeholders Workshop for drawing up a Memorandum of Understanding on partnership with CTA. It should also mount a multimedia educational campaign on the Importance of ICM in Agricultural Production for both managerial and non managerial staff of agricultural organizations in Nigeria. Other ICM-related workshops in the country shall be undertaken by NAERLS.

117. NAERLS’ five zonal offices and all the proposed partners and beneficiary organizations should be equipped with CTA’s on-line and CD-ROM databases to enable more individuals benefit from CTA’s activities, products and services.

6. PROPOSED CTA INTERVENTION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN

6.1 Intervention Strategy

CTA’s intervention strategy shall be multidimensional consisting of:

118. A Post Study Stakeholders Workshop to brief strategic partners on the findings of the study as well as attaining a consensus on their roles. The objective is to increase strategic partners’ knowledge of CTA’s activities as well as have a clear definition of their roles through a one-day workshop.

119. Establishment of CTA’s on-line and CD-ROM Databases in the 22 recommended strategic partners’ organizations as a way of increasing stakeholders access to information on agriculture and rural development.

120. Production and distribution of Special Bulletins and Briefs on the identified information needs to increase stakeholders’ knowledge about the issues.

121. Translation of the Special bulletins and briefs of the identified information needs into local languages for increased stakeholders’ accessibility, understanding and utilization.

122. Organizing an educational campaign on the importance of information and communication management for managerial and non managerial personnel of agricultural and rural development organizations in order to increase their awareness and to create a favourable attitude towards ICM and consequently upgrade institutions ICTs, establish Internet connectivity, websites and other relevant equipment. This would involve seminars, radio and television broadcast, newspaper feature articles and handbills.

123. Train-the-Trainers Skills Workshop on Application of Communication Technologies to produce a core of ICT trainers who will train others in the application of ICTs. This will involve lectures, group discussions and hands-on experiences.

124. Mount a training workshop on Participative Methodologies to increase stakeholders’ knowledge and skills of participative methodologies for research and extension activities. Interactive sessions backed with group work and practical exercises shall be utilised at the training workshop.

125. Organize training workshop on Editing of Reports to increase participants’ editing skills through interactive sessions and hands-on experiences.

126. Publicity programme on radio, television and newspapers to increase stakeholders’ awareness and knowledge of CTA’s activities, products and services.

127. Review of university curricula with the objective of incorporating information and communication management contents into the curricula to facilitate the production of graduates knowledgeable in ICM.

6.2 Action Plan An Action Plan proposed to cater for the identified information needs as well as capacity building requirements is shown in Table 5.

Table 5. Proposed CTA action plan

Strategies Activities Objectives Expected Persons Participants Duration results responsible Post-study Meeting To brief MOU CTA CTA, 22 3 days Stakeholders’ Preparation of strategic document CTA proposed Workshop Agenda partners on the prepared. National strategic Presentation of findings of the Roles clearly Consultant partners and study’s study as well delineated national findings as attain a consultant Draft of consensus on CTA proposed roles their expected roles in the partnership. Establishment of Supply of CD- To increase Databases CTA CTA, 22 1 year CTA’s on-line ROMs and stakeholders established Proposed and CD-ROM other access to and Strategic databases in accessories, information on several Partners, proposed Supply of agriculture and stakeholders Federal partners and Computers rural have increased 22 Strategic Government of beneficiary Installation. development. access to partners Nigeria organizations information on Strategic agriculture and Partners rural development. Production and Preparation of To increase Many copies of CTA CTA and 3 years distribution of manuscripts, stakeholders’ bulletins/briefs NAERLS Strategic special bulletins Production of knowledge and are produced Partners and briefs for Bulletins/Briefs skills of the and distributed the identified and identified to the 22 information Distribution of information strategic 22 Strategic needs Bulletins/Briefs needs. partners for Partners . further dissemination to other stakeholders. Translation of Translation, To increase Special NAERLS NAERLS 1 year special bulletins Printing and stakeholders’ Bulletins and NAERLS 21 Other and briefs of the Distribution. accessibility Briefs 22 Strategic Strategic identified and translated into Partners Partners information understanding local Federal needs to local of the identified languages and Government languages. information distributed to provided. various stakeholders.

Strategies Activities Objectives Expected Persons Participants Duration results responsible Multimedia Seminars, To increase Attendance of CTA, CTA, Strategic One Year educational Radio managerial seminars, NAERLS, Partners, campaign on the broadcast, and non favourable Lagos State Management importance of Television managerial attitude Radio Service, of Institutions ICM for broadcast, personnel’s’ towards ICM Abia managerial and Newspaper awareness of created and Newspaper non managerial articles and the importance increased and Publishing personnel of Handbills. of ICM; knowledge of Corporation, agricultural and To create the importance (The Nigerian rural favourable of ICM. Also Ambassador), development attitude increased Federal Radio organizations. towards ICM; number of Corporation of and institutions that Nigeria, To encourage have current Kaduna, the upgrading ICTs, Internet Radio Nigeria, of connectivity Maiduguri, organizations and websites. Plateau ICTs, establish Publishing Internet Company (The connectivity Nigeria and create Standard), websites The Guardian Newspapers, New Nigeria Newspapers and University of Ibadan, Train-the- Invitation of To train Production of a CTA, CTA, and the Two weeks Trainers Skills Participants, individuals who core of ICT NAERLS, 22 Strategic Workshop on Preparation of will train others trainers Michael Partners Application of Workshop in the Okpara Institutions Communication Materials, application of University of Technologies Actual training communication Agriculture and and technologies. University of Evaluation of Ibadan. training Training Invitation of To increase Participants CTA CTA, Strategic One week workshop on Participants, participants’ use increased NAERLS Partners Participative Preparation of knowledge and number of University of Institutions Methodologies Workshop skills of participative Ibadan, Materials, participative methodologies Michael Actual training methodologies in their Okpara and for research research and University of Evaluation of and extension extension Agriculture training activities activities. Workshop on Invitation of To increase Increased CTA, CTA, One week Editing of Participants editing skills of knowledge and NAERLS, NAERLS, Reports Preparation of participants. skills on editing University of Other Strategic Workshop reports. Ibadan, Partners Materials Michael Actual training Okpara Evaluation of University of training Agriculture

Strategies Activities Objectives Expected Persons Participants Duration results responsible Publicity Preparation of To increase Increase in CTA CTA, The 3 years programme of materials stakeholders’ number of NAERLS Guardian, New CTA’s activities, Arrangement awareness and feature Radio Nigeria, Nigerian, The products and for use of knowledge of articles, radio Maiduguri, Nigeria services on materials CTA’s and television Federal Radio Standard and radio, television Actual activities, broadcast in Corporation of The National and broadcast products and strategic Nigeria, Ambassador. newspapers services. partners’ Kaduna, media.. Lagos Radio Service, The Guardian Newspaper, New Nigeria Newspapers, The Nigerian Ambassador, The Nigeria Standard. Review of Preparation of To increase Incorporation National CTA, Federal 3 years. university Position Paper knowledge and of information Consultant, Government curricula on Need for skills in ICM and University of and Strategic Change, and production communication Ibadan, Partner and Administrative of graduates management Michael Universities. procedure for equipped to courses into Okpara change in manage curricula and University of university information subsequent Agriculture followed, and production of Change communication graduates implemented activities. knowledgeable in ICM.

ANNEXES

ANNEX 1. TERMS OF REFERENCE

1. Introduction The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was established in 1983 under the Lomé Convention between the ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific) Group of States and the European Union Member States. Since 2000, it has operated within the framework of the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement.

CTA’s tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to information for agricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilise information in this area. CTA’s programmes are organised around three principal activities: providing an increasing range and quantity of information products and services and enhancing awareness of relevant information sources; supporting the integrated use of appropriate communication channels and intensifying contacts and information exchange (particularly intra-ACP); and developing ACP capacity to generate and manage agricultural information and to formulate information and communication management (ICM) strategies, including those relevant to science and technology. These activities take account of methodological developments in cross-cutting issues (gender, youth, information & communication technologies – ICTs, and social capital), findings from impact assessments and evaluations of ongoing programmes as well as priority information themes for ACP agriculture.

CTA’s activities are currently distributed among three operational programme areas / departments:

Information Products and Services; Communication Channels and Services; Information and Communication Management Skills and Systems.

These operational departments are supported by Planning Corporate Services (P&CS) which is charged with the methodological underpinning of their work and monitoring the ACP environment in order to identify emerging issues and trends and make proposals for their translation into programmes and activities. This current exercise, therefore, falls within the mandate of P&CS.

2. Background Since 2003, CTA has been systematically conducting needs assessment studies across the Pacific, Caribbean and Africa regions – the regions it has been mandated to serve. These studies have been in direct response to calls for CTA, in various evaluations of its products, services and programmes, to be more strategic in its choice regarding the setting of its own agenda and reacting to demand. In putting together its Strategic Plan and Framework for Action 2001 – 2005, CTA took a pragmatic view and opted to develop a strategy combining the benefits of both approaches, whereby the need to address the expressed demands of its stakeholders and the potential long-term advantages of developing programmes that address future needs were combined.

The Centre’s new strategic plan covering the 2007 – 2010 period places emphasis on: improving CTA’s efficiency and increasing the Centre’s outreach by addressing the major bottleneck of difficult or insufficient access to information in ACP countries; (ii) honing CTA’s profile and further defining the niche where the Centre has a comparative advantage. Consequently, reaching more beneficiaries and further strengthening CTA’s partnership networks is key as well as the thrust to make ICTs and ICM strategies more widely available.

3. Main issues CTA works primarily through intermediary public and private partners (research centres, extension services, libraries, NGOs, farmers’ organisations, regional organisations and networks …) to promote agriculture and rural development. Under the new strategic plan, the organisations targeted will be extended to include print media, editors, radio, TV and journalist networks in order to further maximise outreach. Through these partnerships, CTA hopes to increase the number of ACP organisations capable of accessing and combining modern and conventional ICTs, generating and managing information and developing their own ICM strategies. The identification of appropriate partners is therefore of primordial importance, whilst bearing in mind issues such as geographical coverage, decentralisation, regionalisation, thematic orientation and transparent and objective criteria and procedures for partner selection.

4. Overall objective Collaboration strategies with ACP agricultural organisations and relevance of CTA’s support to African ACP countries improved.

5. Scope of the study The study will focus on:

providing an overview of main agricultural services and actors existing in the country (information supply side) in terms of their strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for collaboration with CTA; identifying agricultural information and ICM capacity building needs of key actors / key strategic partners for CTA products and services; identifying potential strategic partners for CTA activities and services (paying special attention to e.g. print media, editors, radio, TV and journalist networks); developing some baseline data on the status of ICM and ICTs in the country to facilitate subsequent monitoring and updating activities.

The study should assist CTA to improve and better target interventions and activities aimed at potential partners and beneficiaries (including women, youth, private sector and civil society organisations) to have a more informed picture of their needs and aid in the elaboration of a strategy and framework of action. The study should also highlight where there are specific needs for CTA’s products and services thereby enabling improvement in the delivery of the same.

6. Expected results The expected results of the study are as follow:

status of infrastructure, information services and ICM capacity of institutions involved in agriculture and rural development described and analysed;

information and capacity building needs in the area of ICM identified for key institutions and potential CTA partners involved in agriculture and rural development; baseline data on the status of ICM and ICT in agriculture and rural development compiled for monitoring purposes and improved outreach.

The study should therefore also provide updated country profiles on the status agricultural information services, the status of ICM/T in the country, which will allow CTA to make informed decisions re type and mode of intervention as well as partner selection. This will be summarised in one (1) main report per country not exceeding 30 pages excluding annexes (cf. section 8 below).

7. Methodology The consultant will use a combination of qualitative and quantitative rapid appraisal methods including:

the desk review of available literature and information sources including the findings of programme evaluations; the conduct of face-to-face interviews with relevant stakeholders / concerned parties; the limited use of questionnaires.

The rapid appraisal approach will allow a general overview of the key issues and company / organisational profiles on a per country basis and may give rise to more in-depth studies as and when needed in the future.

8. Reporting The country reports will not exceed 30 pages (excluding annexes) and is broken down as follows:

Main report Acknowledgements List of Acronyms Executive summary

1. Introduction

2. Country profile 2.1 Brief description of agriculture and recent developments in the sector: 2.1.1 Agriculture 2.1.2 Fisheries 2.1.3 Forestry 2.1.4 Pastorialism / Livestock (where applicable) 2.2 Brief description of the status of ICT infrastructure and recent developments in the sector

3. Status of information and communication for agriculture and rural development

3.1 Institutional, regulatory and policy framework Status of national and/or other sectoral policies on information and communication for agriculture and rural development; definition of main

strategic focus and principal characteristics; opportunities and threats posed by the political, institutional and regulatory environment

3.2 Operational aspects 3.2.1 Description of agricultural information and services (main actors in the area of information and communication for agriculture and rural development) 3.2.2 Information products and services provided 3.2.3 Information and communication management capacity

3.3 Interventions supporting information and communication for agriculture and rural development Examine the main interventions undertaken, planned or foreseen by the State, donor agencies, private sector (e.g. telecommunications sector) to respond to identified needs paying particular attention to the priorities and means mobilised. Lessons learnt should also be addressed in this section

3.4. Needs analysis (Main bottlenecks and shortcomings) 3.4.1 Information needs 3.4.2 Capacity building needs (IC policies & strategies, sensitisation, networking, skills, training, media, ICT, equipment)

4. Conclusions and recommendations 4.1 Conclusions 4.1.1 Information Needs 4.1.2 Capacity Building Needs 4.1.3 Potential Strategic Partners 4.2 Recommendations 4.2.1 Capacity Building Needs 4.2.2 Information Needs 4.2.3. Potential Strategic Partner Institutions

5. Proposed CTA Intervention Strategy and Action Plan From the above analysis, establish a link between the needs which are not currently met or for which complementary actions are needed and CTA’s supply (products and services). This should lead to an overall and coherent strategy for CTA and an action plan in priorities are identified and an implementation schedule defined.

Annexes

1. Terms of reference

2. Country profile

2.1 General agricultural profile (from available documentation) 2.1.1 Size of agricultural population (male / female / youth) 2.1.2 Farmed land, forests, fishing areas 2.1.3 Agricultural systems 2.1.4 Agriculture in the economy (percentage GDP) 2.1.5 Main agricultural produce and secondary products 2.1.6 Main export markets 2.1.7 Trade agreements that include agriculture

2.1.8 Sectoral policy related to agriculture, fisheries and forests

2.2 Socio-economic profile (from available documentation) 2.2.1 Total active population, demographic breakdown 2.2.2 Literacy level and languages 2.2.3 Access to services (health, schools, electricity) 2.2.4 Rural urban drift

2.3 Media and telecommunications (update / check) 2.3.1 Newspapers, periodicals, magazines, radio stations, television channels 2.3.2 Telecommunication services (fixed, mobile, etc.) 2.3.3 Computers and Internet access

3. Profile of institutions 3.1 List of all main institutions involved in agriculture and rural development activities, including private sector and civil society organisations, with name, contact details, type and role of institution 3.2 Select list of key institutions involved in agriculture and rural development, with extensive data and information on the institution, the problems faced and why it is considered a key actor

4. List of institutions / persons interviewed (to include full contact details)

5. Bibliography

9. Timing The draft final report is to be submitted within three months after contract signature by CTA; the final report is due two weeks after receipt of comments from CTA.

10. Expertise needed The national consultant should have a university degree or equivalent by experience. In addition, he/she should have at least 10 years experience in field of agriculture, rural development or social / economic sciences. He/she must have in- depth knowledge of the agricultural sector in his/her country and be able to identify key players and institutions / organisations active in this area. Some knowledge of information sciences would be an added advantage. The ability to communicate and write clearly in English is essential, while knowledge of at least one of the local languages for communication / interview purposes is an added advantage.

In addition to the skills above, the regional coordinator is expected to be fluent in English, have some knowledge of the 9 countries forming the object of this study, have demonstrated experience in coordinating studies with several consultants and in producing synthesis reports.

The overall coordination of the exercise will be carried out by Ms Christine Webster, Deputy Head, Planning and Corporate Services CTA.

11. Implementation schedule (CTA) Preparation/Finalisation of ToR; Identification/ short-listing of (potential) consultants; Call for offers: January – April 2007;

Selection of consultants & contractual arrangements: May/June 2007 Briefing: July 2007 Start date of contract: June/July 2007 Contract implementation period: June 2007 – March 2008 End date of contract: March 2008.

12. Key documents to be made available to consultants Documents include: Cotonou Framework Agreement Executive Summaries of previous evaluation reports including ITAD, OPM, etc. CTA’s Strategic Plan (2007-2010) Annual Reports Examples of reports of previous needs assessment studies Documents on products & services provided by CTA

13. Definition of roles and responsibilities

Regional Coordinator Respect the timeframe regarding submission of reports and deadlines Help identify/vet country consultants Attend pre-briefing and briefing meetings Review the terms of reference Finalise questionnaires1 and methodological approach after due consultation with CTA Team Finalise the briefing notes and guidelines2 for local consultants to ensure accurate and consistent application of the agreed methodology in data collection Answer queries (technical & otherwise) of local consultants During the studies, monitor and provide technical assistance/information to the local consultants Review preliminary country reports and findings and send comments back to local consultants Send edited draft final country reports to CTA for feedback Coordinate and ensure consistency of country reports Prepare the overall report taking into account the findings and recommendations of all the country reports (table of contents to be agreed).

Local Consultants Respect the timeframe regarding submission of reports and deadlines Attend briefing meeting Familiarise themselves with background documents received from CTA; including the Terms of Reference Undertake desk study and prepare country profile, list of institutions involved in agriculture as well as preliminary list of select institutions. Undertake field visits in the country specified in the contract Conduct interviews and gather information in the country specified in the contract Draft preliminary country reports and send to Regional Coordinator for initial comments

1 The documents used in previous needs assessment studies are available and will need some slight modifications. 2 See footnote above.

Based on comments received from Regional Coordinator, revise country reports and send draft final report to CTA within the specified timeframe Finalise country reports based on comments and observations received from CTA and send final report back to CTA

Role of CTA Draw up initial Terms of Reference and prepare relevant background documents Appoint the Regional Coordinator and the ACP Local Consultants Prepare and attend briefing meeting of consultants Invite the Regional Coordinator and Local Consultants for Briefing Meeting Provide input to the Regional Coordinator with regard to fine-tuning terms of reference, questionnaires, interview guide and reporting guidelines for the consultants Provide relevant background documents to the Local Consultants & Regional Coordinator Elaborate budget and discuss contractual obligations with the Team of consultants & Regional Coordinator Liaise with Regional Coordinator throughout the study Pay invoices for services rendered in a timely manner on condition that all payment conditions are fulfilled Overall responsibility for the supervision and implementation of the studies Bear the agreed costs of expenditure in respect of the study (economy class return tickets, hotel accommodation and subsistence allowances during briefing meeting, or during agreed and specified field visits) Provide feedback and comments on draft country reports to the Local Consultants Give feedback to the Regional Coordinator on the Overview Report.

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ANNEX 2. COUNTRY PROFILE- NIGERIA

2.1 General Agricultural Profile

Nigeria lies between 4o16’ and 13o53’ north latitude between 2o40’ and 14o41’ east longitude. It is located in West Africa and bordered in the west by the Republic of Benin, on the north by the Republic of Niger and on the east by the Republic of Cameroon. It is bordered to the south by about 800 kilometres of the Atlantic Ocean. Nigeria occupies a land area of 923,738 kilometres (91 million hectares) and the vegetation ranges from mangrove forest on the coast to desert in the far north (The World Fact Book, 2007).

The total cultivable area is estimated at 70 million hectares, which is 76% of the total area of the country. Arable crops are planted in 28.2 million hectares while permanent crops occupy 2.6 million hectares of the cultivable land. About two-third of the crop area is in the north, with the rest being equally distributed between the middle belt and the south (National Bureau of Statistics, 2005).

The climate is semi-arid in the North and humid in the South. Except for an ultra- humid strip along the coast with rainfall averages of over 2,000 mm/year, where it rains almost all year round, rainfall patterns are marked by distinct wet and dry seasons. The rainfall is also concentrated between June and September.

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with the population of about 140 million (NPC, 2006) accounting for about one seventh of the total Africa population. It has a population density of 138 inhabitants / km2 with an annual growth rate of about 2.2 %. Approximately 52 percent of the population live in rural areas (NPC, 2006).

Nigeria’s economy is highly dependent on oil revenues which accounts for about 90% of the total export and 70% of government revenue. The country’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2003 was estimated at US$ 50.2 billion with agriculture contributing 37.4% and about 90% of the agricultural output coming from the smallholder sector. Agriculture provides occupation for 30% of the economically active population while 38% of the agricultural workers are female. Generally, agriculture contributes about 40% of the GDP with crops accounting for 80%, livestock 13%, forestry 3% and fishing 4% (Nigeria National Report, 2006).

Crop production sector is dominated by arable crops with more than 90% of the total output produced by peasant farmers with farm holdings less than 2 hectares under cropping. The major arable crops grown in Nigeria are sorghum, millet, cowpea, maize, rice, cassava, yam, and groundnut. Other crops include plantain/banana, cocoa, rubber, oil palm, gum arabic, cashew, mango, citrus, pulse, pineapples and potatoes.

Forestry sub-sector constitutes 12% of the land area in Nigeria. This is about 10.9 million hectares of land under woodland and forest cover. High forest reserves occur mostly in Ogun, Ondo and Oyo states in the south while savannah forest reserves are mainly in the northern states. The rate of deforestation is about 2.6% per year, which is considered one of the highest in Africa. As the largest wood producer in Africa, Nigeria harvests annually more than 100 million m3, which contributes between 1.3% and 3% of the country’s GDP and serves as a major source of energy, food and medicinal plants (Federal Ministry of Agriculture, 2005).

The livestock sub sector contributes about 20% to Nigeria’s agricultural GDP. Livestock is closely linked to socio-cultural lives of the rural people, and animal ownership plays a crucial role in ensuring rural livelihoods and economic stability, particularly among rural poor.

The fisheries sub-sector has 500,000 coastal and 200,000 inland primary producers and provides employment to an estimated three million people. The fishing industry provides employment to 100,000 people in various fields of engineering, vessel operations, distribution, marketing and management. In the early 1980s, the bulk of the fish catch was taken by small businesses using large canoes (some motorized) along the coast, smaller canoes in the creeks and lagoons, and similar small boats in freshwater areas. The modern commercial fishing fleet consisted of about 300 licensed craft ranging in size from 20 tons to more than 6,000 tons; about one-third were vessels under 265 tons that engaged in inshore fishing and shrimping. Aquaculture is practiced mostly by private commercial farms. The fisheries sub- sector, has a lot of potentials though it is still under-developed (Federal Ministry of Agriculture, 2005).

Despite enormous features that distinguish Nigeria as an agrarian nation, the country is yet to be agriculturally advanced. Nigeria is listed by FAO among those nations that are, at the moment, technically unable to meet their food needs due to rain-fed production with low levels of inputs. The current administration’s strategic programmes under the new Nigerian Agricultural Policy are aimed at ameliorating this unpleasant scenario.

2.1.1. Size of agricultural population (male/female/youth)

Nigeria has a population of 140 million people (NPC, 2006) with about 30% being involved in agriculture and related activities. A majority of the population live in rural areas (Table 2). While the Federal Agricultural Coordinating Unit (FACU) in 1986 estimated that 350,000 farm families were involved in agriculture, the FAO (2006) reported that between 34.7 million and 38.2 million Nigerians participated in agricultural activities between 1979 and 2004 (see Table 1). The proportion of male and female participating in agricultural activities varies with the prevailing farming system and socio-cultural context. However, the general trend is that more males are involved in agricultural production activities such as land preparation practices than their female counterparts that are predominant in processing and marketing. Youths also participate in agricultural production. For instance, Laogun et al (2000) reported that a high proportion of youths (90%) were found on farms after school hours and during holidays in south western Nigeria. Therefore the contributions of male, female and youth farmers to agricultural production in Nigeria are not in doubt. Harnessing their comparative advantages for increased and sustained agricultural production is therefore an imperative.

The average farm family size varies from one agricultural zone to the other. While it is 8.1 in the North East Zone, it is 6.5 in the South West and 7.71 for major food producing rural areas, 5.79 for minor food producing rural areas and 6.33 for urban areas of the South East Zone respectively (NARSP, 1995).

Table 1. Total and agricultural population (including forestry and fisheries) Total population (%) Agricultural population (1000) 1979-1981 64,311 34787 1990-1992 86,038 36999 1999-2001 114750 38207 2003 124009 37977 2004 127117 37827

Source: FAO Year Book, (2005/2006)

Table 2. Nigeria’s agricultural population

Indicators Unit 1979- 1989- 1999- 2002 2003 2004

1981 1991 2001

Population 1000 64311 86038 114750 120 124009 127117

people 911

Rural / total Percent 73 65 56 54 53 52 population %

Density people/ 71 94 126 133 136 ---

km2

Agricultural 1000 14 327 14 639 15 159 15 183 15 178 15 159 labour force people

Agricultural Force % 54 43 33 32 31 30 labour percent

Force/total labour

Sources: FAOSTAT, (2005)

2.1.2 Farmed land, forest, and fishing areas Nigeria has a land area of 923,770 km2. Seventy million hectares which is less than 10% of the land area is cultivable. Arable crops are planted on 28.2 million hectares, permanent crops on 2.6 million hectares while pastures are cropped on 39.2 millions (Table 3)(FAO, 2004). Of the arable land, 99% is rain-fed while 1% is irrigated. As regards forestry, about 10.9 million hectares of land is under woodland and forest cover with high forest reserves occurring mostly in Ogun, Ondo and Oyo states in the south and savannah forest reserves mainly in the northern states. Nigeria also has

an exclusive economic zone extending 200 nautical miles from its coast (FAO, 2004). These waters include the continental shelf along more than 800 kilometres of its coastline, a large area of brackish lagoons and creeks, and freshwater rivers and inland lakes, including fish-rich Lake Chad and Kainji Reservoir, among other artificial bodies of water. It is therefore apparent that Nigeria has the potentials for increased agricultural production through appropriate exploitation of its natural resources.

Table 3. Land use in Nigeria

Land area Arable Permanent Pastures (1000 ha) land crop (1000 ha) (1000 ha) (1000 ha) 1980 91,077 27,850 2535 40000 1990 29,539 2535 40000 2000 28200 2650 39200 Source: FAO Statistical Year Book, 2004

Table 4. Estimated area harvested with major crops in Nigeria

Crops 1996/ 1997/ 1998/19 1999/20 2000/ 2001/ 2002/ 2003/ 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 Millet 4376 4,395 4,390 4,387 5,268 6,162 6,099 4,400 Guinea 5,803 5,910 5,870 5,861 5,880 6,480 7,659. Corn / na 5 Sorghum Groundn 2,486 2,542 2,546 2,525 2,536 2,514 2,782 2,769 uts

Beans 5,583 6,099 5,522 5,735 5,785 5,086 5,176 5,181 Yams 2,619 2,625 2,617 2,620 1,055 3,017 3,047 2,606 Cotton 189 206 198 198 493 611 602 200 Maize 6,611 5,656 6,044 6,104 3,015 4,490 4,466 5,865 Cassava 4,437 4,274 4,327 4,346 540 3,455 3,490 4,269 Rice 1,434 1,283 1,322 1,346 9,170 3,160 3,531 1,250 Melon 369 395 384 383 193 361 363 387 Cocoyam 526 539 537 534 126 728 735 547 Plantains 261 255 258 258 n.a 385 388 259 Source: National Bureau of Statistics 2005 Note: na = not available

Table 5. Capture fisheries and aquatic production in Nigeria (2004) (1000 tonnes)

Freshwater & diad. fish 226

Demersal marine fish 111 Pelagic marine fish 115

Marine fish 25 Crustaceans 29 Mollusc 3 Cephalopods 0 Miscellaneous. aquatic animals

Source: FAO Statistical Year Book, 2005/2006

Table 6. Production of selected forest products (2004) 1 000 m3/ 1 000 tonnes Forest products Yield Industrial roundwood 9,418 Pulpwood, round and split 39 Roundwood 70,270 Log: saw & veneer 7,100 Sawn wood 2,000 Woodfuel 60,852 Wood-based panels 19 Wood charcoal 3,421 Wood pulp 23 Source: FAO Year Book, 2005/2006

Table 7. Area of forest reserves and plantation by state

State Area of forest Area of forest % of forest reserve (HA) plantations (HA) plantation to forest reserve Abia 8,700 2,051 25 Adamawa 10,011 2,374 24 Akwa Ibom 31,857 25,800 80 Anambra 32,457 5,332 16 Bauchi 840,280 1,200 0 Bayelsa n.a n.a n.a Benue 60,175 2,234 4 Borno 582,820 432,052 74 Cross River 610,129 19,000 65 Delta 78,506 2,000 3 Ebonyi n.a n.a n.a Edo 482,047 150,000 31 Ekiti n.a n.a n.a Enugu 8,524 7,498 88 Gombe n.a n.a n.a Imo 1,525 1,160 76 Jigawa 92,000 3,000 3 Kaduna 613,484 6,146 1 Kano 77,702 2,186 3 Katsina 245,100 18,900 8 Kebbi 340,289 17,750 5 Kogi 540,360 5,000 1 Kwara 460,350 6,000 1 Lagos 12,579 2,000 16 Nassarawa n.a n.a n.a Niger 756,906 4,956 1 Ogun 273,118 35,000 13 Ondo 337,336 27,153 8 Osun 86,057 6,381 7 Oyo 336,563 8,031 2 Plateau 402,500 6,800 2 Rivers 25,000 231 1 Sokoto 602,631 10,943 2 Taraba 10,011 1,359 14 Yobe - - - Zamfara n.a n.a n.a FCT n.a n.a n.a Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2005 Note: na = not available

2.1.3 Agricultural systems Crop production: Nigeria's climate permits the cultivation of a variety of crops in a pattern that emerged in earlier centuries in response to local conditions. As in other West Africa states, rainfall is heaviest in the south, where the forests and savannas benefit from abundant precipitation and relatively short dry seasons. The staples are

root crops, including cassava, yams, taro (cocoyams), and sweet potatoes. Tree crops--cacao, oil palm, and rubber--constitute the area's main commercial produce. Cocoa grows mostly in the southwest. Oil palms predominate in the southeast and are numerous in the south-central area. Rubber stands are common in south-central and south-eastern Nigeria.

Smallholder farmers, who use simple production techniques and bush-fallow and cultivate areas of one-half to two hectares each, contribute two-thirds of farm production. In most areas, some non-cash crops such as sorghum, yams, cassava, cowpeas, millet, corn, cocoyams, sweet potatoes and rice, are grown.

The northern third of Nigeria, which experiences a dry season of five to seven months, during which less than twenty-five millimetres of rain falls, lies mostly in the Sudan savannah and the arid Sahel zone. There, the staples are millet, cowpeas, and a drought-resistant variety of sorghum known as guinea corn. Maize is also cultivated, as well as rice in suitable lowland areas. The north's principal commercial crops are cotton and groundnuts (The Library of Congress Country Studies, 2007).

Between the arid north and the moist south lies a Guinea savannah region sometimes referred to as the middle belt. This area produces staples such as yams, sorghum, millet, cassava, cowpeas, and maize, with rice an important crop in some places. The middle belt's southern edge represents the lower limits of the northern grain-dominated economy. The most significant commercial crop of the middle belt is sesame (or benniseed).

Most Nigerians eat grains, but the production and consumption of sorghum (guinea corn) and millet are heavily concentrated in the savannah north. In 1980, the two grains accounted for 80 percent of Nigeria's total grain production. Maize production in the savannah middle belt benefits from heavier rainfall, which frequently permits two crops a year.

Cocoa and groundnuts were Nigeria's two major exports until petroleum surpassed both in 1965 (The Library of Congress Country Studies, 2007) . Cocoa, cotton, groundnuts, oil palm products, and rubber were the principal export crops in the 1960s and early 1970s, but with export reorientation, only cocoa remained of any importance after 1975. Although Nigeria was the world's largest exporter of groundnuts in the early 1970s, groundnuts fell from the export list by the end of the 1970s as a result of the severe Sahel drought of 1972-74 and a viral disease in 1975. With assistance from the World Bank, the government restored cocoa production in the late 1970s and 1980s through replanting programs and producer price supports. The resulting increase in cocoa output (to 200,000 tons in 1988) kept Nigeria in third place among world cocoa producers, after Ivory Coast and Ghana (The Library of Congress Country Studies, 2007).

The agricultural sector contributed about 38% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 1993. Arable/food crops accounted for about 80% of the annual agricultural GDP (AGDP) between 1988 and 1993 (Shaib et al, 1997). However, recent data put the contribution of arable crops at 33.05%, permanent crops 3.14% and others 63.84%. (The World Fact Book, 2005). Also 90% of the rural population are involved in activities related to the crop sub-sector which provides the bulk of agricultural income. Similarly, it supports the processing industry by providing raw materials.

Livestock production: The livestock industry is second to crops in terms of its contribution to the agricultural sector. For instance, in 2003 it contributed 20% of

Nigeria’s agricultural GDP (FAO, 2006). Apart from such contributions, livestock is the source of high quality protein, provided usually in the form of meat, milk and eggs. In addition, animal skins are consumed in Nigeria. Cattle are used for traction and transportation along with other large animals such as donkeys, camels and horses. The livestock industry is an important employer of labour and a source of capital for the farm household

The UN Federal Department of Livestock estimated that in 2004 there were 15 million cattle, 45 million sheep, 85 million goats, 6.3 million pigs, and 137 million poultry in Nigeria. Estimates for other livestock are, 1 million donkeys, 208,000 horses and 88,000 camels (Shaib, et al, 1997).

Cattle: Cattle are found throughout Nigeria, but they are most common in the northern two-thirds of the country. Almost half the total cattle population is permanently resident within the sub-humid zone were they are tended by the Fulani pastoralists. Traditionally, the Fulani pastoralists move their herds during the dry season to pasture in the moister Guinea savannah, returning northward when the rains began and danger from the tsetse fly increased. The expansion of cultivated areas and irrigation has seriously obstructed this migration by cutting off access to usual grazing routes. Humped zebu cattle are by far the most common, but limited numbers of Keteku, Muturu and Kuri cattle occur in the south-western, southern and north-eastern parts of the country, respectively (Federal Department of Livestock, 2005).

Poultry: Poultry outnumbers all other forms of livestock in Nigeria, and, not surprisingly, is found throughout the country, wherever there is human settlement. Although pigeons, ducks, guinea fowl and some turkeys are also widely kept, chickens are by far the most common. Typically they are maintained under traditional, low-input, free-range systems of management but substantial numbers are also reared intensively on a commercial basis, particularly in the southern states (Federal Department of Livestock , 2005).

Small ruminants: Small ruminants are almost as ubiquitous as poultry, though not so numerous. Goats generally outnumber sheep in Nigeria. Although some seasonal movement of pastoral sheep does take place, the great majority of small ruminants are sedentary village livestock and their patterns of distribution mirror those of human settlement

Goats: There are three main varieties of goats in Nigeria: the West African Dwarf, the Sokoto Red and the Sahel. Goats are renowned for their hardiness and can survive in most environments: West African Dwarf goats are kept in the forest zones and in the Middle Belt; Sokoto Reds are kept throughout the north; and Sahel goats are restricted to a strip along the frontier with the Niger. Although pastoral Sahel goats are found in the northern semi-arid zone, most goats are kept in villages. The most common production system is that of seasonal confinement. Northern goats are markedly more productive than West African Dwarf goats, with lower ages at first kidding and shorter kidding intervals, although they produce fewer kids per kidding.

Sheep: There are four main types of sheep native to Nigeria: the Balami, Uda, Yankasa and West African Dwarf. Balami and Uda are kept in the semi-arid regions, West African Dwarf sheep in the south and Yankasa throughout the country. Sheep are the second most numerous pastoral species, and small flocks accompany many cattle herds in the north and in the Middle Belt.

The pastoral animals are generally more productive than the village stocks. The productivity of West African Dwarf sheep is substantially lower than that of other breeds. All Nigerian sheep are used for wool, but they are rarely milked. In the north, they are eaten regularly and form part of the daily protein supply, but there is also a marked variation in demand coinciding with religious festivals. As a result, there are dramatic seasonal price fluctuations, and in some areas the household fattening of sheep for sale is a major economic activity (Federal Department of Livestock, 2005).

Pigs: The traditional Nigerian black hairy pig is gradually being replaced by various exotic breeds, including the Large White, Landrace, Hampshire and Duroc. Pigs are generally kept under systems of seasonal confinement in the north and Middle Belt, but they are usually confined all year-round in the south, except in the Niger Delta region. Pigs are given supplementary feeds, and in village systems the lees of beer are often combined with household scraps for food. Intensive pig rearing is economically viable on the periphery of large cities because of the availability of industrial by-products, particularly brewers' grain. Units of between 50 and 200 pigs kept in concrete pens are common, especially in the densely populated regions of the south. Commercially managed piggeries with more than five breeding sows account for a small proportion of the total population of pigs in Nigeria (Bourn et al, 1994)

Fish production: Nigeria is the largest consumer of fish and fish products in Africa. Fish is widely accepted in Nigeria and it provides valuable protein, minerals, vitamins and other vital nutrients for essential human and livestock development. Fish and fish products account for over 40% of the total animal protein intake in Nigeria. The fisheries industry also provides employment for approximately 5 million Nigerians. In 1993, the fishery sub-sector contributed 2.9% of the nation’s agricultural GDP (Shaib et al, 1997).

In the mid-1960s, estimates indicated that Nigerian fisheries brought in 120,000 tons of fish per year and imported 180,000 tons, mostly air-dried fish. Domestic production through the 1970s ranged from 600,000 to 700,000 tons annually. Recent data from the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2005) have shown that artisanal fishery (domestic) production has increased to 239 million tonnes in 2001 to 251 million tonnes in 2002 but declined to 227 million tonnes in 2004 for brackish waters (Table 9). Similar patterns are established for aquaculture and industrial production. Generally, imports have, after an initial increase, in 2002 gradually declined or remained as same level in 2004. The major fish species landed from the pelagic and semi-pelagic components of the coastal artisanal fishery are bonga (Ethmalosa fimbriata) and sardine (Sardinella species). Other species of economic importance include croakers (Pseudolithus and Sciae species) which are major dermasal species (Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2005).

Forestry: Nigeria's forests can be divided into two principal categories: woodlands and forests of the savannah regions (four fifths of the country's forest area) that are sources of fuel and poles, and rainforests of the southern humid zone that supply almost all domestic timber and lumber, with fuelwood as a by-product. Nigeria's forests have gradually shrunk over the centuries, especially in the north, where uncontrolled commercial exploitation of privately owned forests began in the late nineteenth century. Toward the end of the 1800s, the colonial government began establishing forest reserves. By 1900 more than 970 square kilometres had been set aside. By 1930 this reserve had grown to almost 30,000 square kilometres, and by 1970 to 93,420 square kilometres, mostly in the savannah regions (The Library of Congress Country Studies, 2007).

Through the 1950s, forest regeneration was largely by natural reseeding, although the government established some small plantations near larger towns for fuelwood and poles. In the early 1960s, the government began emphasizing the development of forest plantations, especially ones planted with fast-growing, exotic species, such as teak and gmelina (an Australian hardwood). By 1976 about 115,000 hectares had been planted. During the late 1970s and 1980s, state plantations became an important source of timber, paper pulp, poles, and fuelwood. Despite these developments, forestry's share of Nigeria's expanding GDP declined from 6 percent in the late 1950s to 2 percent in the late 1970s and 1980s. Earnings from the export of timber and wood products--6 percent of export income in 1960-- declined to 1 percent of export income in 1970 and virtually nothing in the late 1970s and 1980s, as domestic needs increased rapidly. The oil boom of the 1970s slowed exports further, as more and more wood was diverted to the domestic construction industry.

In the 1980s, Nigeria's demand for commercial wood products (excluding paper pulp and paper) threatened to exhaust reserves before the year 2000. To reverse this process, especially in the northern savannah, the government needed to double the rate of annual plantings it set in the 1980s. Governmental interventions have been outlined in the National Forest Action Programme (NFAP) and other national development programmes.

Table 8. Estimated population of domestic livestock in Nigeria

Livestock Poultry Chicken Others Cattle Goats Sheep Pigs 1996 Na Na Na Na 4,292,680 1997 Na 15,073,039 73,669,423 38,858,200 4,464,387 1998 na 15,088,112 75,511,158 39,829,655 4,642,962 1999 Na 15,103,200 77,398,937 40,825,396 4,828,681 2000 113,192,123 15,188,304 79,333,911 41,846,031 5,021,828 2001 124,618,191 15,133,422 81,317,259 42,892,182 5,874,829 2002 131,125,008 15,148,555 83,350,190 43,964,487 6,111,824 2003 137,681,258 15,163,704 85,433,945 45,063,599 6,356,297

Source: Federal Livestock Department, 2004 Note: na = not available

Table 9. Fish supply by sector in Nigeria (1000 tonnes)

Sector 2001 2002 2003 2004 Artisanal Brackish 239,311 253,063 241,823 227,523 Inland river & lake 194,226 197,902 204,380 207,307 Fish 24,398 30,664 30,677 43,950 farm(Aquaculture) Industrial Commercial Trawlers Fish 15,792 16,064 17,542 16,063 Shrimps 12,380 12,797 11,416 12,469 Eel 206 1,230 4,924 1,889 Distant (Imports) 648,197 681,152 663,180 648,033 Total 1,134,510 1,192,872 1,173,942 1,157,234 Source: Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD), 2005

2.1.4 Agriculture in the economy Nigeria’s economy is highly dependent on oil revenues and accounts for about 90% of the total export and 70% of government revenue. The country’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2003 was estimated at US$ 50.2 billion with agriculture contributing 37.4% and about 90% of the agricultural output coming from the smallholder sector. Agriculture provides occupation for 30% of the economically active population while 38% of the agricultural workers are female. Generally, agriculture contributes about 40% of the GDP with crops accounting for 80%, livestock 13%, forestry 3% and fishing 4%.

While the above is an overview of the situation, the trend follows the dictate that as economic development occurs, the relative size of the agricultural sector usually decreases. Therefore, the contribution of agriculture to Nigeria’s GDP has shrunk from 65.7 percent in FY 1959 to 30.9 percent by 1976. The overall economic decline reversed this trend, and by 1988, 39.1 percent of GDP was derived from agricultural activity.

The contribution of the agricultural sector increased 3.8 percent yearly between 1983 and 1988, and the percentage of export value in agriculture grew from 3 percent in 1983 to 9 percent in 1988, although much of this growth resulted from the fall in oil export receipts. Food production also increased rapidly during the 1980s, especially after exchange-rate reform restricted food imports in 1986 (Country Studies, 2007). In 1993, agriculture accounted for 38% of the GDP (CBN, 1994) declining to 29.66% in 2001 and then increasing to 31.46% in 2004 (NBS, 2004) (see Table 10). It appears therefore that as economic development progresses the relative contributions of the agricultural sector to the Nigerian economy will be reduced.

Table 10. Percentage distribution of sectoral (Agriculture) contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) In real terms 2001-2004

Sector 2001 2002 2003 2004 Agriculture 29.66 29.85 28.85 31.46 Oil and gas 32.65 29.75 33.44 32.56 Distributive 12.85 13.22 12.68 13.12 trade Manufacturing 4.33 4.62 4.41 4.59 Others+ 20.51 22.56 20.49 18.27 Total 100 100 100 100 Source: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in Poverty Profile, 2004

Table 11. Current basic prices of agricultural sub-sector’s contribution to GDP

Activity Sector N'm 2000 N'm 2001 N'm 2002 N'm 2003 N'm 2004 1000069.45 1337766.6 1576433.89 1787315.72155133.5 Crop production Livestock 116393.38 154495.45 183202.17 202263.06243887.47 Forestry 22436.91 27462.61 33186.13 40421.11 51658.25 Fishery 54010.26 75170.9 90431.17 106466.1 128285.42 Others 3344727.21 3605274.3 3519753.4 4811355 5685997.8 GDP Constant basic prices 4537637.21 4685911.9 5403006.73 6947821 8264962.4 Source: Adapted from Nigeria Export Promotion Council, 2006

2.1.5 Main agricultural produce and secondary products

Nigeria produces a wide range of agricultural commodities, which could serve as raw materials for industrial production in Europe, Asia and Latin America. Top on the list of agricultural commodities in Nigeria are cocoa, cotton, Accha, soya beans, sorghum, maize, cassava, gum arabic, ginger, sesame seeds, shea-nuts, cashew nuts and cowpea.

While the tree crops such as cocoa and cashew are produced in the southern part of the country, cereals such as soya beans, sorghum, maize, sesame seeds and cowpea are produced in the savannah belt in Nigeria. Also produced in the savannah belt are ginger, gum arabic and shea-nuts.

With the Nigerian government's current efforts at increasing output in the agricultural sector, more volumes of agricultural produce are available for external trade.

Below is a synopsis of the production areas and uses of the major agricultural products of Nigeria.

Soya bean

Soya bean (Glycine max) is a legume which is produced in the middle belt of the country of which Benue State is the largest producer in Nigeria. It produces about 48% of the total national output of 352,000 metric tonnes per annum.

Soybean is an important source of high quality and inexpensive protein and oil. With an average protein content of 40% and oil content of 20%, soybean has the highest

protein content of all food crops and is second only to groundnuts in terms of oil content amongst food legumes.

The oil produced from soybean is highly digestible and contains no cholesterol. Soya beans is the largest single source of edible oil and accounts for roughly 50% of the total seed oil production worldwide. Nigeria has only one variety of soybeans which is yellow in colour.

Soya beans is used for production of milk, edible oil and animal feeds. It is also useful in the treatment of malnourished children particularly in the sub-Saharan, Asian and Latin American countries.

Cocoa

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is the second major non-oil foreign exchange earner in Nigeria after leather. It is produced in 16 states of the federation namely, Ondo, Cross River, Oyo, Osun, Ekiti, Ogun, Edo, Kogi and Akwa Ibom. Others are Delta, Abia, Kwara, Ebonyi, Rivers, Taraba and Adamawa. Its annual production is 400,000 metric tones. However 98% of this is exported. It provides means of livelihood, sustenance and employment opportunities to over 5 million Nigerians.

Cotton

Cotton (Gossypium sp) is a major agricultural and industrial crop in Nigeria, providing employment and means of livelihood to about 2 million Nigerian families. A total of 24 states of the federation produce cotton. The states are Katsina, Zamfara, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Sokoto, Kebbi, Niger, Plateau, Jigawa, Yobe and Bauchi. Others are Borno, Adamawa, Kwara, Taraba, Nasarawa, Kogi, Benue, Ekiti, Oyo, Ondo, Osun and Ogun. The average annual production is about 250,000 metric tonnes against a total world production of 20.5 million metric tones.

Cassava

Cassava (Manihot esculentus (Euphorbiacea)) is grown in all the states of the federation with the current production level being about 45 million metric tonnes per annum; a figure expected to double by 2020. Nigeria is the leading cassava producer in the world, producing a third more than Brazil and almost double the production capacity of Thailand and Indonesia. Although it is the world leader in cassava production, 90% of the annual production in Nigeria is targeted for the domestic food market.

Gum Arabic

Gum Arabic (Acacia senegal) is grown in the Sahelian zone of the country, covering 14 states of the federation namely Borno, Yobe, Jigawa, Bauchi, Gombe, Taraba, Plateau, Adamawa, Sokoto, Kebbi, Katsina, Zamfara, Nasarawa and Niger with an estimated population of 4 million Nigerians engaged in its cultivation and trade. Gum arabic is a natural gum that exudes from the exterior of acacia trees in the form of dry, hard nodules. There are over 1,100 acacia species worldwide. However Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal are the most commercially exploited species. Nigeria has three grades of Gum Arabic, Acacia Senegal (grade 1) Acacia seyal (Grade 2) and Combretum (Grade 3).

The major acacia species utilized for commercial gum arabic production in Nigeria are Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal.

Ginger

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is produced in six states of the Federation namely, Kaduna, Nasarawa, Benue, Niger and Gombe with Kaduna as the major producer. Nigeria's production in 2005 was estimated at 110,000 metric tonnes (FAO, 2006). Out of this, 10% is locally consumed as fresh ginger while 90% is dried primarily for the export markets.

The commodity is highly valued in international markets for its aroma, pungency and high oil and Aleo resin content. Nigeria is the third largest exporter of ginger in the world after China and India.

Sesame seed

Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) belong to the plant family Pedaliaceae. It is an important oilseed crop believed to have originated from tropical Africa. Twenty five percent of world’s sesame seed hecterage is planted in Africa and Nigeria is one of the major producers of sesame seed in Africa. It is found predominantly in Benue and Jigawa States in Northern Nigeria. It is one of the oldest food and cash crops in Nigeria. It is also produced in 21 states of the Federation. The commodity ranks second to cocoa in terms of volume of export and foreign exchange earnings. Global production in 2005 was put at 2.4 million metric tonnes with China and India as leading producers. Nigeria is the 5th largest producer of the commodity in the world with an estimated production of 120,000 metric tonnes annually.

Sheanut

The shea tree (Butyrospermum parkii) is a precious natural resource which grows in the wild across the Sudan-Sahelian region of Africa. The major producing countries are: Nigeria, Togo, Benin, Ghana, Uganda, Mali, Burkina Faso and Central African Republic. Nigeria is currently the leading producer of sheanut in the world and in 2004 Nigeria's production of the commodity was 414,000 metric tonnes with export value of US$61.04 million (FAO, 2006).

Apart from its role as an important raw material, shea butter is used in the manufacture of chocolate and other confectioneries. It is also used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Major destinations for Nigeria's sheanut are the EU and Japan while for the shea butter the destinations are Asia, Europe and the Americas.

Cashew

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is produced in 28 states of the Federation and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

Other produce

Other produce are maize (Zea mays), accha (Digitaria exilis), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench). These crops are grown in the

savannah regions of Nigeria. Each crop has two varieties, white and yellow, although Accha varieties are white and brown.

Accha (Digitaria exilis)

Accha is grown in the Central and North Eastern parts of Nigeria. It is consumed mainly as a cereal. The grain tastes similar to rice. It may be consumed directly, cooked in porridges and four creams similar to grits and wheat cream.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Cowpea is a grain legume largely grown in the northern part of Nigeria which has a savannah type of vegetation with light rainfall. Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cowpea, as it produces over 2.7 million metric tonnes of cowpeas with an average yield per hectare of 417 kg. It produces the white and brown varieties.

Maize (Zea mays)

Maize is grown in all parts of the country as it is a versatile crop that grows across a range of agro-ecological zones, though it is grown slightly more in the Northern part of the country. Two types of maize are grown in Nigeria, Yellow and White. Maize apart from being eaten as it is on the cob, it is also used as food in form of porridges, corn fakes and popped grains. However, more than 60% of Nigeria's production of maize is consumed by the industrial sector for production of flour, beer, malt drink, corn flakes, starch, syrup, dextrose and animal feeds.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench)

Sorghum is a grass of East African origin, which is grown in the north of Nigeria. Sorghum is the 4th important cereal after wheat, rice and maize and is used as a maize substitute for livestock feeds because of their similar nutritional values. It is also used for distilled beverages, condiments, ethanol and alcoholic beverages.

Table 12. Nigeria’s world ranking according to commodities

Commodity Ranking Commodity Ranking Cassava 1 Sweet Potato 3 Citrus Fruit 1 Cashew nuts 4 Cowpea dry 1 Cocoa beans 4 Shea nut 1 Ginger 4 Mellon Seed 1 Fresh Fruit 5 Cocoyam 1 Plantain 5 Yam 1 Fresh Vegetable 5 Green corn (Maize) 2 Onion shallow grain 6 Millet 2 Pineapple 6 Okra 2 Sesame 6 Sorghum 2 Chilies & Pepper Green 7 Game meat 3 Natural Rubber 7 Groundnut in shell 3 Mango 9 Indigenous goat meat 3 Spices 9 Papaya 3 Source: FAOSTAT, 2005

2.1.6 Main export markets

In the 1960s agriculture accounted for about 65-70 percent of total exports and declined to about 40 percent in 1970 prior to the oil boom. By 1996 agricultural export accounted for less than 2 percent of exports. Agricultural exports not only shrank from the traditional baskets of 12 to 15 commodities in the 1960s, when Nigeria was known to be among the leading producers of cocoa, palm produce, rubber, cotton and groundnut, it actually became a net importer of these commodities.

In the earlier period mentioned above, the major agricultural commodities were cocoa, groundnuts, palm oil and palm kernels. These commodities earned more than the cost of merchandised imports. At this time, the demand for imports was low due to a number of factors: Nigeria’s low income, lack of industrialisation, limited use of foreign inputs in agricultural production and adherence to restrictions (www.geographic.org). Also, Nigeria remained a producer of primary products such as food, raw materials, minerals, and organic oils and fats but an importer of secondary products (chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment and other manufactured items used in the development of the country. Indeed, primary commodities comprised 98 percent of exports and 21 percent of imports in 1955, 92 percent of exports and 19 percent of imports in 1975, and 98 percent of exports and 24 percent of imports in 1985.

Minerals (largely petroleum) accounted for an increasing proportion of exports through the 1970s, increasing from 13 percent in 1955 to 35 percent in 1965, to 93 percent in 1975, and then to 96 percent in 1985. The dependence on oil and a few other export commodities made Nigeria particularly vulnerable to world price fluctuations. Nigeria's overall commodity terms of trade (price of exports divided by price of imports) fell substantially, from a base of 100 (1980) to 83.8 (1984) and 35.5 (1986), before rising to 42.6 (1987) and then falling to 34.6 (1988). Meanwhile, export purchasing power (quantity of exports multiplied by the commodity terms of trade) declined from 100 (1980) to 48.3 (1984), 23.0 (1986), 23.1 (1987), and 20.4 (1988), a 79.6 percent reduction in the purchasing power of exports in eight years (www.geographic.org).

Nigeria traded worldwide with about 100 countries, but the composition of trade by country had changed since the colonial period. During the colonial era, Britain was Nigeria's dominant trading partner. As late as 1955, 70 percent of Nigeria's exports were to Britain and 47 percent of its imports were from Britain. However, by 1976 Britain's share of Nigerian exports and imports dropped to 38 percent and 32 percent respectively. In the 1970s, Britain was replaced by the United States as Nigeria's chief trading partner. In 1988 the United States was Nigeria's best customer, buying more than 36 percent of its exports (primarily petroleum products); Britain was Nigeria's leading vendor, selling to the nation more than 14 percent of its imports.

In 1990 Nigeria had associate status, including some export preferences, with the European Economic Community (EEC). As a result, it had a number of major EEC trading partners, including Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands. Nigeria also had an active trade relationship with some members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, notably the United States, Canada, and Japan. Trade with African countries, mainly neighbouring countries within the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS--created in 1975), comprised only 3 to 4 percent of total trade. In the 1980s, trade with Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union constituted less than 1 percent of Nigeria's total.

In recent times, for instance, in 2005, Nigeria imported about US$26 billion of goods. Conversely, in 2004 the leading sources of imports were China (9.4 percent), the United States (8.4 percent), the United Kingdom (7.8 percent), the Netherlands (5.9 percent), France (5.4 percent), Germany (4.8 percent), and Italy (4 percent). Principal imports were manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, and food and live animals.

In 2005 Nigeria exported about US$52 billion of goods while the major destinations for exports in 2004 were the United States (47.4 percent), Brazil (10.7 percent), and Spain (7.1 percent). In the same year, 2004, oil accounted for 95 percent of merchandise exports, and cocoa and rubber accounted for almost 60 percent of the balance. In 2005 Nigeria made a US$26 billion trade surplus, corresponding to almost 20 percent of gross domestic product. In 2005 Nigeria achieved a positive current account balance of US$9.6 billion (www.wikipedia.org, 2007)

Table 13 shows the earnings of some major Nigerian exports from 1996 to 2000. The table clearly shows that crude petroleum oil was a major export earner. However, in the following sections, spot light is placed on the contributions of specific export crops in more recent times.

Table 13. Nigerian exports of major commodities (N’000)

Products 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Cocoa 77,156,772 363,912 1,114,608 1,000,258 204,253 Beans Cocoa 613, 220,746 200, 015 140,465 6,311 Butter Other - 246,327 38,108 2,885 5,950 Cocoa Products Coffee, 48,132 n.a 19,273 n.a n.a Green Roasted Palm Kernel 1,277,842 62,584 16,774 3,285 1,808,628 Palm Oil 13,362 73,152 - 1,136 2,273 Palm Kernel 7,462 24,480 25,707 67,175 28,907 Oil Natural 10,487,011 259,237 - 16,903 15,247 Rubber Latex, Gum Crustacea & 1,274,175 115,269 113,571 949,768 97,636 Molluses Fresh/Froze n Crude 764,238,60 744,230,44 468,402,64 1,543,319,04 2,735,049,62 Petroleum 7 3 5 1 6 Oil Automotive 7,229,011 11,514,273 9,087 32,247 5,780 Gas Oil Tin Ore & 15,826 61,582 n.a n.a n.a Concentrate s Hide & Skin 531,246 236,182 77,748 554,956 173,543 Total Major 793,697,69 757,199,96 469,979,42 1,547,078,11 2,737,398,15

Exports 3 8 8 9 4 Total 801,653,16 784,506,31 483,193,57 1,559,299,52 2,745,102,19 Domestic 2 4 9 0 9 Exports Source: National Bureau of Statistics- Foreign Trade Statistics, 2006 Note: n.a = Not available

In 2005 alone, export revenue from the sale of cocoa amounted to US$136.7 million. Nigeria along with Cote d'lvoire and Ghana all in West Africa, account for about 70% of the world's cocoa production. Major market destinations for Nigeria's cocoa are: Netherlands, U.K., France, Germany, Spain, Italy, USA and Japan. Other markets being explored are the emerging economic powers of China and India. Stakeholders in the cocoa sub-sector in Nigeria are: Stanmark Nigeria Ltd, Olam Nigeria Ltd, Export Logistics Ltd, Nivik Investments Ltd and Multitrex Investments limited.

Major market destinations for Nigeria's cotton are the European Union (EU), China, South Korea and Taiwan. Major stakeholders in the cotton sector in Nigeria are: Olam Nigeria Ltd, Nigeria Seed Cotton Ltd, West African Cotton Processing Company, National Seed Service and AFCOT Nigeria Ltd.

Cotton has occupied a strategic position in the economic activities of Nigeria, providing both food and fibre for the rapidly expanding vegetable oil and textile industries in the country. Thus unlike cocoa, cotton has a strong backward linkage with domestic industries, which consume up to 50% of the total annual production.

Nigeria earns about US$12 billion per annum from cassava and its by-products. Cassava has the potential to industrialize Nigeria more than any other product if its potentials are properly harnessed.

Nigeria is the 2nd largest producer of Gum Arabic in the world after Sudan with an average production of 20,000 metric tonnes of all grades of Gum Arabic. In 2004, world production of Gum Arabic was put at 70,000 metric tonnes while Nigeria's production amounted to 18,935 metric tonnes with export earning of US$88.08 million, Due to the ability of the Gum Arabic tree to withstand adverse environmental conditions, it has become a potent weapon in the continued fight against desertification and environmental degradation in the Sahelian belt of the country.

Gum Arabic is used as thickener, suspender, emulsifier, stabilizer, flavour carrier, binder and encapsulating material. In addition, it is used in confectionaries, food, beverages, pharmaceuticals and chemical industries. Major markets for the product are Belgium, China, USA, U.K and Japan.

Ginger is an important Nigerian export crop. The major market destinations are the UK, USA, Japan, Canada, Belgium, Germany and the Middle East. The major stakeholders are Belphins Nigeria Limited, Goldchains International and Olam Nigeria Limited. Global export for ginger amounted to 900,000 metric tonnes while Nigeria exports about 80,000 metric tonnes annually valued at US$68.0 million.

Major market destinations for Nigeria's sesame seed are: Japan, EU, Korea, China, Turkey and the Middle East. Nigeria exports about 80,000 tonnes annually valued at US $68.0 million. Sesame seed is used for oil, roasted seed, soup, spice, seed, and confectionary, industrial raw material for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and soap among others.

In 2004, Nigeria's production of cashew amounted to 60,660 tonnes out of which, 30,510 tonnes were exported at a value of US$22.27 million. With the present emphasis of the Nigerian Administration on the development of non-oil export programmes, cashew industry is experiencing a major turn around. Major stakeholders in the cashew industry in Nigeria are Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRlN) Cashew Association of Nigeria (CAN), Olam Nigeria Ltd. Safari Trade Ltd, Abdulson Nigeria Ltd, Fagro Venture Nigeria Ltd, Asia Commodities Nigeria Ltd, Century Export Ltd, LMB O'sea Nigeria Ltd and Seacon Nigeria Ltd. The main export destination for Nigeria's cashew is India. Others are Vietnam, South Africa, U.K. and USA.

2.1.7 Trade agreements that include agriculture

Table 14 indicates that there are six major multilateral trade agreements that Nigeria has signed that have a significant agricultural component. These agreements cover the European Union, African Union, West African States, Africa, Caribbean and Pacific States and indeed, the United Nations.

Table 14. Agricultural trade agreements

S/N Agreements Parties Year 1. AGOA (African Growth European Union April 2004 Opportunity Act) 2. Comprehensive Africa African Union 2002 Agriculture Development Programme (CAAPD) 3. Lome Convention (Contonou Africa, Caribbean April, 2003 Agreement) and Pacific States 4. Economic Community of West West African May, 1975 African States (ECOWAS) States 5. World Trade Organisation United Nations January 1, 1995 (WTO) 6. Generalised System of 25 Nations 1971 Preferences (GSP)

2.2 Socio-economic Profile

2.2.1 Demographics

Nigeria’s current population is reported as 140 million (NPC, 2006). However, while this figure has been provided in the Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette of 2007, its proportional disaggregation based on gender, state and age was not provided. Subsequently, for a broader perspective on distribution of the population the 1991 census figures and their projections which are more readily available are used in this section.

Table 15 shows that in 1991 the population was 88.9 million with a projected population of 146 million in 2005. Tables 16 and 17 indicate that males and females constitute about equal proportion of the population. The males make up 51% of the population while the females constitute the remaining 49%. Youths between the age bracket of 0-19 years comprise more than half of the total population with adults between 20 – 59 years and the elderly (60 years and above) constituting about 40% and 6% respectively (NBS, 2005).

Table 15. Projected population of Nigeria by states State Base Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 (1991 population) Abia 2,338,487 3,123,555 3,216,637 3,312,493 3,411,205 3,512,859 Adamawa 2,102,053 2,807,747 2,891,418 2,977,582 3,066,314 3,157,690 Akwa Ibom 2,409,613 3,218,560 3,314,473 3,413,244 3,514,959 3,619,704 Anambra 2,796,475 3,725,146 3,836,155 3,950,473 4,068,197 4,189,429 Bauchi 4,351,007 5,795,915 5,968,634 6,146,499 6,329,665 6,518,289 Bayelsa - 1,495,712 1,540,285 1,586,185 1,633,453 1,682,130 Benue 2,753,077 3,667,335 3,776,622 3,889,165 4,005,062 4,124,413 Borno 2,536,003 3,378,174 3,478,844 3,582,514 3,689,272 3,799,213 Cross River 1,911,297 2,546,012 2,621,883 2,700,015 2,780,476 2,863,334 Delta 2,590,491 3,450,757 3,553,590 3,659,487 3,768,539 3,880,842 Ebonyi - 1,938,285 1,996,046 2,055,529 2,116,783 2,179,863 Edo 2,172,005 2,893,297 2,979,518 3,068,307 3,159,743 3,253,903 Ekiti - 2,047,712 2,108,734 2,171,574 2,236,287 2,302,928 Enugu 3,154,380 4,201,906 4,327,123 4,456,071 4,588,862 4,725,610 Gombe - 1,985,538 2,044,707 2,105,639 2,168,387 2,233,005 Imo 2,485,635 3,311,080 3,409,750 3,511,361 3,615,999 3,723,756 Jigawa 2,875,525 3,830,447 3,944,595 4,062,144 4,183,196 4,307,855 Kaduna 3,935,618 5,242,582 5,398,811 5,559,696 5,725,375 5,895,991 Kano 5,810,470 7,740,047 7,970,700 8,208,227 8,452,832 8,704,727 Katsina 3,753,133 4,999,497 5,148,482 5,301,907 5,459,903 5,622,609 Kebbi 2,068,490 2,755,407 2,837,518 2,922,076 3,009,154 3,098,826 Kogi 2,147,756 2,860,996 2,946,253 3,034,052 3,124,466 3,217,575 Kwara 1,548,412 2,062,618 2,124,084 2,187,381 2,252,565 2,319,692 Lagos 5,725,116 7,626,348 7,853,613 8,087,650 8,328,662 8,576,857 Nassarawa - 1,610,517 1,658,510 1,707,934 1,758,830 1,811,243 Niger 2,421,581 3,225,755 3,321,882 3,420,874 3,522,817 3,627,796 Ogun 2,333,726 3,108,724 3,201,364 3,296,764 3,395,008 3,496,179 Ondo 3,785,338 5,042,396 5,192,660 5,347,401 5,506,754 5,670,855 Osun 2,158,143 2,874,833 2,960,503 3,048,726 3,139,578 3,233,137 Oyo 3,452,720 4,599,320 4,736,380 4,877,524 5,022,874 5,172,556 Plateau 3,312,412 4,412,419 4,543,909 4,679,317 4,818,761 4,962,360

Rivers 4,309,557 5,740,701 5,911,774 6,087,945 6,269,366 6,456,193 Sokoto 4,470,176 5,954,660 6,132,109 6,314,845 6,503,028 6,696,818 Taraba 1,512,163 2,014,331 2,074,358 2,136,174 2,199,832 2,265,387 Yobe 1,399,687 1,864,503 1,920,065 1,977,283 2,036,206 2,096,885 Zamfara - 2,764,185 2,846,558 2,931,385 3,018,740 3,108,699 FCT 371,674 495,102 509,856 525,049 540,696 556,809 TOTAL 88,992,220 130,412,118 134,298,399 138,300,491 142,421,846 146,666,017 Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2006

Table 16. 1991 Population distribution in Nigeria by age and sex

Age group Males In % Females In % Both sexes In % 0 – 4 7, 344, 454 16.5 6, 999, 435 15.7 14, 343, 889 16.1 5 – 9 7, 374 ,314 16.6 7, 126, 144 16.0 14, 500, 458 16.3 10 – 14 5, 812, 538 13.1 5, 336, 143 12.0 11,148, 681 12.5 15 – 19 4, 528, 811 10.2 4, 806, 977 10.8 9, 335, 788 10.5 20 – 24 3, 314, 303 7.4 4, 357, 267 9.8 7, 671, 570 8.6 25 – 29 3, 304, 739 7.4 4, 006, 932 9.0 7, 311, 671 8.2 30 – 34 2, 808, 629 6.3 3, 105, 298 7.0 5, 913, 927 6.6 35 – 39 2, 206, 871 5.0 2, 008, 062 4.5 4, 214, 933 4.7 40 – 44 1, 971, 197 4.4 1, 874, 721 4.2 3, 845, 918 4.3 45 – 49 1, 355, 101 3.0 1, 061, 602 2.4 2, 416, 703 2.7 50 – 54 1, 388, 650 3.1 1, 182, 149 2.7 2, 570, 799 2.9 55 – 59 638, 375 1.4 481, 394 1.1 1, 119, 769 1.3 60 – 64 898, 801 2.0 791, 573 1.8 1, 690, 374 1.9 65 – 69 408, 540 0.9 387, 400 0.8 703, 040 0.8 70 – 74 492, 186 1.1 394, 116 0.9 886, 302 1.0 75 – 79 195, 455 0.4 156, 368 0.4 351, 823 0.4 80 – 84 258, 059 0.6 222, 627 0.5 480, 686 0.5 85 + 230, 585 0.5 194, 404 0.4 426, 989 0.5 TOTAL 44, 531, 608 100.0 44, 492, 612 100.0 88, 931, 320 100.0 Source: National Population Commission HQTRS, Abuja in National Bureau of Statistics, Social Statistics in Nigeria, 2005

Table 17. 2005 Projected population distribution in Nigeria by age and sex

Age group Males In % Females In % Both sexes In % 0 – 4 10,981,454 16.5 10,465,581 15.7 21,447,035 16.1 5 – 9 11,026,101 16.6 10,655,036 16.0 21,681,137 16.3 10 – 14 8,690,928 13.1 7,978,620 12.0 16,669,548 12.5 15 – 19 6,771,495 10.2 7,187,409 10.8 13,958,904 10.5 20 – 24 4,955,558 7.4 6,515,001 9.8 11,470,559 8.6 25 – 29 4,941,258 7.4 5,991,179 9.0 10,932,437 8.2 30 – 34 4,199,472 6.3 4,643,053 7.0 8,842,525 6.6 35 – 39 3,299,721 5.0 3,002,462 4.5 6,302,183 4.7 40 – 44 2,947,341 4.4 2,803,090 4.2 5,750,430 4.3 45 – 49 2,026,152 3.0 1,587,311 2.4 3,613,463 2.7 50 – 54 2,076,314 3.1 1,767,553 2.7 3,843,868 2.9 55 – 59 954,501 1.4 719,782 1.1 1,674,283 1.3 60 – 64 1,343,891 2.0 1,183,563 1.8 2,527,453 1.9 65 – 69 610,850 0.9 579,242 0.8 1,190,092 0.8 70 – 74 735,918 1.1 589,284 0.9 1,325,202 1.0 75 – 79 292,245 0.4 233,802 0.4 526,047 0.4 80 – 84 385,851 0.6 332,873 0.5 718,723 0.5 85 + 344,772 0.5290,674 0.4 635,445 0.5 TOTAL 66,583,821 100 66,525,514 100 133,109,335 100.0 Source: National Population Commission HQTRS, Abuja in National Bureau of Statistics, Social Statistics in Nigeria, 2005

2.2.2 Literacy level and languages

Nigeria has over 250 ethnic groups. However, the predominant groups are Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 20 %, Igbo (Ibo) 20%, Ijaw 6.5 %, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5 %, and Tiv 2.5% (http://www.nipost.gov.ng). The official language of Nigeria is English although most Nigerians communicate with each other through indigenous languages predominant in the particular state. Hausa is predominantly used in northern Nigeria, Yoruba in south western Nigeria and Igbo in Eastern Nigeria.

Literacy is used here as the ability of individuals 15 years and above to read and write. By this definition, in 2003 Nigeria was estimated to have a literacy rate of 68% for the population with the males having 75.7% literacy and the females recording 60.6% literacy (The World Factbook, 2007).

Table 18. Ability to read and write English Language by sector

Yes No Total Urban 66.77 33.33 100.00 Rural 39.94 60.06 100.00 Total 52.10 47.90 100.00 Source: Poverty Profile, 2004

Apart from the observed variation between gender in literacy rate, there is also literacy differential between those in rural and urban areas. Table 18 indicates that more Nigerians who reside in urban areas (66.77%) are literate than those in rural areas (39.94) (Poverty Profile, 2004). Availability and access to educational infrastructure and other facilities may be responsible for this difference.

2.2.3 Access to services

Table 19 shows general indicators of access to services in Nigeria. The table indicates that in 2003, 42% of Nigerians had access to safe water while the net primary school enrolment was 60.1% (NDHS, 2003). However, a survey of households in 2006 indicated that streams, ponds and rivers were the predominant sources of drinking and cooking water (30.4%) followed by borehole/hand pumps (24.6%) (Table 25). The survey indeed corroborates the findings of Table 19 as it also shows that about 42% of Nigerians could be regarded as having access to safe water.

Table 19. Social indicators of Nigeria

1999 2003 1. Under-five mortality rate 168/1000 201/1000 2. Under-five mortality rate (Urban) 129/1000 - 3. Under-five mortality rate (Rural) 192/1000 - 4. Infant mortality rate 90/1000 100/1000 5. Stunting prevalence 30.0% 38.0% 6. Accessible to safe water 54.2% 42.0% 7. Literacy Rate 52.7% 60.4% 8. Contraceptive prevalence 8.6% 13.0% 9. Net primary school enrolment rate 56.8% 60.1% 10. Maternal mortality rate 704/100,000 - 11. Maternal mortality rate (Urban) 351/100,00 - 12. Maternal mortality rate (Rural) 828/100,000 - 13. Total fertility rate 5.2 5.7 Source: Combination of NDHS, MICS 1999, NDHS 2003, (NpopC) in Poverty Profile 2004

Pertaining to health facilities, Table 20 points to the fact that Nigeria has primary, secondary and tertiary health care facilities. In 2004, there were 23,641 health care facilities. Approximately 86% of these facilities were primary health care facilities while 13.97% and 0.25% were secondary and tertiary health care facilities respectively (Federal Ministry of Health, 2004). Also a majority of the health care facilities (61.78%) were owned by public or government agencies.

Table 20. Health facilities by ownership 2004 PHC SEC TERT TOT State PUB PRV PUB PRV PUB PRV PUB PRV Abia 221 500 12 13 2 0 235 513 Adamawa 232 86 14 0 1 0 247 86 Akwa Ibom 344 1 45 148 1 0 390 149 Anambra 167 125 35 533 2 0 204 658 Bauchi 648 2 17 - 1 0 666 2 Bayelsa 142 - 10 6 1 0 153 6 Benue 531 583 20 35 1 0 552 618 Borno 388 13 34 17 2 0 424 30 C/River 406 72 21 43 2 0 429 115 Delta 259 248 25 11 1 0 285 259 Ebonyi 30 6 17 44 2 0 49 50 Edo 254 63 34 315 4 0 292 378 Ekiti 152 93 15 18 1 0 168 111 Enugu 176 327 10 200 3 0 189 527 Gombe 197 34 13 2 `1 0 211 36 Imo 220 368 14 302 1 0 235 670 Jigawa 412 0 11 0 1 0 424 0 Kaduna 719 1 1 0 1 0 721 1 Kano 637 0 27 15 2 0 666 15 Katsina 719 1 1 0 1 0 721 1 Kebbi 529 2 14 24 1 0 544 26 Kogi 722 10 83 88 1 0 806 98 Kwara 329 173 41 22 1 0 371 195 Lagos 386 625 30 164 4 0 420 789 Nassarawa 329 354 8 19 2 0 339 373 Niger 718 104 18 17 1 0 737 121 Ogun 397 131 52 88 3 0 452 219 Osun 467 202 53 129 2 0 522 331 Oyo 501 746 19 6 1 1 521 753 Plateau 471 436 29 11 1 0 501 447 Rivers 260 368 31 10 1 0 292 378 Sokoto 359 32 12 3 2 0 373 35 Taraba 413 194 2 1 1 0 416 195 Yobe 249 4 11 0 1 0 261 4 Zamfara 294 0 24 10 1 0 319 10 FCT 0 223 8 2 2 0 10 225 Grand 13703 6575 845 2458 59 1 14607 9034 Total Source: Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja in Poverty Profile, 2004 Key PRV = Private TERT = Tertiary Health Care PUB = Public TOT = Total PHC = Public Health Care Sec = Secondary Health Care

Tables 21 to 24 indicate that there has been a steady increase both in the number of primary schools, secondary schools, polytechnics and universities in Nigeria as well as the number of pupils/students enrolled in them. Generally, more males than females are enrolled in these institutions. For instance, in 2002, 3,713,854 males compared to 2,578,310 females were enrolled in secondary schools (Table22).

Table 21. National summary of primary school statistics - 2001-2005 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total schools 49,306 51,870 59,174 50,741 50,741 Total 19,263,534 19,861,681 25,772,044 20,037,480 20,951,818 enrolment Total male 10,805,722 11,070,610 14,433,764 11,141,614 11,712,479 enrolment Total female 8,457,812 8,791,072 11,338,280 8,895,866 9,239,339 enrolment Total 487,303 491,751 591,041 599,212 594,192 teachers Total male 0 0 0 295,121 293,286 teachers Total female 0 0 0 304,091 300,906 teachers Total class 80,515 110,889 139,098 193,096 193,096 rooms Teacher/Pupil 40 40 44 33 35 ratio Source: Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC), Abuja in NBS, 2005

Table 22. National summary of secondary school statistics - 2001-2005 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total schools 6,319 6,305 9,221 10,913 11,010 Total 5,528,384 6,292,164 1,171,304 5,388,734 5,422,611 enrolment Total male 3,241,566 3,713,864 4,063,475 3,077,911 3,079,832 enrolment Total female 2,286,818 2,578,310 3,107,829 2,310,823 2,342,779 enrolment Total 143,315 163,348 180,278 154,021 156,635 teachers Total male 0 0 0 0 0 teachers Total female 0 0 0 0 0 teachers Total class 124,229 148,119 203,922 98,078 98,796 rooms Teacher/Pupil 38 39 40 35 35 ratio Source: Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC), Abuja in NBS, 2005

Table 23. National summary of poly/monotechnic statistics - 2001-2005

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total 163 172 176 178 178 institutions Total 348,016 518,421 521,889 577,327 237,708 enrolment Total male 0 0 0 0 0 enrolment Total female 0 0 0 0 0 enrolment Total 8,472 17,673 18,199 16,499 16,499 teachers Total male 0 0 0 0 0 teachers Total female 0 0 0 0 0 teachers Total 0 0 0 0 0 classrooms Teacher/Pupil 41 29 29 35 14 ratio Source: National Universities Commission, Headquarters, Abuja in NBS, 2005

Table 24. National summary of university statistics 2001-2005

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total number 51 57 59 63 80 of universities Total 358,758 444,949 606,104 727,408 724,856 enrolment Total male 0 0 0 0 0 enrolment Total female 0 0 0 0 0 enrolment Total 18,867 18,426 22,046 23,871 23,535 teachers Total male 0 0 0 0 0 teachers Total female 0 0 0 0 0 teachers Total class 0 0 0 0 0 rooms Teacher/Pupil 19 24 27 30 31 ratio Source: National Universities Commission, Headquarters, Abuja in NBS, 2005

Table 25. Percentage distribution of households in Nigeria by major sourcesof drinking and cooking water

Pipe borne Pipe borne Borehole/ Well/ Well/ Rain Streams/P Others water water Hand Spring Spring water onds/Rive treated untreated pump protected unprotd rs

12.7% 4.5% 24.6% 7.7% 17.4% 3.1% 30.4% 1.2%

Source: NBS/CBN, Socioeconomic Survey of Nigeria, NBS, Abuja, 2006

Electricity supply in Nigeria is basically erratic with frequent power cuts. Nigeria produced and consumed 19.06 billion and 17.1 billion kWh of electricity respectively in 2004 (World Factbook, 2007). Its sources of production in 2001 were fossil fuel (61.9%) and hydro fuel (38.1%) (The World Factbook, 2007). Electricity generation and distribution has defied several interventions by various governments. Improving on this basic service to the Nigerian populace will go a long way in ameliorating hardships experienced by Nigerians.

It could be concluded that while some basic services are available to a proportion of Nigeria, differential access was observed for gender and location.

2.2.4 Rural-urban drift Rural-urban drift or migration is not a new phenomenon in Nigeria. The classification of urban and rural communities is usually based on the population of the community or level of infrastructural development. Initially, this classification was based on a population of 5000. However, this baseline figure was changed to 20,000 in 1952 (Okali et al., 2001). Consequently, over 2500 communities in Nigerian were reclassified. The distinction between rural and urban community dichotomy is becoming blurred for reasons of perception about the status of a community as well as the creation of states in Nigeria. The creation of states, suddenly transformed communities that were originally regarded as rural to urban communities, once they became headquarters of local government areas. Other reasons for rural-urban migration included inequality of opportunities for economic advancement, neglect of the infrastructural base of rural areas as well as shortage of farm land. While rural-to- urban migration is the usual pattern, there is growing evidence that urban to rural migration is on the increase in Nigeria. This migration includes not only the retired people who formed the majority of earlier return migrants but also younger people (Okali et al, 2001). In addition to these two observed patterns of interaction, there is also rural to rural migration which is largely due to seasonality of labour requirements of some activities as well as shortage of farmland.

2.3 Media and Telecommunications

2.3.1 Newspapers, periodicals and broadcast media Nigeria has numerous daily newspapers, monthly magazines, radio and television stations. According to a compilation by the Nigerian Press Council (2007), Nigeria has at least 213 newspapers of which 191 are privately owned while 22 are owned by governments (Table 26). Some of these newspapers such as the Guardian have agricultural columns on specific days of the week. Similarly, there are 90 magazines

of which a majority (84) is owned by private enterprises and 6 are government owned. Table 26 also shows most of the broadcast stations are owned by government agencies. Specifically, data obtained from the National Broadcasting Commission (2007) indicate that of the 96 radio stations, 79 are owned by either state or federal governments while 17 are privately owned. The same pattern is exhibited in the ownership of television stations. There are 62 television stations with 48 being owned by state/federal governments and 14 privately owned. Nigeria also has 36 cable television stations and 2 direct satellite stations. The National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) is the regulatory agency for the broadcast industry in Nigeria

The vast number of print and broadcast media in Nigeria therefore presents ample opportunities for disseminating agricultural and rural development messages to Nigerians. Indeed, some radio and television stations already broadcast such messages to the Nigerian people.

Table 26. Nigerian magazines/newspapers according to states

Abia State Newspapers 1. Lumen Private Weekly Catholic Diocese of Umuahia Tel: P.O. 99 Umuahia 23488220364 2. National Governme Daily Abia Newspaper and publishing 234803695578 Ambassador nt (Monday- Cooperation. Nnamdi Azikiwe 2348035071398 Friday) Secretariat Way Govt. New 2348045228009 Station Layout P.M.B 7245, Umuahia [email protected]

Abia State Magazines 3 The Private Weekly Independent Voice Independent Communications 107, Falolu Voice Road, Surulere, Off Akerele Bus Stop, Lagos Independentvoice01yahoo.com 4 Ohafia Private Weekly Ronka Press Services (WA) Ltd Forum

Abuja Newspapers 5 Assembly Private Weekly No. 9, Plot 855 Oshogbo Close, 234093147273 Post Off Tafawa Balewa Way, Opp Le 2348083712405 Meridien, Area II Garki, Abuja 7 [email protected] Fax: 234092341705 6 The Private Weekly Abuja Free Press Ltd., 8A Tel: Leadership Umuoza Close Off Ladoke 234092345055 Akintola Boulevard, Garki, Abuja. Fax: Website: www.leadership 234092345360 Nigeria.com e-mail: [email protected] 7 Abuja Private Weekly Newsweek Publication Ltd. Suite Newsweek 304, His Glory Plaza,

Adetokunbo Ademola Crescent, Wuse II 8 Abuja Today Private Daily Zone B Shopping Complex, (Monday- Legislative Quarters Apo Gudu Friday) District. e-mail: [email protected] 9 The Abuja Private Daily Gazetta Communication Ltd. Plot Tel/Fax: Inquirer (Monday- 1707, Jos Street, Garki, Area 3, 234092344757 Friday) Abuja 2348033027995 [email protected] 10 Abuja Tempo Private Weekly Printed and published by Star 23480347739 Company Ltd, Suite 40 Mongal Plaza, Area II, Garki E-mail: [email protected] 11 The Star Private Weekly Printed and published by Star 23480347739 Company Ltd, Suite 40 Mongal Plaza, Area II, Garki E-mail: [email protected] 12 The Times Private Weekly Published by Times Media 2340923470905 Company Suite 40 Mongal Plaza 2348027938347 Area II Garki. 2348036938155 13 The People’s Private Weekly Potential Development Ltd., 234096710507 Mandate Suit 40, Area 7 Cornershop, P.O. 2348037865862 Box 9606, Garki 14 Agribusiness Private Weekly Green Land Agro Consultant Ltd. 2348023608678 Today APC Plaza Near Pioneer Hotel 2348042154600 Off IBB way zone 4, P.O. Box 6931, Wuse e-mail: [email protected] 15 Federal Governme Monthly E-mail: 234092346355 Tenders nt Enquiries@federaltendersjournal. 2348033044545 Journal info 2348035879194 16 Abuja Private Weekly Newsweek Publication Ltd, Suite Tel/Fax: Newsweek 304, His Glory Plaza, 234095238592 Adetokunbo Ademola Crescent 23092220066 Behind Standard Trust Bank Wuse II E-mail: [email protected]

Abuja Magazines 17 Nigerian Private Weekly Publisher Dom Communication, 7 Tel: News World Banako Close, Zone 1, Wuse 234095231650 Abuja, E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Website: www.nigeiranewsworld.com 18 Abuja Private Weekly Ahmadu Bello Way, Apo Abuja Tel: Newsweek e-mail: 23409231123/4/ [email protected] 5 Website: Fax: www.proteahotel.com/apoapartm 234092311027

ent

Adamawa State Newspapers 19 The Scope Private Daily Adamawa Press Limited, P.M.B 234075624211 (Monday- 2280, Off Yola Road, Yola, Friday) E-mail: [email protected] 20 News Now Private Monthly News Now Communications Ltd., 234075627651 Published Sabon Dale complex, No. 2 2348035608798 Monthly Mohammed Mustapha Way, P.O. 2348036508541 (Magazines) Box 1015, Jimeta – Yola 2348032078077 e-mail: [email protected] 21 Burto Private Monthly Makwada Square Numan (Monthly Adamawa State. Magazine)

Akwa Ibom State Newspapers 22 Pioneer Governme Daily Akwa-Ibom Newspaper Fax/Tel: nt (Monday- Corporation Information Drive, 234805203593 Friday) Off Babangida Avenue 2340126101152 LAGOS OFFICE 23401610115 14 Ajose Adeogun Street, 23401613487 Victoria Island, Lagos ABUJA OFFICE Akwa-Ibom House, Plot 816, Ahmadu Bellow Way, Abuja FCT, P.M.B 1029 Uyo E-mail: pioneer newspaper [email protected]

Anambra State Newspapers 23 Anambra Private Daily Dokart Furniture Plaza, Km 10 234046611154 News (Monday- Old Onitsha/Enugu Road Friday) Nkwelle Ogidi, P.O. Box 94 Ikenga Ogidi E-mail: [email protected] 24 National Governme Daily Anambra Newspapers and 234048553218 Light nt (Monday- Printing Corporation Former 234048553219 Friday) College of Education Permanent Site. P.M.B 5096 Awka

Bayelsa State Newspapers 25 Delta Herald Private Daily Du-fran Communications 3, Over 2348037106268 (Monday- Comers Lane, Off Imgbi Road, 2348037442030 Friday) Yenogoa, Bayelsa State RIVERS STATE OFFICE 29, Ikwerre Road, Mile 1 Dioubu, P.O. Box 12256, Port-Harcourt. E-mail: [email protected] 26 Izon Link Private Weekly Harvey Global Communication 2348033651149

Limited, 7 Azikoro Road, P.O. WARRI Box 1025, Ekeki, Yenagoa, BRANCH Bayelsa State. 2348033651149 E-mail: [email protected] 27 Independent Private Weekly Ladein Communications Co. P.O. 2348035088766 Recorder Box 1028 Yenagoa, Bayelsa 2348038825088 State. RIVERS STATE OFFICE: California Estate Marine Base, P.H. Delta State Office Ekise Quarters Patani Town E-mail: [email protected] m. 28 The Image Private Weekly Image Publications New Azikoro Road, Yenagoa, Bayelsa state. LAGOS OFFICE 2 Ademola Street, Off Adisa Akinloye Street, Ketu E-mail: [email protected] 29 Dialogue Private Weekly Newsright Publications, 2348038964031 Communication House, Dangolo 30 The Light Private Weekly Jobokab Limited, 1, Overcomers 2348036775038 Lane, Off Punch Road, Amarata, Yenagoa, Bayelsa state. E-mail: [email protected] 31 Weekly Private Weekly Media Global Links in 2348037509913 Source collaboration with Biekuro 2348037428555 Memorial Foundation, NUJ Press Centre, Capt. Amagaba Road, opposite Police Headquarters, Yenogoa, Bayelsa State 32 State Private Weekly Garoda Publicity 2348039491138 Graphics 23 Capt., Amangala Street, Yenagoa 33 Environment Private Weekly Environment Watch 234807059117 Watch Communications Yenagoa 2348037156620 Mbiama Road, Ekeki Yenagoa, 2348037912495 Port Harcourt Office: 12A Azikwe 234089490807 Street, Mile 3 Diobu Port 234089490830 Harcourt 234084483981 34 The Civilian Private Weekly Dei Communication (RC.073487) 2348035723570 Old Azikoro Road, Opposite Shell 2348063339989 Schools, Okaka, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State 35 The Dispatch Private Weekly Crops Multi-Media, Opposite 2348036183817 Sunku Supermarket, Azikoro Road, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State., 36 The Private Weekly Tuesday N. Ebiowei and 2348037829288 Advocate Associates NUJ Press Centre, Capt. Amagala Road, Off Police

H/QTRS Road, Yenagoa. E-mail: [email protected] 37 Banners Private Weekly Banner Printing and Publishing News Company, Opp. Ekeki Motor Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, River State Office: 26, Urualla Street, P.O. Box 710, Port Harcourt E-mail: editor@bannernewsinfo Website: http://www.banner/news.info. 38 National Private Weekly Eastari Communications Limited, 2348032928124 Investigation Domo House, Wetland Road, 2348032715754 Behind Palen Clinic, Ekeki Epie, 2348035430637 Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. 39 The Atlantic Private Weekly Atlantic Express Printing and 2348036773253 Express Publishing Company Ltd. (RC 427999) Old Azikoro Road Off Okaka Junction, P.O. Box 320, Yenagoa Bayelsa State. E-mail: [email protected] 40 The Moment Private Daily The Moment Communications 2348036779788 (Monday- Kpanisa-Epie Yenagoa, Bayelsa 2348030858898 Friday) State. E-mail: [email protected] 41 Golden Pen Private Weekly Goodman Communication 2348036677689 Nigeria. 1 Arietalin Road, 4 Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. 2348035411835 42 New Waves Governme Weekly Bayelsa State Newspaper 234089490339 nt Corporation, Yenagoa, E-mail: [email protected] 43 Creek News Private Weekly Creek News Communications, Weekly Yenagoa, E-mail: [email protected] 44 News Net Private Weekly Indof Enterprises Behind ICIMS Palace Hotel Onopa, Yenagoa Bayelsa State. E-mail: [email protected]. 45 The Public Private Weekly Magnbodo Communications 2348055074062 Eye Behind EBI Mechanic Amarata 2348037474115 Yenagoa Bayelsa State. E-mail: [email protected] 46 The Private Weekly Divine Communications, 211, 2348063505639 Reflection Mbiama/Yenagoa Road, Opposite House of Assembly complex Amarata, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. E- mail:[email protected] m Or [email protected]

om 47 Izon Apia Private Weekly Dynamic Communication 2348043147414 Igbogene Town Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. Sido Street, Warri, Delta state E- mail: [email protected] 48 Niger Delta Private Weekly Dora Aghain Ltd., 9B, Eastern 2348036745759 Society Bye-pass Ogbnabali, Port Harcourt, 23, Amangala Street, NUJ Office Ovom, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. E-mail: [email protected]

Benue State Newspapers 49 The X-ray Private Weekly No. 9, Benue Street, Otukpo, 2348055335554 Benue state 50 The Sentinel Private Weekly 62, Old Otukpo Road, P.O. Box 234044534823 1526, High Level, Makurdi, Fax: Benue State. 234044534564 E-mail: [email protected] 51 The Voice Private Weekly Benue Printing and Publishing 234044532875 Corporation, No. 1, Jonahjang 23404453592 Crescent, P,M.B. 102365 52 The Spark Private Weekly The Spark No. 29, Railway By- 2348063502715 pass, High Level Makurdi, E-mail: 2348045169265 [email protected] k 53 Benue Private Weekly Sky Communication GP 333 2348026070926 Weekend Avenue Lobi Quarters, Makurdi, E-Mail: [email protected]

Benue State Magazines 54 SCAN Private Monthly Scan Business Ventures 841, 2348043171211 Benue Crescent, Benue State. 55 The Target Private Monthly No. 35, New Garage Makurdi, 2348043371482 Benue state. 2348059272709 E-mail: [email protected].

Delta State Newspapers 56 Sunday Governme Weekly Delta Printing & Publishing 234056280921 Pointer nt Company Ltd., 278, Nnebisi Fax: Road, Asaba, Delta state. 234056280921 P.M.B. 95061 E-mail: [email protected] 57 Daily Pointer Governme Daily Delta Printing & Publishing 234056280921 nt (Monday- Company Ltd., 278, Nnebisi Fax: Friday) Road, Asaba, Delta state. 234056280921 P.M.B. 95061 E-mail: [email protected]

58 Weekend Governme Weekly Delta Printing & Publishing 234056280921 Pointer nt Company Ltd., 278, Nnebisi Fax: Road, Asaba, Delta state. 234056280921 P.M.B. 95061 E-mail: [email protected] 59 Niger Delta Private Daily 1st Floor Isokeh Plaza, 3, 234053251373 Standard (Monday- Effurun/Sapele Road, P.M.B. 4, Fax: Friday) Effurun, Warri, Delta state 234-053- E-mail: 251373 [email protected]. 60 The Urhobo Private Weekly Uvoh Amroma International Ltd. 2348035741731 Voice 15 Effurun/Sapele Road, Opp. Mobil Filling Station, Enerhen Junction, Effurun, Warri, E-mail: [email protected] m

Edo State Newspapers 61 Afemai Voice Private Daily Numo Ventures (Nig) Ltd. No. 234057200509 (Monday- 107, Igbehe Road, Auchi, Edo 2348045056556 Friday) State. 2348045056557 E-mail: [email protected] 62 Edo Times Private Daily NEO Dream Communications, 2348035818262 (Monday- 33, 1st Akugbe Lane, Off Siluko 2348055966520 Friday) Road, Benin City E-mail: [email protected] 63 Merit Private Daily Merit Media Network. Merit 2348025349111 (Monday- Newspaper, 63, Uselu Lagos 2348024638011 Friday) Road (2nd floor) Benin City, Edo 2348035763052 State 64 The Catalyst Private Daily Savic Torina Enterprises NUJ 2348028806965 (Monday- Press Centre, GRA Box 7400, 2348057430196 Friday) Benin City, Edo State E-mail: the [email protected] 65 The Private Weekly Edonelson Communications 2348028804898 Community Limited, 21, Upper Sakpoba 2348055516062 Trumpet Road, Benin City, Edo state 2348027443485 Newspaper 66 The National Private Daily Buy Sell Hold Limited, 12, Aimure 2348023169656 Enquirer (Monday- Avenue, Off Boundary/Ihama 2348033005517 Friday) Roads, Opp. Ebenezer, Private Schools, GRA, Benin City 67 The Nigerian Private Daily Bendel Newspapers Company 234052257492 Observer (Monday- Limited, 24, Airport Road P.M.B 234052257531 Friday) 1334, Benin City. E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.the/nigerianobservern ews.com 68 The Sunday Private Weekly Bendel Newspapers Company 234052257492 Observer Limited, 24, Airport Road P.M.B 234052257531 1334, Benin City.

E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.the/nigerianobservern ews.com 69 The Private Weekly Bendel Newspapers Company 234052257492 Weekend Limited, 24, Airport Road P.M.B 234052257531 Observer 1334, Benin City. E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.the/nigerianobservern ews.com

Edo State Magazines 70 Edo National Private Weekly NEO Dream Communications 2348035818626 Ventures 2348055966520 33, 1st Akugbe Lane, Off Siluko Road Benin City E-mail: [email protected] 71 Esan Private Weekly Esan Magazine 19, Ikpokpan 2348023397701 Magazine Street, GRA, Benin City. 2348056609005 Website: www.Easnyouthmovemtn.org. 72 Family Private Monthly Faith Family Communications 2348037258581 Relationship Company, P.O. Box 5027,, Benin 2348037122600 City, Edo state. 2348037230066 E-mail: [email protected] 73 The Saviour Private Weekly Catholic Charismatic Renewal Fellowship of Benin Cathedral, 53, Mission Road, P.O. Box 7035, Benin City, Edo State E-mail: [email protected] Website: http//ccr-ben- benin.faithweb.com

Ekiti State Newspapers 74 Ekiti Now Private Weekly Fountain Newspapers and 2348037116114 Publishing Company, KLM 4 Iworoko Ado Ekiti (Head Office) 75 The National Private Weekly The Contact Communication Ltd., 2348036430857 Contact KLM 4, Iworoko Ado Ekiti (Head Office) 76 Kategbo Private Weekly Ile-Ise Kayegbo 2348032189284 Express Communications, 17 Bdegbotega Street, Araromi Quarters, Suite 12, Christ Shopping Centre, Adebayo Estate, Ado Ekiti.

Enugu State Newspapers 77 Daily Star Governme Daily Enugu State Printing and 234042253594

nt (Monday- Publishing Corporation, No 9, Friday) Works Road, PMB 01139, Enugu, E-mail: [email protected] 78 The Flame Private Weekly Catholic Diocese of Enugu, P.O. Box 302 Ogui, Enugu. E-mail: [email protected] 79 The Pilgrim Private Weekly Our Saviour Press Ltd, No 84, 234042258037 Agbami Road/Enugu-Ukwu Street, Uwani, Enugu. E-mail: [email protected] 80 The Private Weekly The Republican Communications 234042255579 Republican Ltd, No.5, Umuleri Street, Uwani, Enugu. E- mail:[email protected] om 81 Independent Private Weekly Independent Communications, 4, Summit Edinburgh Street, Enugu, Enugu state

Gombe State Newspapers 82 The Royal Private Weekly Bube Shongo Road, (Beside 234803465111 Heritage Bima Medical Centre, Near All 234803427918 (Monthly but Saints College) Federal Low Fax: now weekly) Cost, P.M.B 0140, Gombe state 234072223230 83 Gombe Private Monthly Published by Viewpoint Media 2348045119135 Today Consultants 234072223940 (Monthly Head Office: paper has KM 35 Kaduna Road, Zaria, not been in Gombe Office: circulation Secretariat, Opposite Central for about Prison, Gombe four months) E-mail: [email protected]

Gombe State Magazines 84 The Jewel Governme Monthly Ministry of Information and Social 234072220230 News nt Development, P.M.B 33 Gombe Publication 85 Gombe State Governme Quarterly Printed by Lyde S/Line Gombe 2348036051040 Population nt 2348028434134 and Development Newsletter

Imo State Newspapers 86 The Private Daily Imo Newspapers Ltd., P.M.B. 234083230116 Statesman (Monday- 1095, Egbu/Owerri Road, Imo Friday) state. E-mail: [email protected]

87 Sunday Private Weekly Imo Newspapers Ltd. P.M.B 234083230116 Statesman 1095, Egbu, Owerri Road, Imo state. E-mail: [email protected] 88 National Private Weekly Legacy Infortech Ltd, Plot 267 Question Opp. Nigeria Airways Ikenegbu Layout, Owerri – Imo state. E- mail:[email protected] k 89 Announcer Private Weekly Announcer Newspapers (Nig) Express Ltd, 7 Mann Street, Owerri, Imo state. E-mail: [email protected] m 90 Nigeria Private Daily Newspoint Communications, 2 Newspoint (Monday- Njemanze Street, Amaigbo, Imo Friday) State 91 New Private Weekly New Republic Publications, 29 Republic Orji Street, Amaigbo, Imo State. Editor: Ekwenche.com.kwenu.com

Jigawa State Newspapers 92 Jigawa Governme Daily Ministry of Information and Office 234064721127 Today nt (Monday- of the Special Adviser on Media 234064721456 Friday) Relations 93 Jigawa State Governme Daily Ministry of Information and Office 234064721127 at 10 nt (Monday- of the Special Adviser on Media 234064721456 Friday) Relations 94 Jigawa News Private Weekly Alisbuku Ventures, No 7 Maje 23406420168 week Road Hadeja Jigawa State 95 News Letter Governme Monthly Jigawa Today State Printing 234064721127 nt Press, Ministry of Information 234064721456

Kaduna State Newspapers 96 New Private Daily New Nigerian Newspapers Ltd., 234062244864 Nigerian (Monday- Ahmadu Bellow Way, P.O. Box 2340622452201 Friday) 254, Kaduna 2340622133778 97 New Private Weekly New Nigerian Newspapers Ltd., 234062244864 Nigerian Ahmadu Bellow Way, P.O. Box 2340622452201 Weekly 254, Kaduna 2340622133778 98 Desert Private Weekly No. 6, North Road, Red Cross 234062211850 Herald Premises, Opp. NEPA Abakpa District Office E-mail: [email protected] 99 Weekly Trust Private Weekly Media Trust Ltd., No. 6, 234062245916 Sullubawa Close, Off Katuru Fax Road, Unguwan Sarki GRA, 234062242496 Kaduna. E-mail: [email protected]

Or [email protected] 100 Insight Private Weekly Funom Communication Ltd., B21 234062244596 Weekly & 2 Sardanna Crescent, near 2348023098082 Unit Hospital, Kaduna E-mail: [email protected] 101 Speak Private Weekly AZ 53, Maiduguri Road Kaduna, 2348036009787 Weekly P.O. Box 6750, Kaduna E-mail: [email protected] 102 Abuja Governme Weekly NUJ Press Centre Kaduna 2348035505574 Nationwide nt Express 103 The Market Private Weekly Cavalet Publication Ltd No. 3, Danladi Mande, Off Isah Mohammed Street, Gwamna Road, Kaduna

Kaduna State Vernacular Newspapers 104 Gaskiya Ta Private Weekly New Nigerian Ltd. 234062213778 Fi Kwabo 105 Sawaba Private Weekly 2348034507165 234062241701 234062231040 106 Al-Mizan Private Weekly E-mail: [email protected] 234069335148

Kaduna State Magazines 107 African Major Private Monthly GMT Media: No 10 Dar Magazine Pharmacy Complex Sheku Laminu Avenue, Ungumar Rimi GRA, Kaduna. E-mail: [email protected] 108 Kaduna Governme Weekly Ministry of Information Yakubu State nt Gowon Way Kaduna Newscope 109 Image News Private Monthly C/o NUJ Press Centre, Kaduna 234803550746 Magazine 110 New Global Private Weekly New Global Media 20 Lagos 2348035880013 Magazine Street, Kaduna 2348028264481 111 The Market Private Weekly Cavalet Publication Ltd No. 3, 234062211365 Danladi Mande, Off Isah Mohammed Street, Gwamna Road, Kaduna E-mail: [email protected]. 112 New Private Weekly Funom Communication Ltd., B21 234062244596 Impression & 2 Sardanna Crescent, near Unit Hospital, Kaduna E-mail: [email protected] 113 The Private Weekly P. Dutsinma Street Tuduwada, 2340622316880 Lawmaker P.O. Box 7275, Kaduna E-mail: [email protected]

Kaduna State Religious Publication 114 The Cross Private Daily Catholic Media Centre, No. 13 News (Monday- Independent Way Kaduna Friday)

Kano State Newspapers 115 Daily Private Daily Triumph Publishing Ltd., Gidan 234064630060 Triumph (Monday- Sa’adu Zungur Kano, Kano State. Fax: Friday) E-mail: 234064630060 [email protected] Tel: Website: 234064630273 www.trimphnewspaper.com. Fax: 234064630273 www.triumphnewspaper.com./we ekend

116 Weekend Private Weekly Triumph Publishing Ltd., Gidan 234064630060 Triumph Sa’adu Zungur Kano, Kano State. Fax: E-mail: 234064630060 [email protected] Tel: Website: 234064630273 www.trimphnewspaper.com. Fax: 234064630273 www.triumphnewspaper.com./we ekend 117 Sunday Private Weekly Triumph Publishing Ltd., Gidan 234064630060 Triumph Sa’adu Zungur Kano, Kano State. Fax: E-mail: 234064630060 [email protected] Tel: Website: 234064630273 www.trimphnewspaper.com. Fax: 234064630273 www.triumphnewspaper.com./we ekend 118 Albishir Private Weekly Triumph Publishing Ltd., Gidan 234064630060 (Hausa Sa’adu Zungur Kano, Kano State. Publication) E-mail: [email protected]

119 Alfijir (A Private Weekly 234064630273 Hausa publication with Arabic alphabets) 120 Jamhuriya (A Private Weekly Kamfanin Century Research and Hausa Communication Ltd. 2nd floor, 2340644402686 publication) Hadiza House, Zariya/Zoo Road, 2340645261507 Jummat Mosque, Kano E-mail: [email protected]

Kano State Magazines 121 The Courier Governme Weekly Ministry of Information, Internal 234064660122

nt Affairs, Youths, Sports and 234064664716 Culture, Kano State 122 TIE Private Weekly Asab Ideal Communications, 234064660945 Mahes Building Tarauni Market Road, Kano State, E-mail: [email protected] 123 National Private Weekly Media Review Publication No. 1 234064663635 Review Bompai Road, by Tafawa Balewa Road Kano. 124 Concern Private Weekly Century Research and 234064663635 Publications Ltd. E-mail: [email protected]

Katsina State Newspapers 125 Katsina Governme Monthly Director of Information, Culture 234065312531 Gazette nt and Home Affairs (Monthly) 126 Fitilar Governme Monthly Director of Information, Culture 234065312531 Katsina nt and Home Affairs (Monthly) 127 Humma Governme Weekly Director of Information, Culture 234065312531 (Hausa nt and Home Affairs publication in Arabic alphabet)

Kebbi State Magazines 128 Kebbi Governme Monthly Kebbi State Ministry of 234068320184 Bulletin nt Information, Youth, Sports and 234068320779 (Monthly) Culture, Birnin Kebbi PMB 1053, Birnin Kebbi 129 Transformati Private Quarterly P.M.B 1053, Birnin Kebbi 234068320184 on 234068320779 (Periodical) 130 Equity Private Weekly Kebbi State Ministry of 234068320184 (weekly) Information, Youth, Sports and 234068320779 Culture, Birnin Kebbi PMB 1053, Birnin Kebbi 131 Rural Forum Private Weekly Kebbi State Ministry of 234068320184 Information, Youth, Sports and 234068320779 Culture, Birnin Kebbi PMB 1053, Birnin Kebbi 132 The Highlight Private Weekly Kebbi State Ministry of 234-068- Information, Youth, Sports and 320184 Culture, Birnin Kebbi PMB 1053, 234-068- Birnin Kebbi 320779 133 The Digest Private Monthly Cheerak House Ltd., No 6, 234068321068 Magazine Bayaua Road, Rafin Atiku Area, 2348036180376 Birnin Kebbi, P.O. Box 313, Birnin Kebbi. E-mail: [email protected] 134 Mujallar Private Monthly Turakin Masama, 10 Murtala 234068321068

Anuri Muhamed Way, Tudun Wada, 2348036180376 Birnin Kebbi. 135 Kebbi Times Private Monthly Ango Advert. And Publishing 2348036252659 Company, 10, Liman Zangina Road Nassarawa Birnin Kebbi, P.O. Box 178, Birnin Kebbi

Kogi State Newspapers 136 People’s Private Daily Publicity Enterprises of Nig. No. 7 2348034932806 Defender (Monday- Lugard Road behind township Friday) Stadium, Lokoja 137 Sunrise Private Daily Sunrise Communication 2348065335338 (Monday- 2348036065618 Friday) 138 The Private Daily Peoples Liberation Media 234058227998 Confluence (Monday- Network Services Ltd. 2348046124027 Express Friday) 2348036172307 139 The Private Daily 64, IBB way opposite Moremi 2348035605697 Mandate (Monday- House 2348039669741 Newspaper Friday) 140 Nigerian Private Daily Mission Zenith Enterprises, 2348036495914 Prime (Monday- Shalom Business Centre, No. Friday) 177 M/M Way opposite Nitel, P.O. Box 530, Lokoja, Kogi State 141 Search Lite Private Daily Lafflane Communication Ltd. 95, 2348035026304 (Monday- IBB way Lokoja, E-mail: 2348065301351 Friday) [email protected] 142 Kogi Affairs Private Daily Relink Publishers Ltd. RC No. 2348034533519 (Monday- 179650, 97m Muhammed Way, Friday) Lokoja 143 The Public Private Daily 2 Uofa Road, P.M.B 1496, Fax: (Monday- E-mail: [email protected] 2340310223532 Friday) Website:www.tradebankplc.com Tel: 2340310220062 144 The Graphic Private Daily Kogi Printing & Publishing Fax: (Monday- Corporation, 21, Olu of Oworo 234058220736 Friday) Road, P.M.B. 1089, Lokoja Tel: E-mail: 234058220251 [email protected] 2348035989267

Kogi State Magazines 145 National Government Weekly NUJ Press Centre Lokoja 2348034360120 Image 146 Kogi Watch Private Weekly Auta Printing & Publishing Co. 2378053014220 Ltd., No.2, CAC Road, Lokoja, 2348036210908 Kogi State 147 Kogi Private Weekly Easies Communication Ltd. State 2348033914512 Express Town Planning Shopping Arcade, P.O. Box 711, Adanakolo

Kwara State Newspapers 148 The Herald Government Daily Kwara State Printing & Publishing 2348033588585

(Monday- Corporation new Yidi Road, Ilorin Friday) Kwara State, P.M.B. 1369, Ilorin E-mail: [email protected] 149 National Private Daily Mandate International 2348033489034 Pilot (Monday- Publications (Nig) Ltd., 38, Friday) Stadium (Dele Abubakar) Road, Ilorin, Kwara state. E-mail: [email protected]

Lagos State Newspapers 150 Newswatch Private National & Newswatch Communications Tel/Fax: Weekly Ltd., 3 Billings way, Oregun 234014960950 Industrial Estate Ikeja, PMB 21499 Ikeja Lagos 151 Tell Private National & Tell Communications Ltd, Plot 26, 234014932497 Weekly Kudirat Abiola Way, Oregun, 234014932498 P.M.B. 21749, Ikeja, Lagos 234017747910 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.telling.com 152 The News Private National & Independent Communications Tel/Fax: Weekly Network Ltd., Press House, 27, 234014922499 Acme Road Agidingbi, Ikeja, 234014922983 P.M.B. 21531, Ikeja, Lagos 234014925373 E-mail: [email protected] 153 The Week Private National & Sub-saharan Press Ltd., 23 Tel/Fax: Weekly Adeniyi Jones, P.O. Box 11333 234017756204 Ikeja. 234014335078 E-mail: [email protected] 2348023103382 [email protected] Fax: 234014967792 154 Insider Private Weekly Insider Communications Ltd, Tel: Agidingbi, P.M.B. 21773, Ikeja 234017730817 E-mail: Fax: [email protected] 234012221030 om.uk 155 The Voice Private Weekly Sifa Publication 13 Adeniyi 234015852455 Jakande Close Off Adeniran 234015452456 Ogunsanya Street, Surulere, 248037874430 Lagos 156 The Source Private Weekly Summit Publications 30 Emina 234014960289 Crescent, Off Toyin Street, Ikeja, Lagos. P.M.B 21302, Ikeja, Lagos. E-mail: source [email protected] 157 Nigeria Private Weekly DOM Communication Ltd. No. 4, News World Ikosi Street, Off Oregun Road, 2340104816435 (News Ikeja Lagos magazine) 158 City People Private Weekly Media Techniques Nigeria Ltd, 234014707452 (weekly 15, Akingbola Street, Off Kudirat since 1996) Abiola Road, Oregun B/stop,

(Society Ikeja Lagos Magazine) 159 Global Private Weekly Global Excellence 234014707452 Excellence Communication, 6 Sanyaolu (Human street, Abiola Way, Oregun Ikeja Interest) Lagos. P.O. Box 5488, GPO Marina Lagos. E-mail: [email protected] 160 Encomium Private Weekly Encomium Ventures Ltd, May 14, 234014705675 (weekly House 23, Thomas Salako street, every Off Ogba-Ijaiye Road, P.O. Box Thursday) 14514 161 Ovation Private National & Ovation International Ltd., 15 234012882332 Weekly Adekunle Fajuyi Crescent, Off 234014936394/ Olufemi Olutoye Crescent, Ikeja, 5 Lagos. 01717902424 London Office: Suite 224, 0430681684 Wickham House, 10/12, Cleverland Way, London E1 $ TR E-mail: [email protected] 162 Treasure Private Bi-monthly Treasure-gate Communications 2348033150547 People and Ltd., 48 Odusanmi Street, Off Life (bi- Wmepco Road, Ogbo Box 17183, monthly) Ikeja E-mail: [email protected] uk. 163 Hints Private Weekly True Tales Publication Ltd 2/4 234014733178 Aromolaran Close, Off Shofola Street Ojodu Estate, Lagos. 164 Success Private Bi-monthly Kelani Links International P.O. 234018951771 Recipe Box 8045 Ikeja Lagos. E-mail: (bimonthly) [email protected] 165 Single and Private Bi-monthly Union Publication, 82, Demuring 2348034043853 Married Street (opposite Mr. Biggs) Ketu (Monthly) Lagos. E-Mail: [email protected] 166 Sweet Heart Private Weekly Danesh Business Ventures. E- 2348028997384 mail;[email protected]. 167 Fame Private Weekly Fame Publications Ltd, 16, 234014961080 Elewura Street Wemabod Estate. P.O. Box 14973, Ikeja Lagos. E-mail: [email protected] 166 Hearts Private Weekly Soul Publications Ltd, 42, Olowu 234014972964 Street, Ikeja, Lagos 234014977164 167 Forever Private Weekly Forever Magazine 12, Olanrewaju Street, Off Oregun Road, Ikeja, Lagos. E-mail: [email protected]. 168 Geneviev Private Weekly Sonia Publication Ltd, 55 234012695867 Raymond Njoku Street, Off 2348033257606 Awolowo Road, South-West, 2348023010473

Ikoyi E- mail:[email protected] om 169 Life (A pull Private Weekly Guardian Newspapers Limited, 234014524111, out from Rutam House, Isolo, Lagos 234014529183 Sunday P.M.B. 1217, Oshodi, Lagos. 234014529184 Guardian) E-mail: Fax: [email protected] 23401452080 234014931797 170 Health Link Private Weekly Global Health Link Ventures 70, 234018169224 Mobolaji Bank Anthony Way, 2348023154749 Ikeja Lagos. E- mail:healthlinkdoctor2004@yaho o.com 171 Business Private Weekly Tina John Industries Ltd. 563, 2348028363858 Express Ikorodu Road, Kosofe S/stop Mile (Every 12, Lagos. Tuesday) E-mail: [email protected] 172 The Private Monthly Adwal Innovatives, 62, Apata 2348023248491 Hairdresser Street, Shomolu, Lagos. 173 Good Private Weekly Speed Star Ltd, 107, Allen 2348033259887 Health Avenue, Ikeja P.O. Box 3772, Oshodi, Lagos 174 Justice Private Weekly 35, Lawanson Road, Lawanson, 234018170518 Watch Surulere, Lagos E-mail: 2348034052951 [email protected] Website: www.justicewatchmahazine.co 175 Pharmasco Private Weekly Global Village Ltd, 10, Toyin 234018130956 pe Street, Lagos. E-mail: [email protected] 176 Complete Private Weekly Complete Communications Ltd. 234014528556 Football Plot 3 Alhaji Adenekan Street, Okota, Isolo, Lagos. P.O. Box 51404 Ikeja, E-mail: [email protected] 177 Market Private Weekly Geefaj Ventures Ltd, 90 Awolowo 2348033073886 Place Road, S/W Ikoyi, P.O. Box 2480, 234018043860 Lagos 234018046499 Production Office: 40/42 Ago Palace Way, Okota, Lagos. E-mail: [email protected] 178 Property Private Weekly Darren Lloyds Ltd., 71A Aba 234017931895 Search Johnson Crescent, Off Adeniyi 234017913661 Jones Ikeja, Lagos. Fax: E-mail:[email protected] 234013451798 179 Castles Private Weekly Real House Communications 234014702687 (Weekly Ltd., 5, Ogundana Street, Off 234018929107 Consumer Allen Avenue, Ikeja 234014700762

Magazine) P.O. Box 7610 Lagos. Fax: E-mail: 234013451392 [email protected] 180 IT & Private Weekly Belmang Ltd, Suite 339, Ikeja 2348033180808 Telecom Plaza, Mobolaji Bank Anthony 2348033019989 Digest Way, Ikeja. 2348023121375 e-mail: editorial@it- telecomdigest.com website: www.it- telecomdigest.com E-mail: [email protected] 181 Media Private Monthly Diamond Publications Ltd, 9, 234015851466 Review James Robertson street, Surulere, Lagos. E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.diamond- publication.com 182 Position Private Weekly Back Page Production, 13, Saidu 234014729048 (Human Ajobowu Street, Off Toyin Street, 2348033052279 Interest) Ikeja Lagos. Website: www.positionmagazine.com 183 The Adviser Private Weekly Lexam Media Service Ltd. 2348023022201 Website:http://www.ngguardianne 2348023195973 ws.com 2348023147678 2348023715450 2348028441134 184 Police Private Weekly Lacom Communication Ltd, 31 234014701737 Ologun Agbaje Street, Off Adeola 234012624271 Odeku Street, Victoria Island, 23401613243 Lagos. 185 Success Private Weekly Obazu Company Ltd Digest 186 Success Private Weekly Financial I.Q Media 2348023830884 Guide 187 Exquisite Private Weekly Expose Media, 12 Ezekiel Street, 234018964892 Properties Off Toyin Street, Ikeja, Lagos. (Specialized E-mail: [email protected] ) http://www.exzproperties.com 188 Kingdom Private Bi-monthly Destiny and Time 2348023044464 Profile E-mail: 2348023105433 [email protected] 189 End Time Private Bi-monthly Hosanna Media Incorporated 2348023830884 E-mail: [email protected]

Lagos State Newspapers 190 The Private Daily Guardian Newspapers Ltd, 234014524111 Guardian (Monday- Rutam House, Isolo Lagos. 234014529183 Friday) P.M.B 1217, Oshodi, Lagos 234014529184 E-mail: Fax: [email protected] 234014524080 234014931797 191 The Private Weekly Guardian Newspapers Ltd, 234014524111

Guardian on Rutam House, Isolo Lagos. 234014529183 Saturday P.M.B 1217, Oshodi, Lagos 234014529184 Website: Fax: http://www.ngrguardian/news.co 234014524080 m 234014931797 192 The Private Weekly Guardian Newspapers Ltd, 234014524111 Guardian on Rutam House, Isolo Lagos. 234014529183 Sunday P.M.B 1217, Oshodi, Lagos 234014529184 Website: Fax: http://www.ngrguardian/news.co 234014524080 m 234014931797 193 This Day Private Daily Leaders & Company Ltd, Lagos. 234013203037 (Monday- 35, Creek Road, Apapa, Lagos. 234013203038 Friday) P.O. Box 54749, Ikoyi Lagos. 2348022924721 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [email protected] 234013203032 194 This Day on Private Weekly Leaders & Company Ltd, Lagos. 234013203037 Saturday 35, Creek Road, Apapa, Lagos. 234013203038 P.O. Box 54749, Ikoyi Lagos. 2348022924721 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [email protected] 234013203032 195 This Day on Private Weekly Leaders & Company Ltd, Lagos. 234013203037 Sunday 35, Creek Road, Apapa, Lagos. 234013203038 P.O. Box 54749, Ikoyi Lagos. 2348022924721 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [email protected] 234013203032 196 The Punch Private Daily Punch (Nig) Ltd., 1, Olu Aboderin 234014920205 (Monday- Street, Onipetesi, Ikeja, Lagos. 234014972815 Friday) P.M.B. 21204, Ikeja – Lagos. E-mail: [email protected] Website:www.punchng.com 197 Saturday Private Weekly Punch (Nig) Ltd., 1, Olu Aboderin 234018940871 Punch Street, Onipetesi, Ikeja, Lagos. 234018939406 P.M.B. 21204, Ikeja – Lagos. 234014923546 E-mail: satpunch@the- Fax: punch.com 234018939404 [email protected] 234017748080 198 Sunday Private Weekly Punch (Nig) Ltd., 1, Olu Aboderin Fax/Phone: Punch Street, Onipetesi, Ikeja, Lagos. 234014920205 P.M.B. 21204, Ikeja – Lagos. 234014972815/ E-mail: Sunday 6 [email protected] Website: www.punchng.com 199 Vanguard Private Daily Vanguard Media Ltd, Vanguard (Monday- Avenue, Kirikiri Canal, P.M.B Tel/Fax (News) Friday) 1007, Apapa, Lagos. 234012880569 E-mail: [email protected] 234012881726 Internet: www.banguardngr.com 2348022234651 200 Saturday Private Weekly Vanguard Media Ltd, Vanguard Tel: Vanguard Avenue, Kirikiri Canal, P.M.B 234015871200 1007, Apapa, Lagos. Fax: (News) E-mail: 234015877970 [email protected]

[email protected] Internet: http://www.vanguardngr.com 201 Sunday Private Weekly Vanguard Media Ltd, Vanguard Tel/Fax (News) Vanguard Avenue, Kirikiri Canal, P.M.B 234015877204 1007, Apapa, Lagos. 234012880569 E-mail: 234012881726 [email protected]; 2348022234651 [email protected]. Internet: http://www.vanguardngr.com. 202 Daily Private Daily Champion Newspapers Ltd., 234015425840 Champion (Monday- Isolo Industrial Estate, 156/158, 234014525983 Friday) Oshodi/Apapa Express Way, Ilasamaja, Mushin, Lagos. P.O. Fax Box 2276 234014526017 Oshodi, Lagos. 234014520424 E-mail: [email protected] m Website: http://www.championnewspapers. com 203 Saturday Private Weekly Champion Newspapers Ltd., 234015425840 Champion Isolo Industrial Estate, 156/158, 234014525983 Oshodi/Apapa Express Way, Ilasamaja, Mushin, Lagos. P.O. Fax Box 2276 234014526017 Oshodi Lagos. 234014520424 E-mail: [email protected] m Website: http://www.championnewspapers. com 204 Sunday Private Weekly Champion Newspapers Ltd., 234015425840 Champion Isolo Industrial Estate, 156/158, 234014525983 Oshodi/Apapa Express way, Ilasamaja, Mushin, Lagos. P.O. Fax Box 2276 234014526017 Oshodi Lagos. 234014520424 E-mail: [email protected] m Website: http://www.championnewspapers. com 205 Sporting Private Weekly Champion Newspapers Ltd., 234015425840 Champion Isolo Industrial Estate, 156/158, 234014525983 Oshodi/Apapa Express way, Ilasamaja, Mushin, Lagos. P.O. Fax Box 2276 234014526017 Oshodi Lagos. 234014520424 E-mail:

[email protected] m Website: http://www.championnewspapers. com 206 Daily Sun Private Daily The Sun Publishing Ltd., 2 234013203229 (Monday- Coscharis Street, Kirikiri 234013203230 Friday) Industrial Layout, Apapa P.M.B. 234013205754 21776, Ikeja, Lagos. Fax: E-mail: 234017900632 [email protected] http://www.sunnewsonline.com 207 Saturday Private Weekly The Sun Publishing Ltd., 2 234013203229 Sun Coscharis Street, Kirikiri 234013203230 Industrial Layout, Apapa P.M.B. 234013205754 21776, Ikeja Lagos. Fax: E-mail: 234017900632 [email protected] http://www.sunnewsonline.com 208 Sunday Sun Private Weekly The Sun Publishing Ltd., 2 234013203229 Coscharis Street, Kirikiri 234013203230 Industrial Layout, Apapa P.M.B. 234013205754 21776, Ikeja Lagos. Fax: E-mail: 234017900632 [email protected] http://www.sunnewsonline.com 209 Weekend Private Weekly The Sun Publishing Ltd., 2 234013203229 Soccer Coscharis Street, Kirikiri 234013203230 Industrial Layout, Apapa P.M.B. 234013205754 21776, Ikeja Lagos. Fax: E-mail: 234017900632 [email protected] http://www.sunnewsonline.com 210 The Comet Private Daily Turning Point Newspapers Ltd., Tel: (Editor) (Monday- 27B, Fatai Atere Way, Matori, daily Friday) Lagos. 234014520849 P.M.B 12100, Marina Lagos. E-mail:[email protected] Website:http://www.the/cometne ws.com 211 The Comet Private Weekly Turning Point Newspapers Ltd., Tel: (Editor) on Saturday 27B, Fatai Atere Way, Matori, 234014521333 Lagos. P.M.B 12100, Marina Lagos. E-mail:[email protected] Website:http://www.the/cometne ws.com 212 Sunday Private Weekly Turning Point Newspapers Ltd., Tel: (Editor) Comet 27B, Fatai Atere Way, Matori, daily Lagos. 234014521333 P.M.B 12100, Marina Lagos. E-mail:[email protected] Website:http://www.the/cometne ws.com

213 Daily Times Private Daily Daily Times of Nig. Plc, 3/5 and 7 Tel/Fax (Monday- Kakawa Street, Lagos. Editorial 234013451484 Friday) Office: Lateef Jakande Road, 234013453197 Agidingbi, P.M.B. 21340, Ikeja 234013450597 E-mail: dtn [email protected] Website: www.dailytime of Nigeria.com 214 Sunday Private Weekly Daily Times of Nig. Plc, 3/5 and 7 Tel/Fax Times Kakawa Street, Lagos. Editorial 234013451484 Office: Lateef Jakande Road, 234013453197 Agidingbi, P.M.B. 21340, Ikeja 234013450597 E-mail: dtn [email protected] Website: www.dailytime of Nigeria.com 215 New Age Private Daily Century Media Ltd, 217/219, Tel: (Monday- Moshood Abiola Way, Iganmu, 234014723021 Friday) Lagos. P.O. Box 55719, Ikoyi 234017911032 Lagos. Fax E- 234015458703 mail:centurymedia@hyperiacom. Website: www.newage- online.com 216 Newage Private Weekly Century Media Ltd, 217/219, Tel: Sports Moshood Abiola Way, Iganmu, 234014723021 Express Lagos. P.O. Box 55719, Ikoyi 234017911032 (Saturday) Lagos. Fax E- 234015458703 mail:centurymedia@hyperiacom. Website: www.newage- online.com 217 Daily Private Daily Independent Newspapers Ltd, Tel/Fax Independen (Monday- Block 5, Plot 7D Wempco 2340104962138 t Friday) E-mail: /9 [email protected] 23401773348/9 Website: www.independent.com Newsroom: 23401496213/6 218 Saturday Private Daily Independent newspapers Ltd, Tel/Fax Independen (Monday- Block 5, Plot 7D Wempco 2340104962138 t Friday) E-mail: /9 [email protected] 23401773348/9 Website: www.independent.com Newsroom: 23401496213/6 219 Sunday Private Weekly Independent newspapers Ltd, Tel/Fax Independen Block 5, Plot 7D Wempco 2340104962138 t E-mail: /9 [email protected] 23401773348/9 Website: www.independent.com Newsroom: 23401496213/6 220 National Private Daily Common interest Tel/Fax Interest (Monday- Communications Ltd, Funmec 2340134518159 Friday) House Plot 70B, ACME Road, Ogba, Ikeja, Lagos.

P.O. Box 16369, Ikeja Lagos. E-mail: [email protected] 221 National Private Weekly Mentmore Publishers Ltd, 1 Tel: Mail Balogun Street, Anifowose, Ikeja 234017222784 – Lagos. Fax: E-mail: 234015543096 nationalmailnewspapers@yahoo. com 222 The Private Daily Western Publishing Co. Ltd, 1 Tel: Westerner (Monday- Oregun/Opebi Link Road, 234017228075 Friday) Oregun, P.M.B. 21812, Ikeja, 234017736576 Lagos. 234017912924 E-mail: Fax: [email protected] 234-01- Website: www.westernerng.com 7912925 223 National Private Weekly 2k, Obasa Close, Ikeja Lagos, Mirror Website: www.nationalmirror.com 224 PM News Private Daily CVL Office Press House, 27 234017939286 (Monday- Acme Road, Agidingbi, P.M.B. Fax Friday) 1531, Ikeja, Lagos. 234014922983 (Evening Website:www.thenewsng.com newspaper) 225 Financial Private Weekly Millenium Harvest Ltd, 5, Iyalla 234014934891 Standard Street, Alausa, P.M.B 21805, 2344934494 Ikeja – Lagos. 2344934996 E- Fax mail:info@financialstandardnews. 234013451035 com 234013451036 Website:www.financialstandardn ews.com 226 Business Private Weekly Business Day Media Ltd, 72, 234013454500- Day Amuwo Odofin Estate, Festac 3 Link Road, Amuwo Odofin, Fax Lagos. 234013454510 E- mail:[email protected] m 227 Business Private Weekly Management Forum Ltd, Afala Tel: Week House, 20 Jogunosimi Street, Off 234014978625 Obafemi Awolowo Way, Alausa, Fax Ikeja, Lagos 234014978625 Website: http://www.the/businesswekng.co m 228 The Private Weekly Blessed Communication Nig. Tel: Exclusive Ltd., 24 Pade Odanye Close, Off 234014702031 Adeniyi Jones By Haco Bus Stop, Fax Ikeja, Lagos. 234014721511 E-mail: the [email protected] 229 M2 Private Weekly M2 Publications Ltd 36A Toyin 234018906033 Street, Ikeja Lagos http://www.M2online.biz

230 Moneywise Private Weekly Media Partner Ltd, 704 Somide 234018969042 Odujirin Avenue Omole Phase 2, Isheri Berger, Lagos. E-mail: editor@moneywise www.moneywise-ng.com

Nassarawa State Newspapers 231 Nigerian Private Daily Nassarawa Publishing Company, Fax: Newsday (Monday- No. 11 Jos Road opposite New 234047220548 Friday) State Secretariat Laha, 2348033142615 Nassarawa State. E-mail: [email protected]

Niger State Newspapers 232 Newsline Government Daily Newspaper Division Niger State, 234066221873 Newspaper (Monday- Media Corporation, P.M.B. 10 Friday) Paiko Road, Minna 234 T.P.M. Private Monthly Ahmed Lame Street, Off Niteco 2348035860054 Magazine Road, Minna, Niger State 2348056382636 235 Tauraruwa Government Weekly Niger State Media Corporation 2340660221873 Printing & Publishing, P.O. Box 10, Parko Road, Minna 236 The Bridge Private Daily The Baseline Communications 2348035901085 Newspaper (Monday- Ltd., Wachiko Building 2nd Floor, 2348036209779 Friday) Bosso Road, P.O. Box 2929 2348036158857 Minna 234066221356 E-mail: The [email protected] 237 Press Government Monthly Information Division of Ministry Bulletin (A of Information, Culture, Minna magazine)

Ogun State Newspapers 238 Awori Private Daily LEGEMEDIA Ltd., 285, Idiroko 234018937528 Vanguard (Monday- Road, Ota, P.O. Box 1444, Ota, Friday) Ogun State 239 Gateway Private Weekly GLD Multilbix Ltd., 32, Tinubu 2348055372694 Mirror Street, Oke Sokori, Ita-Eko, 2348038463414 Abeokuta, Ogun State 240 The Beacon Private Weekly Broof Concepts 22, Ake Road, 2348034711696 Ijemo Abeokuta 241 Ogun News Private Weekly Ogun News Express 2348033309945 Express communication Ltd., Gateway 2348033633654 Hotel Annex Office Complex, GRA, Ibara, Abeokuta

Ondo State Newspapers 242 The Hope Private Daily Owena Press Ltd, Ado Ekiti Road 234034242652 (Monday- Friday) 243 Weekend Private Weekly Ijapo, Akure Hope E-mail: [email protected]

100

244 Odua Voice Private Weekly Emdadeg Print, 33b, Oyemekun 2348033506359 Road, Akure, Ondo State. 245 Sunshine Private Weekly 3B Hospital Road, Opp. High 234034240821 Express Court, Akure (Head office) 5, 2348034277277 Hospital Road, Opp. High Court, 2348034746772 Akure. (Corporate Office) Dandytexfareast2yahoo.com.uk 246 Class News Private Weekly Class News Communication, 28, Ajegunle Street, Lagos, Ajilosun Street, Ado Ekiti, E-mail: [email protected] 247 Voice Private Weekly Owo Made communication, No. 1 2348035757904 Kare Junction Owo, P.O. Box 328, Owo E-mail: [email protected]

Oyo State Newspapers 248 Nigerian Private Daily African Newspapers of Nigeria 23402231000 Tribune PLC, Imalefalafia Street, Oke- 234022313410 Ado, Ibadan, Oyo State Fax: E-mail: 234022317573 [email protected] m Website: www.tribune.com.ng 249 Oodua Private Weekly Alleluyah Printing press, 234028109485 News NW7/946 Adegboyega Crescent, 234028108737 Sango/Eleyele Road, P.O. Box 4171 U.I. Ibadan 250 The Forum Private Weekly Forum Publishing Network 2348033829139 communication, 17 Bateye, 234023212684 Street Off Imalefalafia Road, Near Odutola Factors, Oke Ado, Ibadan

Plateau State Newspapers 251 The Government Daily Joseph Gomwak House, P.M.B Nigerian (Monday- 2112 Jos, Plateau State. Standard Friday) 252 New Crest Private Daily Nana House, No. 41, Old Airport Newspaper (Monday- Junction, Yakubu Gowon Way, Friday) Jos.

Rivers State Newspapers 253 Highlight Private Daily Mentors Media 100, Omoi Orosi, 2348037106388 (Monday- Rumuigbo, Port Harcourt, E-mail: Friday) [email protected] 254 Independen Private Daily Independent Monitor 26, Ikwerre 234804573106 t Monitor (Monday- Road, P.O. Box 1932, Port Friday) Harcourt, E-mail: [email protected] 255 Jesus Christ Private Monthly Jesus Christ Today, 8B Iriebe 2348033092190

101

Today Street, D/Line, Port Harcourt. E- mail: Jesuschrist- [email protected] 256 National Private Monthly Network Printing & Publishing 2348037091927 Network Co., No. 6 Udi Street, Mile 1 Diobu, Port Harcourt. E-mail: [email protected] 257 Niger Delta Private Daily Cowries Communication Ltd., 11 234803091366 today (Monday- Ikwere Road, Port Harcourt. Friday) 258 Popular Private Weekly KNOTSTAR Ltd., 77, Omoi Orosi 2348033390449 View (Psychiatric Hospital) Road, Port 2348035518631 Harcourt. 2348037106672 E-mail: [email protected]. 259 Port Private Weekly Ihuorie Communication Services, 2348033423730 Harcourt 11 Ikwerre Road, Port Harcourt 2348057208565 Sunrise 260 The Argns Private Weekly The Argns News Company, Orosi 2348033125188 house, 28, Forces Avenue, P.O. Box 1599, Port Harcourt. E-mail: [email protected] 261 The Advert Private Weekly Advert Manger Ltd., 20 Bende 23484238367 Street Kumuomasi, P.O. Box 23484488022 5028, Port Harcourt 23484231687 Website: http://www.theadvert.net/ E-mail: [email protected] 262 The Beam Private Weekly The BEAM Productions Ltd., c/o 2348033387900 No 64/66 Nsukka Street, Mile 1, Diobu, Port Harcourt. E-mail: [email protected] 263 The Beacon Private Weekly Gorinda Press Ltd. 44, Ikwerre 2348033133982 Road, Mile 1 Diobu, Port Harcourt. E-mail: [email protected] 264 The Port Private Daily(Monday Bewura Communications Ltd., 76 2348033069774 Harcourt -Friday) Ememke Street, Diobu, Port 2348035080614 Spectator Harcourt. 2348037805154 E-mail: [email protected] 265 The Port Private Daily(Monday Fourth Realm Communications 2348036002239 Harcourt -Friday) Ltd., NUJ Building, Ernest Ikoli 2348033125628 Telegraph Press Centre, Moscon Road, Port Harcourt E-mail:[email protected] Website:http://www/the/phctelgrp ah.com 266 The Tide Government Weekly Rivers state newspaper 234084230298 Corporation, 4, Ikwerre Road. 234084230299 P.M.B. 5072, Port Harcourt, Fax: E.mail: 234084230298 [email protected]

102

Website: www.thetidenews.cm 267 The Government Weekly Rivers state newspaper 234084230298 Weekend Corporation, 4, Ikwerre Road. 234084230299 Tide P.M.B. 5072, Port Harcourt, Fax: E.mail: 234084230298 [email protected] Website: www.thetidenews.cm 268 The Tide on Government Weekly Rivers state newspaper 234084230298 Sunday Corporation, 4, Ikwerre Road. 234084230299 P.M.B. 5072, Port Harcourt, Fax: E.mail: 234084230298 [email protected] Website: www.thetidenews.cm 269 The Verite Private Weekly Verite Company 68, Urualla 2348033368229 Street, Mile 1, Diobu, Port 2348037028756 Harcourt, E-mail: [email protected] 270 Today’s Private Daily Strategic Initiative Ltd., 87, 234-084487079 Topnews (Monday- Aggrey Road, Port Harcourt, 2348033233029 Friday) Rivers State 2348037470168 E-mail: [email protected] 271 Weekly Star Private Weekly Spider Press (Nig) Office E-mail: 2348038755676 [email protected] 2348037942995 m 272 Niger Delta Private Weekly Mark Ross Company Ltd., 2, 23484240035 Standard Obanaobaan Street, E-mail: 23484240034 [email protected]. Website:www.nigerdeltastandard. com

Rivers State Magazines 273 Anu Meka Private Weekly Anu Meka Concepts Company 2348056741785 Incorporated Port Harcourt, 2348022259403 Rivers State. 2348037068303 E-mail: 2348037098644 [email protected] 274 Heroes & Private Weekly Heroes & Legends Ltd., 120A 2348033097675 Legends PH/Aba Express Road, Garrison 234084488293 Bus Stop, P.O. Box 13090, Port 234084236509 Harcourt, Rivers state. E- mail:[email protected] m 275 Outcome Private Weekly Alvess Ltd., 112A Aba Road, Port 2348038748901 Harcourt, Rivers State. E-mail: 2348023015412 [email protected] 23484484753 276 Pro Private Monthly ESPIELF & Tri – A12 Business 2348030949805 Business Coy. 100, Omoi_Orosi Road, Port 2348053262454 Harcourt, Rivers State E-mail: [email protected] 277 QualiHealth Private Monthly QualiHealth 234084235305

103

2348033298096 278 The Gist Private Monthly Toby Jug Media & Promotions 2348036307567 Ltd., 61, Niji Road, GRA, Phase 2348033426562 II, Port Harcourt, River State. 2348056047089 E-mail: 2348037027969 [email protected] 279 The Hidden Private Monthly WEHERE Foundation 2348033419961 Knowledge Surveillance Suite 30, Ikwerre 2348023649515 Road, Mile 1 Diobu, P.O. Box 2348028977712 13459, GPO Port Harcourt 2 E-mail: [email protected] m 280 Unique Private Monthly Sidney Brown Books, 21, Mbonu 2348055628738 street, D/line, Port Harcourt, Rivers state E-mail: [email protected] 281 Cream Private Monthly Cream Magazine, First Floor, 15, 2348037205927 Magazine Ebonyi/Oroasi Road, Rumuola, 2348038877254 Port Harcourt. 2348037081566 E-mail: [email protected] m

Sokoto State Newspapers 282 The Path Private Weekly Sokoto Newspaper Ltd., Gushi 234060235934 (Weekly) Road, P.M.B. 2425, Sokoto 234060235977 234060233852 234060236990 Fax: 060233822 283 Jagora Private Weekly Sokoto Newspapers Ltd, Gusan 234060235934 (weekly in Road, P.M.B. 2425, Sokoto 234060235977 Hausa 234060233852 language) 234060236990 Fax: 234060233822

Taraba State Newspapers 284 The Mirror Government Weekly Nigeria Union of Journalists (TM) Information Chapel, c/o Ministry of Information, P.M.B 1093, State Secretariat, Jalingo. 285 News Private Weekly MOJA Associates, 177 234079222224 Pointer Hammaruwa Way, Jalingo, Taraba State., P.O. Box 370, Jalingo, Taraba State

104

Yobe State Magazines 286 Newsray Private Monthly Newsray Communications 234-074- (Magazine) Ventures Ltd., P.O. Box 172, No. 522195 3 Bukar Abba Ibrahim Way, 234- Damaturu, Yobe State. 0740522026 E-mail: 2348034390092 [email protected]. 2348042159443 287 The Mark Private Monthly Towers & Towers Tel/Fax: Communications Ltd, Gujba 234074522881 Road, P.O. Box 319, Damaturu, 2348036161640 Yobe State E-mail: [email protected]

Zamfara State Newspapers 288 The Weekly Government Weekly Zamfara State Printing and Tel: Legacy Publishing Company. The 234063203800 Legacy House, No. 23, Sani Fax: Abacha Way, Gusau, Zamfar, 234063202453 P.M.B. 01144, Gusau.

Source: Nigerian Press Council, 2007

Table 27. Publicly owned radio and television stations

FRCN National Stations

(Radio) S/N Radio Ownership Broadcast Address Telephone stations hours 1 FRCN Government 24Hrs Broadcasting House, Tel: Abuja Gwagwalada, 234098821065 National PMB 71, Garki Abuja, Fax: Station 234098821040

2 FRCN Government 24Hrs Broadcasting House, Tel: Enugu No 7 Onitsha Road 23442254371, National PMB 1051 Enugu 23442254400, Station: E- 23442255590 mail:[email protected] Fax: g 23442254137 3 FRCN Government 24Hrs Broadcasting House, No, 1 Tel: Ibadan Oba Adebimpe Road PMB 234022400660/3 National 5003, Ibadan Fax: Station 234022413930, 234022414857 4 FRCN Government 24Hrs N0.7:Yakubu Gowon Way Tel: Kaduna P.O. Box 250, Kaduna 23462245390 National Fax: Station 23462245392

105

5 FRCN Government 24Hrs Broadcasting House. Tel: Lagos PMB 12504 Ikoyi. 234012690301/3 National 234014807621 Station Fax: 234012693438, 234012690340

FRCN FM Stations 7 Pacesetter Government Broadcasting House, Tel: FM 6AM-12AM Amakama, PMB 7101, 234823118182, (103.5MHz) Umuahia, Abia State 234422581282, 2348052050225 8 Lighthouse Government 6AM-12AM Broadcasting House FM (101.5 Bajabure, Yola, .Adamawa MHz) state

9 Atlantic FM Government 6AM-12AM Nsukara Offot, Uyo LGA (104.5 MHz) Uyo, Akwa Ibom State

10 Gateway Government 6AM-12AM Enugu Onitsha Express Road FM Awka LGA, Anambra State (102.5MHz)

12 Rainbow Government 6AM-12AM Adjacent to Commissioners’ FM (101.5 Housing Estate MHz) Yenagoa, Bayelsa State

13 Harvest FM Government 6AM-12AM Km16, Makurdi Oturkpo Road, (102.5 MHz) Adjacent Abiam LGA, Benue State 14 Peace FM Government 6AM-12AM Damboa Road, Maiduguri, (102.5 MHz) Borno State

15 Paradise Government 6AM-12AM Effanga Mkpa, Calabar FM (99.5 Municipality, MHz) Cross River State

16 Charity FM Government Asaba, Delta State (104.4MHz) 6AM-12AM

17 Unity FM Government Broadcasting House, PMB Tel: (101.5MHz) 6AM-12AM 0137, 23443300710, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. 23443300711, 2348023118167, 2348037756378 18 Bronze FM Government Aduwawa, Ikpoba Hill, Along (101.5MHz) 6AM-12AM Auchi Road, Edo State

19 Progress Government Iworoko Village, Along Iworoko FM (100.5 6AM-12AM Road Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State MHz)

20 Coal City Government Enugu, Enugu State FM (92.85 6AM-12AM

106

MHz) 21 Jewel FM Government Gombe by-pass, Off Dukku (103.5MHz) 6AM-12AM Road Gombe

22 Heartland Government Broadcasting House, Tel: FM (100.5 6AM-12AM Azaraegbelu, Owerri North 2348036751782 MHz) LGA Imo State

23 Horizon FM Government Along Kujawa – Dutse Road (100.5 MHz) 6AM-12AM Near the Kujawa Housing Estate, Dutse Jigawa State 24 Supreme Government No 7 Yakubu Gowon Way Tel: FM (96.1 6AM-12AM Kaduna. 23462245390 MHz). Fax: : 23462245392 25 Pyramid FM Government 6AM-12AM Kano Madobi Road, Madobi (103.5 MHz) LGA, Kano State

26 Companion Government 6AM-12AM Along Katsina-Batsari Road, FM (104.5 Near Batsari LG Secretariat, MHz) Katsina State

27 Equity FM Government 6AM-12AM Along Birnin Kebbi/Kalgo LGA, (103.5 MHz) Birnin Kebbi

28 Prime FM Government 6AM-12AM Along Lokoja Ganaja Road (98.1 MHz) Lokoja, Kogi State

29 Harmony Government 6AM-12AM Along Ilorin Lokoja Highway, FM (103.5 Idofian, MHz) Kwara State

30 Solid FM Government 6AM-12AM Along Akurba Shendam Road (102.5 MHz) Lafia LGA, Nasarawa State 31 Precious Government 6AM-12AM Along Bida – Badegi Road, FM (105.5 Niger State MHz) 32 Paramount Government 6AM-12AM : Oke Mosan, Along Kobape Tel: FM (94.5 Road, 234803326799 MHz): PMB 2160, Abeokuta, 2348044130884 Ogun State 33 Positive FM Government 6AM-12AM Along Ondo-Akure Road, Oke (102.5 MHz) Isikan Information Village, Akure, Ondo State 34 Metro FM Government 6AM-12AM Broadcasting House, Tel: (92.93 Ikoyi, Lagos 234012690301/5 MHz): 35 Gold FM Government 6AM-12AM Off Iloko Road, By New Ilesha- (95.5 MHz) Akure Expressway, Ilesha, Osun State

36 Premier FM Government 6AM-12AM Oba Adebimpe Road, Dugbe, Tel:

107

(93.5 MHz): Ibadan. Oyo State 234022414093 Fax: 234022413930 37 Highland Government 6AM-12AM NTA TV College FM (101.5 Ray Field, Jos, Plateau State: MHz) 38 Treasure Government 6AM-12AM NTA Compound, Choba Road Tel: FM (98.5 Port Harcourt, River State 23484487029 MHz) 2348033384386

39 Royal FM Government 6AM-12AM Off Sokoto - Gusau Road (101.5 MHz) Premises of Sokoto River Basin Authority, Sokoto 40 Gift FM Government 6AM-12AM Jalingo GRA Bypass, Jalingo (104.5 MHz) Taraba State

41 Sunshine Government 6AM-12AM Within NTA Grounds, Along FM (104.5 Potiskum Road, MHz). Damaturu, Yobe State

42 Pride FM Government 6AM-12AM Within Federal College of (102.5 MHz) Education, Gusau, Zamfara State 43 Kapital FM Government 6AM-12AM Radio House, Garki, Abuja Tel: (92.9 MHz) 234092349962, Fax: 234098821040 44 Voice Of Government 24Hrs Headquarters, Tel: Nigeria 6th Floor, Radio House, 234092344016, (VON) Area 8, Garki, Abuja 23409234401 Fax: 234092346970, 234092346973

Federal Television Stations

Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Television Ownership Broadcast Address Telephone & Stations Hours Fax 1 National Government 24Hrs Headquarters Tel: Television Television House Area 11, 234092345907, Authority( Garki 234092345915 NTA) P.M.B. 13, Abuja Fax: 234092345914 2 NTA Plus Government 18Hrs Area 11, Garki Tel: Abuja 234092345919, 234092341820 3 NTA Government 18Hrs Tejuosho Avenue, Tel: Channel 10, Surulere, Lagos. 234014704647, Lagos 234014704241

4 NTA-2 Government 18Hrs Television House Ahmadu Channel 5, Bello Way Victoria Island, Lagos Lagos

108

5 NTA Government 18Hrs Television House, Ikot Ekpene Tel: Channel 6 Road, Ogbor Hill P.M.B. 7126, 23482220922, Aba Aba 23482220534, 23482220916, 23482220394, 23482220753, 234822201507 Fax: 23482220922 6 NTA Government 18Hrs Oke- Egunya P.M.B. Tel: Channel 12, 2190Abeokuta, Ogun State 23439242971, Abeokuta 23439240551

7 NTA Abuja Government 18Hrs Old Parade Ground Opposite Radio House, Area 10, Garki 8 NTA Akure Government 18Hrs Oba Ile Tel: P.M.B. 794, Akure, Ondo State 23434242439 9 NTA Bauchi Government 18Hrs Television House, Maiduguri Tel: Road P.M.B. 0146, Bauchi 23477542353, 23477542748 10 NTA Benin Government 18Hrs West Circular Road Tel: Zonal P.M.B. 1117, Benin City. Edo 23452253458 Network State. Centre

11 NTA Government 18Hrs Murtala Muhammed Highway Tel: Calabar 6 & P.M.B. 1299, Calabar 23487210238, 9: 23487210366 12 NTA Dutse Government 18Hrs : Jigawa State, Tel: Kiyowa Road, P.M.B. 7073, 23464721144, Dutse, Jigawa State. 23487721145 13 NTA Enugu Government 18Hrs Television House, Tel: Zonal Independence Layout P.M.B. 2344454902, Network 1530, Enugu 23442450626 Centre

14 NTA Ibadan Government 18Hrs P.O. Box 1460, Ibadan Tel: Zonal 234028104620 Network Fax: Center 234028108685

15 NTA Ilorin Government 18Hrs : P.M.B. 1478, Fate Road, Tel: Ilorin 23431224196 Fax: 23431221575 16 NTA Jos Government 18Hrs Yakubu Gowon Way Tel: P.M.B. 2134, Jos 23473462444, E-mail: 2347346343 [email protected] Fax: 23473462485 17 NTA Government 18Hrs No 7 Yakubu Gowon Way, Tel: Kaduna P.O. Box 1347, Kaduna 23462246011 Zonal 23462217376

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Network Centre

18 NTA Government 18Hrs Television House Tel: Channel 5 Bompai Road P.M.B. 3343, 23464640072 Kano: Kano 23462635492 19 NTA Government 18Hrs Television House Tel: Channel 8 Steel Rolling Mills Junction 23465432719 Katsina Dutsinma Road P.O. Box 23465430757 2177, Katsina 20 NTA Lokoja 18Hrs Mounti Patti Olu Owon Road, Tel: Government PMB1097, Lokoja 23458220986 21 NTA Zonal 18Hrs Damboa Road, P.M.B. 148 Tel: Network Government Maiduguri 23476232045 Centre 23476232177 Maiduguri 23476232010 22 NTA 18Hrs Ahmadu Bello Way, P.M.B. Tel: Makurdi Government 102044, Makurdi. Benue 23444533510 State. 23444533458 Fax: 23444533443 23 NTA Minna 18Hrs P.M.B. 79, Minna Tel: Government 23466222941 23466222552. Fax: 23466222552 24 NTA Port 18Hrs Choba Road, P.M.B. 5797, Tel: Harcourt Government Port Harcourt 23484332140 23484331811 25 NTA Zonal 18Hrs Garba Muhammed Road, Tel: Network Government P.M.B. 2351, Sokoto 23460233124 Centre 23460232868 Sokoto 23460238027

26 NTA Uyo 18Hrs Television House, Aka Etinan Tel: Government Road, P.M.B. 1180, Uyo 2348023061692 2348033761716 2348028389627 27 NTA Yola Government 18Hrs No. 43 Ahmadu Bello Way Tel: P.M.B. 2197, Yola 23475625401, 23475625480, 23475625329 Fax: 23475624749 28 NTA Jalingo 18Hrs Television House, Tel: Government Mount Jalingo P.M.B. 1102, 23479223111 Jalingo 29 NTA Gombe 18Hrs Kilometre 8, Bauchi Road, Tel: Government Gombe. 23472221329 30 NTA Government 18Hrs Damaturu, Yobe State Damaturu General Manager: Idris Bello 31 NTA 18Hrs Sani Abacha Way, Dutse Tel: Channel 10 Government P.M.B. 7073, Jigawa State 2346472144 Dutse 23464721145

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32 NTA Government 18Hrs Azikoro Road, Ekeki Yenagoa Tel: Yenagoa Bayelsa State 23489490584 2348036775041 33 NTA 18Hrs New State Secretariat, Tel: Oshogbo Government PMB 4315, Oshogbo 23490410706, 33 2348034544018 34 NTA Ile Ife 18Hrs Mokuro Road, off Moore Road Tel: Government Ile Ife 2348023283636 234833010251 35 NTA Oyo Government 18Hrs Apitipiti, GRA PMB 1107, Oyo Tel: 2348035709355 23438241955 36 NTA, Ijebu- 18Hrs Erunmu Road, GRA, Ijebu Tel: Ode Government Ode 23437432695 23437431403 2348034004551

37 NTA, Government 18Hrs Kilometre 123, Enugu-Port Umuahia Harcourt Expressway, Umuahia, Abia State 38 NTA, Government 18Hrs Abakiliki/Enugu Express Road, Tel: Abakaliki Ebonyi State. 2348037727438 2348033135474 39 NTA, Owerri Government 18Hrs No. 1, Bank Road, Tel: Owerri, Imo State 23483234214 (Administrative Office) New Owerri Road, near Concord Hotel. Owerri (Studio). 40 NTA Gusau Government 18Hrs Zaria Road, P.O. Box 1108, Tel: Samaru, Gusau 23463200 41 NTA Asaba Government 18Hrs TV House, Okpanam Road

42 NTA Ado- 18Hrs TV House, Bola Ige Drive, by Tel: Ekiti Government Iyin/Ilare Road, Oke-Ila, Ado 2348034703707 Ekiti 43 NTA Government 18Hrs Edo State Iruekpen

44 NTA, Saki 18Hrs P.O.Box 383, Oke Ado Tel: Government 2348033047537 45 NTA, Imeko 18Hrs Ogun State Tel: Government 2348023052469

46 NTA, Government 18Hrs PMB 3505, Oja Titun, Tel: Ogbomosho Ogbomosho 234803109229

47 NTA, Patigi Government 18Hrs Kwara State

48 NTA, New Government 18Hrs New Bussa, Niger State Bussa]

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State-owned Broadcasting Stations

(Radio) Radio Ownership Broadcast Address Telephone & Stations Hours Fax 1 Aso FM 18Hrs Katampe Hill Tel: Government P.O. Box 4941 234093140317 Garki, Abuja 234093140318 2 Broadcastin Government 18Hrs Broadcasting House, Tel: g New Station Layout P.M.B. 23488220411 Corporation 7276, Umuahia of Abia Abia State State Email:[email protected] o Website: : www.bcanigeria.com 3 Adamawa 18Hrs Broadcasting House Complex Tel: Broadcastin Government Hore Ladde Layout Mbamba, 23475634225 g P.M.B. 2123, Yola 234754709 Corporation 2347524781 Fax: 23475634781 4 Akwa Ibom Government 18Hrs No. 2, Udo Udoma Avenue Tel:: Broadcastin Road 23485200117 g P.M.B. 1122, Uyo 23485200197 Corporation 2348023061691 2348022243102 5 Anambra Government 18Hrs Enugu/Onitsha Express Road, Tel: Broadcastin P.M.B. 5070, Awka 23448550318 g Service Ugwuawovu Enugu-Ukwu 23448550185 (Radio) Njikoko LGA, Anambra State

6 Bauchi 18Hrs Broadcasting House, Tel: Radio Government Ahmadu Bello Way, Bauchi. 23477542278, Corporation 23477542099, 23477542429 7 Bayelsa 18Hrs Radio Bayelsa Tel: State Government P.M.B. 56, Ekeki, Yenagoa 23489490404 Broadcastin 23489490359 g Corporation

8 Benue 18Hrs P.M.B. 102202, Makurdi Tel: Radio Government 23444532900, 23444533275, 23444533978 9 Borno State Government 18Hrs Broadcasting House Tel: Radio Shehu Laminu Way 23476231485, P.M.B. 1020,Maiduguri 23476232046, 23476232127 10 Cross River . 18Hrs Broadcasting House, IBB Way, Tel: State Government P.M.B 1035, Calabar 23487232435, Broadcastin E-mail: [email protected] 23487232276,

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g 23487232227, Corporation 23487230396 Fax: 23487235102 11 Cross River Government 18Hrs Broadcasting House Tel: State Opposite Metro Hotel, Ikom 23487670193, Broadcastin 2348037213839 g Corporation: 12 Delta State Government 18Hrs Voice of Delta Broadcasting Tel: Broadcastin House Off Okpanam Road 23456282530-2: g Service P.M.B. 5032 Asaba, Delta Fax: (Asaba) State 2345682573

13 Melody FM Government 18Hrs P.M.B. 1026 Warri, Delta Tel: State 23453320283 14 Edo State Government 18Hrs Benin Auchi Road Tel: Broadcastin Aduwawa, P.M.B. 1012 Benin 23452255736, g Service City 23452253889 Fax: 23452253889 15 Broadcastin Government 18Hrs Okeyinmi Street, Ilokun Road, Tel: g Service of Old Ado L G Secretariat , 23430250264, Ekiti State P.M.B. 5342, Ado-Ekiti 23430250754, 23430250559

16 Enugu State Government 18Hrs Broadcasting House Tel: Broadcastin P.M.B. 01600, Enugu 23442454455, g Service 23443454456 (ESBS) 17 Ebonyi 18Hrs Ebonyi Television, Abakaliki Tel: Broadcastin C/o Ministry of Information and 23443220191 g Service Government Culture Government House (EBBS) Annex P.M.B. 098 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State 18 Gombe 18Hrs Broadcasting House Tel: Media Government Buhari Estate Road, GRA, 23472223226, Corporation P.M.B. 074, Gombe 23472222293, 23472220247 Fax: 23472222291 19 Imo 18Hrs Egbu Road P.M.B. 1129, Tel: Broadcastin Government Owerri, Imo State 23483232674, g E-mail: [email protected] 23483230263 Corporation (IBC)

20 Jigawa 18Hrs Broadcasting House Tel: State Radio Government Sani Abacha Way, Dutse 23464721058

21 Kaduna 18Hrs Broadcasting House Tel: State Media Government No 1.Wurno, Off Rabah Road, 23462319390, Services P.M.B. 2013, Kaduna 234629393

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Fax: 23462218392 22 Kano State Government 18Hrs No 3 Ibrahim Taiwo Rd, Kano. Tel: Radio 23464669306 Corporation Fax: 23464645927 23 Katsina Government 18Hrs Radio House, Ibadan Street, Tel: State Radio Sabon Layi, Katsina 23465431316 Service.

24 Kebbi Government 18Hrs KM 8, Kalgo Road Tel: Broadcastin P.M.B. 1059, Birnin Kebbi 23460322695, g 2348043115021 Corporation Fax: (Radio): 23460322695 25 Kogi 18Hrs 1, Danladi Zakari Road Tel: Broadcastin Government P.M.B. 1095 - GRA Lokoja 23458220672 g Corporation 26 Radio . 18Hrs Broadcasting House, Tel: Kwara Government Police Road, PMB1345, Ilorin 23431220352 234-31-220353 27 Lagos State Government 18Hrs LSDPC House Lateef Jakande Tel: Broadcastin Road Agidingbi, Ikeja, Lagos 234017740730 g 234014970849 Corporation 28 Nasarawa Government 18Hrs : State Secretariat Tel: Broadcastin Shendam Road, 2344721267 g Service P.M.B. 97 Lafia 2344721880

29 Niger Media Government 18Hrs Radio House: Ibrahim Tel: Broadcastin Babangida Street 23466220102 g P.M.B. 88, Minna. 23466222172 Corporation 23466222511 30 Crystal FM Government 18Hrs Broadcasting House, Tel: Minna Maitumbi, PMB 88, Minna, 23466220102 Niger State. 31 Ogun State . 18Hrs Ibara Housing Estate, Tel: Broadcastin Government Abeokuta PMB 2084 Sapon, 23439240441, g Abeokuta 23439242794 Corporation. E-mail: Fax: [email protected], 23439242794 [email protected] 32 Ondo State Government 18Hrs Broadcasting House Oba Ile Tel: Radiovision P.M.B. 739, Akure 23434242964 Corporation 23434241385

33 Osun State 18Hrs Ile Awiye Oke Baale Tel: Broadcastin Government P.M.B. 4425, Osogbo. Osun 23435240676 g State 23435242019 Corporation

34 Broadcastin 18Hrs P.M.B. 1, Agodi Post Office, Ile Tel: g Government Akede, Orita Bashorun, Ibadan 23402810660

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Corporation of Oyo State (BCOS) 35 Plateau Government 18Hrs No. 5, Joseph Gomwak Road Tel: Radio P.M.B. 2042, Jos 23473453285 Corporation 23473454035 23473465991 Fax: 23473453285 36 Taraba 18Hrs Broadcasting House 39, Barde Tel: State Government Way P.M.B. 1078, Jalingo 23479222504, Broadcastin 23479222555 g Service (TSBS) AM & FM) 37 Rivers State 18Hrs 4, Degema Street P.M.B. Tel: Broadcastin Government 5170, Port Harcourt. 23484232551 g 23484330246 Corporation 2348033085133

Private-Owned Broadcasting Stations

(Radio) Radio Ownership Broadcast Address Telephone & Stations Hours Fax 1. Cool FM Private 24 Hours Steam Broadcasting & Tel: (96.9MHz Communications Limited (Cool FM) FM), 234012623051/5 267A, Etim Inyang Crescent 4 Victoria Island, Lagos Fax: E-mail: [email protected] 234012610393 Website: www.steamgroup.us 234012614779 2 Cool FM Private 24 Hours STEAM Broadcasting Tel: (96.9 MHz AIM Plaza, Plot 592, 234092340075 FM) Independence Avenue, Fax: South City Centre, P.M.B. 51, 2340902340079 Abuja. E-mail: [email protected]

3. Private Glass House Tel: Independent Airport Road, Benin City. 23452252119 Radio ( 92.3 23452250242 MHz FM)

4. Jeremi Private No. 54, Effurun/Sapele Road Tel: Radio Eco Bank Building (5th Floor) 23453255932 (95.1 MHz Effurun-Uvwie LGA 23453255933 FM) Warri, Delta State Fax: Email: [email protected] 23453255932

5. Minaj Private Radio Vision Plaza, Tel: Systems Minaj Drive 23446486532

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Radio Mike Ajegbo Road 23446486528 (89.4 MHz Obosi, Anambra State 23446486849 FM) Email: [email protected]

6. Raypower I Private Daar Communications Ltd Tel: and II FM AIT Road, Ilapo Village 234012644814-7 (100.5MHzF Alagbado, Fax: M) Lagos 234012644817

7. Raypower I Private Daar Communications Ltd Tel: (100.5 AIT Drive, Kpaduma Hill 234092347572 MHz) Asokoro District, Abuja Fax: 234092347242

8. Private Silverbird Communications Tel: Rhythm Limited, 10 Force Avenue, By 23484574111 93.7 FM Govt. House Drive 2348033104600 Old GRA, Port Harcourt Email: [email protected]

9. Rhythm Private Silverbird Communications Ltd Tel: 93.7 FM 17A, Commercial Avenue 234017740511 Yaba. Lagos 234017740510/4

10 Rhythm Private Hilltop, Karu. Tel: 94.7 FM Abuja. 234092348556 Email: [email protected]

11. Star FM (Murhi International) Tel: 101.5 MITV Plaza 234014972846, Obafemi Awolowo Way 234014972847 Alausa Secretariat, Ikeja, Fax: Lagos 234014931272 234014926209

12. Nagarta Private Kaduna-Zaria Express way Tel. Radio Katabu-Mararaban Jos, 234062371508 (747KHZ) Kaduna. Email: [email protected] 13. Crowther Private No. 26, Tamale Street Tel: Communica By Mathematical Centre 234095241504 tions (FM) Wuse Zone 3, Abuja 2340952341505 (104.5 MHz 234093140862 FM) 2348044181456

14. Brilla FM Private Eleganza 634 Adeyemo Tel: (Sports) Alakija House 234- (88.9 MHz Victoria Island, Lagos 8022906278, FM) 2348022906279 Fax: 234014923077 15. UNILAG Private University of Lagos Tel: FM Akoka, Lagos 234014932663

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(Academic) 234017741872

16. 6. Ceuna Private Plot 18, Pocket Estate Tel: Communica Independence Layout, Enugu. 23442300219 tions. (Cosmo FM) (105.5 MHz) 17. Freedom Private Plot 33, Sarki Dikko, Tel: Radio Off Ibrahim Sani Abacha 23464660565. (99.5MHz Road, FM) Gyadi-Gyadi, Kano

Source: National Broadcasting Commission, 2007 Table 28. Privately owned television stations

Private Broadcasting Stations

(Television) 1 Murhi International Private 24Hrs M.I.T.V Plaza Tel: Television Obafemi Awolowo Way, Alausa 234014922241 Secretariat 234015557102/7 Opposite NEPA Lagos Zonal Fax: Headquarters 234014926209 Ikeja, Lagos 2 Universal Private 24Hrs Lagos Super Screen Tel: Broadcasting CITI Trust Plaza 234012635631 Services Limited 9/11 Catholic Street, 234012645380 Lagos 234012664165 3 Channels Television Private 24Hrs 376, Ikorodu Road, Maryland, Tel: Lagos 234014934298 E-mail: [email protected] 234012881825 Fax: 234012881825 4 Channels Television Private 24Hrs . C/o MG Communications Wuse zone1, Abuja E-mail: [email protected] 5 Desmims Private 24Hrs Sheik Ibrahim Arab Tel: Independent Broadcasting House 23462241701 No. 4A, Sokoto Road, GRA, Kaduna Television 23462245055 6 Galaxy Television Private 8Hrs Television House, POBOX Tel: 37321 Dugbe, Ibadan. Oyo 234022410897 State 234022410899 E-mail: [email protected] 234022414701 2348042105457 2348056542079 7 Galaxy Television Private 24Hrs 25 Community Road, Off Bamishile Road, Off Allen 234-1-5557511-2 Avenue, Ikeja Lagos E-mail:[email protected].

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8 Degue Broadcasting Private 24Hrs Network (DBN-TV) Tel: No. 65, Awolowo Road 234012690051 P.O. Box 51162, Ikoyi, Lagos 234017740289 9 Independent Private 12Hrs Glass House,Airport Road, Tel: Television P.M.B. 1703, Benin City 23452250242 23452252119 23452602727 23452602565 Fax: 23452251881 23452251504 10 Minaj Broadcast Private 24Hrs 130/132 Ladipo Street Tel: International Matori, Mushin, Lagos 234014528499 234014529203/4 11 Minaj Broadcast Private 24Hrs Minaj Radiovision Plaza Tel: International Minaj Drive, P. O. Box 494, 23446486532 Obosi 23446486528 23446486849 12 Africa Independent Private 24Hrs Communication Village Tel: Television (AIT) Ray Power Drive 234012644814 Ilapo Village 234014974749 Alagbado, Lagos 13 Africa Independent Private 24Hrs . Daar Communications Ltd Tel: Television (AIT) AIT Drive, Kpaduma Hill, 234092347572 Asokoro District Fax: Abuja 234092347242

Direct To Home Television(DTH)

Satellite Re-Transmission Station

Cables Stations (Using M.M.D.S. Channels) 1 Multichoice Nigeria Private 24Hrs 1379 Tiamiyu Salvage Street, Tel: Limited Victoria Island, Lagos 234017740147 Email: 234012622133 [email protected] Fax: .za 234012610360 Website: www.multichice.co.za 234012619429 2 Trend TV Ltd Private 24Hrs CTL Emporium Tel: Plot 57, Woji Road, G.R.A. II, 23484461361/90 Port Harcourt 2348055235908 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: Website: www.trendtv.tv 23484231691 3 Frontage Television Private 24Hrs No. 192B, Jide Oki Street, Off Tel: Ajose Adeogun Street, 234012701440 Victoria Island, Lagos 4 MG Communication Private 24Hrs Gidan Abbas MG Tel: Systems Limited No. 12, Sultan Road 23462237729 P.M.B. 2235, Kaduna 23401237732 23401237735 23401237735 5 MG Communication Private 24Hrs Giginya Hotel Tel: Systems Limited Western Bypass, Sokoto. 23460231670 23460231253

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23460231455 6 MG Communication Private 24Hrs Beside NUJ Secretariat Tel: Systems Limited Sokoto Road, Gusau 23460201694 7 Disc Engineering Private 24Hrs Alhaji Lateef Jakande Road Tel: Limited Agidingbi, Ikeja, Lagos 234014932641/6 P.O. Box 52669, Falomo, 234014923696 Lagos 8 Transmit Network Private 24Hrs C/o Disc Engineering Tel: Limited Agidingbi, Ikeja, 234013453090 Lagos Fax: 234014923696 9 Delta Private 24Hrs No. 143, Ibrahim Taiwo Road Tel: Telecommunications P.O. Box 4560, Ilorin, Kwara 23431222251 & Electrical Services State Fax: Limited 23431223389 10 Worldlink Network Private 24Hrs Wing B, Ground Floor, ORC Tel: Limited House No. 80, Effurun/Sapele 23453251973, Road 23480372288442 Effurun, Warri, Delta State 348024315148 Fax: 234-53 25193 11 Modern Private 24Hrs 45, Tenant Road, Aba Tel: Communications Email:[email protected] 23482231564 Limited 23482227128 23482227128 Fax: 23482233667 12 Communication Private 24Hrs CTL House, 206/208, Aba Tel: Trends Nigeria Express way. 23484237808 Limited (CTL. TV) P.O. Box 6100, 23484236754 Port Harcourt Fax: Email:comtrends@supernet300 23484237809: .com 13 Communication Private 24Hrs Don Etiebet House, Maryland, Tel: Trends Nigeria Lagos 234014976493 Limited Email: 234014976500 [email protected] 14 Communication Private 24Hrs 55 Brooks Street, Uyo. Tel:: Trends Nigeria E-mail: 23485201838, Limited [email protected] 2348023147129 Website: www.supernet300.com 15 Communication Private 24Hrs 6th Floor, Broking House 1, Trends Nigeria Jimoh Odutola Road, Dugbe Limited Ibadan E mail: [email protected] 16 Communication Private 24Hrs 2C Aba Road, Umuahia Tel: Trends Nigeria Abia State 23488223416 Limited E-mail: [email protected] 17 Communication Private 24Hrs 4, Oguta Road, Onitsha, Tel: Trends Nigeria Anambra State 23446214829 Limited E-mail: [email protected]

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18 Communication Private 24Hrs 50, Zik Avenue, Uwani, Enugu Tel: Trends Nigeria E-mail: 23442259696 Limited [email protected] 19 Communication Private 30 Wetheral Road, Tel: Trends Nigeria 24Hrs Owerri 23483230613 Limited E-mail: [email protected] 20 Communication Private 24Hrs Warri, Delta State Tel: Trends Nigeria E-mail: 2348033481715 Limited [email protected] 21 Communication Private Sakponba Road, Trends Nigeria Benin city Limited E-mail: [email protected] 22 West-Midlands Private 24Hrs Providence House Tel: Communication 6, Beckley Street 234028104268, Off Adeyi Avenue 234028012206 Old Bodija Estate, Dugbe, Ibadan 23 Bauchi Private 24Hrs No. 1, Hospital Road P.O. Box Tel: Satellite/Cable 566, Bauchi State 23477543301 Limited Fax: 23477521363

24 IBW Cable/Satellite Private 24Hrs Glass House Tel: Airport Road, Benin City 23452602700 23452602727

25 Hash-Tronics Private 24Hrs No. 2, Tamandu Road Tel: Satellite Off Audu Bako Way 23464633814 Communications P.O. Box 1019, Kano Limited

26 ABG Private 24Hrs ABG Avenue, Road D3 Tel: Communications Ungwan Muazu 23462235946 Limited P.O. Box 502, Kaduna 23462235948 E-mail: [email protected] 23462237679 23462235385 234622325501 Fax: 23462235950

27 ABG Private 24Hrs 10, Rwang Pam, Jos, Plateau Tel: Communications State 23473459076 Limited

28 ABG Private 24Hrs No. 1 Baga Road Communications Opposite NEPA Office, Limited Maiduguri

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29 ABG Private 24Hrs Transmitting Site Tel: Communications Yola International Hotel Office 23475625635 Limited No. 107 Atiku Abubakar Road Jimeta, Yola

30 ABG Private 24Hrs Bompai Road, Kano Tel: Communications E-mail: [email protected] 23464636421 Limited Fax: 23464647078

31 ABG Private 24Hrs IBB Way, Katsina Tel: Communications 23465434843 Limited

32 Minaj Cable Network Private 24Hrs 45 Aguleri Street Tel: Independence Layout, Enugu 23442459085

33 Bauchi Satellite Private 24Hrs No. 1, Hospital Road Tel: Cable Limited P.O. Box 566 23477543301 Bauchi State

34 Multimesh Private 24Hrs 1 Cable Mission Television Tel: Communication Network (CMTV) 23484232466 Limited 202 Aba Road 23484232467 P.O. Box 6477, Port Harcourt 2348032034028 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: Web 23484230849 site:http://www.multimeshc.com

35 Entertainment Cable Private 24Hrs C/o DISC Engineering Ltd Tel: Television Alhaji Lateef Jakande Road 234013453090 Agidingbi, Ikeja, Lagos 234014976500

36 Ebonyi Cable Private 24Hrs Television House Tel: Television (ECTV) Nsugbe Hills, Abakaliki 23443220784 23443221683

37 Digital Entertainment Private 24Hrs State Housing Post Office 1 Tel: Television (DET Broadcast Plaza, Akin Close, 23487236703 Cable TV) State Housing Estate Fax: P.O. Box 1234, Calabar 23487236771 E-mail: eenodet.bell atlantic.net,

38 Savannah Cable Private 24Hrs No. 2, New Market Road P.O. Tel: Communication Ltd Box 1552, Gombe 23472223514 2347222375

Direct Satellite Stations (DBS)

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1 AFRICAN Private 24Hrs Communication Village Tel: INDEPENDENT Ray Power 100 Drive 234012644814 TELEVISION(AIT) Ilapo Village, Alagbado, Lagos 234014974749 23401264418

2 MINAJ BROADCAST Private 24Hrs 130/132 Ladipo Street Tel: INTERNATIONAL Matori – Mushin, Lagos 234014528499 234014529203/4 4

Source: National Broadcasting Commission, 2007

2.3.2. Telecommunication services

The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) is the regulatory authority for the telecommunications industry in Nigeria. Its major role is to facilitate private sector participation in communication services delivery, co-ordinate and regulate activities of the operators to ensure consistency in availability of service delivery and fair pricing (NCC, 2007). The telecommunications industry is characterised by a mix of fixed, wireless and mobile telephones. Community telephony also features in the industry. Mobile telephone services started in Nigeria in 1993 with a national service operated by NITEL and a smaller Lagos service operated by Mobile Telecommunications Services (MTS). The current major players providing mobile telephone services in the country are MTN Nigeria Communication Limited, Celtel Nigeria, Mobile Telecommunications Limited and Glo Mobile Limited.

Since its inception the growth of the telecommunications market in Nigeria has being at geometric rates, thereby sustaining the market as one of the fastest growing telecommunications market s globally. From about 2.3 million lines at the end of 2002, the number of connected telephone lines increased to about 4.04 million at the end of 2003 and 10.20 million in 2004. This represents an average annual growth rate of about 115% between 2002 and 2004. By December in 2006, it was 34 million (Table 32). Equally, the usage and penetration of Internet services witnessed commensurate growth. Internet users increased from less than half a million in 2002 to about 1.6 million in 2003 to 1.8 million in 2004, representing increase in penetration rates from 0.3 in 2002 to 1.3 in 2003 to 1.4 in 2004 (NCC, 2007). These users are serviced by several Internet service providers at cybercafés located in mostly urban areas (Table 31)

The market growth of the telecommunications market in Nigeria has been sustained essentially by a number of factors, primary amongst which has been the continued cooperation of the Federal Government of Nigeria with the Board of the Nigerian Communications Commission in ensuring virile competition among the operators (see Table 29) through transparent, fair and firm policy and regulatory actions. Through the regulatory decisions taken in 2002, the increase in the number of active players in the industry gave impetus to increased competition in service provision, resulting in higher value-for-money to the end users, without compromising the return on investment to the operators (NCC, 2007).

The potentials of the telecommunications industry are enormous in Nigeria. For instance, the potentials of handsets in providing agricultural and market information to farmers and other end-users have been explored in programmes such as ICS- Nigeria, Nigeria Agricultural Market Information Service (NAMIS), Cassava

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Enterprise Development Programme (CEDP) and Promoting Sustainable Agriculture in Borno State (PROSAB).

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Table 29. Telephone and mobile service providers in Nigeria

Digital Mobile Name Address Cost of 3 No. of Coverage Min local individual call subscribers MTN Nigeria Churchgate N126 12,281,000 Country-wide Communications Towers, 30, (€0.72) Ltd Afribank Street, V/I, Lagos Celtel Nigeria Plot 1678, N118.50 (€ Not Available Country-wide Limited Olakunle Bakare 0.68) Close, Off Sanusi (peak) Fafunwa Street, N70.20 Victoria Island, (€0.41) Lagos (Off-Peak) Mobile No. 3, M-Tel Not Available Country-wide Telecommunications Street, Wuse II, Limited (Formerly Abuja. NITEL Limited)

Glo Mobile Limited 1, Mike Adenuga N126 9,000,000 Country-wide (Formerly Globacom Close, Victoria (€0.72) Limited) Island, Lagos

Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) XS Braodband Ltd 22 Idowu Taylor Cross River, (Formerly UBA Street, Victoria Rivers, Delta, Capital & Trust Ltd) Island, Lagos. Ebonyi, Imo, Lagos, Ekiti, Osun, Kaduna, Abuja, Kogi, Kwara, Niger, Gombe, Bauchi, Borno, Adamawa, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara, Jigawa, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto Startech Connection Rivers State Kaduna, Kano, Ltd Office Building Plateau, Abuja, (Ground Floor), Nasarawa Plot 83, Ralph Shodeinde Street, Central Area, Abuja. Rainbownet Ltd Plot 4, Pocket Abia, Anambra,

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Estate, Ebonyi, Imo Independence Layout, Enugu Odua Telecoms Ltd 12th and 13th Ekiti, Ondo, (Formerly Odua Floor, Cocoa Osun, Ogun, Investment House Complex, Oyo Company Ltd) Oba Adebimpe Road, Dugbe, Ibadan. Musty Digital & Jigawa, Niger Security System Ltd Cyberspace Ltd 1, Ologun Agbaje Delta, Lagos Street, Victoria Island, Lagos IPNX Nigerian Ltd 4, Balarabe Bayelsa, Abuja Musa Street, Victoria Island, Lagos Wideways Nigeria 2nd Floor, Enugu Ltd Bookshop House, 50/52 Broad Street, CMS, Lagos. Modern Telecom Ltd 21 Ologun Rivers Agbaje Street, P.O. Box 70861, Victoria Island, Lagos Mega Tech 14C Durbin Kano Engineering Ltd Katsina Road, Bompai, Kano Megatech Telkoms 13 Alhaji Kanike Akwa Ibom, Ltd (Formerly Close, Off Plateau, Kano Megatecch Software Awolowo Road, Ltd) SW Ikoyi, Lagos Gold-Jay 2 & 4, Bauchi Edo Enterprises Ltd, Road, Apapa, Lagos. Choffan 228, Muri Anambra Communications Ltd Okunola Street, Victoria Island, Lagos. BIG Addis Ababa Benue Communications Ltd Crescent, Wuse Zone 4, Abuja Global Plot 26 Admiral Bayelsa Communications Way, Lekki Network Ltd Phase 1, Victoria Island, Lagos Prime Global Suit D6, Zuma Akwa Ibom Services Ltd Hall, Plot 602 Ndola Square, Off Michael Street, Wuse

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Zone 5, Abuja Sirius Wireless Ltd 18 Keffi Street, Rivers Ikoyi, Lagos African 10 Balarabe Nassarawa Telecommunications Musa Crescent, Network Ltd Victoria Island, Lagos. Bentel Networks Ltd Benue Horizon Kano Foundation Kano Broadcasting & Building, 15 BUK Telecommunications Road, Kano Ltd North West 8 Louis Solomon Lagos Communications Ltd Close, Victoria Island, Lagos. Swift Networks Ltd 8b, Fabac Close, Lagos (Formerly Izaga Off Ligali Networks Ltd) Ayorinde Avenue, Victoria Island, Lagos Starcomms Limited Plot 1261c, 600,000 Lagos , Bishop Kale Ibadan,Port Close, Off Saka Harcourt, Abuja Tinubu Street, V/I, Lagos Prest Cable & 57, Airport Road, Edo Satellite TV Benin City Systems Limited, Multi-Links 231, Adeola Lagos , Telecommunications Odeku Street, Ibadan,Port Limited Victoria Island, Harcourt, Abuja Multi-Links Lagos Telecoms, Giselle Wireless 27, Durban Limited Street, Wuse II, Abuja Source: NCC, 2007

2.3.3. Computers and the Internet The liberalisation and privatization of the telecommunication industry in Nigeria with its attendant increase in the number of fixed and mobile lines has made the use of computers in the country more prevalent in different sectors of the economy. The World Bank (2002) reported that Nigeria had on the average 7.1 computers to 1000 persons. This is about average for sub-Saharan Africa except South Africa. Generally, the number of Internet users has steadily increased from 107,194, 153,350 and 420,000 in 2000, 2001 and 2002 respectively to 1,613,258 and 1,769,661 in 2003 and 2004 respectively (NCC, 2006). A majority of these users access the Internet at cyber cafes made available through Internet service providers located at various parts of urban Nigeria.

Computers are used in Nigeria in educational institutions for instruction as well as easy access to updated information, in the travel industry for monitoring travel schedules and bookings as well as governmental agencies and non-governmental

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organisations for general administrative purposes. Financial institutions are also actively involved in e-banking through the use of computers and Internet services.

Table 30. Computer and internet availability and cost data

Number of computers per 1000 7.1 Number of Internet Subscribers 1,769,661 Cost of 10 hours dial-up Internet per Celtel month Globacom = N7000 (€39.89) MTN =60k per kilobyte (€0.34) Stacomms = N4,650 (€26.57) Multilinks =N10,000/month (€57.14) O’Net = N15,000/month (€85.71) Cost of ADSL/month N5250/month (€30) for 2or 3 systems N10500/month (€60) for more than 3 systems Name of Internet service providers See Table 31

Source: CTA Information Needs Survey, 2008

Table 31. Internet service providers in Nigeria

S/N Name of provider Address & website Telephone and fax 1. 21st Century Technologies Plot 249A Muri Okunola Street, Tel: Limited Victoria Island Annex, Lagos. 234012621195 website: http://www.21ctl.com 234014708888 234014709696 Fax: 234012621194 2. Accelon Nigeria Limited FABAC Centre Tel: 3B Ligali Ayorinde Street 234012709000 Victoria Island Fax: Lagos. 234012705781 website: www.accelonafrica.com 3. Adesemi Nigeria Ltd Website: iccsphere.com 4. Africa Online Nigeria Ltd 220 Herbert Macaulay Way, Yaba, Lagos 5. Cobranet Limited Plot 8, Rafiyu Babatunde Tinubu, Off Admiral Way, Lekki Peninsula, Lagos Website: cobranet.org 6. Cyberspace Limited 12 Ologun Agbaje, Victoria Island, Lagos www.cyberspace.net.ng 7. Direct On PC Plot B, Block 1 Tel: Ilupeju Industrial Estate 234012701700 Ilupeju Lagos, Nigeria Fax: (Near Zenith Bank) 234014930958 website: http://www.directonpc.com 8. Electronic Connections limited 8A Race Course Road, Kano, Tel: Nigeria 234064640693/94/95 Email: [email protected] 234064640695 Website: http://www.ecnx.net/ 234064641815

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9. Fairlawn Technologies Ltd Crusader House, 12th Floor, 16a Commercial Avenue Sabo, Yaba, Lagos Website: www. Wavecircuit.com 10. Galaxy Information Abuja Head office Tel: Technology and 22 Adetokumbo Ademola Crescent 234095233897 Telecommunications Limited Wuse II 234095235044 Abuja - Nigeria email: [email protected] websitehttp://www.galaxyitt.com 11. General Data Engineering Bodija, Ibadan Tel/Fax: Services Limited (SKANNET) Website: www.skannet.com 234028105156 12. GS Telecom Nigeria Limited 46, Saka Tinubu Street, Victoria island, Lagos Website: www.gstelecom.net 13. Hyperia Plot 1684, Tel: 234012620726 Sanusi Fafunwa Street, Victoria Island, Lagos website:http://www.hyperia.com 14. Inet Global Services Ltd. 2, Ali Akilu (Ladon House) Tel: Kaduna, Kaduna State. 23462243002 E-mail:[email protected] 234-62-218795 website:http://www.inet-global.com

15. InfoWeb Limited NCWS House (1st Floor), Tel/Fax: PC 14 Ahmed Onibudo Street, 234012623474 Victoria Island 234012624256/57 P.O. Box 54777, Falomo, Ikoyi, Lagos Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] http://www.infoweb.com.ng 16. Integrated Telekom & 62a Opebi Road (2nd floor), Ikeja, Tel: Networks Limited Lagos 234017603265 e-mail: [email protected] 234017612961 website: http://www.itelekom.net 234018755477 234018901412

17. International Technology 4c Okorodo St. Behind NITEL, Tel/Fax: Marketing Associates Garrison, D/Line P.O. Box 11874 . 23484232266 . Port 2348033091447 Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria Email: [email protected] 18. Internet Solutions Nigeria Suite 17, Eko Hotel Complex, 1, Limited Ajose Adeogun, Victoria Island, Lagos www.nova.net.com 19. IPNX Nigeria Limited No. 4, Balarabe Musa Crescent Tel: Victoria Island Lagos 234014619943/6 website: http://www.ipnxnigeria.net Fax: 234012614633

20. IT Networks Limited 3RD Floor, Isoken Plaza Tel: 3, Warri-Sapele Road, 2348033415006

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Enerhen Junction, Delta State 2348033214932 Email: [email protected] 2348037081757 21. Laro Wireless c/o Laro 61-63 Old Aba Road Port Harcourt , Computers Limited Rivers State, Nigeria

22. Linkserve Limited Plot 308 Adeola Odeku Street Tel: Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria 234012623900 Email: [email protected] Fax: URL: http://www.linkserve.net 234012623906 23. Megatech Networks 147b, Murtala Mohd. Way, Tel. P.O Box 12178, Kano 234064200200 website:http://www.megatechnet.com 234064200201 234064200202. 2348036079235 24. Netcom 6/F South Atlantic Petroleum Towers Tel: 7, Adeola Odeku Street 234012718888 Victoria Island, Lagos Nigeria 234014611234 website: http://www.netcomng.com/ 234012718890 Fax: 234014611235 25. Nigeria Net 5, Idowu Taylor Street, Victoria Island, Lagos Website: nigerianet.com 26. Nigeria On-Line Limited Stallion house (13th floor) Tel: 2, Ajose Adeogun Street 234012624823 Victoria Island, Lagos. 234012625075 website: http://www.nigol.net.ng 234017742322 Fax 234012624807 27. Nigerian Telecommunications 2 Bissau Street Tel: Limited (NITEL) Off Herbert Macaulay Way 234095233031 Wuse Zone 6 234095234554 Abuja e-mail: [email protected] 28. One World Communications 48, Sobo Arobiodu Street, GRA, Ltd Ikeja Website: oneworldng.com 29. Pinet Informatics Ltd 5th Floor, Buffalo House Tel: 2 Allen Avenue, Ikeja, Lagos 234014707355, website: http://www.pinet.com.ng 234017949159 Fax: 234014707355 30. Rainbownet Limited Plot 4 Ebeano Estate Tel:23442300304/7 Independence Layout, Enugu, Nigeria. Website: http://www.rbow.net

31. Roseccom Nigeria Limited Plot 138B,Adetokunbo Ademola Tel: Crescent Wuse II, 234094131845 P.O Box 73266, Abuja Fax: email: [email protected] 234094131845 Website: http://www.rosecom.net 32. SignOnAfrica Communications 77b Evo Road, GRA II, 169, Aba

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Ltd Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Website: gxc24.com 33. Siotel Limited 5a Karimu Kotun Street, Victoria Tel: Island, Lagos. 234014617679/82 5a Karimu Kotun Street, Victoria 234014617679/82 Island, Lagos. website: http://www.siotel.com 34. Stallionet Plot 14, C-Line, Ubium Street Tel: Ewet Housing Estate, Uyo 234 085203802 Akwa Ibom State 234085203070 Email: [email protected] 234085203180

35. Steineng Limited 14, Kudeti Avenue, Ibadan Website: www.steineng.com 36. Swift Networks Limited 31B Saka Tinubu Street Tel. Victoria Island 234012700198/9 Lagos, Fax Website: http://www.swiftng.com/ 234012700197

37. Tara Systems Ltd 6 Broad Street, Lagos Website: www.metrong.com 38. VSAT Nigeria http://www.jidaw.com/vsat.html 39. Web Access Resources Suite A10 Falomo Shopping Limited Complex, Awolowo Road, Ikoyi, Lagos Website: webaccessng.com 40. Webcom Limited 58, Toyin Street, Ikeja, Lagos, Tel/Fax: Nigeria 234014966562 E-mail: [email protected] 234014970473 [email protected] 2348033045670 website : http://www.webcomng.com 2348033265489 2348033265488 2348023418045 2348023002550 41. Webonian Nigeria Limited 73 Ogunu Road, Warri, Delta State www.webonian.com 42. World Web Limited 11, Ali Akilu Road, Tel: Opposite Challenge Bookshop, 23464234210 P. O. Box 2162, 23464238464 Kaduna 23464238357 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: website: http://www.wwlkad.com 23464238357 Source: Internet Service Providers Association of Nigeria (ISPAN), 2007, www.ispan.org.ng/members.htm of 21/09/07; www.jidaw.com/isp.html of 21/09/07

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Table 32. Total connected lines and teledensity 2001-Jan 2007

OP Dec 01 Dec 02 Dec 03 Dec 04 Dec 05 Dec 06 Dec 07 FD 600,321 702,000 872,473 1,027,519 1,223,258 1,687, 1,704,722 972 MB 266,461 1,569,050 3,149,472 9,174,209 18,587,000 32,322, 33,603,761 202 Tot 866,782 2,271,050 4,021,945 10,201,728 19,810,258 34,010, 35,308,483 174 TD 0.73 1.89 3.35 8.50 15.72 24.29 25.22 Source: NCC, 2007, www.ncc.gov.ng/index2_e.htm

Key OP = Operator TD = Teledensity FD = Fixed MB = Mobile Tot = Total

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ANNEX 3. PROFILE OF INSTITUTIONS

Annex 3.1. List of Institutions in the agricultural sector

Governmental agricultural/rural development institutions/organisations

1 Name: Federal Ministry of Agriculture And Rural GOV PP Development (FMA&RD) Postal Address: Federal. Capital Territory Office Complex Block A, Area 11 (Eleven) P.M.B. 135, Garki, Abuja, FCT Tel: 23409231931 Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.ministryofagric.gov.ng 2 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and natural Resources, State Secretariat, Umuahia, Abia State Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website: 3 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, State Secretariat, Yola, Adamawa State Tel: 23407524721 Fax: E-Mail Website 4 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 22 Oron Road, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Tel:234085201762 Fax: E-Mail Website:www.akwaibomstategov.com/ministry_agric.ht ml 5 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Ukwa. Anambra State Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 6 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Bauchi, Bauchi State Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 7 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Yenagoa, Balyesa State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website

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8 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Makurdi, Benue State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 9 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Maiduguri, Borno State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 10 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Murtala Mohammed Way, Calabar, Cross River State Tel: 234087220209 Fax: E-Mail Website 12 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Asaba, Delta Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 13 Name: Ministry of Agriculture. & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 14 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Benin City, Edo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 15 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 16 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Enugu, Enugu State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 17 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Poster Address: Secretariat Complex, Abuja. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website

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18 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Gombe, Gombe State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 19 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Imo State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Okigwe Road, Owerri, Imo State Tel:234083230295 Fax: E-Mail Website: www.imostate.gov.ng/ministries.html 20 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Dutse, Jigawa State Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 21 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Control Service, Mando Road,, Kaduna, Kaduna State. Tel: 234062215959 Fax: E-Mail Website 22 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Maigatan Road,, Kano, Kano State Tel: 064650186 Fax: E-Mail Website 23 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Nagogo Road, Katsina, Kastina State Tel: 23406530001 Fax: E-Mail Website 24 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex Birni – Kebbi, Kebbi State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 25 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Lokoja, Kogi State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website

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26 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jebba Road, Ilorin, Kwara State Tel: 234031221760 Fax: E-Mail Website 27 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperative (MAC) GOV PP Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, State Secretariat, Alausa, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23401901500 Fax: E-Mail Website: www.lagosstate.gov.ng/ministryofagric 28 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Lafia, Nasarawa State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 29 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mamman Kantagora Road, Minna, Niger State Tel:234066221226 Fax: E-Mail Website 30 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ibadan Road, Kolopo, P.M.B. 2148, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Tel:234039231041 Fax: E-Mail Website: www.ogunstate.gov.ng.ministry_agriculture.htm 31 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Ondo, Ondo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website: www.ondostategovernment.com/minagricutlture.html 32 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Osogbo, Osun State Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 33 Name: Ministry Of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, State Secretariat, Ibadan, Oyo State. Tel: 23402240010 Fax: E-Mail Website

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34 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.M.B. 2702, Jos. Plateau State. Tel: 23407852405 Fax: E-Mail Website 35 Name: Ministry of Agriculture& Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 15/17 Emenike St., Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Tel: 234084300270 Fax: E-Mail Website 36 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Sokoto, Sokoto State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 37 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Jalingo, Taraba State Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 38 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources GOV PP (MANR) Postal Address State Secretariat Complex, Damaturu, Yobe State Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 39 Name: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR) Postal Address: Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.M.B. 2109, Sokoto, Sokoto State Tel: 234060200013 Fax: Email: Website: 40 Name: Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development GOV PP (MA&RD) Postal Address: State Secretariat Complex, Gusau, Zamfara State Tel: Fax: E-Mail Website 41 Name: Abia State Agricultural Development Programme GOV EX ( ASADEP) Postal Address: Km. 3, Umuahia-Okigwe Road, P.M.B 7235, Umuahia, Abia State. Tel: 234088220466, 234088-222899, 234088222295 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website:

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42 Name: Adamawa State Agricultural Development. GOV EX Programme, ( ASADEP) Postal Address: 77 Lamido Road, P.O. Box 956, Yola, Adamawa State Tel: 234076634123, 234076634907 Fax: E-Mail Website: 43 Name: Akwa-Ibom State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, Postal Address:122 Uyo Unamah Street, P.M.B. 1089, Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State Tel: 234085203262, 2348023050526, 23408561234 Fax: E-Mail Website: 44 Name: Anambra State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: P.M.B. 5051 Onitsha Road, Awka, Anambra State Tel: 234048554391, Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 45 Name: Bauchi State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme ( BSADEP) Postal Address: Gidan Gona, Dass Road, P.M.B. 080 Bauchi, Bauchi State Tel: 234077543403, 234077542670, 234077543532

Fax: E-Mail: Website: 46 Name: Bauchi Cooperative Financing Agency (BCFA) GOV EX Postal Address: 125 Ahmed Abdul Kadir Way, P.M.B. 125, Bauchi, Bauchi State Tel: 234077543185, 234077542646, 234077543532. Fax: E-Mail: Website: 47 Name: Bayelsa State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: P.M.B. 34, Yenagoa Tel: 234089490373 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 48 Name: Benue Agricultural Development Authority GOV EX (BNARDA), Postal Address: P.M.B. 102125, Makurdi, Benue State Tel: 234044523293 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 49 Name: Borno State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, Postal Address: 2 Shehu Laminu Way, P.M.B. 1452, Maduguri, Borno State Tel: 234076233857 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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50 Name: Cross River State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme ( CRSADEP) Postal Address: IBB Way, Opp. Calabar International Airport, P.M.B.1178, Calabar, Cross River State Tel: 234087220751, 234087233211, 234087223095, 234087220597, 234087223094 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 51 Name: Delta State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, (DSADEP) Postal Address: Ibusa-Asaba Road, P.M.B.1006, Ibusa, Delta State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 52 Name: Ebonyi State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, ( ESADEP) Postal Address: Onuebonyi, Km 8 Abakaliki-Ogoja Highway, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Tel: 234043221904 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 53 Name: Edo State Agricultural Development Programme, GOV EX (ESADP) Postal Address: Oko Village, Ogba Road, P.M.B. 1698, Benin City, Edo State Tel: 234052450382, 2348034036512 Fax: E-Mail Website: 54 Name: Ekiti State Agricultural Development Programme, GOV EX ( ESADEP) Postal Address: Km. 32 Omuo Road, P.M.B.5016, Ikole-Ekiti, Ekiti State Tel: 234030440659 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 55 Name: Enugu State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, Postal Address: No. 1 Garden Avenue, P.M.B. 01146, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 234042253463,2348023567669 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 56 Name: FCT Agricultural Development Programme GOV EX ( FCTADEP) Postal Address: Block 602, Phase I, P.M.B.165, Gwagwalada, Abuja, FCT Tel: 2340988214489; 2348044103353 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 57 Name: Gombe State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, Postal Address: P.M.B.0046, Gombe, Gombe State. Tel: 234072223779 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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58 Name: Imo State Agricultural Development Programme, GOV EX (ISADEP) Postal Address: Okigwe Road, Secretariat, Owerri, Imo State Tel: 23483234089, 2348033263901 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 59 Name: Jigawa State Agricultural Development Authority, GOV EX Postal Address: P.M.B.7024, Dutse, Jigawa State Tel: 234064721338 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 60 Name: Kaduna State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, Postal Addressp.M.B.2269, Kaduna. Tel: 234062210156, 234062248212 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 61 Name: Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development GOV EX Authority, Postal Address: Km 9 Hadejia Road, Yankaba, P.M.B. 3130, Kano, Kano State Tel: 234064311705, 234064649224, 2348023045781 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 62 Name: Katsina State Agricultural and Rural GOV EX Development Authority Postal Address: 4 Km Kano Road, P.M.B.2006, Katsina, Katsina State Tel: 234065431794, 234065432534 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 63 Name: Kebbi State Agricultural and Rural Development GOV EX Authority Postal Address: Kaigi Junction, P.M.B.1039, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State Tel: 234068321762, 234068321864 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 64 Name: Kogi State Agricultural And Rural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: Lokoja-Abuja Road, Felele, P.M.B.1067, Lokoja, Kogi State Tel: 234058220536, 2348034037625 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 65 Name: Kwara State Agricultural Dev. Programme GOV EX Postal Address: Jebba Road, P.M.B. 1383, Ilorin, Kwara State. Tel: 234031220760, 2340312201518; Telex: 23403133185, 2348033737363 Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.kwaraproject.org

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66 Name: Lagos State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, Postal Address: Old Abeokuta Motor Road, Oko-Oba. P.O. Box 3845, Agege, Lagos, Lagos State Tel:234017756203, 2348033531882 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 67 Name: Nasarawa State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: Opposite Revenue Office, P.M.B. 36, Lafia, Nasarawa State. Tel: 234047220565, 234047221593 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 68 Name: Niger State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: Maitumbi-Shiroro Road, P.M.B. 132, Minna, Niger State Tel: 23406622383, 2348034510301 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 69 Name: Ogun State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, (OGADEP) Postal Address: Olabisi Onabanjo Way, Idi-Aba Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2122, Abeokuta, Ogun State Tel: 2348033194604 Fax: E-Mail Website: 70 Name: Ondo State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: 88 Ibrahim Babangida Avenue, Alaogbaka Quarters, P.M.B. 622, Akure, Ondo State Tel: 234034231598, 2348034077554 Fax: E- Mail: Website: 71 Name: Osun State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: P.O.Box 724, Iwo, Oyo/Awe Road, Iwo, Osun State Tel: 23402950820, 234950821, 234950822, 234959825, 2348033891065 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 72 Name: Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme GOV EX Postal Address: Liaison Office Quarters 804, Agodi GRA P.O. Box 7300, Secretariat Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 234028104364, 2348023268998 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 73 Name: Plateau Agricultural Development Programme GOV EX Postal Address: P.M.B. 2119, Dogon Dutse, Jos, Plateau State Tel: 234073456452, 23480370081 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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74 Name: Rivers State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: Okoro-Odo, Obio, P.M.B. 5169, Port- Harcourt, Tel: 234084489877 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 75 Name: Sokoto State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme, Postal Address: Abdullahi- Fodo Road, P.M.B.2245, Sokoto, Sokoto State Tel : 234060236727, 234060232418 Fax: E- Mail: Website: 76 Name: Sokoto State Agricultural And Community GOV EX Development. Project, (SSA&CD) Postal Address: Block 4 Shehu Kangiwa Street, P.M.B.2353, Sokoto, Sokoto State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website 77 Name: Taraba State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: P.M.B.1037, Jalingo, Taraba State Tel: 23407922133, Fax: E-Mail: Website: 78 Name: Yobe State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: Maiduguri Road, P.M.B.1038, Damaturu, Yobe State. Tel: 234076522535-7; Fax:234076-522536 E-Mail: Website: 79 Name: Zamfara State Agricultural Development GOV EX Programme Postal Address: P.M.B.1020, Gusau Zaria Road, Gusua, Zamfara State. Tel: 234063204681, 234063204683 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

Non-governmental Agricultural/Rural Development Organisations

80 Name: Alheri Seeds Nigeria Limited PRV PS-S Postal Address: 5, Sokoto Road (GRA), P.O. Box 472, Zaria, Kaduna State. Tel: 234069370877, 2348037016371, 23408057746362 Fax: Email: Website: 81 Name: Olam Nigeria Limited PRV PS-P Postal Address: Plot 2, Block K, Ilasamaja Industrial Estate, Apapa-Oshodi Expressway, P.O.Box 18165, Ikeja, Lagos. Tel: Fax: Email: [email protected] Website:

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82 Name: Abia Essence Projects NGO RU Postal Address: 66 St. Michael’s Road, P.O. Box 67, Ubakala, Umuahia, Abia State Tel: 23482223618 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 83 Name: Anne’s Agro-Processing Company Limited PRV PS-P Postal Address: Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Tel: 2348037861053, 2348052541572 Fax: Email: Website: 84 Name: Savannah Seeds and Livestock PRV PS-S Postal Address: Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 85 Name: Adventist Development and Relief Agency NGO RU (ADRA) Postal Address: Seventh Day Adventists Church Compound, Lagere Road, P.M.B. 5571, Ile-Ife, Osun State. Tel: 234036232952 Fax: 234036232952 Email: [email protected] Website: www.adra.org 86 Name: Afro Centre for Development, Peace and Justice NGO RU (AFRODEP) Postal Address: 43 Rwang Pam Street, P.O. Box 1431, Jos, Plateau State Tel: 234073452150 Fax: 234073460006 Email: Website: 87 Name: Agape Foundation for Literacy and Rural NGO RU Development Postal Address: 14, Ogoja Road, P.O. Box 627, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Tel: 23404320519, 23404321280 Fax: 23404320519 Email: [email protected], enquire@agape- foundation.org Website: 88 Name: Agbeloba CMS Ltd, Ado-Ekiti AS-F RU Postal Address: Fagbohun Estate, Ado-Ikere Road, P.O. Box 266, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State. Tel: 234030250975 Fax: Email: Website: 89 Name: Akpabuyo Bakassi Green Movement NGO EX (ABGREMO) Postal Address: 24 Ikot Ewa Village, Opposite Community Secondary School, Ikot Ewa, Along Calabar Ikang Road, Akpabuyo, Cross River State Tel: 2347607086401 (Ext. 6990) Fax: Email: [email protected] Website:

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90 Name: Alheri Women Multi-Purpose Development AS-W RD Association (ALCO) Postal Address: C/o Bida Local Government Secretariat, P.O. Box 778, Bida, Niger State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 91 Name: Association for Community and Economic NGO RU Development Postal Address: 14, Lagos Road, Lafenwa, Abeokuta, Ogun State Tel: 234039240194 Fax: Email: Website: 92 Name: Association for Grassroots Development (AGD) NGO EX Postal Address: 29, Ayetoro Road, Kabiotire, Lafenwa, P.O. Box 2820 Sapon, Abeokuta, Ogun State Tel: 234039240531, 234039241081 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 93 Name: Association for Rural Development (ASRUDE) NGO EX Postal Address: 22, Second Avenue, Trans Ekulu, P.O.Box 2173 Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 234042552703 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 94 Name: Banaa (Mothers) Development Association NGO RU Postal Address: Hasken Rai Baptist Church, Bakin Kogi-Kafanchan, Zangon Kataf LGA, Kaduna State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 95 Name: Biakwan Light NGO RU Postal Address: Km. 29, Ikom-Obudu Road, Biakwam, Boki LGA, P.O. Box 64, Ikom, Cross River State. Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 96 Name: Business Improvement Group Multi-Purpose NGO RU Cooperative Society Postal Address: c/o Ken Moore Co., No 4 New Market Lane, Owerri, Imo State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 97 Name: Care and Action Research NGO (CARE NGO) NGO RU Postal Address: Giddan Jan-Block, Koghurna Close, (Near G.S.S. Sabon-Tasha, GPO Box 2233, Kaduna, Kaduna State. Tel: 2340625106060 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 98 Name: Catholic Institute for Development, Justice and CHU EX Peace (CIDJAP) Postal Address: 3, Ikwuato Street, Uwani, P.O. Box 302, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 234042252727 Fax: 234042257004 Email: [email protected] Website:

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99 Name: Centre for Community Development NGO RU (CENCOMDEV) Postal Address: Block 6, Plot 6, Lane 6, Oluyole Extension/Adabeji, Off Victoria International Church, Oluyole Extension, G.P.O Box 17091, Ibadan, Oyo State. Tel: 234022311199 Fax: 234028102644 Email: [email protected] Website: 100 Name: Centre for Development and Civic Education NGO RU (CECODEC) Postal Address: 29, Mushin Road, Isolo, P.O. Box 8476, Ikeja, Lagos State Tel: 234012880785 Fax: Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: 101 Name: Centre for Gender, Governance and NGO RD Development (CEGGAD) Postal Address: Trinity Estate, Amuda Ojere Bus Stop, Km 155, Ojoo Express Road, Iwo Road Junction, P.O. Box 19997, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State. Tel: 234028101618 Fax: 234028101618 Email: [email protected] Website: 102 Name: Centre for Indigenous Knowledge, Environment NGO RD Research and Rural Development (CIKERD) Postal Address: 17, Constitution Crescent, Aba, Abia State Tel: 234082227738 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 103 Name: Centre for African Studies, Adult Education and NGO EX Rural Development (CASAERD) Postal Address: Amauzu-Amorji Okue, P.O. Box 12, Ishiagu, Ivo LGA, Ebonyi State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 104 Name: Centre for African Settlement Studies and NGO RU Development (CASSAD) Postal Address: 3, Ayo Adekunle Close, New Bodija Estate, P.O. Box 20775, U.I. Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 234028102726 Fax: 234028104536 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: 105 Name: Centre for Agriculture and Rural Development NGO RU (CARD) Postal Address: 164 Ikot Ekpene Road, P.O. Box 2429, Uyo Road, Akwa Ibom State Tel: Fax: 234085201081 Email: [email protected] Website:

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106 Name: Church of Christ in Nigeria (COCIN) CHU RU Postal Address: 5, Noad Road, Behind Central Bank, P.M.B. 2127, COCIN, Jos, Plateau Tel: 234073453679 Fax: Email: Website: 107 Name: Community Conservation and Development NGO RU Initiatives (CCDI) Postal Address: 4A, Ademola Street, Ikoyi, P.O. Box 56492, Ikoyi, Lagos State. Tel: 234012673260-61 Fax: 234012673261 Email: [email protected] Website: 108 Name: Community Development Foundation (CDF) NGO FS Postal Address: 19, Isaac John Street, GRA, P.O. Box 1003, Ikeja, Lagos State Tel: 234014774508, 234014974882 Fax: 234014974507 Email: [email protected] Website: 109 Name: Community Development Partners (CODEP) NGO TR Postal Address: 15, Rumuibekwe Road, Rumuibekwe Housing Estate, P.M.B. 5277, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 234084611147 Fax: 234084230406 Email: [email protected] Website: 110 Name: Country Associates Network (CANET) NGO TR Postal Address: Suite 11 Annex, Bataiya Plaza, Plot 1271 Area 11 Garki, Abuja Tel: 234098023123820 Fax: 234092340628 Email: [email protected] Website: 111 Name: Country Women Association of Nigeria NGO RU (COWAN) Postal Address: 7, Awosika Crescent, Ijapo Housing Estate, P.M.B. 809, Akure, Ondo State Tel: 234034244489, 2340342441945 Fax: 234034244489 Email: [email protected] Website: 112 Name: Development Information Network (Devnet) NGO OT-- Postal Address: 3rd Floor, NCWS House, PC 14, Networking Ahmed Onibudo Street, Off Adeola Hopewell Street, Victoria Island, P.O. Box 9524, GPO, Marina, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23401618953, 234014617093 Fax: 234014618953 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: 113 Name: Development Initiatives (DEVIN) NGO TR Postal Address: 8, Rumuokoro Street, Off Market Junction, Rumuomasi, P.O. Box 13836, Port Harcourt, River State Tel: 23408023024641 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website:

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114 Name: Development Policy Centre (DPC) NGO RD Postal Address: 5, DPC Road, Oba Akinyele Street, Behind Former UNICEF Zonal Office Secretariat, Agodi, P.O. Box 30733 Secretariat, Ibadan, Oyo State. Tel: 234028102797, 234028103181 Fax: 234028103280 Email: [email protected] Website: 115 Name: Development Research Bureau (DRB) NGO RD Postal Address: 28, Arigidi Street, Bodija Estate, U.I. P.O. Box 19377, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 234028101191 Fax: 2348101215 Email: [email protected] Website: 116 Name: Diocesan Development Services (DDS) CHU TR Postal Address: D.D.S. Office, Bishop’s Road, P.O. Box 114, Idah, Kogi State Tel: 234058800567 Fax: Email: Website: 117 Name: Edo State NGO Action Committee NGO OT- Postal Address: c/o Charilove Centre, Opposite Central Networking Hospital, P.O. Box 1199, Benin City, Edo State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 118 Name: Environmental Damages Grassroots NGO TR Enlightenment (EDGE) Postal Address: 44 Addis Ababa Crescent, Sheraton Cornershops, Wuse Zone, P.O. Box 2436, Garki, Abuja, FCT Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 119 Name: Family Unity for Sustainable Development NGO RD Foundation (FUSDF) Postal Address: 1, Arometa (Sitaga House), Sitaga Bus Stop, Arometa Poly-Eleyele Express Road, P.O. Box 36150, Agodi, Ibadan, Oyo State. Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 120 Name: Food Basket Foundation International (FBFI) NGO RD Postal Address: 46, Ondo Street, Old Bodija Estate, U.I. P.O. Box 4127, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 234028105859 Fax: 234028105272 Email: [email protected] Website: 121 Name: Foundation for Human Development NGO TR Postal Address: 6/6a Emekuku Street, D/Line, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 234092310081, 234092341437 Fax: 234093141687 Email: Website:

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122 Name: Friends of The Environment (FOTE) NGO TR Postal Address: 106/110 Lewis Street, P.O. Box 10627, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234012633988, 234012647435 Fax: 234012647435 Email: [email protected] Website: 123 Name: Grassroots Women Foundation (GWF) NGO OT-- Postal Address: 19/21, Abakaliki Road, GRA, P.O. Box Networking 3532, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 234042252260, 234042258050 Fax: 234042251868 Email: [email protected] Website: 124 Name: Green Globe Consults NGO RD Postal Address: 129, Zik’s Avenue, Uwani Enugu, Enugu State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 125 Name: Group for the Advancement of Sustainable Rural NGO RD Development (GASURD) Postal Address: N3/692, Near St. Stephen’s Anglican Church, Inalende, P.O. Box 11878, GPO, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 234022411578 Fax: Email: Website: 126 Name: Imo Self Help Organisation Project (ISHO) Postal Address: Plot 99B Ikenebgu Extension, P.M.B. 1058, Owerri, Imo State Tel: 234083232547 Fax: 234083232547 Email: Website: 127 Name: International Centre for Youth Development NGO RD (ICYD) Postal Address: B110, Lady Aguiyi Ironsi Shopping Arcade, Opposite Aba Park, Umuahia, Abia State Tel: 234088221389 Fax: Email: Website: 128 Name: Justice, Development and Peace Movement CHU TR (JDPM), Catholic Diocese of Abeokuta Postal Address: Catholic Shopping Complex, Adatan Road, Isale Ake, P.O. Box 206, Ibara, Abeokuta, Ogun State Tel: 234039240415 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 129 Name: Lagos State Catfish and Allied Farmers’ AS-F PS-P Association (LASCAFAN) Postal Address: c/o Lagos State Agricultural Development Programme, Agege, Lagos Tel: Fax: Email: Website:

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130 Name: Lift Above Poverty Organisation (LAPO) NGO RD Postal Address: Plot 6, SandT Road, Opposite Uselu Market, P.M.B. 1729, Benin City, Edo State Tel: 234052600756 Fax: 234052600756 Email: [email protected] Website: 131 Name: Living Earth Nigeria Foundation (LENF) NGO RD Postal Address: 11 Orogbum Crescent, GRA Phase 11, Port Harcourt, River State Tel: 234084230970 Fax: 234084231741 Email: [email protected] Website: 132 Name: Mangrove Forest Conservation Society of Nigeria NGO RD (MFCSN) Postal Address: 22 King Amachree Road (Former Club Road), P.O. Box 8884, Port Harcourt, River State Tel: Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 133 Name: Nalt-United Self-Help Organisation (NALT- NGO RD NUSHO) Postal Address: 2, Obollo Road, (Close to First Bank, Ovoko), Igbo Eze South LGA, Via Nsukka, P.O. Box 441, Nsukka, Enugu State Tel: 234042770406 Fax: 234042770406 Email: [email protected] Website: 134 Name: National Farmers Association of Nigeria NGO PS-P (NAFAN), Osun State Chapter Postal Address: 204, Sabo Junction, P.O. Box 1635, Osogbo, Osun State Tel: 234035241749 Fax: Email: Website: 135 Name: Natural Resources Development Motivators NGO RD (NARDEM) Postal Address: 11 Mbono Street Aladinma Housing Estate, Owerri, Imo State Tel: 234083233426 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 136 Name: Niger Delta Wetlands Centre (NDWC) NGO TR Postal Address: Plot 100, GRA Phase 1, P.O. Box 7390 Federal Secretariat, Port Harcourt, River State Tel: 234084234042 Fax: 234084234042 Email: Website: 137 Name: Niger Delta Women Forum (NDWF) NGO TR Postal Address: 17 Omatsola Crescent, P.O. Box 2975, Warri, Delta State Tel: 234053253378 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website:

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138 Name: Niger Delta Youth Movement (NDYM) NGO TR Postal Address: Anton Clinic, NTO Ukara, Ika LGA, P.O. Box 77, Urua Inyangs P.A. Ika LGA, Akwa Ibom State. Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 139 Name: Nigerian Union of Journalists (NUJ) OT- IN Postal Address: NUJ Secretariat, Area 2, P.O. Box Professi 4350, Garki Abuja, FCT onal Tel: 234093143016 Fax: 234093143116 Email: Associati Website: on 140 Name: Nigeria Association of Women Journalists OT- IN (NAWOJ) Professi Postal Address: c/o News Department, Gombe State onal Television Corporation, Buhari Estate Road, Gombe, Associati Gombe State on Tel: 234072223226 Fax: Email: Website: 141 Name: Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) NGO PP Postal Address: Km 19 Lagos-Epe Expressway, Lekki, P.O. Box 74638, Victoria Island, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234012642497 Fax: 234012642497 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ncf-nigeria.org 142 Name: Nigerian Environmental Society (NES) NGO TR Postal Address: 3/5 Adeyemo Alakija Street, NUJ Lighthouse, Victoria Island, P.O. Box 10748, Marina, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234012881213 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 143 Name: Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team NGO RD (NEST) Postal Address: 1, Oluokun Street, Off Awolowo Avenue, Bodija, U.I. P.O. Box 22025, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel:234028105167 Fax:234028102644 Email: [email protected] Website: 144 Name: Nigeria Integrated Rural Accelerated NGO TR Development Organisation (NIRADO) Postal Address: 17, Ogunmodede Street, Off Allen Avenue, P.O. Box 18075, Ikeja, Lagos State Tel: 234014936542, 234014936559 Fax: 234014936542 Email: [email protected] Website: 145 Name: Nigeria Network of Non-Governmental NGO OT- Organisations (NNNGO) Coalition of Postal Address: 15, Military Street, Onikan, Lagos, NGOs Lagos State Tel: 234012635158 Fax: 23401265158 Email: [email protected] Website:

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146 Name: Non-Governmental Organisations’ Guide 2000 NGO OT- Postal Address: Second Floor, Gidan Abbas MG, 12 Coalition of Sultan Road, GRA, P.M.B. 2235, P.O. Box 9689, NGOs Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 234062247729, 234062247732 Fax: 234062249985 Email: [email protected] Website: 147 Name: Organisation for Research into Human Welfare NGO TR and Development (HUDRAW) Postal Address: H22, Senior Staff Quarters, University of Maiduguri, P.O. Box 8030, Maiduguri, Borno State Tel: 234076234469 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 148 Name: Pastoralist Development Initiative (PDI) NGO TR Postal Address: Suite 45, Neighbourhood Centre, Sudan Street, Wuse Zone 6, P.O. Box 10399, Garki, Abuja, FCT Tel: 234095234779 Fax: 234095234504 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wangonet.org/poli 149 Name: Peasants Dragnet (D-NET) NGO TR Postal Address: 11a Ajegunle Street, Ofin, P.O. Box 220, Sagamu, Ogun State Tel: 234037640488, 234037640054 Fax: Email: Website: 150 Name: Poverty Alleviation and Development Centre NGO TR (PADC) Postal Address: 1C, College Road, Kurmin Mashi New Extension, P.O. Box 1772, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 234062410149, 234062415727 Fax: 234062235048 Email: [email protected] Website: 151 Name: Poverty Alleviation Crusaders (PAC) NGO TR Postal Address: 1 Dada Bello Close, Off Iju Road, Ifako Agege, Lagos State Tel: 234017741425, 2348023118687 Fax: 234014920998 Email: [email protected] Website: 152 Name: Rural Environment Protectors (RU-ENPORT) NGO TR Postal Address: 39 Hart Street, P.O. Box 1536, Calabar, Cross River State Tel: 234087237279 Fax: 234087235861 Email: [email protected] Website: 153 Name: Rural Family Development Organisation NGO RD (RUFADO) Postal Address: 34 Catholic Hospital Road, Oluyoro, Oke Ofa, P.O. Box 28806, Agodi, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 23402716071 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website:

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154 Name: Rural Organisation for Development Action NGO TR (RODA) Postal Address: c/o UNDP Assisted Community Skills Development Centre, P.O. Box 177, Abagana, Njikoka LGA, Anambra, Anambra State Tel: 234048571085 Fax: Email: Website: 155 Name: Rural Women and Youth Development (RWYD) NGO TR Postal Address:c/o Abudu Yusuf, NACB Building, By Pass Road, Gidan Dare, P.O. Box 2840, Sokoto, Sokoto State. Tel: 234060234987 Fax: Email: Website: 156 Name: Society for Poverty Alleviation in African Rural NGO TR Communities (SPAARC) Postal Address: 11 Bassey Duke Street, & 45 IBB Way, Calabar, Cross River State Tel: 234087235866, 234087231580 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 157 Name: Society for Shelter, Education, Food and NGO TR Agricultural Development in Africa (ASSEFAD) Postal Address: 565, Ikorodu Road, Kosofe-Ketu, P.O. Box 2331, Ikeja, Lagos Tel: 23401476225 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: www.acd-assefad.org 158 Name: Sustainable Community Development Crown NGO RD Volunteers (DCROWN VOLUNTEERS) Postal Address: Alhaji Muili Adesokan House, Caterpillar Bus Stop, Monatan, Iwo Road, P.O. Box 12182, General Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 159 Name: United Farmers Association of Nigeria Limited AS-F PS-S Postal Address: 1, Adatan Road, Isale Ake, Abeokuta, Ogun State Tel: 234039244732 Fax: Email: Website: 160 Name: Women and Children Development Action NGO TR (WACDA) Postal Address: 1 & 2 Okpara Avenue, GRA Umuahia, Abia State Tel: 234088221566 Fax: 234088221566 Email: [email protected] Website: 161 Name: Women and Development Movement (WADEM) NGO TR Postal Address:5, Fola Falana Close, Opposite Osun Capital Hotel, Iwo/Ibadan Road, Dada Estate Area, Osogbo, Osun State Tel:234035243945 Fax: 234035243205 Email: [email protected] Website:

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162 Name: Women Development Club (WDC) NGO TR Postal Address: 1 Conakry Crescent, Matali Housing Estate, P.O. Box 5205, Kawo-Malali, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 234062313911 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 163 Name: Women Development Initiative (WDI-Gidauniyar NGO TR Mata) Postal Address: Kano Foundation Building, BUK Road, Kano, Kano State Tel:234064668982 Fax: Email: Website: 164 Name: Women Economic Empowerment Action NGO TR (WEEMA) Postal Address: 48/50 Ishag Road, Surulere, P.O. Box 52797, Ikoyi, Lagos Tel: 234014702856, 234015845156 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 165 Name: Women Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation NGO TR (WEPA) Postal Address: Block B, No. 02, Murtala Mohammed Square, P.O. Box 1766, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 234062512335 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 166 Name: Women Entrepreneurs Association of Nigeria NGO TR (WEAN) Postal Address: Pentagon Plaza, 67, Babs Animashaun Road, Surulere, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234018044432 Fax: Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: 167 Name: Women Farmers Advancement Network NGO TR (WOFAN) Postal Address: Plot 18, Yahaya Gusau Road, NNDC Quarters, P.O. Box 22 9gyadi), Kano, Kano State Tel: 234064662199, 234064665487 Fax: Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: 168 Name: Women In Mobilisation Activities (WIMA) NGO TR Postal Address: Old Marafa Club, Marafa Estate, Off Force Road, P.O. Box 802, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel:234062210201 Fax: Email: Website: 169 Name: Women In Nigeria (WIN) NGO TR Postal Address: 12 Yovi Street, Off Wegbo Street, Iwaya, Yaba, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23401867086 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website:

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170 Name: Women Society and Progress (WSP) Postal Address: Eze Igwe’s Compound, Gbugbu-Ugwu Na Agbo-Ndem Road, Barracks Road, Nsukka, Enugu State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 171 Name: Nigerian Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural GOV FS Development Bank (NACRDB) Postal Address: No. 1, Yakubu Gowon Way, P.M.B. 2155, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 234062245013, 234062245017, 234062246647 Fax: 234062244612 Email: info@nacrdb Website: www.nacrdb.com Agricultural research institutes

172 Name: Agricultural Rural Management Training Institute GOV RD (ARMTI). Postal Address: Km. 18, Ilorin - Lokoja Highway P. M. B. 1343 Ilorin, Kwara State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.armti.org 173 Name: Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) GOV RD Postal Address: P.M.B. 1044, Samaru, Zaria Tel: 23469550571-4 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 174 Name: Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan GOV RD (CRIN) Postal Address: P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayure, Ibadan, Oyo State. Tel: 23452410040 Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.crin.gov.ng 175 Name: Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), GOV RD Ibadan, Oyo State Postal Address: P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Ibadan, Oyo State Tel:23452414073 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 176 Name: National Agricultural Extension and Research GOV RD Liaison Services (NAERLS) Postal Address: P.M.B. 1067, Samaru, Zaria Tel: 23469551435 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 177 Name: Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI) GOV RD Postal Address: P.M.B. 1293, Maiduguri, Borno State Tel: 234076231188, 234076233075 Fax:23407692344, 234076923442 Email: Website:

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178 Name: Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, GOV RD (IAR&T) Postal Address: P.M.B. 5029, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel:234022312523, 234022311728 Fax: 234022316857 E-Mail: Website: 179 Name: National Animal Production Research Institute, GOV RD Zaria Postal Address: Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1096, Sika, Zaria Tel:2346950596 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 180 Name: National Centre For Agricultural Mechanization GOV RD (NCAM) Postal Address: P.M.B. 1525, Ilorin Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 181 Name: National Cereal Research Institute, (NCRI) GOV RD Postal Address: P.M.B. 8, Bida, Niger State Tel: 234066461233, 234066461233 Fax:234066462172 E-Mail: Website: 182 Name: National Horticultural Research Institute GOV RD (NIHORT) Postal Address: P.M.B. 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 183 Name: National Institute For Fresh Water Fisheries GOV RD Research (NIFFR) Postal Address: New Bussa Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 184 Name: National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) GOV RD Postal Address: P.M.B.7006, Umuahia, Abia State. Tel:234088220188, 234088440237 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 185 Name: National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) GOV RD Postal Address: P.M.B. 1, Vom, Plateau State Tel:23407380911/2 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 186 Name: Nigerian Institute For Oceanography And Marine Gov RD Research (NIOMR) Postal Address: Wilmot Point Road, Bar Beach, Victoria Island, P.M.B. 12729, Victoria Island, Lagos, Lagos State. Tel:23401613903 Fax: 23401619517 E-Mail: Website:

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187 Name: Nigerian Institute For Oil Palm Research GOV RD (NIFOR) Postal Address: P.M.B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 188 Name: Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute GOV RD (NSPRI) Postal Address: Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute, Ilorin, Kwara State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 189 Name: Rubber Research Institute Of Nigeria (RRIN) GOV RD Postal Address: Iyanomo, Km 19 Benin-Sapele Road, P.M.B. 1049, Benin City, Edo State Tel:2315241190 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 190 Name: Rural Agricultural and Industrial Development GOV RD Scheme (RAIDS), Postal Address: Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 191 Name: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture REG RD (IITA) Postal Address: Ibadan Oyo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.iita.gov.ng

Educational institutions with Faculty of Agriculture

192 Name: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU) EDU TR Postal Address: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State Tel: 23477543500-543501 Fax: 23477542065 E-Mail: [email protected] , Website: http://www.atbu.edu.ng/ 193 Name: Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) EDU TR Postal Address:Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Tel: 234069552517, 234069550691 Fax:234069550022 E-Mail:[email protected] Website: http://www.abu.edu.ng/ 194 Name: Bayero University (BUK) EDU TR Postal Address:Bayero University, Kano, Kano State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.buk.edu.ng/ 195 Name: Federal University Of Technology Yola. (FUTY) EDU TR Postal Address: Federal University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State Tel: 234075624532, 234075625532. Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.futy.edu.ng/

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196 Name: Federal University of Technology (FUTA). EDU TR Postal Address: P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State. Tel: 2340342434904 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: http://www.futa.edu.ng/ 197 Name: Federal University of Technology (FUT) EDU TR Postal Address: Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.futminna.edu.ng 198 Name: Federal University of Technology (FUTO) EDU TR Postal Address: Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.futo.edu.ng/ 199 Name: Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture (MOUA) EDU TR Postal Address: Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.moua.edu.ng/ 200 Name: National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) EDU TR Postal Address: National Open University of Nigeria, Victoria Island, Lagos, Lagos State. Telephone:234018188849, 234014820720, 234014820721, 234014820722 , 234 012712664, 2348052592478, Fax: 234012712665 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: http://www.nou.edu.ng/ 201 Name: Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) EDU TR Postal Address: Nnadi Azikiwe, University, Awka, Enugu State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.unizik.edu.ng/ 202 Name: Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) EDU TR Postal Address: Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State. Tel: 234036230290 Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.oauife.edu/ 203 Name: University of Abuja (UA) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.uniabuja.edu.ng/ 204 Name: University of Agriculture (UNAAB) EDU TR Postal Address: P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State Tel: 234030244749 Fax: 23439243045 E-Mail: Website: http://www.unaab.edu.ng/ 205 Name: University of Agriculture (UAM) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Makurdi, Makurdi, Benue State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.uamakurdi.edu.ng/

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206 Name: University of Benin (UNIBEN) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Edo State. Tel:234052602121 Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.uniben.edu.ng/ 207 Name: University of Calabar (UNICAL) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross- River State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.unical.edu.ng/ 208 Name: University of Ibadan (UI) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Ibadan, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Oyo State. Tel: 234022003608 Fax: 23428103043 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ui.edu.ng/ 209 Name: University of Ilorin (UNILORIN) EDU TR Postal Address: P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Tel: 234031221691-4 Fax: 234031221937 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.unilorin.edu.ng/ 210 Name: University of Jos (UNIJOS) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.unijos.edu.ng/ 211 Name: University of Maiduguri (UNIMAID) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.unimaid.edu.ng/ 212 Name: University of Nigeria (UNN) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.unn.edu.ng/ 213 Name: University of Port-Harcourt (UNIPORT) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Port Harcourt, Port- Harcourt, River State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.uniport.edu.ng/ 214 Name: University of Uyo (UNIUYO) EDU TR Postal Address: 1, Ikpa Road, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Tel: 23485200303, 23485202 696 Fax: 23485202694 E-Mail: Website: http://www.uniuyo.edu.ng/ 215 Name: Usman Danfodiyo University (UDUSOK) EDU TR Postal Address: Usman Danfodiyo, University, Sokoto, Sokoto State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.udusok.edu.ng/

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216 Name: Abia State University (ASU) EDU TR Postal Address: Abia Sate University, Uturu, Abia State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 217 Name: Adamawa State University EDU TR Postal Address: Adamawa State University, Mubi, Adamawa State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.nuc.edu.ng/pages/ www.adamawastateuni.net 218 Name: Adekunle Ajasin University (AAU) EDU TR Postal Address: Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Ondo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 219 Name: Akwa Ibom State University (AISU) EDU TR Postal Address: Akwa Ibom State University, Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 220 Name: Ambrose Alli University (AAU) EDU TR, RD Postal Address: Km 10 Benin-Auchi Road, P.M.B 14, Ekpoma, Edo State Tel: 234054340719 Fax: 234054340719 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.aauekpoma.edu.ng/ 221 Name: Anambra State University of Science & EDU TR Technology (ASUTECH) Postal Address: Anambra State University of Science and Technology, Awka, Anambra State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 222 Name Benue State University (BENSU) EDU TR Postal Address: Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 223 Name: Cross River State University of Science and EDU TR Technology (CRSTUTECH) Postal Address: Cross River State University of Science and Technology, Uyo, Cross River State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 224 Name: Delta State University (DELSU) EDU TR Postal Address: Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 225 Name: Ebonyi State University (ESU) EDU TR Postal Address: Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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226 Name: Enugu State University of Science and EDU TR Technology (ENSUTECH) Postal Address: Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 227 Name: Gombe State University (GSU) EDU TR Postal Address: Gombe State University, Gombe, Gombe State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 228 Name: Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University (IBBU) EDU TR Postal Address: Ibrahim Badamasi University, Km 3, Minna Road, Lapai, Niger State. Tel:234066670292, 234066670293 Fax: E-Mail:[email protected] Website: 229 Name:Imo State University (IMOSU) EDU TR Postal Address: Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:http://www.imsu.edu.ng/ 230 Name: Kaduna State University (KADSU) EDU TR Postal Address: Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 231 Name: Kano State University of Technology EDU TR (KASUTECH) Postal Address: Kano State University of Technology, Wudi, Kano State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 232 Name: Katsina State University (KATSU) EDU TR Postal Address: Katsina State University, Katsina, Katsina State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 233 Name: Kogi State University (KSU) EDU TR Postal Address: Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 234 Name: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology EDU TR (LAUTECH) Postal Address P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso Oyo State Along Ibadan/Ilorin Road, Ogbomoso Tel: 2348067624977, 2348067624952 Fax: E-Mail Website http://www.lautech.edu.ng/ 235 Name: Nasarawa State University EDU TR Postal Address: Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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EDU TR 236 Name: Niger Delta University (NDU) Postal Address: Niger Delta University, Yenagoa, Balyesa State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 237 Name: Olabisi Onabanjo University (OOU) EDU TR Postal Address: Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago- Iwoye, Ogun State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:http://www.oou-ng.com/ 238 Name:Osun State University (OSU) EDU TR Postal Address:Osun State University, Ilesa, Osun State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 239 Name: Plateau State University (PSU) EDU TR Postal Address: Plateau State University, Bokkos, Plateau State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 240 Name: Rivers State University Of Science & Technology EDU TR (RSUTECH) Postal Address Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.rsust.edu.ng/ 241 Name: Tai Solarin University of Education (TASUD) EDU TR Postal Address: Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 242 Name: University of Ado-Ekiti (UNAD) EDU TR Postal Address: University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:http://www.nuc.edu.ng/pages/www.unadportal. com 243 Name Abti-American University Of Nigeria (AAUN) EDU TR Postal Address Lamido Zubairu Way, Yola Township, P.M.B. 2250, Yola, Adamawa State Tel:234 8052000703, 2348052002962 Fax: Email: [email protected] [email protected] Website http://www.abti-american.edu.ng/ 244 Name: Ajayi Crowther University EDU TR Postal Address:Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 245 Name: Bowen University EDU TR Postal Address: Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: http://www.bowenuniversity-edu.org/

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246 Name: Crawford University EDU TR Postal Address: Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 247 Name: Joseph Ayo Babalola University EDU TR Postal Address: Joseph Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:

Colleges of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries

248 Name: Federal College of Agriculture EDU TR Postal Address: Federal College of Agricultural, Akure, Ondo State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 249 Name: Federal College of Agriculture EDU TR Postal Address: Federal College of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 250 Name: Federal College of Animal Production EDU TR Technology Postal Address: Federal College of Animal Production Technology, Jos, Plateau State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 251 Name: Federal College of Animal Health and Production EDU TR Technology Postal Address: Federal College of Animal Health and Production, Ibadan, Oyo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.fcapt.gov.ng 252 Name: Federal College of Fisheries and Marine EDU TR Technology (FCFMT) Postal Address: Federal College of Fisheries and Marine Technology, Lagos, Lagos State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.fcfmt.gov.ng 253 Name: Federal College of Forestry EDU TR Postal Address: P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Ibadan Oyo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.fcf.gov.ng 254 Name: Federal College of Veterinary Medical Laboratory EDU TR and Technology Postal Address: Federal College of Veterinary Medical Laboratory and Technology, Vom, Plateau State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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255 Name: Federal College of Wildlife Management EDU TR Postal Address: Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.fcwm.gov.ng 256 Name: Federal Soil Conservation School EDU TR Postal Address: Federal Soil Conservation School, Owerri, Imo State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 257 Name: Federal Soil Conservation School EDU TR Postal Address: Federal Soil Conservation School, Kuru, Jos Plateau State. Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 258 Name: Lagos State Polytechnic, EDU TR Postal Address: Lagos State Polytechnic, P.M.B. 249, Ikorodu, Lagos State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: www.lapotech.com

National radio stations Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN)

259 Name: FRCN Abuja National Station (Radio Nigeria, GOV IN Abuja) Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Gwagwalada, P.M.B. 71, Garki, Abuja, FCT Tel: 23498821065 Fax: 23498821040 Email: Website: 260 Name: FRCN Enugu National Station (Radio Nigeria, GOV IN Enugu) Postal Address: Broadcasting House, No. 7, Onitsha Road, P.M.B. 1051, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 23442254371, 23442254400, 23442255590 Fax:23442254137 Email:[email protected] Website: 261 Name: FRCN Ibadan National Station (Radio Nigeria, GOV IN Ibadan) Postal Address: Broadcasting House, No. 1, Oba Adebimpe Road, P.M.B. 5003, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 23422400660-3 Fax:23422413930, 23422414857 Email: Website: 262 Name: FRCN Kaduna National Station (Radio Nigeria GOV IN Kaduna) Postal Address: No. 7, Yakubu Gowon Way, P.O. Box 250, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel:23462245390, Fax:23462245392 Email: Website:

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263 Name: FRCN Lagos National Station (Radio Nigeria, GOV IN Lagos) Postal Address: Broadcasting House, P.M.B. 12504, Ikoyi, Lagos State Tel:23412690301-3, 23414807621 Fax: 23412693438 Email: Website:

Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) FM stations (Federal Government Owned) 264 Name: Pacesetter FM (103.5Mhz) GOV IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Amakama, P.M.B. 7101, Umuahia, Abia State Tel: 234823118182, 234422581282, 2348052050225 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 265 Name: Lighthouse FM (101.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Bajabure, Yola, Adamawa State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 266 Name: Atlantic FM (104.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Nsukara Offot, Uyo, Uyo LGA, Akwa Ibom State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 267 Name: Gateway FM (102.5Mhz) GOV IN Postal Address: Enugu Onitsha Express Road Awka LGA, Anambra State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 268 Name: Rainbow FM (101.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Adjacent To Commissioners’ Housing Estate Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 269 Name: Harvest FM (102.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Km 16, Makurdi Oturkpo Road, Adjacent Abiam LGA, Benue State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 270 Name: Peace FM (102.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Damboa Road, Maiduguri, Borno State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 271 Name: Paradise FM (99.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Ikot Effanga Mkpa, Calabar Municipality, Cross River State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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272 Name: Charity FM (104.4 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Asaba, Delta State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 273 Name: Unity FM (101.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, PMB 0137, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Tel:23443300710, 23443300711, 2348023118167, 2348037756378 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 274 Name: Bronze FM (101.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Aduwawa Ikpoba Hill, Along Auchi Road, Edo State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 275 Name: Progress FM (100.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Iworoko Village, Along Iworoko Road Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 276 Name: Coal City FM (92.85 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Enugu, Enugu State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 277 Name: Jewel FM (103.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Gombe By-Pass, Off Dukku Road Gombe, Gombe State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 278 Name: Heartland FM (100.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Azaraegbelu, Owerri North LGA, Imo State Tel: 2348036751782 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 279 Name: Horizon FM (100.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Along Kujawa – Dutse Road, Near The Kujawa Housing Estate, Dutse, Jigawa State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 280 Name: Supreme FM (96.1 MHz). GOV IN Postal Address: No 7 Yakubu Gowon Way, Kaduna. Tel: 23462245390 Fax: 23462245392 E-Mail: Website: 281 Name: Pyramid FM (103.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Kano Madobi Road, Madobi LGA, Kano State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 282 Name: Companion FM (104.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Along Katsina-Batsari Road, Near Batsari LGA Secretariat, Katsina State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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283 Name: Equity FM (103.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Along Birnin Kebbi/Kalgo LGA, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 284 Name: Prime FM (98.1 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Along Lokoja Ganaja Road, Lokoja, Kogi State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:

285 Name: Harmony FM (103.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Along Ilorin Lokoja Highway, Idofian, Kwara State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 286 Name: Solid FM (102.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Along Akurba Shendam Road, Lafia LGA, Nasarawa State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 287 Name: Precious FM (105.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Along Bida – Badeggi Road, Niger State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 288 Name: Paramount FM (94.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Oke Mosan Along Kobape Road, P.M.B. 2160, Abeokuta, Ogun State Tel: 234803326799, 2348044130884 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 289 Name: Positive FM (102.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Along Ondo-Akure Road, Oke Isikan Information Village, Akure, Ondo State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 290 Name: Metro FM (92.93 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Ikoyi, Lagos State Tel: 2340126903015 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 291 Name: Gold FM (95.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Off Iloko Road, By New Ilesha-Akure Expressway, Ilesha, Osun State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 292 Name: Premier FM (93.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Oba Adebimpe Road, Dugbe, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 234022414093 Fax: 23422413930 E-Mail: Website:

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293 Name: Highland FM (101.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address NTA TV College, Ray Field, Jos, Plateau State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 294 Name: Treasure FM (98.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: NTA Compound, Choba Road, Port Harcourt, River State Tel: 23484487029, 2348033384386 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 295 Name: Royal FM (101.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Off Sokoto - Gusau Road, Premises of Sokoto River Basin Authority, Sokoto, Sokoto State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 296 Name :Gift M (104.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Jalingo GRA Bypass, Jalingo, Taraba State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 297 Name: Sunshine FM (104.5 MHz). GOV IN Postal Address: Within NTA Grounds, Along Potiskum Road, Damaturu, Yobe State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 298 Name :Pride FM (102.5 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Within Federal College of Education Gusau, Zamfara State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 299 Name: Kapital FM (92.9 MHz) GOV IN Postal Address: Radio House, Garki Abuja Tel: 23492349962, Fax: 23498821040 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 300 Name: Voice of Nigeria (VON) GOV IN

Postal Address: Headquarters , 6th Floor, Radio House Area 8, Garki, Abuja, FCT

Tel: 234092344016, 234092344017

Fax: 234092346970, 234092346973 E-Mail:

Website:

Federal television stations Nigerian Television Authority (NTA)

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301 Name: National Television Authority( NTA) NTA IN Postal Address: Headquarters, Television House Area 11, Garki, P.M.B. 13, Abuja, FCT Tel: 23492345907, 23492345915 Fax: 23492345914 E-Mail: Website: 302 Name: NTA Plus GOV IN Postal Address: Area 11, Garki Abuja, FCT Tel: 23492345919, 23492341820 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 303 Name: NTA Channel 10, Lagos GOV IN Postal Address: Tejuosho Avenue, Surulere, Lagos, Lagos State Tel:23414704647, 23414704241 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 304 Name:NTA-2 Channel 5, Lagos GOV IN Postal Address: Television House, Ahmadu Bello Way, Victoria Island, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23412700202 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 305 Name :NTA Channel 6, Aba GOV IN Postal Address: Television House, Ikot Ekpene Road, Ogbor Hill, P.M.B. 7126, Aba, Abia State Tel: 23482220922, 2348220534, 2348220916, 2348220394, 2348220753, 23482201507 Fax: 23482220922 E-Mail: Website: 306 Name :NTA Channel 12, Abeokuta GOV IN Postal Address: Oke- Egunya, P.M.B. 2190, Abeokuta, Ogun State Tel: 23439242971, 23439240551 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 307 NTA Abuja GOV IN Postal Address: Old Parade Ground, Opposite Radio House, Area 10, Garki, Abuja, FCT Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 308 Name: NTA Akure GOV IN Postal Address: Oba Ile, P.M.B. 794, Akure, Ondo State Tel: 23434242439 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 309 Name: NTA Bauchi GOV IN Postal Address: Television House, Maiduguri Road, P.M.B. 0146, Bauchi, Bauchi State Tel: 23477542353, 23477542748 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 310 Name: NTA Benin Zonal Network Centre GOV IN Postal Address: West Circular Road, P.M.B. 1117, Benin City, Edo State Tel: 23452253458, Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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311 Name: NTA Calabar 6 & 9 GOV IN Postal Address: Murtala Muhammed Highway, P.M.B. 1299, Calabar, Cross River State Tel: 23487210238, 23487210366 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 312 Name: NTA Dutse GOV IN Postal Address: Kiyowa Road, P.M.B. 7073, Dutse, Jigawa State. Tel: 23464721144, 23464721145 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 313 Name: NTA Enugu Zonal Network Centre GOV IN Postal Address: Television House, Independence Layout, P.M.B. 1530, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 23442454902, 23442450626 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 314 Name:NTA Ibadan Zonal Network Centre GOV IN Postal Address: P.O. Box 1460, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 23428104620 Fax: 23428108685 E-Mail: Website: 315 Name: NTA Ilorin GOV IN Postal Address: P.M.B. 1478, Fate Road, Ilorin, Kwara State Tel: 234-31-224196 Fax:234-31-221575 E-Mail: Website: 316 Name: NTA Jos GOV IN Postal Address: Yakubu Gowon Way, P.M.B. 2134, Jos, Plateau State Tel: 23473462444, 23473463438 Fax: 234-73- 462485 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 317 Name: NTA Kaduna Zonal Network Centre GOV IN Postal Address: No 7 Yakubu Gowon Way, P.O. Box 1347, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 23462246011, 23462217376 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 318 Name: NTA Channel 5 Kano GOV IN Postal Address: Television House, Bompai Road, P.M.B. 3343, Kano, Kano State Tel:23464640072, 23464635492 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 319 Name: NTA Channel 8 Katsina GOV IN Postal Address: Television House Steel Rolling Mills Junction Dutsinma Road P.O. Box 2177, Katsina, Katsina State Tel: 23465432719, 430757 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 320 Name: NTA Lokoja GOV IN Postal Address: Mounti Patti, Olu Owon Road, Lokoja, Lokoja State Tel: 23458220986 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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321 Name: NTA Zonal Network Centre Maiduguri GOV IN Postal Address: Damboa Road, P.M.B. 1487, Maiduguri, Borno State Tel: 23476232045, 23476232177, 23476232010 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 322 Name: NTA Makurdi GOV IN Postal Address: Ahmadu Bello Way, P.M.B. 102044, Makurdi, Borno State Tel: 23444533510, 23444533458 Fax:23444533443 E-Mail: Website: 323 Name: NTA Minna GOV IN Postal Address: P.M.B. 79, Minna, Niger State Tel: 23466222941, 23466222552. Fax: 23466222552 E-Mail: Website: 324 NTA Port Harcourt GOV IN Postal Address: Choba Road, P.M.B. 5797, Port Harcourt Tel: 23484332140, 23484331811 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 325 Name: NTA Zonal Network Centre Sokoto GOV IN Postal Address: Garba Muhammed Road, P.M.B. 2351, Sokoto, Sokoto State Tel: 23460233124, 23460232868, 23460238027 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 326 Name:NTA Uyo GOV IN Postal Address: Television House, Aka Etinan Road, P.M.B. 1180, Uyo, Akwa_ibom State Tel: 2348023061692, 2348033761716, 2348028389627 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 327 Name: NTA Yola GOV IN Postal Address: No. 43, Ahmadu Bello Way, P.M.B. 2197, Yola, Adamawa State Tel: 23475625401, 23475625480, 23475625329 Fax: 23475624749 E-Mail: Website: 328 Name: NTA Jalingo GOV IN Postal Address: Television House, Mount Jalingo, P.M.B. 1102, Jalingo, Taraba State Tel: 23479223111, Fax: E-Mail: Website: 329 Name: NTA Gombe GOV IN Postal Address: Kilometre 8, Bauchi Road, Gombe, Gombe State Tel: 23472221329 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 330 Name: NTA Damaturu GOV IN Postal Address: NTA Damaturu, Yobe State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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331 Name: NTA Channel 10 Dutse GOV IN Postal Address: Sani Abacha Way, P.M.B. 7073, Dutse, Jigawa State Tel: 2346472144, 23464721145. Fax: E-Mail: Website: 332 Name: NTA Yenagoa GOV IN Postal Address: Azikoro Road, Ekeki Yenagoa Bayelsa State Tel: 23489490584, 2348036775041 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 333 Name: NTA Oshogbo GOV IN Postal Address: New State Secretariat, P.M.B. 4315, Oshogbo Tel: 23490410706, 2348034544018 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 334 Name: NTA Ile Ife GOV IN Postal Address: Mokuro Road, Off Moore Road, Ile Ife, Osun State Tel:2348023283636, 234833010251 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 335 Name: NTA Oyo GOV IN Postal Address: Apitipiti, GRA, P.M.B. 1107 Oyo, Oyo State Tel: 2348035709355, 23438241955 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 336 Name: NTA, Ijebu-Ode GOV IN Postal Address: Erunmu Road, Gra, Ijebu Ode, Ogun State Tel:23437432695, 23437431403, 2348034004551 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 337 Name: NTA, Umuahia GOV IN Postal Address: Kilometre 123 Enugu-Port Harcourt Expressway, Umuahia, Abia State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 338 Name: NTA, Abakaliki GOV IN Postal Address: Abakiliki/Enugu Express Road, Ebonyi State. Tel:2348037727438, 2348033135474 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 339 Name: NTA, Owerri GOV IN Postal Address: No. 1 Bank Road, Owerri, Imo State (Administrative Office), New Owerri Road, Near Concord Hotel, Owerri (Studio), Anambra State Tel:23483234214 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 340 Name: NTA Gusau GOV IN Postal Address: Zaria Road, P.O. Box 1108, Samaru, Gusau, Zamfara State Tel: 23463200694 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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341 Name: NTA Asaba GOV IN Postal Address: TV House, Okpanam Road, Asaba, Delta State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 342 Name: NTA Ado-Ekiti GOV IN Postal Address: TV House, Bola Ige Drive, - By Iyin/Ilare Road, Oke-Ila, Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti State Tel: 2348034703707 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 343 Name: NTA Iruekpen GOV IN Postal Address: NTA Iruekpen, Iruekpen, Edo State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 344 GOV IN Name: NTA, Saki Postal Address: P.O. Box 383, Oke Ado, Oyo State Tel: 2348033047537 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 345 Name: NTA, Imeko GOV IN Postal Address: NTA Imeko, Ogun State Tel: 2348023052469 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 346 Name: NTA, Ogbomosho GOV IN Postal Address: P.M.B. 3505, Oja Titun, Ogbomosho, Oyo State Tel: 234803109229 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 347 Name: NTA, Patigi GOV IN Postal Address: NTA Patigi, Kwara State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 348 Name: NTA, New Bussa GOV IN Postal Address: NTA New Bussa, New Bussa, Niger State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website:

State-owned radio stations

349 Name: Aso FM TE IN Postal Address: Katampe Hill, P.O. Box 4941,Garki, Abuja, FCT Tel:23493140317, 23493140318 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 350 Name: Broadcasting Corporation of Abia State ( BCA) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, New Station Layout P.M.B. 7276, Umuahia, Abia State Tel:23488220411 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: : www.bcanigeria.com

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351 Name: Adamawa Broadcasting Corporation( ABC) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House Complex, Hore Ladde Layout Mbamba, P.M.B. 2123, Yola, Adamawa State Tel:23475634225, 23475634709, 23475624781 Fax: 23475634781 E-Mail: Website: 352 Name: Akwa Ibom Broadcasting Corporation( AIBC) TE IN Postal Address: No. 2, Udo Udoma Avenue Road, P.M.B. 1122, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Tel: 23485200117, 23485200197, 2348023061691, 2348022243102 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 353 Name: Anambra Broadcasting Service (Radio) ( ASBS) TE IN Postal Address: Enugu/Onitsha Express Road, P.M.B. 5070, Awka Ugwuawovu, Enugu-Ukwu Njikoko LGA, Anambra State Tel: 23448550318, 23448550185 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 354 Name: Bauchi Radio Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Ahmadu Bello Way, Bauchi, Bauchi State Tel: 23477542278, 542099, 542429 Fax E-Mail: Website: 355 Name: Bayelsa State Broadcasting Corporation( BSBC) TE IN Postal Address: Radio Bayelsa, P.M.B. 56, Ekeki, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Tel: 23489490404, 23489490359 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 356 Name: Benue Radio TE IN Postal Address: P.M.B. 102202, Makurdi, Benue State Tel: Tel: 23444532900, 23444533275, 23444533978 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 357 Name: Borno State Radio( BSR) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Shehu Laminu Way, P.M.B. 1020, Maiduguri, Borno State Tel: 23476231485, 23476232046, 22347632127 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 358 Name: Cross River State Broadcasting TE IN Corporation(CRBC ) Postal Address: Broadcasting House, IBB Way, P.M.B 1035, Calabar, Cross River State Tel: 23487232435, 23487232276, 23487232227, 23487230396 Fax:23487235102 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 359 Name: Cross River State Broadcasting Corporation( TE IN CRSBC) Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Opposite Metro Hotel, Ikom, Cross River State Tel: 23487670193, 2348037213839 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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360 Name Delta State Broadcasting Service (DSBS) TE IN Postal Address: P.M.B. 5032, Voice of Delta Broadcasting House, Off Okpanam Road, Asaba, Delta State Tel: 2345628253032: Fax: 23456282573 E-Mail: Website: 361 Name: Melody FM TE IN Postal Address: P.M.B. 1026, Warri, Delta State Tel: 23453320283 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 362 Name: Edo State Broadcasting Service( ESBS) TE IN Postal Address: Benin-Auchi Road, Aduwawa, P.M.B. 1012, Benin City, Edo State Tel: 23452255736, 23452253889 Fax:23452253889 E-Mail: Website: 363 Name :Broadcasting Service of Ekiti State( BSES) TE IN Postal Address: Okeyinmi Street, Ilokun Road, Old Ado L G Secretariat, P.M.B. 5342, Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti State Tel: 23430250264, 23430250754, 23430250559 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 364 Name: Enugu State Broadcasting Service TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, P.M.B. 01600, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 23442454455, 23442454456 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 365 Name: Ebonyi Broadcasting Service (EBBS) TE IN Postal Address: Ebonyi Television, Abakaliki, c/o Ministry of Information And Culture, Government House Annex P.M.B.098, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Tel:23443220191 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 366 Name: Gombe Media Corporation ( GMC) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Buhari Estate Road, GRA, P.M.B. 074, Gombe, Gombe State Tel:23472223226, 23472222293, 23472220247 Fax: 23472222291 E-Mail: Website: 367 Name: Imo Broadcasting Corporation (IBC) TE IN Postal Address: Egbu Road, P.M.B. 1129, Owerri, Imo State Tel: 23483232674, 23483230263 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 368 Name: Jigawa State Radio( JSR) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Sani Abacha Way, Dutse, Jigawa State Tel:23464721058 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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369 Name: Kaduna State Media Services ( KSMS) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, No 1.Wurno, Off Rabah Road, P.M.B. 2013, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 23462319390, 23462319393 Fax: 23462218392

E-Mail: Website: 370 Name Kano State Radio Corporation( KSRC) TE IN Postal Address: No 3 Ibrahim Taiwo Rd, Kano, Kano State Tel: 23464669306 Fax: 23464645927. E-Mail: Website: 371 Name: Katsina State Radio Service. ( KSRS) TE IN Postal Address: Radio House, Ibadan Street, Sabon Layi, Katsina, Katsina State Tel: 23465431316 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 372 Name: Kebbi Broadcasting Corporation (Radio) ( KBC) TE IN Postal Address: Km 8, Kalgo Road, P.M.B. 1059, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State Tel:23460322695, 2348043115021 Fax:23460322695, E-Mail: Website: 373 Name: Kogi Broadcasting Corporation( KBC) TE IN Postal Address: 1, Danladi Zakari Road, P.M.B. 1095, GRA Lokoja, Kogi State Tel:23458220672 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 374 Name: Radio Kwara TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Police Road, P.M.B.1345, Ilorin, Kwara State Tel: 23431220352, 23431220353 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 375 Name: Lagos State Broadcasting Corporation( LSBC) TE IN Postal Address: LSDPC House, Lateef Jakande Road, Agidingbi, Ikeja, Lagos Tel: 23417740730, 23414970849 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 376 Name: Nasarawa Broadcasting Service( NBS) TE IN Postal Address: State Secretariat, Shendam Road, P.M.B. 97 Lafia, Nasarawa State Tel: 2344721267, 2344721880 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 377 Name: Niger Media Broadcasting Corporation (NMBC) TE IN Postal Address Radio House, Ibrahim Babangida Street, P.M.B. 88, Minna, Niger State Tel:23466220102, 23466222172, 23466222511 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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378 Name: Crystal FM Minna TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Maitumbi, P.M.B. 88, Minna, Niger State. Tel: 23466220102 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

379 Name : Ogun State Broadcasting Corporation. ( OGBC) TE IN Postal Address: Ibara Housing Estate, P.M.B. 2084 Sapon, Abeokuta, Ogun State Tel: 23439240441, 23439242794 Fax: 23439242794E- Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: 380 Name: Ondo State Radiovision Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Oba Ile, P.M.B. 739, Akure, Ondo State Tel: 23434242964, 23434241385 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 381 Name: Osun State Broadcasting Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Ile Awiye, Oke Baale, P.M.B. 4425, Osogbo. Osun State Tel: 23435240676, 23435242019 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 382 Name: Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State (BCOS) TE IN Postal Address: P.M.B. 1, Agodi Post Office, Ile Akede, Orita Bashorun, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 23428106605 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 383 Name: Plateau Radio Corporation TE IN Postal Address: No. 5, Joseph Gomwok Road, P.M.B. 2042, Jos, Plateau State Tel: 23473453285, 23473454035 & 23473465991 Fax: 23473453285 E-Mail: Website: 384 Name: Taraba State Broadcasting Service (Am & Fm) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House 39, Barde Way, P.M.B. 1078, Jalingo, Taraba State Tel: 23479222504 & 23479222555 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 385 Name: Rivers State Broadcasting Corporation TE IN Postal Address: 4, Degema Street, P.M.B. 5170, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel:2348432551, 23484 30246, 2348033085133 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 386 Name: Sokoto State Media Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Rima Radio, P.M.B. 2156, Sokoto, Sokoto State Tel: 23460232272 Fax:23460237437 E-Mail: Website:

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387 Name: Yobe Broadcasting Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Km 6, Gujba Road, P.M.B. 1044, Damaturu, Yobe State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 388 Name : Zamfara State Radio Service TE IN Postal Address: Mal. Yahaya Secretariat, Off Zaria Road, Gusau, Zamfara State Tel:23463201686, 201687 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

State-owned television stations

389 Name: Broadcasting Corporation of Abia State TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Government Station Layout, P.M.B. 7276, Umuahia, Abia State Tel: 23488220411 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.bcanigeria.Com 390 Name: Adamawa Television Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Bajabure Satellite Town, P.M.B. 2060, Yola, Adamawa State Tel: : 23475624656, 23475624252 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 391 Name: Akwa Ibom Broadcasting Corporation TE IN Postal Address: No. 2, Udo Udoma Avenue Road, P.M.B. 1122, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Tel:23485200117, 23485200197, 2348023061691, 234802224310 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 392 Name: Anambra Broadcasting Service( ABS) TE IN Postal Address: Enugu/Onitsha Express Road, P.M.B. 5070, Awka Ugwuawovu, Enugu-Ukwu Njikoko LGA, Anambra State Tel:23448550318, 23448550185 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 393 Name: Bauchi State Television Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Wunti Dada - Jos Road, P.M.B. 0166, Bauchi, Bauchi State Tel: 23477542642, 23477541425 Fax:23477542266 E-Mail: Website: 394 Name: Borno State Television Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Shehu Lamido Way, P.M.B. 1020, Maiduguri, Borno State Tel: 23476231485, 23476232046, 23476232127 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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395 Name: Cross River State Broadcasting Corporation( TE IN CRBC) Postal Address: Broadcasting House Cross-River, Calabar Tel: 234-87-232435, 232276, 232227, 230396 Fax E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 396 Name: Cross River Broadcasting Corporation ( CRBC) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Old Government Field, Opposite Metro Hotel, Ikom, Cross River State. Tel:23487670193, 234803713839 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 397 Name :Delta State Broadcasting Service TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House Off Okpanam Road P.M.B. 5032 Asaba, Delta State Tel:2345628253032 Fax:23456282573 E-Mail: Website: 398 Name: Delta State Broadcasting Service TE IN Postal Address: P.M.B. 1026, Warri, Delta State. Tel: 23453255576, 23453251031 Fax: 23453320283, 23453320378 E-Mail: Website: 399 Name: Edo State Broadcasting Service TE IN Postal Address: Benin Auchi Road Aduwawa, P.M.B. 1012, Benin City. Edo State. Tel:23452255736, 23452253889, 23452253085 Fax: 23452253889 E-Mail: Website: 400 Name: Broadcasting Service of Ekiti State TE IN Postal Address: TV Ilokun Road, P.M.B. 5342, Ado- Ekiti Ekiti State. Tel: 23430250264,23430250754, 23430250559 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 401 Name: Enugu State Broadcasting Service TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House P.M.B. 01600, Enugu Tel: 234-42-454455, 454456 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 402 Name: Gombe Media Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, Buhari Estate Road, P.M.B. 074, Gombe. Gombe State Tel: 23472223226, 23472222293, 23472220247 Fax: 23472222291 E-Mail: Website: 403 Imo Broadcasting Corporation TE IN Postal Address: Egbu Road, P.M.B. 1129, Owerri, Imo State Tel:23483232674, 23483230263 Fax: 2348323432026 E-Mail: Website:

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404 Name: Kaduna State Media Services (KSMS) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House, No.1 Wurno, Off Rabah Road, P.M.B. 2013, Kaduna. Kaduna State Tel:234-62-319390, 319393,218392 Fax: 234-62-241985 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 405 Name: Kano State Television Broadcasting House( TE IN KSTV) Postal Address: Maiduguri Road, Hotoro, P.O. Box 1009, Kano, Kano State Tel: 23464632232, 23464632022, 23464632322 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 406 Name: Katsina State Television (KSTV) TE IN Postal Address: Television House Former SDP Building, Baisari Road, Dutsima, P.M.B. 2163, Katsina, Katsina State Tel:2346531316, 2346531317 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 407 Name: Kebbi Television( KTV) TE IN Postal Address: Emir Haruna Road, Birnin-Kebbi, Kebbi State Tel:23468320667 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 408 Name: Kwara State Television( KSTV) TE IN Postal Address: Television House, Akpata Yakuba, P.M.B. 1520, Ilorin, Kwara State. Tel:23431223983, 23431225981 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 409 Name: Lagos State Television (LTV/LWT) TE IN Postal Address: Lateef Jakande Road, Agidingbi, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel:23418133905 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 410 Name: Nasarawa State Television (NSTV) TE IN Postal Address: State Secretariat, Shendam Road, P.M.B. 97 Lafia, Nasarawa State. Tel:2344721880 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 411 Name: Gateway Television(OGTV) TE IN Postal Address: Km 9, Olabisi Onabanjo Road, P.M.B. 2239, Sapon, Abeokuta. Ogun State Tel:23439244101, 23439244122, 2348045045757, 2348037175279, 2348034298724, 2348033728138 Fax: : 23439244101, 23439244122 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 412 Name: Ondo State Radiovision Corporation (OSRC) TE IN Postal Address: Broadcasting House Oba Ile, P.M.B.739, Akure, Ondo State. Tel: 23434242964, 23434241385 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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413 Name: Osun State Television (OSTV) TE IN Postal Address: Ile Awiye, Oke Baale, P.M.B. 4425, Osogbo Osun State Tel: 234352309 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 414 Name: Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State (BCOS) TE IN Postal Address: P.M.B. 1, Agodi Post Office Ile Akede, Orita Bashorun, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel:23428106605 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 415 Name: Plateau State Radio Television Corporation TE IN Postal Address: No. 5, Joseph Gomwalk Road, P.M.B. 2042, Jos, Plateau State Tel:23473453285, 23473454035,23473465991 Fax: : 23473-453285 E-Mail: Website: 416 Name: Taraba Television Corporation TE IN Postal Address: 39, Barde Way, P.M.B. 1078, Jalingo, Taraba State Tel:234-79-222601 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 417 Name: Rivers State Television TE IN Postal Address: RSTV Complex, Old Refinery Road, Elelenwo, P.M.B. 5139, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel:234-84-572262, 572263, 234-8033170505 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 418 Name: Sokoto State Media Corporation TE IN (RimaTelevision) Postal Address: P.M.B. 2156, Sokoto, Sokoto State Tel: 23460237005, Fax:23460237437 E-Mail: Website: 419 Name: Yobe State Television TE IN Postal Address: Gashua Road, P.M.B. 1092, Damaturu, Yobe State Tel: 23474522466, 23474522644 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 420 Name: Zamfara State Television Service TE IN Postal Address: Mall. Yahaya Secretariat, Off Zaria Road. Gusau, Zamfara State Tel:234-63-201687 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 421 Name: Freedom Radio PRV IN Postal Address: Plot 33, Sarki Dikko, Off Ibrahim Sani Abacha Road, Gyadi-Gyadi, Kano, Kano State Tel: 23464660565 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

Private Radio Stations

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422 Name: Cool FM (Steam Broadcasting) PRV IN Postal Address: Aim Plaza, Plot 592, Independence Avenue, South City Centre, P.M.B. 51, Abuja, FCT Tel:23492340075 Fax: 23492340079 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 423 Name: Independent Radio PRV IN Postal Address: Glass House, Airport Road, Benin City, Edo State Tel:23452252119, 23452250242 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 424 Name: Jeremi Radio PRV IN Postal Address: No. 54, Effurun/Sapele Road, ECO- Bank Building (5th Floor), Effurun-Uvwie LGA, Warri, Delta State Tel: 23453255932, 23453255933, 2345323480 23453243151532 Fax:23453255932 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 425 Name: Minaj Systems Radio PRV IN Postal Address: Radio Vision Plaza, Minaj Drive, Mike Ajegbo Road, Obosi, Anambra State Tel: 23446486532, 23446486528, 23446486849 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 426 Name: Ray Power I & II FM (in Lagos , Abuja, Kano & PRV IN Port Harcourt) Postal Address: Daar Communications Ltd, AIT Road, Ilapo Village, Alagbado, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23412644814-7: 23412644817 Fax E-Mail: Website: 427 Name: Rythmn 93.7 FM (Silverbird Communications PRV IN Limited) Postal Address: 10 Force Avenue, By Govt. House Drive, Old GRA, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 23484574111, 2348033104600 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 428 Name: Rhythm 93.7 FM PRV IN Postal Address: Silverbird Communications Ltd, 17a, Commercial Avenue, Yaba, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23417740511, 23417740510-4 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 429 Name: Rhythm 94.7 FM PRV IN Postal Address: Hilltop, Karu. Abuja, FCT Tel: 234092348556 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website:

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430 Name: Star FM 101.5 (Murhi International) PRV IN Postal Address: MITV Plaza, Obafemi Awolowo Way, Alausa Secretariat, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23414972846, 23414972847 Fax: : 23414931272 & 23414926209 E-Mail: Website: 431 Name: Nagarta Radio PRV IN Postal Address: Kaduna-Zaria Express Way, Katabu- Mararaban, Jos, Kaduna Tel:234062371508 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 432 Name: Aso FM PRV IN Postal Address: Katampe Hill, P.O. Box 4941, Garki, Abuja, FCT Tel: 234093140317 Fax: Email: Website: 433 Name: Joy FM PRV IN Postal Address: Joy Road High Level, Makurdi, Benue State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 434 Name: Pacific FM PRV IN Postal Address: No. 100 Oregun Road, Ojota, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014972580 Fax: Email Website: 435 Name: Zuma Radio FM PRV IN Postal Address: No. 1, Waziri Ibrahim Crescent, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: Fax: Email: Website: 436 Name: Brilla FM (Sports) PRV IN Postal Address: Eleganza 634 Adeyemo Alakija House, Victoria Island, Lagos, Lagos State Tel:2348022906278, 2348022906279 Fax:234014923077 E-Mail: Website: 437 Name: University Of Lagos EDU IN Postal Address University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23414932663, 72341741872 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 438 Name: Cosmo FM (Cosmo Communications) PRV IN Postal Address: Plot 18, Pocket Estate, Independence Layout, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 23442300219 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 439 Name: Freedom Radio PRV IN Postal Address: Plot 33, Sarki Dikko, Off Ibrahim Sani Abacha Road, Gyadi-Gyadi, Kano, Kano State Tel: 23464660565 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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Private Television Stations

440 Name: Murhi International Television PRV IN Postal Address: M.I.T.V Plaza, Obafemi Awolowo Way, Alausa Secretariat, Opposite NEPA Lagos Zonal Headquarters, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23414922241, 23415557102-7 Fax: 23414926209 E-Mail: Website: 441 Name: Universal Broadcasting Services Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Superscreen Citi Trust Plaza, 9/11 Catholic Street, Lagos, Lagos State Tel:23412635631, 23412645380, 23412664165 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 442 Name: Channels Television PRV IN Postal Address: 376, Ikorodu Road, Maryland, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23414934298, 23412881825 Fax: 23412881825 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 443 Name: Channels Television PRV IN Postal Address: c/o Mg Communications, Wuse, Zone1, Abuja, FCT Tel: Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 444 Name: Desmims Independent Television, PRV IN Postal Address: Sheik Ibrahim Arab Broadcasting House, No. 4a, Sokoto Road, GRA, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 23462241701 Fax E-Mail: Website: 445 Name: Galaxy Television PRV IN Postal Address: Galaxy Television House, Oke Are, P.O. Box 37321, Dugbe, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 23422410897, 23422410899, 23422414701 2348042105457, 2348056542079 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 446 Name: Galaxy Television PRV IN Postal Address: 25 Community Road, Off Bamishile Road, Off Allen Avenue, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23415557511-2 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected]. Website: 447 Name:Degue Broadcasting Network (DBN-TV) PRV IN Postal Address: No. 65, Awolowo Road, P.O. Box 51162, Ikoyi, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23412690051, 23417740289 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

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448 Name: Independent Television PRV IN Postal Address: Glass House, Airport Road, P.M.B. 1703, Benin City, Edo State Tel: 23452250242, 23452252119, 23452602727, 23452602565 Fax: 23452251881, 23452251504 E -Mail: Website: 449 Name: Minaj Broadcast International PRV IN Postal Address: 130/132 Ladipo Street, Matori, Mushin, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23414528499, 23414529203-4 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 450 Name: Minaj Broadcast International (MBI) PRV IN Postal Address: Minaj Radiovision Plaza, Minaj Drive, P.O. Box 494, Obosi Tel:23446486532,23446486528, 23446486849 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 451 Name: Africa Independent Television (AIT) PRV IN Postal Address: Communication Village, Ray Power Drive, Ilapo Village, Alagbado, Lagos, Lagos State Tel:23412644814, 23414974749, 2341264418 Fax:

E-Mail: Website: 452 Name: Africa Independent Television (AIT) PRV IN Postal Address: Daar Communications Ltd, AIT Drive, Kpaduma Hill, Asokoro District, Abuja, FCT Tel: 23492347572 Fax: 23492347242 E-Mail: Website: 453 Name: Silverbird Television PRV IN Postal Address: 17A Commercial Avenue, Sabo-Yaba, Lagos, Lagos State Tel:23417740510-4 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

Direct To Home Television (DTH) Satellite Re-Transmission Station Cables Stations (Using M.M.D.S. Channels)

454 Name: Multichoice Nigeria Limited PRV IN Postal Address: 1379 Tiamiyu Salvage Street, Victoria Island, Lagos, Lagos State Tel:23417740147, 23412622133 Fax:23412610360, 2619429 Email: [email protected] Website: www.multichice.co.za 455 Name: Trend TV Ltd PRV TV Postal Address: CTL Emporium, Plot 57, Woji Road, G.R.A. II, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 23484461361-90, 2348055235908 Fax: 23484231691 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.trendtv.tv

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456 Name: Frontage Television PRV IN Postal Address: No. 192b, Jide Oki Street, Off Ajose Adeogun Street, Victoria Island, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23412701440 Fax: E-Mail: Website:

457 Name: MG Communication Systems Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Gidan Abbas Mg, No. 12, Sultan Road, P.M.B. 2235, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel:23462237729, 23462237732, 23462237735 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 458 Mg Communication Systems Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Giginya Hotel, Western Bypass, Sokoto, Sokoto State Tel: 23460231670, 23460231253, 23460231455 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 459 Name: MG Communication Systems Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Beside NUJ Secretariat, Sokoto Road, Gusau, Zamfara State Tel: 23460201694 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 460 Name: Disc Engineering Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Alhaji Lateef Jakande Road, Agidingbi, Ikeja, P.O. Box 52669, Falomo, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23414932641-6 Fax: 23414923696 E-Mail: Website: 461 Name: Transmit Network Limited PRV IN Postal Address: C/O Disc Engineering, Agidingbi, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23413453090 Fax: 23414923696 E-Mail: Website: 462 Name: Delta Telekommunications & Electrical Services PRV IN Limited Postal Address: No. 143, Ibrahim Taiwo Road, P.O. Box 4560, Ilorin, Kwara State Tel: 23431222251 Fax:23431223389 E-Mail: Website: 463 Name: Worldlink Network Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Wing B, Ground Floor, Orc House, No. 80, Effurun/Sapele Road, Effurun, Warri, Delta State Tel: 23453251973, 2348037228844, 23480243151484 Fax:234-53 25193 E-Mail: Website: 464 Name: Modern Communications Limited PRV IN Postal Address: 45, Tenant Road, Aba, Abia State Tel: 23482231564, 2348227128, 23482227128 Fax: 23482233667 E-Mail: [email protected] Website:

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465 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited (CTL. PRV IN TV) Postal Address: CTL House, 206/208, Aba Express Way, P.O. Box 6100, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 23484237808, 23484236754 Fax: 23484237809 E-Mail: Website: [email protected] 466 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Don Etiebet House, Maryland, Lagos, Lagos State Tel:23414976493, 23414976500 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 467 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited PRV IN Postal Address: 55 Brooks Street, Uyo, Cross River State Tel:: 23485201838, 2348023147129 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.supernet300.com 468 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited PRV IN Postal Address: 6th Floor, Broking House, 1, Jimoh Odutola Road, Dugbe, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: Fax: EMail: [email protected] Website: 469 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited PRV IN Postal Address: 2c Aba Road, Umuahia, Abia State Tel: 23488223416 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 470 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited PRV IN Postal Address:4, Oguta Road, Onitsha, Anambra State Tel: 23446214829 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 471 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited PRV IN Postal Address: 50, Zik Avenue, Uwani, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 23442259696 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 472 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited PRV IN Postal Address: 30 Wetheral Road, Owerri, Imo State Tel: 23483230613 Fax: EMail: [email protected] Website: 473 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited, PRV IN Postal Address: Warri, Delta State Tel: 2348033481715 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website:

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474 Name: Communication Trends Nigeria Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Sakpoba Road, Benin City, Edo State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 475 Name: West-Midlands Communication PRV IN Postal Address: Providence House, 6, Beckley Street, Off Adeyi Avenue, Old Bodija Estate, Dugbe, Ibadan, Oyo State Tel: 23428104268, 23418012206 Fax: EMail: Website: 476 Name: Bauchi Satellite/Cable Limited PRV IN Postal Address: No. 1, Hospital Road, P.O. Box 566, Bauchi, Bauchi State Tel: 23477543301 Fax: 23477521363 E-Mail: Website: 477 Name: IBW Cable/Satellite PRV IN Postal Address: Glass House, Airport Road, Benin City, Edo State Tel: 23452602700, 23452602727 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 478 Name: Hash-Tronics Satellite Communications Limited PRV IN Postal Address: No. 2, Tamandu Road, Off Audu Bako Way, P.O. Box 1019, Kano, Kano State Tel: 23464633814 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 479 Name: ABG Communications Limited PRV IN Postal Address: ABG Avenue, Road D3, Ungwan Muazu, P.O. Box 502, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 23462235946, 23462235948, 22346237679, 23462235385, 2325501 Fax: 234-62-235950 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 480 Name: ABG Communications Limited PRV IN Postal Address: 10, Rwang Pam, Jos, Plateau State Tel: 23473459076 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 481 Name: ABG Communications Limited PRV IN Postal Address: No. 1 Baga Road, Opposite NEPA Office, Maiduguri, Borno State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 482 Name: ABG Communications Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Transmitting Site, Yola International Hotel Office, No. 107 Atiku Abubakar Road, Jimeta, Yola, Adamawa State Tel: 23475625635 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 483 Name: ABG Communications Limited PRV IN Postal Address: Bompai Road, Kano, Kano State Tel: 23464636421 Fax: 23464647078 E-Mail: [email protected] Website:

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484 Name: ABG Communications Limited PRV IN Postal Address: IBB Way, Katsina, Katsina State Tel: 23465434843 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 485 Minaj Cable Network PRV IN Postal Address: 45 Aguleri Street, Independence Layout, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: : 23442459085 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 486 Name: Bauchi Satellite Cable Limited PRV IN Postal Address: No. 1, Hospital Road, P.O. Box 566, Bauchi, Buachi State Tel: 23477543301 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 487 Name: Multimesh Communication Limited PRV IN Postal Address: 1 Cable Mission Television Network (CMTV), 202 Aba Road, P.O. Box 6477, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 23484232466, 23484232467, 2348032034028 Fax: 23484230849 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.multimeshcom.com 488 Name: Entertainment Cable Television PRV IN Postal Address: c/o Disc Engineering Ltd Alhaji Lateef Jakande Road, Agidingbi, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23413453090, 23414976500 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 489 Name: Ebonyi Cable Television (ECTV) PRV IN Postal Address: Television House, Nsugbe Hills, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Tel: 23443220784, 23443221683 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 490 Name: Digital Entertainment Television (Det Cable TV) PRV IN Postal Address: Broadcast Plaza, Akin Close, State Housing Estate, P.O. Box 1234, Calabar, Cross River State Tel: 23487236703, 23487236771 Fax: E-Mail: eenodet.bellatlantic.net. Website: http//www.det.com 491 Name: Savannah Cable Communication Ltd PRV IN Postal Address: No. 2, New Market Road, P.O. Box 1552, Gombe, Gombe State Tel: 23472223514, 23472223754 Fax: Email: Website:

Nigerian Monthly Magazines

492 Name: Newswatch PRV IN Postal Address: Newswatch Communications Ltd, 3, Billings Way, Oregun Industrial Estate, Ikeja, P.M.B 21499, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014960950 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.ovationinternational.com

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493 Name: Tell PRV IN Postal Address: Tell Communications Ltd, Plot 26, Kudirat Abiola Way, Oregun, P.M.B 21749, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23414932497, 23414932498, 23417747910 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.telling.com 494 Name: The News PRV IN Postal Address: Independent Communications Network Limited, Press House, 27, Acme Road, Agidingbi, Ikeja, P.M.B 21531, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 23414922499, 23414922983, 23414925373 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 495 Name: The Week PRV IN Postal Address: Sub Saharan Press Limited, 23, Adeniyi Jones, P.O.Box 11333, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234017756204, 234014335075, 08023103382 Fax: 14967792 E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: 496 Name: Insider PRV IN Postal Address: Insider Communication Limited, Agidingbi, P.M.B, 21773, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234017730817, Fax: 234012221030 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 497 Name: The Voice PRV IN Postal Address: Sifa Publication, 13, Adeniyi Jakande Close, Off Adeniran Ogunkoya Street, Surulere, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 2345852455, 2345452456, 2348037874430 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 498 Name: Ovation PRV IN Postal Address: Ovation International Limited, 15, Adekunle Fajuyi Crescent, Off Olufemi Olutoye Crescent, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234012882332, 234014936394-5, 23401717902424 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.ovationinternational.com 499 Name: Hints PRV IN Postal Address: Hint True Tales Publication Limited, 2/4 Aromolaran Close, Off Shofola Street, Ojodu Estate, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014733178 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 500 Name: Health Link PRV IN Postal Address: Global Health Link Ventures, 70, Mobolaji Bank Anthony Way, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234018169224, 2348023154749 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website:

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501 Name: Business Express PRV IN Postal Address: Tina John Industries Limited, 563, Ikorodu Road, Kosofe Bus Stop, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234028363858 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 502 Name: Good Health. PRV IN Postal Address: Speed Star Limited, 107, Allen Avenue, Ikeja, P.O.Box 3772, Oshodi, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 2348033259887, Fax: E-Mail: Website: 503 Name: Pharmascope PRV IN Postal Address: Global Village Limited, 10, Toyin Street, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234018130956 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 504 Name: Justice Watch PRV IN Postal Address: 35, Lawanson Road, Lawanson, Surulere Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234018170518, 2348034052951 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.justicewatchmahazine.co. 505 Name: The Adviser PRV IN Postal Address: Lexam Media Services Ltd, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 2348023022201, 2348023195973 Fax: E-Mail: Website: www.ngrguidiannews.com 506 Name: The Independent Voice PRV IN Postal Address: Independent Voice Communications, 107, Falolu Street, Surulere, Off Akerele Bus Stop, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 507 Name: Newsray PRV IN Postal Address: Newsray Communication Ventures Limited, P.O.Box 172, No 3, Buka Aba Ibrahim Way, Damaturu Yobe State Tel: 234074522195, 234074522026, 2348034390092 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 508 Name: Taraba Echo PRV IN Postal Address: Slaj Communication, 76, Barde Way, Jalingo. P.O.Box 32, Jalingo, Taraba State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website:

Nigerian daily/weekly newspapers

509 Name: The Guardian PRV IN

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Postal Address: Guardian Newspapers Limited, Rutam House, Isolo Expressway, P.O. Box 1217, Oshodi, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234524111 Fax: 234521982 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.ngrguidiannews.com 510 Name: The Guardian On Saturday PRV IN Postal Address: Guardian Newspapers Limited, Rutam House, Isolo Expressway, P.O. Box 1217, Oshodi, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234524111 Fax: 234521-982 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.ngrguidiannews.com 511 Name: The Guardian On Sunday PRV IN Postal Address: Guardian Newspapers Limited, Rutam House, Isolo Expressway , P.O. Box 1217, Oshodi, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234524111 Fax: 234521-982 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.ngrguidiannews.com 512 Name: This Day PRV IN Postal Address: Leaders and Company Limited, 35 Creek Road, Apapa, P.O. Box 54749, Ikoyi, Lagos, State Tel: 23413203037, 23413203038, 2348022924721 Fax: 23413203032 E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: 513 Name: This Day On Saturday PRV IN Postal Address: Leaders and Company Limited, 35 Creek Road, Apapa, P.O. Box 54749, Ikoyi, Lagos, State Tel: 23413203037, 23413203038, 2348022924721 Fax: 23413203032 E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] 514 Name: This Day On Sunday PRV IN Postal Address: Leaders and Company Limited, 35 Creek Road, Apapa, P.O. Box 54749, Ikoyi, Lagos, State Tel: 23413203037, 23413203038, 2348022924721 Fax: 23413203032 E-Mail:[email protected], [email protected] Website : 515 Name: The Punch PRV IN Postal Address: Punch (Nig) Ltd., 1, Olu Aboderin Street, Onipetesi, Ikeja,. P.M.B 21204, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014920205, 234014972815 Fax: 23401014920205, 234014972815 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.Punchnigeria.Com 516 Name: Saturday Punch PRV IN Postal Address: Punch (Nig) Ltd., 1, Olu Aboderin Street, Onipetesi, Ikeja Lagos. P.M.B 21204, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014920205, 234014972815 Fax: 234014920205, 234014972815 E-Mail:

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[email protected] Website: www.punchnigeria.com 517 Name: Sunday Punch PRV IN Postal Address: Punch (Nig) Ltd.,1, Olu Aboderin Street, Onipetesi, Ikeja, P.M.B 21204, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014920205, 234014972815 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.punchnigeria.com 518 Name: Vanguard PRV IN Postal Address: Vanguard Media Limited, Vanguard Avenue, Kirikiri Canal, P.M.B. 1007, Apapa, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234012880569, 234012881726, 234802223465 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.vanguardngr.com 519 Name: Saturday Vanguard PRV IN Postal Address: Vanguard Media Limited, Vanguard Avenue, Kirikiri, Canal. P.M.B. 1007, Apapa, Lagos, Lagos State. Tel: 234012880569, 234012881726, 234802223465 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.vanguardngr.com 520 Name: Sunday Vanguard PRV IN Postal Address: Vanguard Media Limited, Vanguard Avenue, Kirikiri, Canal. P.M.B. 1007, Apapa, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234012880569, 234012881726, 234802223465 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: Www.Vanguardngr.Com 521 Name: Daily Champion PRV IN Postal Address: Champion Newspapers Limited, Isolo Industrial Estate, 156/158 Oshodi Apapa Express Way, Ilasamaja, Mushin Lagos, P.O.Box 2276, Oshodi, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234015425840, 234014525983 Fax: 234014526017, 234014520424 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.championnewspapers.com 522 Name: Saturday Champion PRV IN Postal Address: Champion Newspapers Limited, Isolo Industrial Estate, 156/158 Oshodi Apapa Express Way, Ilasamaja, Mushin, Lagos, P.O.Box 2276, Oshodi, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234015425840, 234014525983 Fax: 234014526017, 234014520424 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.championnewspapers.com 523 Name: Sunday Champion PRV IN Postal Address: Champion Newspapers Limited, Isolo Industrial Estate, 156/158 Oshodi Apapa Express Way, Ilasamaja, Mushin, Lagos, P.O.Box 2276, Oshodi,

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Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234015425840, 234014525983 Fax: 234014526017, 234014520424 524 Name: Daily Sun PRV IN Postal Address: The Sun Publishing Limited, 2, Coscharis Street, Kirikiri, Apapa. P.M.B, 21776, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234013203229, 234013203230, 234013205754, Fax: 234017900632 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.sunnewsonline.com 525 Name: Saturday Sun PRV IN Postal Address: The Sun Publishing Limited, 2, Coscharis Street, Kirikiri, Apapa. P.M.B, 21776, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234013203229, 234013203230, 234013205754, Fax: 234017900632 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.sunnewsonline.com 526 Name: Sunday Sun PRV IN Postal Address: The Sun Publishing Limited, 2, Coscharis Street, Kirikiri, Apapa. P.M.B, 21776, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234013203229, 234013203230, 234013205754, Fax: 234017900632 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.sunnewsonline.com 527 Name: The Comet PRV IN Postal Address: Turning Point Newspapers Limited, 27b, Fatai Atere Way, Matori, Lagos, P.M.B 12100, Marina, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014520849 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.cometnews.com 528 Name: The Comet On Saturday PRV IN Postal Address: The Sun Publishing Limited, 2, Coscharis Street, Kirikiri, Apapa. P.M.B, 21776, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234013203229, 234013203230, 234013205754, Fax: 234017900632 E-Mail:[email protected] Website: www.sunnewsonline.com 529 Name: Sunday Comet PRV IN Postal Address: The Sun Publishing Limited, 2, Coscharis Street, Kirikiri, Apapa. P.M.B, 21776, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234013203229, 234013203230, 234013205754, Fax: 234017900632 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.sunnewsonline.com 530 Name: Daily Times GOV IN Postal Address: Daily Times of Nigeria Plc., 3,5 & 7, Kakawa Street Lagos. P.M.B 2134, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State

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Tel: 234013451484, 234013453197, 234013450597 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.dailytimesofnigeria.com 531 Name: Sunday Times GOV IN Postal Address: Daily Times of Nigeria Plc., 3,5 & 7, Kakawa Street Lagos. P.M.B 2134, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234013451484, 234013453197, 234013450597 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.dailytimesofnigeria.com 532 Name: Daily Independent PRV IN Postal Address: Independent Newspapers Limited, Block 5, Plot 7d, Wempco, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014962138-9, 234017733489 Fax: 234014962138-9, 234017733489 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.independent.com 533 Name: Saturday Independent PRV IN Postal Address: Independent Newspapers Limited, Block 5, Plot 7d, Wempco, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014962138-9, 234017733489 Fax: 234014962138/9, 234017733489 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.independent.com 534 Name: Sunday Independent PRV IN Postal Address: Independent Newspapers Limited, Block 5, Plot 7d, Wempco, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014962138-9, 234017733489 Fax: 234014962138/9, 234017733489 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.independent.com 535 Name: New Age PRV IN Postal Address: Century Media Limited, 217/219, Moshood Abiola way, Iganmu Lagos. P.O.Box 55719, Ikoyi Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014723021, 234017911032 Fax: 234015458703 Email: www.newage-online.com Website: 536 Name: Westerner PRV IN Postal Address: Western Publishing Company Ltd., 1, Oregun/Opebi Link Road, Oregun, P.M.B 21812, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234017228075, 234017736576, 234017912924

Fax: 234017912925 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.westernng.com 537 Name: Financial Standard PRV IN Postal Address: Millennium Harvest Limited, 5, Iyalla Street, Alausa, P.M.B 21805, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234014934891, 234014934494, 234014934996 Fax: 234013451035, 3451036 E-Mail: [email protected]

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Website: www.financialstandardnews.com 538 Name: Business Day PRV IN Postal Address: Business Day Media Limited, 72, Amuwa – Odofin Festac Link Road, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234013454500-3 Fax: 234013454510 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 539 Name: National Mail PRV IN Postal Address: Mentmore Publishers Ltd., 1, Balogun Street, Anifowose, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: Tel:234 017222784 Fax:234 015543096 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 540 Name: National Mirror PRV IN Postal Address: 2k, Obasa Close, Ikeja-Lagos. Tel: Fax: Email: Website: www.nationalmirror.com 541 Name: PM News PRV IN Postal Address: CVL office Press House, 27, Acme Rd., Agidingbi PMB21531, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 234017939286 Fax:234014922983 Email: Website: www.thenewsng.com 542 Name: Nigeria Patriot GOV IN Postal Address: Ebonyi State Newspapers and Printing Corporation, Newspaper House, 2, Waterworks Road, Abakalaliki, Ebonyi State. Tel: 234043221211 Fax: EMail: [email protected] Website: 543 Name: Ebonyi Voice PRV IN Postal Address: Mosco Media Services, P.O. Box 323, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Tel: 234043222160 2348033155569 Fax: Email Website: 544 Name: Nigerian Voice PRV IN Postal Address: Mosco Media Services, P.O. Box 323, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Tel: 234043222160 2348033155569 Fax: Email Website: 545 Name: National Ambassador GOV IN Postal Address: Abia Newspaper and Publishing Cooperation, Nnamdi Azikiwe Secretariat Way, Government New Station Layout, P.M.B. 7245, Umuahia, Abia State. Tel: 2348032695575, 08035071398 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 546 Name: The Nigerian Observer GOV IN Postal Address: Edo State Newspaper Corporation, 24, Airport Road, P.M.B 1334, Benin City, Edo State Tel: 234052257492, 234052257531 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.thenigerianobservernews.com 547 Name: The Sunday Observer GOV IN

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Postal Address: Edo State Newspaper Corporation, 24, Airport Road, P.M.B 1334, Benin City, Edo State Tel: 234052257492, 234052257531 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.thenigerianobservernews.com 548 Name: Independent Monitor PRV IN Postal Address: Independent Monitor, 26, Ikwerre Road. P.O.Box 1932, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 23480457310 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 549 Name: The Tide GOV IN Postal Address: Rivers State Newspaper Corporation, 4, Ikwerre Road, P.M.B 5072, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 234084230298, 23484230299 Fax: 234084230298 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.thetidenews.com 550 Name: The Weekend Tide GOV IN Postal Address: Rivers State Newspaper Corporation, 4, Ikwerre Road, P.M.B 5072 Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 234084230298, 234084230299 Fax: 234084230298 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.thetidenews.com 551 Name: The Tide On Sunday GOV IN Postal Address: Rivers State Newspaper Corporation, 4, Ikwerre Road, P.M.B 5072 Port Harcourt, Rivers State Tel: 234084230298, 234084230299 Fax: 234084230298 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.thetidenews.com 552 Name: The Confluence Express PRV IN Postal Address: People’s Liberation Media Network Library Ltd, Lokoja, Kogi State Tel: 234058227998, 23408036172307 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 553 Name: The Graphic GOV IN Postal Address: Kogi Printing & Publishing Corporation, 21, Olu of Oworo Road, P.M.B 1089, Lokoja, Kogi State Tel: 234058220251, 2348035989267 Fax:234058220736 Email: [email protected] Website: 554 Name: Agribusiness Today PRV IN Postal Address: Greenland Agro Consultant Limited. APC Plaza Near Pioneer Hotels, Off IBB Way, Zone 4, P.O.Box 6931, Wuse, Abuja, FCT Tel: 2348023608676 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 555 Name: New Waves GOV IN Postal Address: Bayelsa State Newspaper Corporation,

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Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Tel: 234089490339 Fax: Email: [email protected] Website: 556 Name: Daily Triumph GOV IN Postal Address: Triumph Publishing Limited, Gidan Sa’adu Zungur, Kano, Kano State Tel: 234064630060 Fax: 234064630060 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.triumphnewspaper.com 557 Name: Weekend Triumph GOV IN Postal Address: Triumph Publishing Limited, Gidan Sa’adu Zungur, Kano, Kano State Tel: 234064630060 Fax: 234064630060 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.triumphnewspaper.com

558 Name: Sunday Triumph GOV IN Postal Address: Triumph Publishing Limited, Gidan Sa’adu Zungur, Kano, Kano State Tel: 234064630060 Fax: 234064630060 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.triumphnewspaper.com 559 Name: New Nigeria GOV IN Postal Address: New Nigeria Newspapers Limited, Ahmadu Bello Way, P.O.Box 254, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 234062244864, 234062245220/1, 23406221377 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 560 Name: New Nigeria Weekly GOV IN Postal Address: New Nigeria Newspapers Limited, Ahmadu Bello Way, P.O.Box 254, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 234062244864, 234062245220/1, 23406221377 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 561 Name: New Nigeria Sunday GOV IN Postal Address: New Nigeria Newspapers Limited, Ahmadu Bello Way, P.O.Box 254, Kaduna, Kaduna State Tel: 234062244864, 234062245220-1, 23406221377 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 562 Name: Daily Star GOV IN Postal Address: Enugu State Printing and Publishing Corporation, 9, Works Road. P.M.B 01139, Enugu, Enugu State Tel: 23404225394 Fax: EMail: [email protected] Website: 563 Name: The State Man GOV IN

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Postal Address: Imo Newspapers Ltd., P.M.B 1095, Egbu Owerri Road, Owerri, Imo State Tel: 234083230116 Fax: E-Mail:[email protected] Website: 564 Name: Sunday State Man GOV IN Postal Address: Imo Newspapers Ltd., P.M.B 1095, Egbu Owerri Road, Owerri, Imo State Tel: 234083230116 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 565 Name: The Nigerian Standard GOV IN Postal Address: Joseph Gomwak House, P.M.B 2112, Jos, Plateau State Tel: Fax: E-Mail: Website: 566 Name: The Voice GOV IN Postal Address: Benue Printing and Publishing Corporation, No 1 Jonahjang Crescent, P.M.B. 102365, Makurdi, Benue State Tel:234 044- 532875 234044- 53592 Fax: Email: Website: 567 Name: Nigerian News Day GOV IN Postal Address: Nasarawa Publishing Company. 11, Jos Road, Opp. New State Secretariat, Laha, Nasarawa State. Tel: 234047220548 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 568 Name: The Path GOV IN Postal Address: Sokoto Newspaper Limited, Gushi Road, P.M.B 2425, Sokoto, Sokoto State Tel: 234060235934, 235977 Fax: 234060233822 E-Mail: Website: 569 Name: The Weekly Legacy GOV IN Postal Address: Zamfara State Printing and Publishing Company, The Legacy House, 23 Sanny Abacha Way, Gusau. P.M.B 01144, Gusau, Zamfara State Tel: 23406320380 Fax: 234063202453 E-Mail: Website: 570 Name: Pioneer GOV IN Postal Address: Akwa Ibom Newspaper Corporation, Off Babaginda Avenue, P.M.B. 1029, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Tel: 2340805203593 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 571 Name: Jigawa Today GOV IN Postal Address: Ministry of Information and Office of Special Adviser on Media Relations. Tel: 234064721127, 234064721456 Fax: E-Mail: Website: 572 Name: Daily Pointer GOV IN

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Postal Address: Delta Printing and Publishing Company Ltd. 278, Nebisi Road, P.M.B. 95061, Asaba, Delta State Tel: 234056280921 Fax: 234056280921 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 573 Name: Sunday Pointer GOV IN Postal Address: Delta Printing and Publishing Company Ltd. 278, Nebisi Road, P.M.B. 95061, Asaba, Delta State Tel: 234056280921 Fax: 234056280921 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 574 Name: Weekend Pointer GOV IN Postal Address: Delta Printing and Publishing Company Ltd. 278, Nebisi Road, P.M.B. 95061, Asaba, Delta State Tel: 234056280921 Fax: 234056280921 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 575 Name: Anambra News PRV IN Postal Address: Dokart Furniture Plaza, Km 10, Old Onitsha Enugu Road, Nkwele Ogidi, P.O.Box 94, Ikenga, Ogidi, Anambra State Tel: 234046611154 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website: 576 Name: The Herald GOV IN Postal Address: Kwara State Printing and Publishing Corporation, New Yidi Road, Ilorin. P.M.B 1369, Ilorin, Kwara State Tel: 23408033588585 Fax: E-Mail: [email protected] Website:

Key Type of Role of institution organization AS-F Farmers EX Extension organizations NGO Non governmental FS Financial organization services AS-W Women’s IN Information associations services OT Other CHU Church-based PP Policy & group planning EDU Educational PS-P Producer institution GOV Government PS-S Supplier department PRV Private enterprise RD Research & development REG Regional RU Rural organization development OT Other TR Training

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Annex 3.2. Select list of key institutions

Name of institution: Abia Newspapers and Publishing Corporation Objective/ mission statement To publicize Abia State Government and the state’s activities adequately To inform, educate and entertain Abia citizens about the activities of Abia State government Field of specialization: It has two titles on its stable. These are their bimonthly newspapers: • National Ambassador and • National Ambassador on Sunday Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Total = 49 Editorial = 20 Commercial = 25 Operations = 4 Branches, other sites:

Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Recurrent = N70, 900, 000 (€405,142.86) Capital = N32, 000, 000 (€182,857.14) Total = N132, 000, 000 (€754,285.71) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors Subvention from Abia State Government and Advertisements and copy sales Programme / projects undertaken: Publication of bimonthly newspapers and advertisements Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): Abia State government, Abia State citizens and as well as citizens of Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bayelsa, Enugu, Ebonyi, Imo, Cross River and Rivers States Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Institution is not aware of CTA nor received publications from CTA. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services Not applicable as institution has not interacted with CTA yet. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): • Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ): Collaboration is through sourcing of information and news from the Nigeria Union of Journalists. • Abia State Agricultural Development Programme provides the institution with agricultural news, events and stories. • United States Information Service (USIS) provides the institution with journals, periodicals and magazines • News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) also provides news items to the institution National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: National policy on ICT has not had any impact on the institutions use of ICTs. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Information needs of the institution are currently met through: • Abia State House • Abia State Ministries

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Name of institution: Abia Newspapers and Publishing Corporation • National Ambassador’s correspondents in the different states • Radio and • Internet Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): • Rural Development Issues • Farm problems and • Information on workshops and conferences focused on ICTs Information materials that are difficult to obtain are materials suitable for mass distribution and those in appropriate languages (indigenous). Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: • Lack of Internet connectivity in the organization • Obsolete computers and printers • Erratic electricity power supply • Inadequate transportation facilities and • Lack of adequate funds Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) Lack of training in information and communication management Why institution was selected as a key: The institution was chosen as it is the only newspaper publishing institution in Abia State. Additionally, its circulation covers the south eastern and south-south states of Nigeria. Therefore it has potentials for mobilizing a wide range of citizens in southern Nigeria especially the southeast. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: Abia State Agricultural Development Programme Objective/ mission statement • To disseminate low-cost labour saving information messages to farming communities in order tom upgrade their knowledge and skills for increased productivity • To design, supervise and control all the engineering activities needed to enable small-scale farmers in food production for improvement of their living standards • To provide relevant and appropriate production technologies and quality – planting materials in crops, Women in Agriculture, livestock, fisheries, agroforestry and land management for increased productivity Field of specialization: • Dissemination of improved agricultural practices and innovations • Training of farmers • Identification of problems and solutions of farmers • Rural infrastructural development Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 360 Technical = 130 Administrative = 67

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Name of institution: Abia State Agricultural Development Programme Branches, other sites: • Abia State ADP, Aba Zone, Opposite Fire Service, Aba • Abia ADP, Umuahia Zone, Ministry of Agriculture, Umuahia. • Abia ADP, Ohafia Zone, Amekpu, Ohafia Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Budget for 2007 is: • Recurrent = N239,713,203.6 (€1,369,789.73) • Capital = N747,302,502 (€4,270,300.01) • Total = N987,015,705.6 (€5,640,089.75) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors • Federal Government of Nigeria • Abia State Government • International Funds for Agricultural Development (IFAD) • United States Agency for International Development (USAID) • Arab Bank Programme / projects undertaken: • Root and Tuber Expansion Programme (RTEP) • National Fadama Development Programme III (NFDPIII) • National Programme for Food Security (NPFS) • Community-Based Natural Resources Management Project (CBNRMP) • Sustainability Project (SP) Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Small-scale farmers in rural communities of Abia State • Processors of food crops in Abia State Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Individual staff members are aware of CTA’s Spore Magazine. They also subscribe to Spore. However, the institution does not subscribe to any of CTA’s publications. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services The individuals that read and subscribe to Spore find it very valuable. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Collaboration is with the following organizations: • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in the supply of new crop varieties, training of staff and subsidizing of technologies for farming • National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Umudike assisting in training of ADP staff especially in extension methods and production at Monthly Technology Review Meetings (MTRMs) • Michael Okpara University of Agriculture assisting with training of ADP staff at MTRMs as well as joint participation in On-Farm Adaptive Research • Other State ADPs exchange information and ideas with Abia State ADP. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The state policy on ICTs has increased ownership of computers/laptops amongst staff members and consequently increased computer literacy of staff.

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Name of institution: Abia State Agricultural Development Programme How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Sources of information include: • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan • Projects Coordinating Unit (PCU), Abuja • National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike • University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) • Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO) • Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike (MOUAU) • Newspapers (Guardian and Vanguard) • Radio – Broadcasting Corporation of Abia State (BCA) • Television—Broadcasting Corporation of Abia State (BCA) Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Agricultural advances to raise productivity • Extension methods • New improved seeds • New methods of processing agricultural produce • Control of diseases in livestock and crops • Improved technologies for production Generally, information materials that are suitable for mass distribution and those in appropriate indigenous languages are difficult to obtain for extension agents and farmers. Getting journal articles, briefings and summaries as well as abstracts for the organization’s subject matter specialists is also difficult. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The main problems are: • Inadequate number of functional computers • Unfavourable attitude towards computer literacy and • Lack of current computer softwares Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc)

Why institution was selected as a key: Abia State Agricultural Development Programme has the mandate for agricultural Extension in the state. Its organizational set up enables it to effectively and efficiently reach out to all categories and scales of farmers.

Other observations: N/A

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Name of institution: All Farmers Association of Nigeria, Abia State Chapter Objective/ mission statement • To serve as the apex body of all farmers associations in Abia State. Its role are primarily coordinative, facilitative, supervisory, regulatory, and liaison. AFAN shall endeavour to unite all farmers in Abia State so that they can have a common voice on matters that affect their welfare, general agricultural development and food security of the state. • To engage in, facilitate, assist and promote the business of farming and general development of agriculture and allied matters in broad terms • Closely monitor, assess, supervise and where possible influence the way state agriculture and food policies and programmes are developed and implemented • Defend the interest of farmers and do whatever is necessary to guarantee their performance and enhance their income through increased / improved productivity Field of specialization: This is an umbrella organization for commodity associations and farmers in Abia State. It however undertakes mobilization of farmers, their training in relevant commodity crops/livestock as well as production of food crops. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Administrative = 6 Professional = 4 Technical = 2 Branches, other sites: Each local government areas of Abia State has a branch Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Recurrent =N4,000,000 (€22,857.14) Capital = N6,000,000 (€34,285.71) Total = N10,000,000 (€57,142.86) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors • Membership dues • Revenue from training and workshops • Sales of improved seedlings and ornamentals • Donations from governmental and non governmental agencies Programme / projects undertaken: • Training of farmers in poultry production, beekeeping, catfish production, cassava production/value-addition, snailry and agricultural business management. • Organization and mobilization of farmers into groups and commodity organizations • Liaise between farmers and government and non governmental agencies in identification and solving of problems/needs • Organize farmers’ shows and exhibitions Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): Farmers in Abia State Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Some members are aware of and subscribe to CTA’s Spore Magazine. The organization is however currently not subscribing to any of CTA’s publications. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services The members that subscribe to Spore Magazine evaluate it as very informative.

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Name of institution: All Farmers Association of Nigeria, Abia State Chapter Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): • AFAN collaborate with the following institutions: • National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Umudike trains AFAN members in cassava improved production technologies • Ministry of Agriculture, Umudike provides an office space for AFAN as well supplies its members with farm inputs • Abia State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) collaborates in training of farmers and dissemination of improved technologies and practices • Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike partakes in training of farmers • Abia State University, Uturu, also provides training to AFAN members • Chambers of Commerce, Umudike and Export Promotion Council are involved in assisting AFAN members in marketing and exhibition of their products • National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP), National Directorate of Employment and Nigerian Agricultural Credit and Rural Development Bank, (NACRDB) assist in the provision of micro-credit. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: AFAN is a beneficiary of Abia State Government’s supply of computers to organizations. The state government donated two computers to the organization. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: AFAN sources for information from the following: • National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike (NRCRI) • National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, (NCRI) • Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, Benin City, (NIFOR) • National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, (NIHORT) • Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, (MOUAU) • Abia State University, Uturu • Abia State Agricultural Development Programme, (ADP) • Abia State Ministry of Agriculture • All Farmers Association of Nigeria, Headquarters, Abuja • Newspapers • Radio stations –Broadcasting Corporation of Abia (BCA) and • National Television Authority (NTA) Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): • Value-addition of cassava, oil palm, maize, pig, poultry and fruits • Processing and preservation of farm products • Marketing and marketing potentials of cassava, oil palm, maize, pig, poultry and fruits. • Improved varieties of crops and breeds of animals • Training on ICTs AFAN finds it difficult to obtain materials that are suitable for mass distribution and those in pictorial formats.

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Name of institution: All Farmers Association of Nigeria, Abia State Chapter Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: • Inadequate office space • Tedious data collection procedure (requires physical contact in spatially disperse areas) • Lack of GSM network signals in AFAN’s areas of operation and • Irregular power supply Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc)

Why institution was selected as a key: AFAN is a network organization for all farmers and commodity organizations in Abia State. It can reach out and mobilize farmers and their commodity organizations through its network of local government area chapters. Similarly, it is connected with the Headquarters of AFAN thereby providing an indirect national outreach. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: Idea Builders Objective/ mission statement • To build the capacity of people, and foster community development partnerships. • The objectives are: • To build skills and enhance micro-enterprise opportunities for people to make a living through secure livelihood and MSME projects • To foster the creation of community wealth by mobilizing initiatives that address the needs of the poor and effect lasting community renewal • To promote smart growth and liveable communities by generating social interest and economic opportunities within the community • To improve the quality of life and opportunities for positive change in communities by mobilizing and leveraging philanthropic capital, investment capital, social capital and natural resources in a responsible and equitable manner Field of specialization: • Micro Enterprise Development • Capacity building • Community Renewal and • Advocacy Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Administration = 3 Technical = 3 Professional = 5 Casual Support Staff = 3

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Name of institution: Idea Builders Branches, other sites: Head Office 5th Floor, Suites 540-541, NIPOST House, Obalende, Lagos Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): The 2006/2007 budget is: Recurrent = N1,500,000 (€8,571.43) Capital = N2,000,000 (€11,428.57) Total = N3,500,000 (€20,000) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors • Grants from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Abia State Agricultural Development Programme • Voluntary donations from community members Programme / projects undertaken: • Piggery • Cassava Production • Plantain and Banana production • Capacity Building • Computer Skill Acquisition and • Cooperative Development Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): Women, men and youth farmers in Abia and Akwa Ibom States. Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Some staff members are aware of CTA’s activities. However, the organization does not currently subscribe to any of CTA’s publications. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services This is not applicable as the organization has not received any of CTA’s products or services. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Idea Builders collaborates with these organizations in the following ways: • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), through On-Farm Adaptive Research for IITA’s cassava processing equipment (Demonstration) • National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike (NRCRI) through joint training of farmers, supply of improved cassava cuttings and processing of cassava products • Abia State Agricultural Development Programme organizes training for Idea Builders Staff and community members on improved agricultural practices • Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) provides special professionals to assist the organization in the implementation of its activities • Presidential Initiative on Doubling Maize Production in Nigeria (PIDOM) carries out joint research activities on maize seeds with Idea Builders. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: There has been no impact. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Idea Builders obtains information from: • Abia State Agricultural Development Programme • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) • National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, (NRCRI) • Institute of Agriculture, Research and Training, (IAR&T), Ibadan and • Internet

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Name of institution: Idea Builders Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Main information needs are: • Cassava Production, Processing and Marketing • Training and installation of servers and Internet facilities • Training in computer programming (JAVA, PASCAL) • Plantain, banana and pine apple production and • Preservation techniques Idea Builders does not easily have access to materials that are suitable for mass distribution. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The major problems are: • Lack of qualified staff to maintain ICTs and • Lack of training on the use of updated softwares Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) Over 1000 women have been trained in income generating activities. It has also provided services to over 4000 secondary beneficiaries. Why institution was selected as a key: Idea Builders is located in a peri-urban-rural that makes its services readily available to the grassroots as well as some urban poor. Also it is already collaborating with an international organization (IITA) which is a likely indication of its viable and reliable status. Other observations: Idea Builders is well equipped with several computers that will enhance its capacity building mandate. Indeed its infrastructural base will provide enabling environment for training and documentation purposes.

Name of institution: Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Objective/ mission statement The university has a mission to develop and set up an administrative structure in line with the technical advice proffered by eminent scholars and administrators as well as the articulated academic brief of the university. The objectives include: • Developing and offering academic and professional programmes leading to the award of diplomas, first and higher degrees • Producing socially mature graduates with capacity to contribute to the scientific transformation of agriculture in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the tropical rainforest and derived savannah zones of the south east agroecological zone of Nigeria. Field of specialization: • Training • Research • Community Service Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: • Academic = 296 • Non academic (Senior staff) = 325 • Non academic (Junior staff) = 550

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Name of institution: Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Branches, other sites: None Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Budget for 2007 is: • Recurrent = N1,226,351,846 (€7,007,724.83) • Capital = N224,350,000 (€1,282,000) • Total = N1,450,701,846 (€8,232581.98) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors • Federal Government • Endowment Funds (Banks & Development agencies) • Internally generated funds from agricultural production Programme / projects undertaken: • B.Sc. Agriculture • B. Agric Business • B.Sc. Engineering • M.Sc. Agriculture • Ph.D. Agriculture • PGD Agriculture Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): Youths and students in Nigeria Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Institution is aware of CTA’s services. It receives Spore Magazine and other CTA publications. However it has not participated in CTA’s seminars or training programmes Appreciation of CTA’s products and services The institution found CTA’s Spore Magazine and other publications very useful in teaching and research. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The university collaborates with the under listed institutions in the following ways: • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan: joint participation in research projects, training and sourcing of funds. • State Agricultural Development Programmes are provided research findings of the university as well as given back-up training in relevant agricultural production areas. • Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC): The university collaborates with NDDC in disseminating improved agricultural technologies to rural farmers. • National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI): The university collaborates with NRCRI in provision of research and extension back-up to state Agricultural Development Programmes. The two institutions jointly use research and teaching facilities. Researchers of NRCRI also serve as part time lecturers in the university. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The Computer for All Nigerians Initiative (CANI) has created awareness of ICTS amongst staff and has also spurred staff to become computer literate.

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Name of institution: Michael Okpara University of Agriculture How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Sources of information include: • Internet • International Institute of Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan • International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) • National Centre for Engineering and Agricultural Mechanization (NCEMA), Ilorin • State Agricultural Development Programmes • Journals • Conferences • Seminars • Workshops and • Publications Publications not easily available are journals, abstracts, briefings and summaries. Also materials suitable for mass distributions are not available. Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): • Information that will enable the university keep abreast with innovations in agricultural development. • Information on training on telecommunication • Maintenance and repairs of VSAT structures Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: • Payment of VSAT subscription (N80,000/quarter) • Lack of manpower training in Programming and System Analyst • Lack of regular electricity supply Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) The university has domesticated some wildlife species like grass cutters and monitor lizard. Additionally, it has model farm centre for testing of improved technologies and demonstration to farmers. Why institution was selected as a key: The institution is an agricultural university that has a regional mandate for the rainforest and derived savannah zones of the agro-ecological zone of south eastern Nigeria. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Objective/ mission statement To provide the necessary environment for the production, processing and marketing of value-added products of root and tuber crops towards national food security, income generation, gainful employment and rapid industrial development.

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Name of institution: National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Field of specialization: • Research into the genetic improvement of root and tuber crops • Research into the entire farming systems of southeast agroecological zone of Nigeria • Execute agricultural extension services in liaison with relevant federal and state agencies and • Provide technical/vocational training for farmers, students and agro-based industrialists Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 64 Technical = 73 Administrative = 496 Branches, other sites: • Kuru, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria • Otobi, Benue State, North Central Nigeria • Igbariam, Anambra State, South East Nigeria • Nyanya, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja • Gassol, Taraba State, North Central Nigeria • Kachia, Kaduna State, North Central Nigeria Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): The budget for 2005 was: Recurrent = N701,228,317 (€4,007,018.95) Capital = N114,362,379 (€653,499.31) Total = N815,590,696 (€4,660,518.26) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors The main sources of funds are: • Federal Government of Nigeria and • Grants from other agencies Programme / projects undertaken: • Genetic improvement of cassava • Agronomy and soil fertility studies in cassava • In-country germplasm collection of sweet potato • Plant protection studies in sweet potato • Characterization, classification and conservation of sugar beet and other root crops of economic importance in Nigeria • Response of hybrid yam to minisetting and planting geometry Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Farmers in southeast agroecological zone • Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) in the 9 states of southeast and south-south zones of Nigeria • Industries Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The Institute is aware of CTA’s activities. It also receives Spore Magazine, CTA publications and SDI. One institute staff attended CTA’s Workshop on Advanced Website Design organized in Ghana in 2005. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services The institute highly appreciates CTA’s publications.

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Name of institution: National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The institute collaborates with the following organizations: • World Bank • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture • International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) • International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombo • International Laboratory for Tropical Agricultural Biotechnology (ILTAB) • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna • National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Development (NACGRAB), Abuja • National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja • Shell Development Corporation • Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) • State Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) • Federal/State Universities in the southeast • Presidential Initiatives on Root and Tuber Expansion Programme (RTEP) • Special Programme on Food Security (SPFS) • Pre-emptive Project on East African Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) and • Cassava Enterprises Development Project (CEDP)

The areas of collaboration are: • Funding of project • Joint implementation of projects • Provision of equipment and chemicals • Provision of germplasm to the institute and • Training of institute staff National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The impact has been on increased communication through hand sets among institute staff. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Sources include: • CTA • Michael Okpara University of Agriculture • State Agricultural Development Programmes • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) • Newspapers • Radio and • Television

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Name of institution: National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): • Crop production statistics • Water management studies • Plant disease control • Processing and utilization of root and tuber crops • Storage of root and tuber crops • Marketing and packaging of root and tuber crops • Export prices • Data analysis • Computer appreciation • Website development and management

It is difficult to obtain information from Journals due to inability to pay their subscription dues. Also obtaining information from foreign language publications is problematic. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: • Internet facilities especially subscription for bandwidth is very expensive (N80000/month) • Insufficient computers and laptops • Scientists inability to subscribe to international e-journals • Lack of exposure to website design and computer networking Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) The institute has released 17 varieties of cassava to farmers. In collaboration with IITA, the institute has also developed and released 7 yam hybrids to farmers. Why institution was selected as a key: Root and tuber crops are major staples in Nigeria. NRCRI has a mandate to research and extend improved technologies and practices of these staples. Therefore its economic importance as well as scope of coverage in Nigeria makes it a key institution for agricultural development. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: Borno State Agricultural Development Programme Objective/ mission statement The objectives of the Programme are: • To improve agricultural extension strength for regular agronomic, livestock, fisheries and regular advice to small-scale farmers through extension agents • To establish agricultural inputs supply unit for efficient distribution of seeds, fertilizers, agrochemicals and other farm inputs all over the state • To construct rural feeder roads to enhance rural communication in the areas and • To provide water for small-scale irrigation, human and livestock consumption through the drilling of boreholes, tube wells, wash boreholes, cement well and livestock ponds.

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Name of institution: Borno State Agricultural Development Programme Field of specialization: Dissemination of improved agricultural and rural development practices and technologies and Training of farmers Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Administrative/clerical = 79 Technical = 744 Professional = 30 Branches, other sites: Zone 1 Headquarters, Biu, Borno State

Zone II Headquarters, Bama, Borno State.

Zone III Headquarters, Kukawa, Borno State Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Recurrent = N272,000,000 (€1,554,285.71) Capital = N150,000,000 (€857,142.86)) Total = N422,000,000 (€2,411,428.57) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors • State Government (N342,000,000) • Federal Government (N40,000,000) • International Fund for Agricultural Development • African Development Bank (ADB) Programme / projects undertaken: • Formation of radio groups • Dissemination of improved practices • Promoting Sustainable Agriculture in Borno State (PROSAB) in 4 local government areas • National Food Security Programme in 9 local government areas • IFAD Community-based Agricultural Programme • Fadama Development Project • Conventional Extension Programme based on visitation to farmers on demand and • HIV awareness campaign Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Farmers in Borno State • Fish farmers • Livestock farmers • Youth groups and • Nomadic farmers Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Organization is aware of CTA’s activities. However, it is currently not subscribing for its publication. Individuals within the organization do subscribe to Spore Magazine and other publications based on credits allocated to them individually.

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Name of institution: Borno State Agricultural Development Programme Appreciation of CTA’s products and services The individuals who subscribe to Spore and other publications noted that they are very informative and useful in the discharge of their extension duties.

Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The ADP collaborates with the following organizations: • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture collaborates in establishment of trials and sharing of information. • Other institutions such as University of Maiduguri, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), University of Ibadan (UI), Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI), Agricultural Research and Management Training Institute (ARMTI), National Agricultural Extension Research and Liaison Services (NAERLS) and Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, provide training for members of staff of the ADP. • Other state ADPs share information with Borno State ADP National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: None How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • Projects Coordinating Unit (PCU) • University of Maiduguri • Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI) • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture • National Agricultural Extension Research and Liaison Services • University of Ibadan • Veterinary Research Institute, Vom • Spore Magazine • CTA’s publications • Radio • Television • Trade Fairs and • Field Days Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Main information needs are: • Farm problems • Gender Issues • Conferences and Meetings • Trade Fairs • Development and Funding Programmes • Communication skills • Training for developers of radio training programmes • Train-the-trainers skills for extension agents Generally, journals and publications in appropriate languages are difficult to obtain. Materials suitable for mass distribution are also not easy to come by.

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Name of institution: Borno State Agricultural Development Programme Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Main problems encountered are: • Irregular electricity supply • Obsolete and few computers • Low computer literacy among staff and • Lack of Internet connectivity Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) The organization quantifies attained annual performance targets. This includes number of farm families, number of extension agents, number of MTRMs and FNTs conducted, radio programmes and television programmes aired as well as OFAR and certified seeds produced. Its mobilization potentials are enormous.

Why institution was selected as a key: The coverage of Borno ADP is state wide. Its target audience also is very extensive including male, women, youths and adults focusing on agricultural and rural development. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: Lake Chad Research Institute Objective/ mission statement Its mission is “Research for development”. The objectives are: • The genetic improvement of wheat, millet and barley. • Investigation of the problems of production of all agricultural food crops grown in the broad ecological zone covered by Borno, Yobe and Adamawa States and more recently, Bauchi and Gombe States, with emphasis on farming systems including livestock, tree crops and agroforestry. • Conduct agricultural extension and research liaison services with the relevant federal and state ministries, primary agricultural producers, industries and other users of research in collaboration with National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) • Provide laboratory and other technical services to farmers, agro-based industries and others needing these services Field of specialization: Research, training and extension services in agricultural and rural development. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Total = 236 Professional = 24 Technical = 22 Administrative = 190 Branches, other sites: It has outstations at Baga, Mallam-Fatori and Ngala in Borno State Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): The 2007 budget was: Recurrent = N187,289,304 (€1,070,224.59) Capital = N18,862,240 (€107,784.23) Total = N205,597,878 (€1,174,845.02)

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Name of institution: Lake Chad Research Institute Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors • Federal Government • Revenue generated from sale of commodities (seeds) Programme / projects undertaken: • Collection and maintenance of pearl millet germplasm • Improvement of elite pearl millet hybrid parental lines of DM resistance in Nigeria • Improvement of elite pearl millet cultivars to Striga resistance in Nigeria • Identification of sources of resistance to millet stem borer and headminer • Calibration of level of resistance to DM in Nigerian pearl millet cultivars • Determination of the optimum rates of N and P for pearl millet hybrids • Wheat germplasm maintenance • High temperature bread wheat yield trial • Semi-arid wheat yield trial • High rainfall wheat yield trial • Elite spring wheat yield trial • Barley germplasm maintenance • Early maturing barley yield trial • Hull-less barley yield trial • On-farm pre-release evaluation of hybrid millet for adaptation • On-farm pre-release evaluation of wheat varieties for adaptation under rain fed and irrigated conditions • On-farm pre-release evaluation of promising barley varieties for adaptation under rain fed and irrigated conditions • Diagnostic survey of parasitic weed species and losses in N.E. zone • Pilot production of wheat and barley for industries • Small scale production of malted barley and malt extracts and quality tests with industries • Preliminary studies on the production of couscous from the different millet hybrids and open pollinated cultivars • Physico-chemical analysis on the couscous market acceptability and shelf life • Development of new product from millet and wheat • Physico-chemical analysis on the tsari flour and Akamu (dried) and determination of the shelf life • End-use quality determination for new varieties of millet, wheat and barley • Agroforestry community based nurseries • Fisheries development for production of fingerlings Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Farmers in Borno, Yobe, Bauchi, Adamawa and Gombe States • Breweries in Borno, Yobe, Bauchi, Adamawa and Gombe States • Pharmaceutical industry in Borno, Yobe, Bauchi, Adamawa and Gombe States • Beverage industry in Borno, Yobe, Bauchi, Adamawa and Gombe States • Confectionaries industry in Borno, Yobe, Bauchi, Adamawa and Gombe States Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The institute is aware of CTA’s activities. It is a recipient of CTA’s Spore Magazine and other publications, DORA and QAS.

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Name of institution: Lake Chad Research Institute Appreciation of CTA’s products and services The institute obtains information and facts that are relevant to its research mandate from CTA’s publications. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The institute interacts with the following organizations: • International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) provides LCRI with germplasm of wheat and barley. • International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) provides LCRI also with germplasm as well as capacity building of LCRI’s staff • Sassawa 2000 collaborates with LCRI in joint wheat trials through on-farm and on-station research. • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) provides cowpea seeds to LCRI and also conducts joint trials with LCRI with the latter supplying the technical staff component of these trials. • Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR), Zaria provides the seeds in their joint trials of sorghum, groundnut and cowpea. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: None How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Sources of information are: • CTA’s publications • ICRISAT Annual Reports • IITA Annual Reports • INTSOMIL Annual Report • Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) • University of Maiduguri • Internet Publications in foreign languages are considered as difficult format from which to obtain information. Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Information needs are: • Integrated pest management • Value-addition (Packaging) • Breeding Survey techniques and • Current agricultural research directions Materials that are difficult to obtain are journals, abstracts and briefings and summaries. Also materials that are suitable for mass distribution are difficult to obtain. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The main problems are: • Lack of training in information sourcing and • Lack of connectivity to the Internet

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Name of institution: Lake Chad Research Institute Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) The institute has released the following improved varieties to farmers: • Wheat: Seri M82 in 1997, Cettia and Linfen in 2005 • Millet: SOSAT-C88 released in 2000, Hybrid millet (LCICMH-1) released in 2005 • The institute also offers soil analysis, pest control services, computer and data processing services and establishment and pilot production projects (micro-mill) Why institution was selected as a key: The institute was chosen because of the importance of its mandate crops coupled with its regional coverage (North Eastern) of Nigeria. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: Radio Nigeria, Peace FM 102.5, Maiduguri Objective/ mission statement To be an impartial, credible, proactive broadcast medium in the forefront of Nigeria’s national development, unity and progress. Field of specialization: Information dissemination. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Administration = 1 Technical = 9 Professional = 7 Branches, other sites: It is a state FM station of the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): N6,000,000 (€342,857.14) excluding salary paid by Federal Government Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors The main sources of funding are: • Federal Government of Nigeria and • Internally generated revenue from commercials and advertisements Programme / projects undertaken: • Agricultural programmes (E.g. Akoma Goma) • Sports programmes • Health-related programmes (E.g. Health Tips in Hausa/Kanuri) • Educational programmes (E.g. Children’s Time) • Women’s programmes (E.g. Mata Kume Gida) • Current Affairs Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Farmers (Youths, male and women) • All Nigerians Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Organization is not aware of CTA’s activities Appreciation of CTA’s products and services Not applicable

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Name of institution: Radio Nigeria, Peace FM 102.5, Maiduguri Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): • University of Maiduguri sends bulletins as well as provides guest speakers to the station • Commonwealth Broadcasting Association (CBA) sends information on training courses to the station • Borno State Agricultural Development Programme collaborates in the production of agricultural programmes broadcast by the station. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: None How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: • Non governmental agencies • Ministry of Agriculture • Local Government Councils • University of Maiduguri Bulletin • Newspapers • Nigeria Television Authority and • Internet Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): • Editing of reports • Farmers problems and • Technical information The materials that are difficult to obtain are those that are suitable for mass distribution and those in appropriate languages (indigenous). Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The major problems are: • Lack of connection to the national electricity grid • Inadequate vehicles for news gathering and administrative logistics • Insufficient computers and • Inadequate recording machines and CDs Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc)

Why institution was selected as a key: The station has state wide coverage and broadcast agricultural programmes in local languages. Other observations: N/A

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Name of institution: University of Maiduguri Objective/ mission statement To be a first class institution committed to impacting knowledge and to extending its frontiers using the best of MAN and MACHINE. Field of specialization: • Training of students in different academic disciplines • Research and • Community Service Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: N/A

Branches, other sites: None Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): N1,920,660,623.11 (€10,975,203.56) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors Sources of funds are: • Federal Government • Internally generated revenue • Grants from external agencies Programme / projects undertaken: • First Degree Programmes (B.Sc and B.A) • Master of Science Degree Programmes • Post Graduate Diploma Programmes • Doctor of Philosophy Programmes Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Students • Teachers • Researchers • Farmers Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The University is aware of CTA’s activities. While individual staff members subscribe to Spore Magazine and other CTA publication, there is no institutional subscription. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services Individual staff members who subscribe to CTA’s publication find them useful in teaching and research activities.

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Name of institution: University of Maiduguri Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): • Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) provides funds for the Programme on Sustainable Agriculture in Borno State (PROSAB) in which the university is a collaborator • United States Agency for International Development (USAID) provides grants to the Faculty of Agriculture • Lake Chad Research Institute: The university provides resource persons to the institute in their training programmes • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture provides funds for the Drought Tolerant Maize in Africa Programme of the Faculty of Agriculture • Federal Ministry of Agriculture funds the Dairy Goats Project of the North East Zone • Borno State Agricultural Programme: The Faculty of Agriculture trains staff of the state ADP and participates in its extension activities. • Silsoe College collaborates with the university in the training of the latter’s staff members. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The Computer for All Nigerians Initiative (CANI) of the Federal Government of Nigeria and the Skye Bank’s subsidy for purchase of computers through instalmental payment have facilitated more staff members’ acquisition of computers in the university. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • Ministry of Agriculture • Agricultural Development Programme • Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI) • National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) • International Institute of Agriculture (IITA) • International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) • ICRISAT • CTA publications • Journals • Radio • Television • Newspapers and • Colleagues Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): As a university its needs are broad based. Therefore information needs are in the following broad areas: • Farm problems • Rural development • Technical and • Training information Publications that are difficult to obtain are journals and abstracts.

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Name of institution: University of Maiduguri Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Main problems encountered are: • Irregular power supply • Lack of space for expansion • Inadequate funding and • Lack of training in computer appreciation and application Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) None Why institution was selected as a key: University of Maiduguri is a Federal institution with a national mandate but located in the north eastern zone of Nigeria. Its covers a diverse group of audience that provides multiplier effects in several folds. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution Centre for Women Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation Objective/ mission statement To attain a poverty-free society Field of specialization: Capacity building, advocacy and community development Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 2 Administrative = 3 Volunteers = 8 Branches, other sites: • No 45 Seriki Street, Kaltungo, Gombe, Gombe State • No 43 Low Cost Housing Unit, Minna, Niger State Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): 2006 budget was: N14,000,000 (€80,000) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors Main sources of funds are: • Grants • Consultancy Fees • Board Donations • Sale of finished goods and • Levies from groups Programme / projects undertaken: • Capacity building for community-based organization and non governmental organizations • Reduction of the impact of HIV/AIDS • Micro-credit to women farmers • Training on processing of agricultural products and • In-School programmes on reproductive health for schools children

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Name of institution Centre for Women Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Women farmers • Women traders • Market women • Out-of-school youths • Community men Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The organization is aware of CTA’s activities. However, it has neither received its publications nor attended its seminars and training programmes. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services This is not applicable as it has not received its services or products. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The organization has had collaborative training activities with International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, (IITA), OXFAM, Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA), Kaduna State Action Committee on AIDS (SACA) and Strengthening Nigeria Response to HIV/AIDS (SNR). It received family planning materials from Family Health International (FHI) while the Society for Family Health (SFH) and John Hopkins’s University (JHU) provide it with information, education and communication (IEC) materials. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The national policy has made it possible for the organization to communicate more effectively with key stakeholders through use of Global system for mobile communication and the Internet. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) • Ministry of Agriculture • Magazines • Radio • Television • Newspapers • Internet and • Trade Fairs Publications in foreign languages are considered as difficult formats from which to obtain information. Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Information needs are: • Modern farming techniques appropriate for women in rural communities • Gender gaps • Report writing of field data • Marketing information and • HIV/AIDS information Materials for mass distribution and those in appropriate languages are difficult to obtain. Similarly, pictorial information is not easily available.

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Name of institution Centre for Women Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Major problems encountered are: • Dependence on personal generator for electricity supply • Loss of documents and information due to “crashing” of computers • Lack of trained staff in information and communication management (ICM). Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc)

Why institution was selected as a key This organization is relevant as it focuses on women and youths in three states of northern Nigeria. Its scope of activities which includes agriculture and health issues is very germane as the latter have major economic consideration on agricultural productivity. The organization is located in an area that is easily accessible in Kaduna Other observations The organization is located in an area that is easily accessible and within reach of other rural and agricultural development agencies.

Name of institution Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project Objective/ mission statement The objectives are: • To increase food production, farm incomes, living standard of rural populace in the state • Provision of rural infrastructure such as roads, water, farm inputs • Provision of extension services Field of specialization: • Agricultural production • Rural development • Dissemination of improved agricultural technologies • Extension services Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 153 Technical = 320 Administrative = 74 Branches, other sites: Kaduna State ADP Maigana Zone Kaduna State ADP, Lere Zone Kaduna State ADP, Samaru Zone Kaduna State ADP, Birnin Gwari Zone Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Its budget is as follows: Capital: N1,718,000,000 (€9,817,142.86) Recurrent: N1,517,200,000 (€8,669,714.29) Total = N3,235,200,000 (€18,486857.14)

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Name of institution Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors Main sources of funding are: • Kaduna State Government • Development Partners (International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), World Bank) • Federal Government of Nigeria Programme / projects undertaken: • Root and Tuber Expansion Programme in 5 local government areas of the state • National Programme on Food Security in all local government area of the state • National Fadama Development Programme in all local government areas and • New Rice for Africa (NERICA) Project in 4 zones of the ADP • Community-based Agriculture and Rural Development Project in 9 local government areas of the state. Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Root and Tuber Programme is for cassava farmers • Food Security Programme is for all crop farmers • NERICA is for rice farmers • Community-based programme is for all rural populace Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Kaduna ADP is aware of CTA’s activities. It is a recipient of Spore magazine. However, it has neither sent a staff member to attend CTA’s seminars nor benefited from CTA’s training programmes. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services Articles read in Spore Magazines have increased their knowledge on agricultural production. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The organization collaborates within these organizations in the following ways: • United States Agency for International Development (USAID) assist with training on livelihood activities • Department for International Development (UK) (DFID) trains staff on collection of commodity prices • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) assist with funding of the Root and Tuber Expansion Programme (RTEP) • World Bank assist with the funding of the Fadama programme • African Development Bank (ADB) provides funds for the Community-based Agricultural and Rural Development Project • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture collaborates in the training of staff in new technologies of cereals and root crops • National Agricultural Extension Research and Liaison Services (NAERLS) also assist with training as well as provision of relevant extension publications • Institute of Agriculture (IAR): The ADP collaborates with IAR in establishing On-Station trials of seeds as well as On-Farm trials to outgrowers. IAR similarly provides the ADP with publications. • Ahmadu Bello University, University of Ibadan and Agricultural Research and Management Training Centre (ARMTI) are all involved in the training of ADP staff and farmers.

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Name of institution Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: None How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Sources of information are: • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) • Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation (CTA) • National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) • Institute of Agriculture (IAR) • Radio • Television • Newspapers Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): • Living standards • New technologies of crops, livestock and fisheries • Entrepreneurship skills • Pests and disease control and • Transplanting of tree crops Journals, briefings and summaries, materials suitable for mass distribution are difficult to obtain. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Main problems encountered are: Lack of adequate funds and Computer operators’ lack of training in current operation skills Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc): None Why institution was selected as a key: Kaduna ADP is the organization with the statutory mandate for extension activities. It therefore has content scope that covers rural and agricultural development with focus on a variety of audiences. However, its special programme on Women-in-Agriculture provides a veritable forum for reaching out to this sub category. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Kaduna National Station Objective/ mission statement: To reposition Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria Kaduna to maintain its lead as the best of the FRCN National Stations by being commercially viable, technologically driven, educationally and culturally relevant Field of specialization: Information dissemination

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Name of institution: Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Kaduna National Station Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Technical/Engineering = 81 Administrative/clerical = 74 Programmes = 156 Management = 10 Branches, other sites: None Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Budget is at the headquarters Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: • Federal Government and • Internally generated revenue from commercials Programme / projects undertaken: • Current Affairs • News Programme • Sports Programme • Let’s Go Farming (Agric Programme) • Hausa Agricultural Programme • Society Today • Science World • Enviro-Watch • Drama (English and Hausa) and • Health Programme Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): Nigerians Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Radio station is not aware of CTA’s activities Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Not Applicable Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Collaboration with institutions is in the following ways: • Resources persons are obtained from Ahmadu Bello University, Kaduna Polytechnic and National Institute of Trypanosomiasis Research. • Sources of Information: NAERLS and IAR provide the radio station with relevant information. • Participation in Programme: The United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) participates in the Station’s children’s programmes. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The introduction of Computer for All Initiative by the Federal Government of Nigeria has assisted towards making staff computer literate.

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Name of institution: Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Kaduna National Station How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The information sources are: • Ahmadu Bello University • Kaduna Polytechnic • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) • United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) • Internet • Newspapers • Conferences and • Seminars Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): The information needs are: • Farm problems • Social development information • Conferences, meetings • Trade Fairs • Gender Issues • Credit and micro-credit and • Application of communication technologies Materials suitable for mass distribution and those in appropriate languages are difficult to obtain. Visually aided materials are also not easily available. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The main problems are: • Inadequate funding • Inadequate staff • Transformation of materials from analogue to digital formats and • Lack of training in information and communication management Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) The radio station is usually supplied agricultural programmes by state agricultural development programmes as well as by NAERLS. Why institution was selected as a key: The radio station is one of the four FRCN national radio stations. It has a national coverage and a long tradition of broadcasting agricultural programmes both in English and local languages. Other observations: N/A

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Name of institution: Ganty’s Aid for Widows, Orphans and the Needy Objective/ mission statement: Replacing tears of sorrow with tears of joy within society. The objectives are: • Economic empowerment through advancement of interest free micro-credit • Creating awareness on dreaded diseases like HIV/AIDS, their prevention and treatment/management • Equipping members with modern agricultural methods such as tree cropping/animal husbandry • Fighting and sustaining the rights of members through provision of free legal aid. Field of specialization: Community development, empowerment, advocacy and agricultural production. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 4 Technical = 3 Administrative = 8 Unskilled = 19 Total = 34 Branches, other sites: C 122T, Rukuba Road, Jos, Plateau State Majamia Road, Sabon Yelwa, Sabotancha, Kaduna State. Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): 2007 budget is: Recurrent = N5,000,000 (€28,571.43) Capital = N13,600,000 (€77,714.29) Total = N18,600,000 (€106,285.71) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: • Founder’s contribution through Ganty’s Ventures Limited • Sale of products and income generating activities Programme / projects undertaken: • Ginger Seed Multiplication Programme • Cassava Production and Processing • Fish Farming and Marketing • Cattle Rearing/Fattening • HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Programme • Orphans and Vulnerable Children’s Development Programme • Micro-financing and Cooperative Activities Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Widows • Orphans • Children and • Physically challenged (needy) Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Some members of staff of the organization are aware of CTA’s activities. However, neither individuals nor the organization is currently a recipient of CTA’s publications. Also they have not attended CTA’s seminars or training programmes. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Not applicable as they have not received CTA’s products or services.

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Name of institution: Ganty’s Aid for Widows, Orphans and the Needy Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): These organizations collaborate in the following ways with GAWON: • International Centre for AIDS Care and Treatment Problem, University of Colombia, New York, provides testing kits and materials as well as provides financial support in terms of payment of some staff salaries • Grace Fellowship Community Church, San Francisco, USA, has collaborated in training of staff and provision of literature • Youth Abundant Life Community Church (ALCC), Pasadena, USA, donated the organization’s Computer Centre • International Foundation for Entrepreneur Education (IFEE), California, USA, has sponsored GAWON’s staff’s participation at their seminars • Fantsuam Foundation, Kafachan has supplied computers to GAWON Foundation. • ECWA Widow School, Samaru, Kataf, provides resource persons for GAWON’s training programmes as well as trains participants (widows) from GAWON Foundation. • Nowa Computers Ltd, Kafachan provides subsidized computer and Internet services to GAWON Foundation. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The national policy on computers has increased awareness and the need for ICTS. Also the use of global system for mobile communication has eased information search and dissemination. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: • Kaduna Agricultural Development Programme • Ataya Community Bank • Central Bank of Nigeria • Government Hospital, Kafachan • Newspapers • Magazines • Radio • Personal contact with target groups Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): The main information needs are: • Information on networking in agriculture, health, micro-financing, cooperatives and ICM • Funding sources • Marketing of products • Recent developments/findings and technologies in cassava and ginger production as well as fisheries • Conferences and trainings Journals, abstracts and materials suitable for mass distribution are difficult to obtain. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The major problems are: • Lack of accessibility to Internet facilities • Lack of experience in information and communication management • Isolation of community from major cities and • Inadequate staff

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Name of institution: Ganty’s Aid for Widows, Orphans and the Needy Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc)

Why institution was selected as a key: GAWON is a unique non governmental organization with its focus on widows, youths and the needy. It is located in a rural setting that affords it the opportunity of reaching out to the rural populace. Its coverage of agricultural and health related problems provides an integrated approach for rural and community development. Also its linkage with some granting bodies gives it sufficient leverage for furthering its activities based on established performance record. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services Objective/ mission statement: To develop, collate, evaluate, disseminate agricultural technologies and conduct research in agricultural extension methodologies and policy: and to enhance capacity building through training so as to meet the present needs and future challenges of the country. Field of specialization: Agricultural Extension, training and policy Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Academic (professional) = 44 Technical = 22 Clerical = 45 Branches, other sites: • Northwest Zonal Office, NAERLS, P.M.B. 1067, Zaria, Kaduna State • Northeast Zonal Office, c/o Lake Chad Research Institute, P.M.B. 1293, Maiduguri, Borno State • Middlebelt Zonal Office, c/o National Cereals Research Institute, P.O. Box 770, Bida, Niger State • Southeast Zonal Office, c/o National Root Crops Research Institute, P.M.B. 1006, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State • Southwest Zonal Office, c/o Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Oyo State. Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): The 2007 budget is: Capital = N19,900,900 (€113,714.29) Recurrent = N17,400,000 (€99,428.57) Total = N37,300,000 (€21,142.86) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: Federal Government Granting agencies

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Name of institution: National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services Programme / projects undertaken: • Extension systems research • Extension communication research • Adoption process research • Policy performance and impact assessment • Sustainable development research • Monitoring and evaluation of agricultural performance • Capacity building and empowerment of clientele • Print and media services provision Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Agricultural Development Programmes • Research Institutes • Farmers Organizations • Water Users Associations • Local Governments • State governments • Federal Government • Private farms/companies • Financial institutions • Artisans/Fabricators • Farm produce processors and marketers • Agricultural producers (crops, livestock, fisheries, fruits/vegetables) • International donors and partners • Non governmental organizations • Media houses • Journalists • Students/researchers • Policy makers • Consumers and consumers associations • Paravets and regulatory service providers and • Farm tools and machinery operators/managers Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: NAERLS is very aware of CTA’s activities. It has received: • Spore Magazine • CTA’s publications • DORA • SDI • CD-ROM and • QAS.

It has also participated in: • CTA Annual Seminars • Co-seminars and • CTA training programmes Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: The institute has used CTA’s products and services in radio and television production, administration of a Question and Answer Service, training of participants of various programmes and production of agricultural publications.

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Name of institution: National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The under listed organizations collaborate with NAERLS in these capacities: sharing of information, conducting annual review meetings, staff training and conducting of surveys. • Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) • Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR & T) • National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) • National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) • Nigerian Institute of Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR) • Projects Coordinating Unit (PCU) • National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) • National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) • Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) • Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) • Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD) • West and Central Africa Maize Network (WECAMAN) • University of Agriculture Abeokuta (UNAAB) • Bayero University Kano (BUK) • University of Agriculture Makurdi National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The national policy on communication has enabled NAERLS to have easier access to information. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • National Agricultural Research Institutes • CTA • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) • Agricultural Development in Nigeria (ADENI) • West and Central Africa Maize Network (WECAMAN) • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) • CTA’s publications (Spore, Update) • Journals • Newspapers Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Given the mandate of NAERLS its information needs are broad based. Essentially it requires information in these categories: • Rural development information • Technical information • Economic information and • Training information. NAERLS has difficulty having materials in appropriate languages, journals and materials suitable for mass distribution.

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Name of institution: National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Major problems include: • Financial backing for publication of bulletins • Distribution of publications due to postage and transportation constraints • Difficulty in information collection • Delay in publication of NARIs findings and materials due to poor funding Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) NAERLS has e-resources under it Question and Answer Services. These include TEEAL, Human Development Library, Food and Nutrition Library, AGRICOLA and CAB Abstract. It also has Human Resource Database and Survey Data base. Why institution was selected as a key: NAERLS has a national mandate and its scope of operation is country-wide both in administrative set up as well as operational schedules. Other observations: NAERLS is very well equipped with ICTS. It has several extension publications and has organized training programmes on ICM and ICTs.

Name of institution: National Animal Production Research Institute Objective/ mission statement: Our vision is to be a world rated Research Institute of excellence in the development of appropriate technologies for livestock production and utilization. To achieve this, we promote improved animal production, through appropriate research to improve sustainable livelihoods of livestock producers and consumers, through developmental and extension activities in Nigeria and beyond. Field of specialization: Animal production, research and extension services. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professionals = 44 Technical = 70 Clerical(Administrative and Finance)=10 Branches, other sites: • Talata Mafara, Zamfara State – For Beef cattle development; • Gwada, Niger State—For Poultry breeding and research • Otukpo, Benue State—For Swine development and research • Ubiaja, Edo State – For West African Sheep and Goat development and research Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): N756,503,000.00 for 2008= (€4,322,874.29)) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: Federal Government

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Name of institution: National Animal Production Research Institute Programme / projects undertaken: Applied research on food animal species, forage and to develop appropriate technologies in breeding and reproduction, nutrition and management with the ultimate aim of improving the productivity of the animals for milk, meat, eggs, traction power, etc. Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Pastoralists • Commercial livestock farmers • Extension workers in government and private establishments Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The Institute is aware of CTA’s activities. It is a recipient of CTA’s Spore and publications. However, it has not benefited from CTA’s seminars and training workshops. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Spore Magazine and other CTA publications are informative and educative. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): • International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada – Funded project on a) Ethnoveterinary practices of pastoralists and on-farm supplementation trials; b) Evaluation of dairy potentials of Sahel and Red Sokoto Goats • International Foundation for Science (IFS), Sweden – Funded a project on germ plasma identification. • International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya & Ethiopia – Collaboration on Peri-Urban Dairy Production and other crop-livestock systems projects. • International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) – collaborated on-farm crop-livestock research on low input cereal and legume/crop production. • International Federation Development Centre (IFDC) - Collaboration on Sub- Saharan Challenge Programme (SSCP)/Kano/Katsina/Maradi (KKM) Pilot sites. Finance through the International Fund on Agricultural Development (IFAD) • International Federation on Agricultural Development (IFAD) - Supply of proven improved sheep and goats to upgrade smallholder flocks of IFAD collaborating farmers. • Linkage with Fulbright Foundation in the training and capacity building of staff • Linkage with McArthur Foundation in biotechnology

National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: Government policy has not impacted on the Institute. The Institute has partnered with the public sector to provide laptops for staff who acquire them on hire purchase with the Institute ensuring payment from salaries of staff.

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Name of institution: National Animal Production Research Institute How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The information sources are: • CTA • Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) • Ministry of Agriculture • National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs) • International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) • Commodity and Farmers Associations and • Agricultural Development Bank (ADB) Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): The information needs are in the following categories: 1. Broad rural development information • Farm problems • Gender Issues • Government and international regulations • Conferences and meetings • Development and funding programmes • Available agricultural/development networks (regional and international)

2. Technical information • Packaging • Equipment sourcing/availability • Industrial profiles

3. Economic information • Credit and micro-credit • Market data • Identification of markets • Commodity profiles • Livestock insurance system

4. Training needs • Application of communication technologies in extension services • Management of information within organization • Editing of reports • Participative methodologies Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Major problems are: • Library is not on-line • Need to develop a functional virtual library and • Internet connectivity Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) N/A

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Name of institution: National Animal Production Research Institute Why institution was selected as a key: The institute has a national mandate for animal production research. Its contribution to the growth of the nation’s economy through improved livestock practices and technologies is very significant. This significance becomes more glaring as the livestock sub sector is second only to the crop sub sector in its contribution to Nigeria’s gross domestic product. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: New Nigeria Newspapers Limited Objective/ mission statement: To publish newspapers that will: • Disseminate information • Serve as means of public enlightenment • Educate for the growing literate population of Nigerians • Act as a watch dog of the public and • Defend the sovereignty of the nation Field of specialization: Dissemination of information Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 310 Technical = 16 Non professional = 21 Branches, other sites: It has news reporters in all states of the federation. Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Recurrent = N550,000,000 (€314,285.71) Capital = N670,000,000 (€3,828,571.43) Total = N1,220,000,000 (€6,971,428.57) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: The sources of funds are: • Sale of newspapers and • Advertisements Programme / projects undertaken: • Publication of daily newspaper (The New Nigeria) • Publication of two weekly newspapers (Saturday and Sunday) • Publication of one vernacular newspaper (published twice a week) Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): General public of Nigeria and beyond Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The organization is not aware of CTA’s activities and has not received any of CTA’s products and services. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Not Applicable

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Name of institution: New Nigeria Newspapers Limited Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): New Nigeria collaborates with the following organizations: • Washington Post through subscription to news • National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) provides articles in Hausa and English for publication. • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) sends research findings and other write-ups to New Nigeria. Also members of staff of the organization attend training workshops at ITTA. • News Agency of Nigeria provides news to the organization • Chinese News Agency also provides news to New Nigeria. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: New Nigeria has been able to purchase more computers due to the liberalization and privatization policy of federal government of Nigeria. There is also increased Internet accessibility. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • Correspondents of New Nigeria in different parts of Nigeria • News Agency of Nigeria • AFP • Internet • Amnesty International • International Monetary Fund (IMF) and • World Health Organization (WHO). Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): As an information supply organization it is in need of the broad categories of agricultural and development information. These include: Rural Development, Technical, Economic and Training. The organization does not easily acquire materials that are suitable for mass distribution, pictorial publications and those written in appropriate languages (indigenous). Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The major problems are: • Disconnection of the Internet • Dated software • Virus attack (infection) • Power outage and • Inadequate training of staff on ICM Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) None Why institution was selected as a key: The circulation of the newspaper is national. In addition it has an indigenous edition through which the grassroots can be reached. Other observations: N/A

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Name of institution: Nigeria Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural Development Bank Objective/ mission statement: Providing affordable financial and advisory services to the farm and non-farm enterprises of the national economy using well-trained and highly motivated staff, backed by appropriate technology, thereby fostering accelerated agricultural and rural development. Field of specialization: Financing through macro and micro-credits. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Total 2199 Branches, other sites: NACRDB Plaza, Kaduna Road, Off Ahmadu Bello Way, PMB 132, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Tel: 234-077-542920

NACRDB Plaza, Plot 31/34 New City Centre, PMB 3397, Kano, Kano State. Tel: 234- 064-666657

NACRDB Plaza, Central District Area, PMB 5041, Abuja. Tel: 234-09-2346168 and 234-0902346169

NACRDB Plaza, 5B Total Garden, Secretariat Rd, Ibadan, Oyo State. Tel: 234-02- 8103933, 234-02-8103793

NACRDB Plaza, Independence Layout, PMB 1564, Enugu, Enugu State. Tel: 234- 042-450149, 234-042-451141

NACRDB Zonal Office, Obasanjo Road, PMB 5644, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Tel: 234-084-483241. Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Recurrent = N2,813,058,058 (€16,074,617.47) Capital = N17, 300,000,000 (€98,857,142.86€) Total = N20,113,058.058 (€114931.76) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: • Federal Government of Nigeria (Ministry of Finance Incorporated and Central Bank of Nigeria) • Loans from donor agencies (National Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) • Collaborators • Investment on payments Programme / projects undertaken: • Direct Credit Scheme • On-lending Scheme • Savings Scheme • Capacity Building Services – Cooperative Development, Marketing, Agricultural Inputs, Extension and Advisory Services Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): Farming Populace Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The organization is not aware of CTA’s activities. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Not applicable

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Name of institution: Nigeria Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural Development Bank Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): • Centre for Management Development (CMD) Lagos • Financial Training Centre • Central Bank of Nigeria is a regulatory body and audits the accounts of NACRDB • Ministry of Agriculture • Ministry of Finance • Ministry Women Affairs • Nigeria Economic Summit Group (NESG) • Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) • United Nation Development Programme (UNDP) • International Labour Organization (ILO) These organizations collaborate with NACRDB in two broad areas: training and funding. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The national policy has impacted positively as it has resulted in easier intra and inter organizational communication. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Sources of information include: • Ahmadu Bello University • National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) • Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) • Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) and • Journals. Materials suitable for mass distribution, materials published in appropriate languages and virtual information are not easily available. Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): While the organization needs information in the four broad areas, some specific information needs are: • Capacity building • Credit and micro-credit • Commodity profiles • Identification of markets • Participatory methodology • Editing of reports and • Management of information. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Major constraints are: • Delay in getting approval to implement IT programmes • Lack of training of IT staff in such areas as Project Management in networking and VSAT technology and application of Banking Application Software. Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) The organization has a database of its clients and their credit performance records.

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Name of institution: Nigeria Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural Development Bank Why institution was selected as a key: The organization deals with agricultural and rural development. Its scope of operation is national with headquarters at Kaduna and six zonal offices located across the country. Other observations: The headquarters is networked and most personnel have access to computers systems and the Internet.

Name of institution: Premier Seed Nigeria Limited Objective/ mission statement: Helping farmers for increased productivity and profitable farming. Premier Seed specializes in the production, processing and marketing of improved, high-yielding, high-quality hybrid maize seeds. Other Premier improved seeds are rice, soyabean, cowpea, sorghum, cotton, groundnut etc and a wide range of vegetables (local and exotic) Field of specialization: Production and marketing of improved seeds of maize, rice, soyabean, cowpea, sorghum, cotton, groundnut and vegetables. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Technical =35 Administrative = 15 Total = 50

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Name of institution: Premier Seed Nigeria Limited Branches, other sites: North-East 1 Zonal Office 10N, Dogon Dutse Road, Near Primary Education Board, Jos.

North-East 2 Zonal Office Shop 12, Block 5B, Jimeta Shopping Complex, Abuja Street, Jimeta-Yola

North-West 1 Zonal Office 55, Hadejia Road, Kano

North-West 2 Zonal Office Shop No 1 Opposite State Medical Store Complex, Near Zamfara Agric Development Programme, Gusau.

North-West 3 Zonal Office No. 2, Gidan Bokane, Opposite Hamson International Hotel, Kantagora

North-Central Zonal Office 17, Benin Street, Off-Jos Road, Kaduna

Middle-Belt Zonal Office Block a, Suit 3, Anyison Wodi Shopping Complex, Kaduna-Lokoja Express Way, Gwagwalada, Abuja.

South-West 1 Zonal Office 8, Magazine Road, Jericho, Ibadan

South-West 2 Shop No. 12, Agric-Zango Road, Opposite Total Filling Station, Ilorin

South-East -1 Zonal Office 3, Kingsway Road, Enugu.

South-East 2 Zonoal Office c/o Right Time family Limited, 1, Ajoku Street, Opp. Old Stadium, Owerri. 242

Name of institution: Premier Seed Nigeria Limited Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Budget for 2006 was: Recurrent = N70,000,000 (€400,000) Capital = N15,000,000 (€85,714.29) Total = N85,000,000 (€485,714.29) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: Production and sale of products Programme / projects undertaken: • Production of maize (4 varieties) • Production of open pollinated varieties of maize, sorghum, cowpea, soyabean, groundnut, cotton, rice and vegetables • Multiplication and production of foundation seeds of maize • Marketing and sale of maize, sorghum, cowpea, soyabean, groundnut, cotton, rice and vegetables • Maintenance of varietal lines of maize, sorghum, cowpea, soyabean, groundnut, cotton, rice and vegetables • Field demonstrations and trials nationally Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): Farmers in Nigeria Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Premier Seed is aware of CTA’s activities and is a recipient of Spore Magazine. However, its staff members have not attended CTA’s seminars and training programmes. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Spore Magazine was evaluated as having very educative and practical contents. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Premier Seed collaborates with other organizations in three major activities: • Workshops and Training with Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR), National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). • Technical Research (On-Farm Adaptive Research (OFAR) with Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR), Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) and Training (IAR&T), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Sasakawa Global 2000 (SG 2000), and Kaduna Agricultural Development Programme • Exchange of germplasm with Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The national policy has facilitated easier access to communication facilities.

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Name of institution: Premier Seed Nigeria Limited How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • Organizations such as Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR), International Institute of Tropical Research (IITA), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Development Programmes and Sasakawa Global 2000. • Publications: Spore Magazine, Journals and Newspapers. • Electronic media including radio, television and the Internet • Trade Fairs and agricultural shows The organization finds extracting information from journals difficult. Additionally, obtaining information from the Internet is difficult due to lack of browsing skills. Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): The information needs are: • Grading systems • Post harvest technology • Access to germplasm (breeder materials) of other countries of the same ecological zone • Crop varieties • Packaging • Credit and micro-credit • Market data • Identification of markets • Enlightenment on the use of improved seeds • Application of communication technologies • Management of information in the organization and • Participative methodologies The organization does not have easy access to materials suitable for mass distribution. It has difficulty also accessing journals and abstracts. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The major constraints are: • Inadequate number of computers • Insufficient laptops • Unavailability of an accounting package such as Pitche Tree • Need for more scanners Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) The organization produces high quality seeds and has over 1000 distributors in different parts of the country. Why institution was selected as a key: The organization is involved in the production of crops that are of national interest while its coverage and distributive networks are also broad based covering the different ecological zones of the country. Other observations: N/A

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Name of institution: Community Development Foundation Objective/ mission statement: To be an enabling Foundation supporting institutions that facilitate the socioeconomic development and self reliance of the poor in Nigeria. The specific objectives are: • To provide client organizations with loans and loans guarantees for their credit and enterprise programs and operations. • To provide institutional capacity-building services to enhance the credit and enterprise activities of our clients • To promote linkages between our clients and formal financial institutions • To conduct research on issues relating to micro-enterprise development and finance Field of specialization: Financing of grassroots organizations, capacity building and advocacy. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 13 Technical and Administrative = 13 Total = 26 Branches, other sites: Its operations are zoned with managers assigned to cover the operations of specific zones. Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): N38,749,000 (€221,422.86) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: The sources of funds are: • Donors (Ford Foundation, Evangelisher Entwicklungsdienst) • Services (consultancies and training fees) and • Interest from revolving Funds Programme / projects undertaken: • Youth enterprise development • Advocacy • Business development services (Financial and advisory) • Training in enterprise development (micro-finance and HIV/AIDS) • Research and development and • Micro-finance services Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Women • Youths • Rural finance development institutions • Cooperatives • Credit Unions • Community development associations Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Community Development Foundation is aware of CTA’s activities but not a recipient of its services or products. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Not applicable

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Name of institution: Community Development Foundation Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Community Development Foundation collaborates with these organizations: • Ford Foundation is a funding agency of CDF’s activities • Evangelisher Entwicklungsdienst/Church Development Services (EED) of Germany is a funding partner • Department for International Development (DFID) collaborated with CDF in setting up its library • Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) collaborates with CDF on micro-finance policy as well as provides information to the centre. • Ministry of Agriculture assist with matters related to extension and rural development • Projects Coordinating Unit also collaborates on issues pertaining to extension and rural development • Ministry of Women Affairs provides CDF with list of women groups and gender related issues. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: None How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • Field observations and reports • Federal government • Central Bank of Nigeria’s publications • Newspapers • Internet • Newsletters and • Conferences/Workshops Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): The information needs are: • Micro-finance information • Website links on micro-finance • Marketing information • Sourcing for funds (donors) • Training modules development • Training skills development • Networking with other institutions • Localization of computer programmes for Nigeria and • Writing of computer programmes for microfinance Obtaining publications with information suitable for mass distribution and those with visual or pictorial information is difficult. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Major constraints are: • Lack of trade-in computer policy • Irregular power supply • Cost of running power generators • Inadequate sources of quality computer accessories and • Purchase of software for each computer in the organization.

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Name of institution: Community Development Foundation Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) None Why institution was selected as a key: Community Development Foundation operates through a zonal structure covering the entire country. It also deals with groups mostly women and youth groups involved in economic activities. Other observations: The CDF is domiciled in its own building with administrative, training and accommodation facilities.

Name of institution: Lagos State Agricultural Development Authority Objective/ mission statement: Promoting sustainable food production in a healthy environment through efficient service delivery. Field of specialization: Agricultural and rural development and extension delivery services. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional and Technical = 156 Administrative = 107 Branches, other sites: Zonal Offices are: Western Zone Opposite VW Complex, Agric Bus Stop, Lagos-Badagry Express Way, Ojo- Lagos.

Eastern Zone, Imota Farm Settlemant, Ikorodu-Epe Road, Ikorodu

Far Eastern Zone, Beside Lagos State College of Primary Education (LASCOPED) Noforija, Epe-Ijebu-Ode Road, Epe Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): 2006 budget was: Recurrent = N69, 240,129 (€395,657.88) Capital = N7, 550,500 (€43,145.71) Total = N76,790,629 (€438,803.59)

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Name of institution: Lagos State Agricultural Development Authority Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: • Subvention from State Government • Federal Government • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) • World Bank The last three sources provide funding for special programmes such as RTEP (Root and Tuber Expansion Programme) and SPFS (State Programme for Food Security) Programme / projects undertaken: • Dissemination of information on agricultural development • Linking farmers to sources of credit • Linking farmers to markets and sources of inputs • Root and Tuber Expansion Programme (RTEP) • State Programme for Food Security (SPFS) Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): Small-scale farmers (fishing, livestock, crops, and agribusiness) in Lagos State Large-scale farmers (fishing, livestock, crops, and agribusiness) in Lagos State Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: Lagos State Agricultural Development Authority is aware of CTA’s activities. However it has never received CTA’s services or products. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Not applicable. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The authority collaborates with the following organizations: • Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre (AMREC), University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, does testing of improved varieties of tomato and soyabean in its adaptive research. • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) collaborates in perfecting of cassava processing • Federal Institute of Industrial Research (FIIRO) collaborates with the authority in carrying out adaptive research on smoking kilns. • Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR) provides fisheries technologies (Chokor Oven etc) to the agency • Agricultural Development in Nigeria (ADONI) collaborates on micro-finance for farmers • Community Women’s Association of Nigeria (COWAN) also assist with microfinance for farmers • Radio Lagos collaborates through presentation and broadcasting of the authority’s agricultural programmes. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: None

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Name of institution: Lagos State Agricultural Development Authority How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T) • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) • Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR) • University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, (UNAAB) • Federal Institute of Industrial Research (FIIRO) • University of Ibadan (UI) • Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) • University of Ado-Ekiti • Nigerian Storage Products Research Institute (NSPRI) • Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) • Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) • National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) • National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM) • National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) • Projects Coordinating Unit • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) • South-South Cooperation • Root and Tuber Expansion Programme (RTEP) • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) • Internet Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): The information needs are: • Fisheries production • Livestock production • Processing of agricultural products • Vegetable production • Market information • Updates on agricultural research findings • Training in communication skills and • Training on information management Formats difficult to find are materials suitable for mass distribution. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: • Irregular power supply (electricity) • Lack of trained ICM staff and • Virus infection of computer systems Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) None Why institution was selected as a key: This organization has the statutory function for agricultural extension delivery in Lagos State and it is networked with other state ADPs through the Projects Coordinating Unit. Other observations: N/A

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Name of institution: Lagos State Radio Services Objective/ mission statement: To give inspiration to the nation in an exciting and captivating manner. Field of specialization: Broadcasting, entertainment and information dissemination Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 10 Technical = 50 Administrative = 340 Branches, other sites: None Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): The 2007 budget was: Recurrent = N350,800,000 (€2,004,571.43) Capital N1,000,000,000 (€5,714,285.71) Total = N1,350,800,000 (€7,718,857.14) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: Lagos State Government Internally generated revenue Programme / projects undertaken: Lagos State Radio Service has two radio stations: Radio Lagos (107.5FM) and Eko 89.75FM) • Music programmes • Agricultural programmes • Children’s programmes • News Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): Radio Lagos is targeted at the general Yoruba speaking listeners (Nigeria/Diaspora) in Lagos, Ogun, Osun, Oyo and Ekiti States. Eko89.75FM targets the upwardly mobile adults in Lagos, Oyo, Ogun, Ondo, Ekiti, Kwara, Edo, Delta, Parts of Rivers, Bayelsa, Niger, Kogi, Benue and Part of Republic of Benin. Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: This Radio Service is not aware of CTA’s activities neither has it received or participated in CTA’s services or products. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Not applicable Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): It collaborates with: • Lagos State Agricultural Development Authority in the production and broadcast of agricultural programmes • United Nation’s Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) produces enlightenment programmes with the service • Lagos State Cooperative Federation provides enlightenment on cooperative affairs through Lagos State Radio Service • MTN sponsors community-based programmes on Radio Lagos. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: None

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Name of institution: Lagos State Radio Services How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: • Field Reporters • Newsroom • Internet • Radio • News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) and • Newspapers Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): • Agricultural information • ICT information • Training on ICTs • Networking and Information processing (CISCO and MCSE) Generally, materials suitable for mass distribution are also difficult to acquire. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The major constraint of the Radio Service is funding. Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) None Why institution was selected as a key: Lagos Radio Service was chosen because of its wide operational coverage and broadcast of agricultural programmes through collaborative efforts with Lagos State Agricultural Development Authority. Other observations: The Service is highly computerized with an automated library. It is currently involved in webcasting further increasing its area of coverage.

Name of institution: Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research

Objective/ mission statement: NIOMR is charged with the responsibilities to conduct research into the resources and physical characteristics of the Nigerian territorial waters and the high seas beyond. Field of specialization: Oceanography and marine research and extension Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Research Officers (Professionals) = 50 Technologists = 28 Administrative/Support staff = 158 Total = 236

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Name of institution: Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research

Branches, other sites: NIOMR sub station Burutu Delta State

NIOMR sub station Buguma Rivers State

Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): N29,964,990 (€171,228.51) for capital budget was the only provided figure. Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: • Federal government subvention • Internally generated revenue from consultancies and training workshops • Grants from International Ocean Institute (IOI) and International Oceanography Commission (IOC) Programme / projects undertaken: • Provision of the scientific basis for the sea decree of 1971 • Identification of shrimps resources, execution of a tuna survey in Nigeria’s EEZ which confirmed sufficient abundance in commercial quantities • Identification of key species of Demersal resources • Genetic improvement of catfish through acquisition of germplasm of prosing strains from different ecological zones in Nigeria • Development of mass production techniques for fingerlings of Clarias garienpinus and the hybrid of Clarias sp and Heterobranchus sp. • Small scale artisanal fishing gear for increase in fish production Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Fishing industry • Artisan fishermen • Private fish farmers • Women fish farmers • Women fish processors • Oil companies • Environmentalists Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: NIOMR is aware of CTA’s activities. Indeed, it is recipient of: Spore Magazine CTA publications Question and Answer Service (QAS) However, it has not attended CTA’s seminars and training programmes. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: CTA’s publications have been very helpful in updating knowledge.

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Name of institution: Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research

Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): These organizations collaborate with NIOMR in the following ways: • International Oceanography Commission (IOC) exchanges information on ocean dynamics with NIOMR • International Oceanography Commission (IOC): NIOMR is the regional centre of IOC’s activities in West African sub-region • Agricultural Research for Communication Technology (ARCT) collaborates on fish feed formulation and fisheries policy • Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI): NIOMR is a supervisory institute of LCRI • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) exchanges information with NIOMR • Federal Institute for Industrial Research (FIIRO) commercializes NIOMR’s technologies (especially fish smoking kilns). National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The national policy on ICTs has increased staff members’ desire to be computer literate. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Sources of information are: • Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources • Agricultural Research for Communication Technology (ARCT) • Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (Paris) • International Ocean Institute (Malta) • CTA • National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR) • Federal Institute for Industrial Research (FIIRO) • Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Main information needs are: • Collaborative institutions on fisheries technology, oceanographic information and data collection • Training and re-training of research officers in marine biology, zoology, geophysics, extension and communication management (areas of specialization) Information formats not easily available are journals and material suitable for mass distribution. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Problems faced are: • Lack of computer and other hard wares • Lack of appropriate soft wares and • Inadequate coordination of computer activities Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) None Why institution was selected as a key: NIOMR is a major research institute for the fisheries sub sector. Its activities are also national in scope.

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Name of institution: Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research

Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: The Guardian Newspapers Objective/ mission statement: THE Guardian is an independent newspaper, established for the purpose of presenting balanced coverage of events, and of promoting the best interests of Nigeria. It owes allegiance to no political party, ethnic community, religious or other interest group. Its primary commitment is to the integrity and sovereignty of the Federation of Nigeria, and beyond that to the unity and sovereignty of Africa.

The Guardian is a liberal newspaper, committed to the best traditions and ideals of republican democracy. It believes that it is the responsibility of the state not only to protect and defend the citizen, but also to create the conditions, political, social, economic and cultural, in which all citizens may achieve their highest potential as human beings. It is committed to the principle individual freedom, but believes that all citizens have duties as well as rights.

The Guardian does not, in principle, object to the ideology of free enterprise, since this would be inconsistent with its commitment to individual liberty and freedom. But it believes that the state must intervene judiciously in the economic life of the nation, in order to minimise the adverse effects of free enterprise. Without prejudice to the right of individual citizens to exploit labour and capital for their own benefit, The Guardian believes it is the duty of the state to ensure that less privileged citizens have reasonable and fair access to the basic necessities of life.

The Guardian will at all times uphold the need for justice, probity in public life, equal access to the nation’s resources, and equal protection under the laws of Nigeria for all citizens.

The Guardian believes that Nigeria is a legitimate member of the international community, but holds that she can best fulfill her international obligations only if her own security and integrity are assured. Field of specialization: Information services Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: *Total = 800 Professional = 300 Technical = 80 Administration/Clerical = 420 *These are the pre-industrial action figures. There was an industrial action by the workers in most of November and early December 2007. Branches, other sites: Reporters in all states of the federation Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Total = N3,000,000,000 (€17,142,857.14) Capital = N2,000,000,000 (€11,428,571.43) Recurrent = N1,000,000,000 (€5,714,285,.71)

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Name of institution: The Guardian Newspapers Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: • Sale of newspapers (publications) • Advertisements in newspapers Programme / projects undertaken: Publication of the following titles: • The Guardian • The Guardian on Saturday and • The Guardian on Sunday Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Policymakers • Intelligentsia • Government • General public Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The Guardian does not receive CTA’s Spore or other publications and services. However, some individuals in the organization receive CTA’s publications.

Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: At the organizational level, CTA’s products and services can not be evaluated. However, those individuals who receive Spore say it is a very informative source for their stories and articles. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): • Federal Government of Nigeria on policy related issues • State Governments in Nigeria on policy related issues • National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs) in Nigeria as sources of information and assisting in disseminating information of their improved technologies to the general public. • Agricultural Development Programmes in Nigeria as sources of information and covering/reporting of their activities • International Research Institutes (IITA, IFRI, ICRISAT, FAO, and OIE) on food policy research, as well as socioeconomic studies. They also serve as sources of information. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: None How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The organization sources information from various sources. They include: • Researchers/Individuals • Institutions • Internet • Universities • Research Institutes (National and International) • Chambers of Commerce Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Since the organization deals with a mass public it needs information in the four broad areas. However, it needs information on some common but valuable crops and trees (e.g. Moringa oleifera, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala).

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Name of institution: The Guardian Newspapers Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The main problem is managerial in nature. This borders on lack of appreciation of the relevance of information and communication management (ICM) in the organization. There is therefore lack of will on the part of management to support the development of ICM. Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) There is no data base available in the organization. Why institution was selected as a key: The Guardian is one of the foremost newspapers in Nigeria. It has a national circulation and carries a regular agricultural column (Agro-Care) in its Sunday edition (The Guardian on Sunday). It is also a privately-owned newspaper out fit. Other observations: The Guardian recently acquired new computer systems and most of its production is now automated. Apart from this, The Guardian regularly publishes serious articles on various aspects of national development.

Name of institution: Plateau State Agricultural Development Programme Objective/ mission statement: The objectives are: • To improve the standard of living and ensure food security by increasing food crop production and income of small-scale farmers in Plateau State • To procure and distribute inputs to farmers in Plateau State • To fashion out a flexible phased approach to development Field of specialization: Agricultural and rural development and extension service delivery Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional/Technical = 235 Casuals/Others = 342 Administrative = 41 Total = 618 Branches, other sites: Northern Zone Office Bukuru

Central Zone Office PMB 01, Mangu.

Southern Zone Office PMB 03 Shendan Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): The 2006 budget was: N290,000,000 (€1,657,142.86). Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: • Plateau State Government • Federal Government • Donor agencies (IFAD,FAO,ADB)

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Name of institution: Plateau State Agricultural Development Programme Programme / projects undertaken: • Root and Tuber Expansion Programme (RTEP) • Special Programme for Food Security (SPFSS) now National Programme for Food Security (NPFSS) • Special Rice Programme (Presidential Initiative on Rice Production (R-BOX) • Management Training Plot (MTP) • Community Seed Programme • Small Plot Adoption Technique (SPAT) • On-Farm Adaptive Research on Maize Doubling. Presidential Initiative on Doubling Maize • Collaborative Research with IAR, Zaria on Striga resistant varieties • On-Farm Beekeeping • Pilot Site for Livestock Development • Women Activities involving Fortification of Cereals and Legume Products • Major Promoter of Coffee Production Development in Plateau • Processing of various crops (value-addition to indigenous crops) • Road Rehabilitation and Construction • Water Supply and Sanitation in Different Forms (wash holes/boreholes and tubewells) • Youth Programmes involving Industrial Training (SIWES) • National Fadama Programme (NFP II) Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Farming audience in Plateau State • Women farmers • Youths • Students • Large scale farmers Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The ADP is aware of CTA’s activities. It is a recipient of Spore Magazine and other CTA publications. However, it has not attended CTA’s seminars or training programmes. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: The publications have been very educative and informative Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The ADP collaborates with: • International Institute of Tropical Agriculture on varietal trials especially of maize • Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) on two varietal trials of maize (midattitude varieties and Striga) • National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) on integrated pest management of vegetables (cabbage) • National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) on sourcing of resource persons for monthly technological review meetings (MTRMs) • National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) on sourcing of resource persons for livestock topics • National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) on sourcing of improved root crops technologies • Federal Ministry of Agriculture on the implementation of Conservation of Agriculture, Sheet Erosion Control.

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Name of institution: Plateau State Agricultural Development Programme National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: Individuals have personal handsets that they use to communicate freely with farmers and ADP field staff. Some directors are also provided with handsets by the institution. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • Universities of Agriculture • University of Jos • Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU) • National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) • CTA publications • Radio • Television Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): The institution requires information in the four broad areas of: Technical, Economic, Rural Development and Training. This is because of its generalist approach to agricultural production and development. Materials adequate for mass distribution are not very easily available. So also are pictorial materials for extension purposes. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The major problems are: • Insufficient trained manpower in ICM • Need to update those on-the-job on ICM Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) None Why institution was selected as a key: Plateau State ADP has the mandate for agricultural extension in the state. It is also administratively linked to other state ADPs via the Projects Coordinating Unit. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: Plateau State Publishing Company Objective/ mission statement: To be a voice of the voiceless especially of the middle belt region of Nigeria. Field of specialization: Information services. Publishers of the Nigeria Standard a weekly newspaper. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 150 Technical = 20 Administrative = 59 Others (unskilled) = 41 Total = 270 Branches, other sites: None

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Name of institution: Plateau State Publishing Company Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Income= N12,500,000 (€71,428.57) Overhead = N79,000,000 (€451,428.57) Capital = N400,000,000 (€2,285,714.29) Total = N491,000,000 (€2,805,714.29) Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: Plateau State Government Programme / projects undertaken: • Publishing of the Nigeria Standard • Property Development • Commercial Activities (exercise books, calendars) Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): General public in the middle belt of Nigeria (Niger, Abuja, Plateau, Benue, Nassarawa, Kaduna, Gombe, Taraba and part of southern Borno) Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: The organization is not aware of CTA’s activities neither has it received Spore Magazine nor attended seminars or training programmes. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Not applicable. Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The organization collaborates with The Federal Ministry of Information and the State Ministry of Information. The collaboration is through both ministries playing supervisory roles to the company. National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: None How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information are: • Radio • Television • Newspapers • Magazines • Journals • Trade Fairs and Exhibitions Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Though the company will like to obtain information in the four broad categories some specific information needs are: • Credit and micro-credit • Application of communication technologies • Management of information • Editing of reports Information suitable for mass distribution is not easily available to the company. It also finds it difficult to use abstracts, journal articles and publications in foreign languages. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The Internet facility is not networked hence it is not accessible to all the departments of the company. This therefore results to congestion in the information gathering process.

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Name of institution: Plateau State Publishing Company Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) None Why institution was selected as a key: The company was chosen as it is the only newspaper publishing company in Plateau State and its circulation is targeted at the south eastern zone of Nigeria. Other observations: N/A

Name of institution: National Veterinary Research Institute Objective/ mission statement: To be the foremost veterinary research institute in Africa, producing international quality vaccines and offering services for the identification, control, and eradication of economically important livestock diseases, through best practices, research excellence, and apply modern technology, with highly trained, experienced and personnel. The objectives are: • To conduct research into all aspects of animal diseases, their treatment and control • To develop and produce animal vaccines, sera and biological to meet the national demand • To provide surveillance and diagnosis of animal diseases • To introduce exotic stock for improved egg, meat and milk production • To provide extension services to poultry and livestock farmers • To train intermediate manpower in veterinary laboratory technology, and animal health and production technology Field of specialization: Research, training, production and extension Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional = 133 Technical = 193 Administration = 596 Total = 922 Branches, other sites: The institute’s Epidemiology Department has 5 Zonal laboratories and 15 State laboratories. The Zonal Laboratories are: • Southwest Zone (Akure) • North-Western Zone ( Birnin Kebbi and Kano) • South South Zone (Calabar) • North East Zone (Yola) The state laboratories are located in Abuja, Bauchi, Benin, Etinam, Ikire, Ilorin, Kaduna, Katsina, Lagos, Makurdi, Maiduguri, Oji-River, Umudike, Sokoto and Shenda. Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): Capital = N624,000,000 (€3,565,714.29) Recurrent = N1,300,000,000 (€7,428,571.43) Total = N1,924,000,000 (€10,994,285.71)

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Name of institution: National Veterinary Research Institute Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: • Federal Government • Internally generated revenue • Grants ---FAO, World Bank, Office International Episoptic (OIE) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (training of staff) Programme / projects undertaken: • Vaccine Development (Marek, Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine, Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccine, Sheep and Goat Pox, Egg Drop Syndrome Vaccine, Inactivated Cell Culture Vaccine, Thermostable Newcastle Disease Vaccine • Research on Avian Influenza Virus • Antibiotic Treatment of Bovine Microplasma Infection (CVPP) • Development of Rapid Diagnostic Tool for African Swine Fever Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Livestock farmers • Large animal rearers (sheep, cattle and goats) • Poultry farmers Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: • The institution is aware of CTA’s activities. • It is not a recipient of CTA’s publications. • Staff members have not attended CTA’s seminars or training programmes Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: Not applicable Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The institution collaborates with: • FAO through exchange of research findings, exchange of technical experts and funding of some programmes/training. • Office International Episoptic (OIE) is also involved in exchange of research findings, exchange of technical experts and funding of programmes/training. • Pan African Centre for Vaccine (PANVAC) is involved in quality control of NVRI’s vaccines • NAFDAC is a regulatory body of NVRI’s activities.

At the national level, it collaborates with, the under listed organizations in research and extension services: • Nigerian Institute for Trypanasomiasis Research (NITR) • National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) • University of Ibadan (UI) • University of Nigeria (UNN) • Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) • University of Maiduguri UNIMAID) • Agricultural Development Programmes of Benue, Kogi, Nassarawa, Plateau, Sokoto, Zamfara, Kaduna, Bauchi, Adamawa and Taraba States National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: The computer acquisition scheme of the Federal Government has brought about increased ownership of laptops by staff members.

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Name of institution: National Veterinary Research Institute How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The sources of information include: • Journals • Ministry of Agriculture • Radio • Television • CTA • Universities of Agriculture • National Agricultural Research Institutes • Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN) • Cattle Rearers Association (CRA) Generally there is difficulty in finding journal articles, materials suitable for mass distribution and materials in appropriate languages, Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Information needs are: • Farm problems • Social Development • Gender issues • Government and international Regulations • Conferences and meetings • Networks • Grading systems • Grass varieties for grazing • Equipment sourcing • Transportation • Packaging • Waste utilization • Patents • Industrial profile • Market data • Identification of markets • Commodity profiles • Livestock insurance scheme • Application of communication technologies in extension livestock health • Management of information within the organization • Editing of reports and • Participatory methodologies Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The major problem is that the soft wares needed to run programmes such as SAS, Eview, Genstat, Statistica and StatA are not easily available. Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) None Why institution was selected as a key: The institution plays a major role in the livestock subsector of Nigeria’s economy. While it is national in scope of operation, it has developed sufficient organization frame work to handle its country-wide mandate.

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Name of institution: National Veterinary Research Institute Other observations: The institution is well equipped with ICT infrastructure to facilitate intra and inter institutional communication.

Name of institution: University of Ibadan Objective/ mission statement: To expand the frontiers of knowledge and transform the society through innovation Strategic objectives are: • To re-awaken all staff and students to the need for rebuilding the university and consequently, inducing a drastic attitudinal change towards achieving the goal, by way of more commitment, greater loyalty and diligence on the part of all concerned • To make a more determined effort to generate funding for the university, and so to make it less dependent on government funding. • To ensure that any amount of money received is optimally utilized • To significantly improve the conditions of learning and research within the institution • To increase substantially, and in virtually all disciplines, the number of highly- rated academics in Ibadan. Particular attention will be paid to Science and Science-related subjects, which have suffered worst neglect over the years. • To make University of Ibadan more responsive to the needs of the country, other universities and our graduates. • To update and modify our curricula for relevance to both national needs and global demands • To overhaul our recruitment process, and thereby ensure that only the best available hands are employed. The university will not allow extraneous factors like ethnic origin, race, and religion to stand in our way of appointing the best candidate in any given situation. Recruitment will, however, be as gender- sensitive as possible. • To ensure that we do not admit more students than we can cope with, taking into consideration the number of available people who can benefit from our services, the university will pursue vigorously the provision of long distance learning opportunities. • To have a campus where there is peaceful coexistence, and in which members of staff of different disciplines and classes socialize with one another without inhibition, and staff and students alike relate and enjoy an environment conducive to the promotion of sound scholarship. Field of specialization: • Education (Training) • Research • Community Service

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Name of institution: University of Ibadan Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional (academic) = 1156 Administration = 1480 Technical = 2012 Total = 4648 Branches, other sites: None Annual budget: (in local currency with Euro equivalent): N5,624,558,012 (€32,140,331.49)

Source of funding, inc. main donors/ sponsors: • Federal Government • Grants • Internally generated revenue Programme / projects undertaken: • B.Sc. Degree Programmes • B.A. Degree Programmes • M.Sc. Degree Programmes • M.A. Degree Programmes • M.Phil. Degree Programmes • Ph.D. Degree Programmes Target audience (plus number, actual or estimate): • Students • Staff of other universities • Workers All these in Nigeria and beyond. Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training: In 1991 CTA set up a database in agriculture in the Kenneth Dike Library of the University. CTA also donated to the library an IBM 286 Computer along with a CD ROM Drive and CAB abstract. The Library also receives CTA’s Spore Magazine from time to time. However, the Library has not formally subscribed to CTA for publications. Appreciation of CTA’s products and services: The materials have been very useful to its readers.

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Name of institution: University of Ibadan Extent of collaboration / interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The University of Ibadan collaborates with the following institutions and agencies: 1. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA in staff/students exchange/collaborative research. 2. National War College, Abuja in Strategic Studies 3. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville in Staff/student exchange/collaborative research. 4. Kennesaw State University, Georgia in Staff/student exchange, exchange of rare materials and distance learning. 5. Penn State University, USA in collaborative research in Engineering, Science and staff/student exchange 6. Mortenson International Library Centre, USA in library automation/staff training and exchange of books/materials. 7. University of Florida in Distance learning education, Engineering/staff/student exchange and collaborative research. 8. Columbia University, New York in collaborative research on socio-linguistics and staff/student exchange. 9. University of Wale, Swansea, U.K. in exchange of rare books, cooperative research and exchange of scholars/undergraduate and postgraduate students 10. The Medical Research Council Laboratories, Gambia in cooperative research in high quality medical education. 11. University of South Africa (UNISA) in Distance Learning Education programmes. 12. Northwestern University, USA in an Alliance to control HIV/AIDS (REACH) Social Sciences, Access to Justice Project (Law) and Entrepreneurship in Agribusiness (Agric & Forestry). 13. Stanvager University, Norway in collaborative research in Engineering/staff & student exchange. 14. National Action Committee on AIDS/ECOBANK Nig. Plc. in the establishment of Youth Friendly Centre to combat HIV/AIDS pandemic 15. The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya in postgraduate training in insect science, pest and vector management, staff and student exchange and collaborative research in relevant fields. 16. Njala University, Sierra Leone in collaborative research, mounting of split-site programmes, curriculum development and staff/student exchange/sabbatical/teaching assignments. 17. Moi University, Kenya in staff/student exchange, exchange of academic materials, development of internationalized curricular, credit transfer and collaborative research. 18. University of Nairobi, Kenya in collaborative research, staff/student exchange and credit transfer. 19. IEEE Foundation (Spectrum) donated computers and telecommunication equipment. 20. Training Collaboration Arrangements (ICA) collaborates with the Department of Chemistry. 21. The United Nations Institute for Training and Research collaborates with Department of Geography. 22. Visionary Technology in Library Solutions, Blacksburg, USA collaborates with Kenneth Dike Library. 23. Universite Nancy 2, France collaborates with the Department of Computer Science. 24. University of Turin, Italy collaborates with the265 College of Medicine 25. National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja collaborates with Faculties of Science, Basic Medical Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry. 26. Florida International University collaborates with the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Name of institution: University of Ibadan National / sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within the institution: Government’s support for computer manufacturers under the Computer for All Nigerians Initiative (CANI) has lowered the cost of acquisition of computer systems. Consequently, more staff and students now have computer systems. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: • Journals • Books • Theses/Dissertations • Conferences/Workshops • Seminars • Exchange Programmes with Foreign universities • Newspapers • Television • Research Institutes (national and international) • Ministries (federal and state) • Non Governmental Organizations Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): As a university the four broad categories are essential for research and teaching. Successes / main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: The constraints are: • Cost of implementing IT initiatives • Low IT literacy of staff and students • High turn over of technical staff • Resistance to change and • Power outage Successes / main problems faced in terms of knowledge (e.g. availability list of organizations / clients using your products, databases, etc) Availability of databases (staff, students, alumni and other stakeholders) that are essential for institutional use. Why institution was selected as a key: The university was chosen as it has the first Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry in Nigeria. It also serves as a major training institution of staff of other Nigerian universities. In addition, it is a federal institution with its catchment area spread across Nigeria. Other observations: The University has approved the establishment of a university radio station that will facilitate its community and extension services.

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ANNEX 4. LIST OF INSTITUTIONS/PERSONS INTERVIEWED

Institutions Persons Designations Contact Address interviewed 1. Abia Mr. Ikolo Editor Along Nnamdi Azikiwe Secretariat Newspapers John – Ikolo Road, PMB 7254, Umuahia, Abia and State Publishing Tel: 2348032695578 Corporation Email: [email protected] 2. Abia State Mr. Steve E Director, Kilometre 3, Umuahia-Okigwe Agricultural Agu Planning, Road, Developme Monitoring & PMB 7235, Umuahia, Abia State nt Evaluation Tel: 234088220466 Programme Email: [email protected] 3. All Farmers Chief Chairman c/o Ministry of Agriculture, Library Association Amanze Avenue, Umuahia, Abia State of Nigeria, Israel Tel: 2348035255406 Abia Email: [email protected] Chapter 4. Idea Mazi Nwaka Programme 1 Ideal Builders Drive, Opposite Builders Ezuma, Manager Abia State College of Education- Amannagwu Nwaka Technical (ASCETA), P.O. Box , 15, Amannagwu, Arochukwu Arochuckwu Local Government Area, Abia LGA, Abia State State Te: 234080664587566 Email: [email protected] 5. National Ven. Dr. Head Kilometre 8, Umuahia-Ikot Root Crop O.C. Aniedu Planning, Ekpene Road, PMB 7006, Research Monitoring & Umuahia, Abia State Institute, Evaluation Tel: 2340802440237 Umudike Email: [email protected] [email protected] 6. Michael Dr Ray P.A Head of Unit, Along Ikot-Ekpene Road, PMB Opara Unamma Exchange 7267, Umuahia, Abia State University of and External Tel: 2340824440555 Agriculture, Relations Unit 2340824441595 Umudike Email: [email protected] 7. Borno State Mr. Joshua Director of Shehu Laminu Way, Opposite Agricultural M. Mshelia Agriculture BRTV Broadcasting House, PMB Developme and Technical 1452, Maiduguri, Borno State nt Services Tel: 234076232797 Programme, Email: [email protected] Maiduguri 8. Lake Chad Dr Sakari Head, Along Gamboru-Ngala Road, Research Turaki Farming PMB 1293, Maiduguri, Borno Institute, Systems State Maiduguri Research Te: 238076960300 Department 9. Radio Mallam News Along Damboa Road, Behind Nigeria, Babagana Producer Federal Road Safety

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Institutions Persons Designations Contact Address interviewed Maiduguri Mohammed Commission, PMB 1320, Maiduguri, Borno State Tel: 234076970503 234076393954 Email: [email protected] 10 University of Prof Dean, Faculty Along Bama Road, PMB 1069, . Maiduguri, Abubakar of Agriculture Maiduguri, Borno State Maiduguri Kibon Tel: 234076231730 Fax: 234076231639 Email: [email protected] 11 Centre for Mrs. Fema Executive Block B, No 2, Murtala . Women L Agera Director Mohammed Square, P.O. Box Empowerm 1766, Kaduna, Kaduna State ent and Tel: 2348035991048 Poverty Email: [email protected] Alleviation, Kaduna 12 Kaduna Mr. Ruben Monitoring 11 Race CourseRoad, PMB 2269, . State T Sankop Officer Kaduna, Kaduna State Agricultural Tel: 23406221618 Developme 234062214431 nt Project, Kaduna 13 Ganty’s Aid Elder T.A President 33 Kaura Road, Manchok, Kaura . for Widows, Shamancy Local Government Area, Orphans PMB 1028, Kafachan, Kaduna and the State Needy, Tel: 2348034519965 Kafachan, 2348034538046 Kaduna Email: [email protected] 14 Federal Eng. Hamza Acting Zonal 7 Yakubu Gowon Way, P.O. Box . Radio Mohammed Director 250, Kaduna Corporation Tel: 234062245394 of Nigeria, Email: [email protected] Kaduna 15 National Zubairu E. Extension NAERLS, Ahmadu Bello . Agricultural Omenesa Specialist University, PMB 1067, Zaria, Extension Kaduna State and Tel: 23406955186 Research Email: [email protected] Liaison Services, Zaria 16 National Prof C.A.M Ruminant Along Zaria-Sokoto Road, . Animal Lakpini Nutritionist Ahmadu Bello University, PMB Production 1096, Skika, Zaria, Kaduna State Research Tel: 2340695501509 Institute, 234069550435 Shika, Zaria Email: [email protected] 17 New Nigeria Tukur Editor Ahmadu Bello Way, . Newspapers Abdulraham P.O. Box 254, Kaduna, Kaduna

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Institutions Persons Designations Contact Address interviewed Limited, State Kaduna Tel: 234062234864 234062234365 Email: [email protected] 18 Nigerian Mr A.E Head, 1, Yakubu Gowon Way, PMB . Agricultural Ayanbisi Planning and 2155, Kauna, Kaduna State Cooperative Research Tel: 234062245013 and Rural Department Email: [email protected] Developme nt Bank 19 Premier Prof A.O Director, Chikaji Industrial Estate, PMB . Seed Ogungbile Technical and 1673, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria Commercial Tel: 234069334804 Limited, Services Email: supercrops@premier- Zaria seeds.com 20 Community Miss Edna Senior 1, Kayode Odusola Crescent, Plot . Developme Jones Manager, 5 CMD Road, GRA Residential nt Research and Scheme, Ikosi, Lagos Foundation, Development P.O. Box 11003, Ikeja, Lagos Lagos State Tel: [email protected] 21 Lagos State Mr. F.O Head, Project Along Old Abeokuta Motor Roa, . Agricultural Otujirin Monitoring ADP Bus Stop, Oko-Oba, Lagos Developme and P.O. Box 3845, Agege, Lagos, nt Agency, Evaluation Lagos State Lagos Tel: 234018980561 234018980562 Email: [email protected] 22 Lagos State Anthony Head of Radio House, 13, Jakande Road, . Radio Ashomoh Engineering Agidigbi, Ikeja, Lagos Service PMB 21048, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State Tel: 2348034914646 Email: [email protected] 23 Nigerian Mrs. Mabel Ass Chief 3, Wilmot Point Road, Off . Institute for Yarhere Research Ahmadu Bello Way, Victoria Oceanograp Officer Island, Lagos hy and PMB 12729, Lagos, Lagos State Marine Tel: 2348023261588 Research, Email: [email protected] Lagos 24 Plateau Mrs. Emily Administrative The Nigeria Standard . Publishing Joseph Staff Manager 5, Joseph Gomwak Road, PMB Company, 2112, Jos, Plateau State Jos Tel: 23407355010 23407353872 Email: nigeriastandarddailynewspaper@ yahoo.com 25 Plateau Luka Ketas Director, Dogun Dutse, . State Technical PMB 2119, Dogun Dutse, Jos, Agricultural Services Plateau State

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Institutions Persons Designations Contact Address interviewed Developme Tel: 234238073 nt Project, Jos. 26 National Dr J.J Director, PMB 01, Vom, near Jos, Plateau . Veterinary Molokwu Planning State Research Tel: 234073281453 Institute, Fax: 234073460006 & Vom, 234073281452 Plateau Email: [email protected] State 27 The Dr Senior Ruttam House, Oshodi-Apapa . Guardian Olukayode Corresponden Express Way, Isolo , Lagos Newspapers Oyeleye t PMB 1217, Oshodi, Lagos, Lagos , Lagos State Tel: 234014529186 234014931793 Email: [email protected] 28 University of Prof Ayo Chairman, Oyo Road, Ibadan . Ibadan, Oluleye Information University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo Ibadan and State Communicati Tel: 234028103168 on 234028102462 Technologies Fax: 234028103043 Unit Email: [email protected]

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Annex 5 Bibliography

Federal Agricultural Coordinating Unit 1986. A Decade of Agricultural Programmes in Nigeria. Ten Years of Progress. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Abuja. Federal Department of Livestock, 2005 Livestock Statistics in Nigeria Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences Department 2005. Guidelines for the Management of National Agricultural Research Institutes. National Veterinary Research Institute Press. Vom. Nigeria. 31pp. Federal Ministry of agriculture, 2005: Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Livestock . viewed 22 August 2007 Food and Agriculture Statistical Yearbook 2005/2006. http://www.fao.org/statistics/yearbook/vol_1_1/index_en.asp?page+resources , viewed 6 August 2007 Food and Agriculture Yearbook 2005/2006. Country Profiles. http://www.fao.org/statistics/yearbook/vol_1_2/site_en.asp?page=cp, viewed 6 August 2007 Internet Service Providers Association of Nigeria 2007. http://www.ispan.org.ng/members.html >, viewed 21 August 2007 Manyong, U.M.A., A. Ikpi, J.K. Olayemi, S.A. Yusuf, R. Omonona and F.S. Idachaba 2003. Agriculture in Nigeria: Identifying Opportunities for Increased Commercialization and Investment. Main Report submitted to USAID/Nigeria. 160pp National Agricultural Research Strategy Plan (NARSP) 1995. Draft report of North East Zone of Nigeria, The North East Zone Study Group. 278pp National Agricultural Research Strategy Plan for Nigeria 1995. Report on South East Zone. National Agricultural Research Project. Department of Agricultural Sciences. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources. National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria. 319pp. National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), 2007 Government and Private Owned Nigeria Television and Radio Stations http://www.nbc-nig.org Viewed 22 August 2007 National Broadcasting Commission 2007. Broadcasting Stations in Nigeria. http://www.nbc-nig.org/tv_radio.asp, viewed 6 August 2007 National Bureau of Statistics 2005, Social Statistics in Nigeria. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Abuja. 142pp National Bureau of statistics, 2005, Total Cultivable Area

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Nigeria National Report, 2006; Nigeria: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing.International Conference on Agrarian and Rural Development 7-10 March 2006. pg. 6-23 http://www.icarrd.org >, viewed 19 August 2007 Nigerian Communications Commission 2007, About NCC. http://www.ncc.gov.ng/index2_e.htm >, viewed 22 August 2007 Nigerian Export Promotion Council 2007. About Nigeria, Gross domestic product at current basic prices, http://www.nepcng.com/about_nigeria_economy.asp>, viewed 10 August 2007 Nigerian Press Council 2007. The Compilation of the Publications. , viewed 22 August 2007 Nigerian Press Council, 2007, Government and Private Owned Nigeria News Papers , viewed 22 August 2007 Okali, D, E. Okpara and J. Olawoye 2001. The case of Aba and its region, Southeastern Nigeria. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 3 Endsleigh Street, London WC1H, United Kingdom, 63pp Poverty Profile 2004: The Living Standard Survey. National Bureau of Statistics. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Abuja. 98pp. Poverty Profile for Nigeria 2005. National Bureau of Statistics. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Abuja. 97pp. Shaib, B, A. Aliyu and J.S. Bakshi 1997. Nigeria: National Agricultural Research Strategy Plan 1996-2010. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Abuja, Nigeria. 335 pp. The Library of Congress Country Studies 2007. Nigeria: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing. , viewed 9 August 2007 The Library of Country Studies; CIA World Factbook 2007. Nigeria, Agriculture, Forestry and fFshing http://www.photius.com/countries/nigeria/economy/nigeria_economy_agriculture_ forestry 10012.html>, viewed 22 August 2007. The World Fact Book 2007. , viewed 22 August 2007 The World Fact Book, 2007; Ethnic Groups in Nigeria

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