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Chemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Teucrium Polium L

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Chemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Teucrium Polium L American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery www.ajadd.co.uk Original Article Chemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Teucrium polium L. Essential Oil from Eastern Algeria Takia Lograda*1, Messaoud Ramdani1, Pierre Chalard2,3, Gilles Figueredo4 and Assia Deghar1 1Laboratory of Natural Resource Valorisation, SNV Faculty, Ferhat Abbas University, 19000 Setif, Algeria 2Clermont Université, ENSCCF, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France 3CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubière, France 4LEXVA Analytique, Rue Henri Mondor Bipol Clermont-Limagne, 63360, Saint Beauzir Date of Receipt- 12/10/2014 ABSTRACT Date of Revision- 21/10/2014 Date of Acceptance- 21/10/2014 Objective: The investigation of the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from Teucrium polium and the chromosome number identification. Material and Methods: This study was carried in the Department of Biology and Ecology (University Ferhat Abbas) and ENSCCF (France) between September 2013 and October 2014. Aerial parts were collected from three localities from Eastern Algeria (Beni Aziz, Boutaleb and Amouchas). The air-dried aerial parts were subjected to hydro-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The analysis and identification of the essential oil components of Teucrium polium, was performed using the GC-MS. The disk diffusion method is utilised for determination of the antibacterial activity. Results: The average yield of essential oil of the samples is 0.37%. These analyses led to the identification of 57 components. The chemical composition of the essential oil of T. polium is dominated Address for by the presence of a major product, α-pinene (14.1 - 18%), β-pinene Correspondence (15.3 - 18.1%), germacrene-D (3.8 - 19%), myrcene (8.2 - 10.4%), limonene (5.3 - 8.7%), sabinene (2.7 - 4.3%), caryophyllene-(E) (1.8 Laboratory of Natural - 2.3%) and spathulenol (1 - 2.9%). The essential oil of the Beni Aziz Resource Valorisation, population has a high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, SNV Faculty, Ferhat Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Abbas University, population of Boutaleb has significant activity against Bacillus 19000 Setif, Algeria. cereus and no action against S. aureus and the yeast S. cerevisiae. E-mail: Conclusion: The observed differences and variability of the essential [email protected] oil of T. polium of Algeria are likely due to different environmental and genetic factors. The number of components is different in these American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery www.ajadd.co.uk Lograda et al___________________________________________________ ISSN 2321-547X three populations of T. polium from eastern Algeria. Our investigation allows us to support the presence of several chemotypes in T. polium. The chemotype to germacrene-D is located in the regions of Amouchas and Boutaleb. Beni Aziz is the region that has favoured the development of Δ-elemene chemotype. The results of this work show that the essential oil of T. polium possesses antimicrobial properties, which can be used as natural antimicrobial agents. Keywords: Teucrium polium, Essential oil, Antibacterial activity, Chemotype, Algeria. INTRODUCTION In the literature, several studies on noticed the negative effects of the crude the essential oils composition of Teucrium extract on liver and kidney function23,40. In polium were performed1-14 (Table 1). This traditional medicine the aerial parts of the species is rich in essential oil13 and plant are used in the treatment of abdominal alkaloids15. Chemical analyzes of this cramps, headaches and diabetes41. The species have revealed the presence of the aqueous extract of the plant has an esters and caffeic acid16, cardiac antispasmodic effect, anorexia and glycosides17, phenylethanoid18 and the hypolipidemic animal35,36. flavonoids19,20. Chemical analysis has It has been found that the extract of allowed the identification of sterols, leaf of several plants have an important triterpene17 and furanoid diterpenes21. antimicrobial activity against human The cases of hepatic toxicity caused pathogens42,43. Various studies have shown by Teucrium have been described22. significant antibacterial activity of T. Consumption of this plant causes polium9. This plant show an efficiency hepatitis23,24. The flower buds of T. against Staphylococcus epidermidis chamaedrys, used in the preparation of tea, compared to the gentamicin44. The test of are considered by the Italian Ministry of MIC and MBC against S. pneumoniae, S. Health as toxic25. The hepatic toxicity has aureus and Escherichia coli have shown that been attributed to neoclerodane these bacteria are sensitive to very low diterpenoids26,27. The therapeutic benefit of concentrations of the essential oil of T. Teucrium is often attributed to their polium45. The antimicrobial effects of this antioxidant properties20,28,29. species were evaluated on bacteria and The leaves and flowering tops of T. showed that extracts were quite effective on polium have an antiseptic and anti- Streptococcus pyogenes and S. inflammatory properties30 and anti- epidermidis46. oxidants31. The extract methanoic of T. The extract of T. polium the polium protects RBCs against lipid Mediterranean region has a high inhibitory peroxidation32. It has properties, sudorific, effect against several bacteria47. The same tonic and antipyretic33, vulnerary, effect is observed on the extracts from the expectorant and ermifuge34. The essential region of Iraq48, and in the region of Iran46. oils of T. polium have a powerful effect The T. polium extracts are effective on against diabetes35-39, while others have Bacillus anthracis, Bordetella AJADD[2][6][2014]697-710 Lograda et al___________________________________________________ ISSN 2321-547X bronchiseptica and Salmonella typhi47. The 50°C (5 min) to 300°C at 5°C/min, with a 5 same observations were made on Klebsiella min hold. Helium was used as the carrier gas pneumoniae13. The extracts of T. polium of (1.0 ml/min); injection in split mode (1:30); Turkey have high activity against injector and detector temperatures, 250 and Staphylococcus aureus, but do not have 280°C, respectively. The mass spectrometer activity against E. coli49. The methanol worked in EI mode at 70 eV; electron extracts of T. polium of London show high multiplier, 2500 V; ion source temperature, activity on Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus 180°C; MS data were acquired in the scan luteus and Paracoccus pantotrophus50. mode in the m/z range 33-450. In the present study, the aim was to The identification of the components identify the chemical composition of the oils was based on comparison of their mass of Teucrium polium obtained from plants spectra with those of NIST mass spectral growing in the eastern Algeria as well as to library51,52 and those described by Adams, as evaluate their antimicrobial activity and well as on comparison of their retention identification of the chromosome number. indices either with those of authentic compounds or with literature values53. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibacterial and antifungal activities Plant material The antimicrobial activity of Teucrium polium samples were Teucrium polium essential oils has been collected from natural populations of Setif investigated on different bacteria and yeast. region which is located in the North East The Extract Essential oil was tested against part of Algeria (Figure 1). Aerial parts were the following bacteria; two gram negative collected in September 2013, from three bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and localities (Beni Aziz, Boutaleb and Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 and two gram Amouchas) (Figure 2). Voucher specimens positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus were deposited in the herbarium of the ATCC 6538 and Micrococcus luteus ATCC Department of Ecology and Biology, Setif 533 and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae University, Algeria. ATCC 763. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of the examined extract Extraction of the essential oil was assessed the determination of the The air-dried aerial parts of the three activity by the disk diffusion method, populations were subjected to hydro- according to recommendations of the distillation for 3 h with the distilled water Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The oil The bacterial inocula were prepared obtained was collected and dried over from overnight broth culture in anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored in physiological saline (0.9% of NaCl) in order screw capped glass vials in a refrigerator at to obtain an optical density ranging from 4°C, prior to analysis. Yield based on dried 0.08-01 at 625 nm. Muller-Hinton agar (MH weight of the samples was calculated. agar), and the Sabouraud broth for yeast, were poured in Petri dishes, solidified and Essential oil analysis surface dried before inoculation. Sterile The essential oils were analysed on a discs (6 mm Φ) were placed on inoculated Hewlett-Packard gas chromatograph Model agars, by test bacteria, filled with 10 μl of 5890, coupled to a Hewlett-Packard model mother solution. Bacterial growth inhibition 5971, equipped with a DB5 MS column (30 was determined as the diameter of the m X 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm), programming from AJADD[2][6][2014]697-710 Lograda et al___________________________________________________ ISSN 2321-547X inhibition zones around the discs. All tests The essential oil of Teucrium polium were performed in triplicate. Then, Petri is dominated by the presence of major dishes were incubated at 37°C during 18 to products, α-pinene (14.1-18-17.4%), β- 24h aerobically (Bacteria). After incubation, pinene (15.3-18.1-15%), germacrene D inhibition zone diameters were measured (14.7-3.8-19%), myrcene (8.6-10.4-8.2%), and documented. limonene (5.3-8.7-6%), sabinene (2.7-4.3- 3.6%), Caryophyllene-(E) (2.9-2.2-1.8%), Statistical analysis Spathulenol (2.7-1-2.9%), β-bourbonene Data were treated with the (1.4-1.6-1.7%) and Caryophyllene oxide Unweighted Pair Group Method with (1.5-1-1.5%) in the populations of Arithmetic mean (UPGMA), using the set of Amouchas, Beni Aziz and Boutaleb, terpenoids that was found in sufficient respectively.
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