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L'état Des Etats Au Nigéria Service économique régional L’état des Etats au Nigéria 1 Ambassade de France au Nigéria European Union Crescent Off Constitution Avenue Central Business District, Abuja Clause de non-responsabilité : le Service économique s’efforce de diffuser des informations exactes et à jour, et corrigera, dans la mesure du possible, les erreurs qui lui seront signalées. Toutefois, il ne peut en aucun cas être tenu responsable de l’utilisation et de l’interprétation de l’information contenue dans cette publication. L’information sur les projets soutenus par l’Agence Française de Développement (AFD) est donnée à titre purement indicatif. Elle n’est ni exhaustive, ni contractuelle. Un classement par Etats peut être sujet à interprétation, notamment pour des projets nationaux (relatifs à la culture, à la gouvernance…) ou régionaux (coordonnées par la CEDEAO) non mentionnés dans le document. Ce classement n’emporte aucun jugement de valeur et n’est pas une justification de l’aide publique apportée par la France à un Etat fédéré plutôt qu’à un autre. Il peut également être soumis à des changements indépendants de la volonté de l’AFD. 2 Ambassade de France au Nigéria European Union Crescent Off Constitution Avenue Central Business District, Abuja SOMMAIRE Avant-propos .................................................................................................................................................4 Etat d’Abia (Sud-Est) ......................................................................................................................................6 Abuja - Territoire de la Capital Fédérale (Nord-Centre) ................................................................................8 Etat d’Adamawa (Nord-Est) ........................................................................................................................ 10 Etat d’Akwa Ibom (Sud-Sud) ....................................................................................................................... 12 Etat d’Anambra (Sud-Est) ........................................................................................................................... 14 Etat de Bauchi (Nord-Est) .......................................................................................................................... 16 Etat de Bayelsa (Sud-Sud) ........................................................................................................................... 18 Etat de Benue (Nord-Centre)...................................................................................................................... 20 Etat de Borno (Nord-Est) ............................................................................................................................ 22 Etat de Cross River (Sud-Sud) ..................................................................................................................... 24 Etat de Delta (Sud-Sud) .............................................................................................................................. 26 Etat d’Ebonyi (Sud-Est) ............................................................................................................................... 28 Etat d’Edo (Sud-Sud) ................................................................................................................................... 30 Etat d’Ekiti (Sud-Ouest) .............................................................................................................................. 32 Etat d’Enugu (Sud-Est) ................................................................................................................................ 34 Etat de Gombe (Nord-Est) .......................................................................................................................... 36 Etat d’Imo (Sud-Sud) .................................................................................................................................. 38 Etat de Jigawa (Nord-Ouest) ...................................................................................................................... 40 Etat de Kaduna (Nord-Ouest) ..................................................................................................................... 42 Etat de Kano (Nord-Ouest) ......................................................................................................................... 44 Etat de Katsina (Nord-Ouest) ..................................................................................................................... 46 Etat de Kebbi (Nord-Ouest) ........................................................................................................................ 48 Etat de Kogi (Nord-Centre) ......................................................................................................................... 50 Etat de Kwara (Nord-Centre) ...................................................................................................................... 52 Etat de Lagos (Sud-Ouest) .......................................................................................................................... 54 Etat de Nassarawa (Nord-Centre) .............................................................................................................. 56 Etat de Niger (Nord-Centre) ....................................................................................................................... 58 Etat d’Ogun (Sud-Ouest) ............................................................................................................................ 60 Etat d’Ondo (Sud-Ouest) ............................................................................................................................ 62 Etat d’Osun (Sud-Ouest) ............................................................................................................................. 64 Etat d’Oyo (Sud-Ouest) ............................................................................................................................... 66 Etat de Plateau (Nord-Centre) .................................................................................................................... 68 Etat de Rivers (Sud-Sud) ............................................................................................................................. 70 Etat de Sokoto (Nord-Ouest) ...................................................................................................................... 72 Etat de Taraba (Nord-Est) ........................................................................................................................... 74 Etat de Yobe (Nord-Est) .............................................................................................................................. 76 Etat de Zamfara (Nord-Ouest) .................................................................................................................... 78 Sources utilisées ......................................................................................................................................... 80 3 Ambassade de France au Nigéria European Union Crescent Off Constitution Avenue Central Business District, Abuja Avant-propos A travers ce travail de monographies, qui n’avait encore jamais été réalisé en langue française, le Service économique régional d’Abuja a voulu illustrer la diversité géographique, politique, économique et institutionnelle de chaque Etat fédéré. A partir de ce fichier, le lecteur aura à sa disposition les éléments d’information clés permettant de comprendre la spécificité de chacun de ces Etats. L’ensemble de ces fiches a vocation à être mis à jour régulièrement, suivant les changements politiques, la parution de statistiques plus récentes et l’implantation de nouveaux projets conduits par les entreprises françaises. Le système de gouvernement fédéral nigérian, né en 1954, est aujourd’hui composé de trois niveaux : le gouvernement fédéral, les Etats fédérés (36 Etats et le Territoire de la capitale fédérale Abuja) et les 774 gouvernements locaux. Chaque Etat est dirigé par un Gouverneur élu, qui nomme ses Commissaires, équivalents de Ministres au niveau local. Les Etats fédérés disposent ainsi de certaines prérogatives qui font d’eux des interlocuteurs officiels privilégiés, y compris pour nos entreprises. Certaines compétences sont partagées, selon des règles claires, avec l’Etat central, comme l’éducation, la santé, le développement économique ou le rayonnement culturel. Les Etats fédérés sont néanmoins contraints par leur faible capacité budgétaire. En moyenne, seuls 35% de leurs revenus sont générés localement ; ils dépendent donc à 65% des allocations de l’Etat fédéral, soumises aux aléas de recettes budgétaires fragiles. Cependant, cette réalité varie sensiblement d’un Etat à l’autre : l’Etat de Lagos s’autofinance à 77% alors que l’Etat de Bayelsa dépend à 90% de l’Etat central pour son fonctionnement. Par ailleurs, 13% des revenus fédéraux sont réservés aux Etats producteurs de pétrole qui représente plus des 2/3 des recettes budgétaires du Nigéria. Chaque Etat élabore un budget annuel pour mener à bien ses actions. Si, de nouveau, l’Etat de Lagos peut se targuer d’avoir un budget conséquent de 2,9 Mds EUR en 2020, certains autres Etats n’ont que très peu de moyens. De plus, les capacités d’endettement des Etats fédérés restent très limitées et soumises à l’approbation du gouvernement fédéral. En outre, seul l’Etat fédéral peut emprunter à
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