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Plicariella Flavovirens Comb. Nov. (Ascomycota, Pezizales)

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Plicariella Flavovirens Comb. Nov. (Ascomycota, Pezizales) Plicariella flavovirens comb. nov. (Ascomycota, Pezizales), une pézize remarquable Nicolas VAN VOOREN Gilbert MOYNE 36 rue de la Garde 12 rue Radieuse F-69005 Lyon F-25000 Besançon [email protected] [email protected] Ascomycete.org, 4 (1) : 11-14. Résumé : Plicariella flavovirens comb. nov. (syn. Scabropezia flavovirens) est une es- Février 2012 pèce remarquable appartenant à un genre de Pezizaceae à spores sphériques, pré- Mise en ligne le 11/02/2012 sentant des similitudes avec les genres Plicaria et Pachyphloeus. Une nouvelle récolte, effectuée durant l’été 2011, permet une description complète et une illus- tration de ce taxon rare. Des précisions taxinomiques et systématiques sont égale- ment données. Mots-clés : Pezizomycetes, Pezizaceae, Scabropezia, Plicaria, Pachyphloeus, taxino- mie. Summary: Plicariella flavovirens comb. nov. (syn. Scabropezia flavovirens) is a re- markable species belonging to a Pezizaceae genus with spherical spores, showing si- milarities with the genera Plicaria and Pachyphloeus. A new collection, made during the summer 2011, enables a complete description and illustration of this rare taxon. Some taxonomical and systematical precisions are also given. Keywords: Pezizomycetes, Pezizaceae, Scabropezia, Plicaria, Pachyphloeus, taxo- nomy. Introduction Taxinomie La découverte, pendant l’été 2011, d’une nouvelle station SPOONER (2001) en étudiant le type de Peziza radula Berk. & de Scabropezia flavovirens (Fuckel) Dissing & Pfister nous a Broome 1846 a démontré sa congénéricité avec le genre permis d’étudier précisément cette espèce et de rectifier Scabropezia Dissing & Pfister. Il proposa dès lors de réhabi- liter le genre Plicariella Rehm — dont le lectotype est P. ra- une erreur de détermination commise sur une précédente dula — faisant ainsi tomber, selon le principe d’antériorité, le récolte (VAN VOOREN, 2006). En effet, nous avions mal inter- genre Scabropezia en synonymie. Bien que la classification prété la clé proposée par HANSEN & KNUDSEN (2000 : 67 et proposée par LUMBSCH & HUHNDORF (2010) ne retienne pas le fig. 36) au regard du dessin de spores illustrant S. flavovi- genre Plicariella, nous suivons la proposition de Spooner. À rens et l’absence de « vert » dans l’hyménium de nos spéci- notre connaissance, la combinaison de S. flavovirens dans mens récoltés. Cette nouvelle récolte est donc l’occasion de le genre Plicariella n’ayant pas encore été effectuée, nous la présenter l’espèce en détail et en écho à la présentation de proposons ici : DOUGOUD (2012) relative à Plicariella scabrosa (Cooke) Spoo- Plicariella flavovirens (Fuckel) Van Vooren & Moyne, comb. ner. nov. Basionyme : Plicaria flavovirens Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Matériel et méthode Naturk., 27-28 : 64 (1874). ≡ Peziza flavovirens (Fuckel) Cooke, Mycographia : 68 Les spécimens ont été étudiés sur le frais. Les caractères (1876). ont été observés au microscope optique, dans l’eau, à dif- ≡ Scypharia flavovirens (Fuckel) Quél., Enchir. fung. : 282 férents grossissements pour les décrire et les mesurer. Nous (1886). ≡ Sphaerospora flavovirens (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. fung., 8 : avons utilisé le réactif de Lugol (IKI) pour vérifier l’amyloïdie 189 (1889). des asques. Les mesures de spores sont données sur la ≡ Sphaerosporula flavovirens (Fuckel) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., base de 25 spores libres. Les dessins microscopiques sont 3 (3) : 530 (1898). réalisés à main levée. ≡ Scabropezia flavovirens (Fuckel) Dissing & Pfister, Nord. J. Bot., 1 (1) : 104 (1981). 11 1 2 3 Plicariella flavovirens. 1. Récolte NV 2011.08.11 (photo : N. Van Vooren). 2. Spores dans le bleu coton. 3. Récolte du 11.VIII.2010 (photo G. Moyne). Synonymes taxinomiques : voir DISSING & PFISTER (1981 : ménium noirâtre avec des reflets olivacés nets, plus rare- 104). ment rougeâtres (spécimens de la collection NV Mycobank n° MB 564369. 2005.08.09) ; surface externe brun chocolat, fortement ver- ruqueuse, à verrues plus ou moins pyramidales. Chair brun Diagnose princeps : olivâtre, succulente, à suc incolore. 279. Plicaria Fuckl. P. flavo-virens nov. sp. Sous-hyménium formé d’hyphes plus ou moins intriquées, Cupulis sessilibus, sparsis, primo concavis, demum magis expla- allongées, mêlées d’autres plus larges ou boudinées. Exci- natis, ad unciam latis, extus tomento denso, ferrugineo tectis, pulum médullaire épais de 400–550 µm, de textura intri- disco amoene flavo-viridi, plerumque immutabili; ascis longissimis, cata, à hyphes brunâtres, de formes variées, allongées, cylindraceis, 8 sporis, 128 Mik. long. (pars sporifer.), 20 Mik. crass.; sporidiis in asci superiori parte monostichis, perfecte glo- boudinées, clavées ou subsphériques. Excipulum ectal de bosis, reticulatis, flavo-fuscis, 16 Mik. diam. textura angularis à subglobulosa, à cellules brunes, larges Auf feuchtem Sandboden in Gebüsch, sehr selten, im Nachsom- de 22–80 µm, s’agrégeant, dans la partie la plus externe, en mer. Am Rheinufer bei Ragaz, Schweiz. structures pyramidales hautes jusqu’à 600 µm ; cellules composant les structures pyramidales anguleuses, plus ou Type : conservé dans l’herbier Fuckel au Conservatoire et moins mêlées d’autres plus allongées, brun noirâtre. Pré- Jardin botaniques de Genève (G). sence à la base des apothécies de quelques « poils », courts, cloisonnés et finement incrustés. Asques cylindracés, (260) Iconographie : COOKE (1876, fig. 122) 1 ; HANSEN (in HANSEN et 300–340 × 17–22,5 µm, atténués à la base, pleuro- al., 2001 : 959, fig. 7) ; JAMONI (2001 : planche photogra- rynques, octosporés, à paroi et sommet réagissant en bleu phique n° 1, en bas) ; ŠVIDROŇ (2010) ; RUBIO (in RUBIO et al., en présence de Lugol (IKI). Paraphyses cylindracées, hya- 2010 : 311). lines, peu élargies au sommet (5–8 µm), avec présence d’un pigment extracellulaire jaune-brun qui entoure leur sommet. Description Ascospores sphériques, (12) 12,5–14 µm sans les orne- ments, hyalines, puis brun pâle ou brun-jaune à pleine ma- Apothécies sessiles, cupuliformes, de 5–22 (26) mm de dia- turité, uniguttulées, verruqueuses, à verrues assez denses, mètre et 4–15 mm de hauteur, d’abord fermées, ne laissant isolées, cyanophiles, plus ou moins arrondies, obtuses, plus paraître qu’une fente, puis s’ouvrant, mais parfois restant rarement coniques 2, de 1 µm de diamètre environ et hautes comprimées latéralement par pression du substrat, à hy- jusqu’à 1 µm. 1 COOKE semble ne pas avoir étudié lui-même le champignon et se base sur les indications de Fuckel pour illustrer cette es- pèce, d’où la représentation de spores réticulées ! 2 La présence de verrues coniques a été relevée par HIRSCH (1985) sur des spores immatures. 12 A B C D Fig. 1 – Plicariella flavovirens. Caractères microscopiques. A. Sommet d’asque et de paraphyses. B. Ascospores. C. Réaction amyloïde du sommet d’un asque. D. Base d’asque. Barres d’échelle = 10 µm. Dessin : N. Van Vooren Habitat et récoltes : Répartition européenne Au sol, près d’un ruisseau, parmi les graviers sur terrain cal- caire, sous feuillus, plusieurs spécimens, à Amancey Hormis la récolte princeps effectuée en Suisse, l’espèce est (Doubs), Grand Bois, source Comboyer, le 17.VIII.2011, connue d’Allemagne (HIRSCH, 1985 ; BANDINI, 2009, site As- leg. G. Moyne, P. Chaillet et N. Van Vooren ; herbier person- cofrance.fr), du Danemark (DISSING & PFISTER, 1981), d’Es- nel NV 2011.08.11. Amondans (Doubs), Moulins Saillard, pagne (RUBIO et al., 2010), d’Italie (JAMONI, 2001), du tufière, le 11.VIII.2010, leg. G. Moyne ; herbier personnel GM Monténégro (PERIĆ, comm. pers.), de Norvège (KRISTIANSEN, 2008 08 04. Amancey (Doubs), MEN 3424D, Grand Bois, 1985), de Slovaquie (ŠVIDROŇ, 2010) et de Suède (DISSING & tufière en dessous de la source Comboyer, le 24.VIII.2009, PFISTER, 1981). En France, nous n’avons trouvé aucune ré- férence à cette espèce dans la littérature, alors que P. sca- leg. G. Moyne. Sur sable de tuf, à Châteauvieux-les-Fossés brosa a déjà été signalé sur le territoire (COURTECUISSE et al., (Doubs), MEN 3424AC, ruisseau de Vergetolle, le 2.IX.2004, 1986 ; DEÏANA, in BIDAUD et al., 2002 ; RIBOLLET, 2008). le 14.VII.2006 et 13.IX.2007, leg. G. Moyne. Au sol, à Ornans (Doubs), MEN 3424A, ruisseau de Vau Narbey, cascade de Systématique la Peusse, le 16.VIII.2005, leg. G. Moyne. Au sol, sur les bords d’une rivière, près de petites mousses, quelques spé- La réaction amyloïde des asques de cette espèce place na- cimens, à Châteauvieux-les-Fossés (Doubs), ruisseau de Ver- turellement le genre Plicariella Rehm (syn. Scabropezia Dis- getolle, le 17.VIII.2005, leg. G. Moyne et N. Van Vooren ; sing & Pfister) au sein de la famille des Pezizaceae, ce que herbier NV 2005.08.09. Sur sable de tuf, à Châteauvieux- les travaux de phylogénie moléculaire de HANSEN et al. les-Fossés (Doubs), MEN 3424AC, ruisseau de Vergetolle, le (2001) ont confirmé. On notera au passage que ce genre 2.IX.2004, leg. G. Moyne. est assez éloigné du genre Plicaria Fuckel, avec lequel il pré- 13 sente quelques affinités morphologiques et microscopiques Bibliographie (spores sphériques et ornées). DISSING & PFISTER (1981) ont également mis en avant une certaine analogie avec le genre BIDAUD A., DEPARIS L., DEÏANA J.-C., CAVET J. & MARTIN M. 2002. Journée Pachyphloeus Tul. & C. Tul., un genre hypogé au sein des Pe- des espèces rares et intéressantes. Bulletin mycologique et bo- zizaceae (voir par exemple HEALY et al., 2009) dont le carac- tanique Dauphiné-Savoie, 167 : 19-28. tère mycorrhizique a été démontré (TEDERSOO et al., 2006 ; COOKE M.C. 1876. — Mycographia, seu icones fungorum: figures of ERŐS-HONTI & JAKUCS, 2009). Des travaux de biologie molé- fungi from all parts of the world, drawn and illustrated: Disco- culaire notamment ceux de LÆSSØE & HANSEN (2007) ont mycetes. Fasc. 2. London, Williams and Norgate. confirmé cette affinité phylogénétique en plaçant les es- COURTECUISSE R., PRIOU J.-P. & BOISSELET P. 1986. — Contribution à la pèces du genre Scabropezia au sein d’un clade comprenant connaissance de la flore fongique du Morbihan et de quelques départements voisins – I. Documents mycologiques, XVI (62) : notamment Pachyphloeus melanoxanthus (Berk.) Tul. & C. 1-22.
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    Aanen, D. K. & T. W. Kuyper (1999). Intercompatibility tests in the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex in northwestern Europe. Mycologia 91: 783-795. Aanen, D. K., T. W. Kuyper, T. Boekhout & R. F. Hoekstra (2000). Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Hebeloma based on ITS1 and 2 sequences, with special emphasis on the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex. Mycologia 92: 269-281. Aanen, D. K. & T. W. Kuyper (2004). A comparison of the application of a biological and phenetic species concept in the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex within a phylogenetic framework. Persoonia 18: 285-316. Abbott, S. O. & Currah, R. S. (1997). The Helvellaceae: Systematic revision and occurrence in northern and northwestern North America. Mycotaxon 62: 1-125. Abesha, E., G. Caetano-Anollés & K. Høiland (2003). Population genetics and spatial structure of the fairy ring fungus Marasmius oreades in a Norwegian sand dune ecosystem. Mycologia 95: 1021-1031. Abraham, S. P. & A. R. Loeblich III (1995). Gymnopilus palmicola a lignicolous Basidiomycete, growing on the adventitious roots of the palm sabal palmetto in Texas. Principes 39: 84-88. Abrar, S., S. Swapna & M. Krishnappa (2012). Development and morphology of Lysurus cruciatus--an addition to the Indian mycobiota. Mycotaxon 122: 217-282. Accioly, T., R. H. S. F. Cruz, N. M. Assis, N. K. Ishikawa, K. Hosaka, M. P. Martín & I. G. Baseia (2018). Amazonian bird's nest fungi (Basidiomycota): Current knowledge and novelties on Cyathus species. Mycoscience 59: 331-342. Acharya, K., P. Pradhan, N. Chakraborty, A. K. Dutta, S. Saha, S. Sarkar & S. Giri (2010). Two species of Lysurus Fr.: addition to the macrofungi of West Bengal.
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