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The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-1958
THE COMMONWEALTH TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1955-1958 HOW THE CROSSING OF ANTARCTICA MOVED NEW ZEALAND TO RECOGNISE ITS ANTARCTIC HERITAGE AND TAKE AN EQUAL PLACE AMONG ANTARCTIC NATIONS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (Antarctic Studies – History) University of Canterbury Gateway Antarctica Stephen Walter Hicks 2015 Statement of Authority & Originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Elements of material covered in Chapter 4 and 5 have been published in: Electronic version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume00,(0), pp.1-12, (2011), Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp. 50-61, Cambridge University Press, 2013 Signature of Candidate ________________________________ Table of Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................. -
Species Status Assessment Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes Fosteri)
SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENT EMPEROR PENGUIN (APTENODYTES FOSTERI) Emperor penguin chicks being socialized by male parents at Auster Rookery, 2008. Photo Credit: Gary Miller, Australian Antarctic Program. Version 1.0 December 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Program Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species Falls Church, Virginia Acknowledgements: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penguins are flightless birds that are highly adapted for the marine environment. The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species. Emperors are near the top of the Southern Ocean’s food chain and primarily consume Antarctic silverfish, Antarctic krill, and squid. They are excellent swimmers and can dive to great depths. The average life span of emperor penguin in the wild is 15 to 20 years. Emperor penguins currently breed at 61 colonies located around Antarctica, with the largest colonies in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. The total population size is estimated at approximately 270,000–280,000 breeding pairs or 625,000–650,000 total birds. Emperor penguin depends upon stable fast ice throughout their 8–9 month breeding season to complete the rearing of its single chick. They are the only warm-blooded Antarctic species that breeds during the austral winter and therefore uniquely adapted to its environment. Breeding colonies mainly occur on fast ice, close to the coast or closely offshore, and amongst closely packed grounded icebergs that prevent ice breaking out during the breeding season and provide shelter from the wind. Sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has undergone considerable inter-annual variability over the last 40 years, although with much greater inter-annual variability in the five sectors than for the Southern Ocean as a whole. -
Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS)
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 95 / Wednesday, May 16, 2012 / Notices 28903 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dates Detailed meeting agendas and meeting Polly A. Penhale at the above address or October 1, 2012 to December 30, 2012. transcripts are available on the NRC (703) 292–7420. Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/reading- Nadene G. Kennedy, rm/doc-collections/acrs. Information SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Permit Officer, Office of Polar Programs. regarding topics to be discussed, National Science Foundation, as [FR Doc. 2012–11840 Filed 5–15–12; 8:45 am] changes to the agenda, whether the directed by the Antarctic Conservation BILLING CODE 7555–01–P meeting has been canceled or Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95–541), as rescheduled, and the time allotted to amended by the Antarctic Science, present oral statements can be obtained Tourism and Conservation Act of 1996, from the Web site cited above or by has developed regulations for the NUCLEAR REGULATORY contacting the identified DFO. establishment of a permit system for COMMISSION Moreover, in view of the possibility that various activities in Antarctica and the schedule for ACRS meetings may be designation of certain animals and Advisory Committee on Reactor adjusted by the Chairman as necessary certain geographic areas requiring Safeguards (ACRS) Meeting of the to facilitate the conduct of the meeting, special protection. The regulations ACRS Subcommittee on Fukushima; persons planning to attend should check establish such a permit system to Notice of Meeting with these references if such designate Antarctic Specially Protected The ACRS Subcommittee on rescheduling would result in a major Areas. -
The Antarctic Treaty
The Antarctic Treaty Measures adopted at the Thirty-ninth Consultative Meeting held at Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty November 2017 Cm 9542 © Crown copyright 2017 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Treaty Section, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, King Charles Street, London, SW1A 2AH ISBN 978-1-5286-0126-9 CCS1117441642 11/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majestyʼs Stationery Office MEASURES ADOPTED AT THE THIRTY-NINTH ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 The Measures1 adopted at the Thirty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting are reproduced below from the Final Report of the Meeting. In accordance with Article IX, paragraph 4, of the Antarctic Treaty, the Measures adopted at Consultative Meetings become effective upon approval by all Contracting Parties whose representatives were entitled to participate in the meeting at which they were adopted (i.e. all the Consultative Parties). The full text of the Final Report of the Meeting, including the Decisions and Resolutions adopted at that Meeting and colour copies of the maps found in this command paper, is available on the website of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat at www.ats.aq/documents. -
Moult of the Emperor Penguin: Travel, Location, and Habitat Selection
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 204: 269–277, 2000 Published October 5 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Moult of the emperor penguin: travel, location, and habitat selection G. L. Kooyman1,*, E. C. Hunke2, S. F. Ackley3, R. P. van Dam1, G. Robertson4 1Scholander Hall, 0204, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, USA 2MS-B216, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA 3Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 72 Lyme Rd., Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA 4Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston 7050, Tasmania, Australia ABSTRACT: All penguins except emperors Aptenodytes forsteri and Adelies Pygoscelis adeliae moult on land, usually near the breeding colonies. These 2 Antarctic species typically moult some- where in the pack-ice. Emperor penguins begin their moult in early summer when the pack-ice cover of the Antarctic Ocean is receding. The origin of the few moulting birds seen by observers on pass- ing ships is unknown, and the locations are often far from any known colonies. We attached satellite transmitters to 12 breeding adult A. forsteri from western Ross Sea colonies before they departed the colony for the last time before moulting. In addition, we surveyed some remote areas of the Weddell Sea north and east of some large colonies that are located along the southern and western borders of this sea. The tracked birds moved at a rate of nearly 50 km d–1 for more than 1000 km over 30 d to reach areas of perennially consistent pack-ice. Almost all birds traveled to the eastern Ross Sea and western Amundsen Sea. -
Antarctic Treaty Handbook
Annex Proposed Renumbering of Antarctic Protected Areas Existing SPA’s Existing Site Proposed Year Annex V No. New Site Management Plan No. Adopted ‘Taylor Rookery 1 101 1992 Rookery Islands 2 102 1992 Ardery Island and Odbert Island 3 103 1992 Sabrina Island 4 104 Beaufort Island 5 105 Cape Crozier [redesignated as SSSI no.4] - - Cape Hallet 7 106 Dion Islands 8 107 Green Island 9 108 Byers Peninsula [redesignated as SSSI no. 6] - - Cape Shireff [redesignated as SSSI no. 32] - - Fildes Peninsula [redesignated as SSSI no.5] - - Moe Island 13 109 1995 Lynch Island 14 110 Southern Powell Island 15 111 1995 Coppermine Peninsula 16 112 Litchfield Island 17 113 North Coronation Island 18 114 Lagotellerie Island 19 115 New College Valley 20 116 1992 Avian Island (was SSSI no. 30) 21 117 ‘Cryptogram Ridge’ 22 118 Forlidas and Davis Valley Ponds 23 119 Pointe-Geologic Archipelago 24 120 1995 Cape Royds 1 121 Arrival Heights 2 122 Barwick Valley 3 123 Cape Crozier (was SPA no. 6) 4 124 Fildes Peninsula (was SPA no. 12) 5 125 Byers Peninsula (was SPA no. 10) 6 126 Haswell Island 7 127 Western Shore of Admiralty Bay 8 128 Rothera Point 9 129 Caughley Beach 10 116 1995 ‘Tramway Ridge’ 11 130 Canada Glacier 12 131 Potter Peninsula 13 132 Existing SPA’s Existing Site Proposed Year Annex V No. New Site Management Plan No. Adopted Harmony Point 14 133 Cierva Point 15 134 North-east Bailey Peninsula 16 135 Clark Peninsula 17 136 North-west White Island 18 137 Linnaeus Terrace 19 138 Biscoe Point 20 139 Parts of Deception Island 21 140 ‘Yukidori Valley’ 22 141 Svarthmaren 23 142 Summit of Mount Melbourne 24 118 ‘Marine Plain’ 25 143 Chile Bay 26 144 Port Foster 27 145 South Bay 28 146 Ablation Point 29 147 Avian Island [redesignated as SPA no. -
Flnitflrcililcl
flNiTflRCililCl A NEWS BULLETIN published quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC) svs-r^s* ■jffim Nine noses pointing home. A team of New Zealand huskies on the way back to Scott Base after a run on the sea ice of McMurdo Sound. Black Island is in the background. Pholo by Colin Monteath \f**lVOL Oy, KUNO. O OHegisierea Wellington, atNew kosi Zealand, uttice asHeadquarters, a magazine. n-.._.u—December, -*r\n*1981 SOUTH GEORGIA SOUTH SANDWICH Is- / SOUTH ORKNEY Is £ \ ^c-c--- /o Orcadas arg \ XJ FALKLAND Is /«Signy I.uk > SOUTH AMERICA / /A #Borga ) S y o w a j a p a n \ £\ ^> Molodezhnaya 4 S O U T H Q . f t / ' W E D D E L L \ f * * / ts\ xr\ussR & SHETLAND>.Ra / / lj/ n,. a nn\J c y DDRONNING d y ^ j MAUD LAND E N D E R B Y \ ) y ^ / Is J C^x. ' S/ E A /CCA« « • * C",.,/? O AT S LrriATCN d I / LAND TV^ ANTARCTIC \V DrushsnRY,a«feneral Be|!rano ARG y\\ Mawson MAC ROBERTSON LAND\ \ aust /PENINSULA'5^ *^Rcjnne J <S\ (see map below) VliAr^PSobral arg \ ^ \ V D a v i s a u s t . 3_ Siple _ South Pole • | U SA l V M I IAmundsen-Scott I U I I U i L ' l I QUEEN MARY LAND ^Mir"Y {ViELLSWORTHTTH \ -^ USA / j ,pt USSR. ND \ *, \ Vfrs'L LAND *; / °VoStOk USSR./ ft' /"^/ A\ /■■"j■ - D:':-V ^%. J ^ , MARIE BYRD\Jx^:/ce She/f-V^ WILKES LAND ,-TERRE , LAND \y ADELIE ,'J GEORGE VLrJ --Dumont d'Urville france Leningradskaya USSR ,- 'BALLENY Is ANTARCTIC PENIMSULA 1 Teniente Matienzo arg 2 Esperanza arg 3 Almirante Brown arg 4 Petrel arg 5 Deception arg 6 Vicecomodoro Marambio arg ' ANTARCTICA 7 Arturo Prat chile 8 Bernardo O'Higgins chile 9 P r e s i d e n t e F r e i c h i l e : O 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 K i l o m e t r e s 10 Stonington I. -
1 Compiled by Mike Wing New Zealand Antarctic Society (Inc
ANTARCTIC 1 Compiled by Mike Wing US bulldozer, 1: 202, 340, 12: 54, New Zealand Antarctic Society (Inc) ACECRC, see Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperation Research Centre Volume 1-26: June 2009 Acevedo, Capitan. A.O. 4: 36, Ackerman, Piers, 21: 16, Vessel names are shown viz: “Aconcagua” Ackroyd, Lieut. F: 1: 307, All book reviews are shown under ‘Book Reviews’ Ackroyd-Kelly, J. W., 10: 279, All Universities are shown under ‘Universities’ “Aconcagua”, 1: 261 Aircraft types appear under Aircraft. Acta Palaeontolegica Polonica, 25: 64, Obituaries & Tributes are shown under 'Obituaries', ACZP, see Antarctic Convergence Zone Project see also individual names. Adam, Dieter, 13: 6, 287, Adam, Dr James, 1: 227, 241, 280, Vol 20 page numbers 27-36 are shared by both Adams, Chris, 11: 198, 274, 12: 331, 396, double issues 1&2 and 3&4. Those in double issue Adams, Dieter, 12: 294, 3&4 are marked accordingly. Adams, Ian, 1: 71, 99, 167, 229, 263, 330, 2: 23, Adams, J.B., 26: 22, Adams, Lt. R.D., 2: 127, 159, 208, Adams, Sir Jameson Obituary, 3: 76, A Adams Cape, 1: 248, Adams Glacier, 2: 425, Adams Island, 4: 201, 302, “101 In Sung”, f/v, 21: 36, Adamson, R.G. 3: 474-45, 4: 6, 62, 116, 166, 224, ‘A’ Hut restorations, 12: 175, 220, 25: 16, 277, Aaron, Edwin, 11: 55, Adare, Cape - see Hallett Station Abbiss, Jane, 20: 8, Addison, Vicki, 24: 33, Aboa Station, (Finland) 12: 227, 13: 114, Adelaide Island (Base T), see Bases F.I.D.S. Abbott, Dr N.D. -
Post Middle Miocene Tectonomagmatic and Stratigraphic 10.1029/2019GC008568 Evolution of the Victoria Land Basin, West Antarctica Special Section: Christopher P
RESEARCH ARTICLE Post Middle Miocene Tectonomagmatic and Stratigraphic 10.1029/2019GC008568 Evolution of the Victoria Land Basin, West Antarctica Special Section: Christopher P. Wenman 1, Dennis L. Harry 1 , and Sumant Jha 1 Polar region geosystems 1Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Key Points: • Neogene extension in the Victoria Land Basin included a middle Abstract Seismic re flection and borehole data are used to create structure maps of four regional and Miocene amagmatic phase and a three local unconformities that constrain the post middle Miocene evolution of the Victoria Land Basin post ‐Miocene magmatic phase (VLB), which is located in the western Ross Sea within the Late Cretaceous through Quaternary West • The sedimentary moat around Ross Island is a composite of flexural Antarctic Rift System. Isochore maps of the strata between unconformities show that rifting was mostly basins formed by the major volcanic amagmatic between 12 to 7.6 Ma, with subsidence controlled by faults bordering the northwest margin of the centers on the island basin and in a tectonic zone along the southern basin axis known as the Terror Rift. Depocenters • The elastic thickness of the lithosphere ranges from 0.6 –2.4 km surrounding volcanic features in strata younger than 4.3 Ma indicate an increasing in fluence of flexure due to volcanic loading on the subsidence pattern in the southern VLB after this time. The intervening period, Supporting Information: from 7.6 to 4.3 Ma, was a transitional period during which both extensional tectonism and magmatism •Supporting Information S1 exerted strong in fluences on basin morphology. -
South Polar Skua Breeding Populations in the Ross Sea Assessed from Demonstrated Relationship with Adélie Penguin Numbers
South Polar Skua breeding populations in the Ross Sea assessed from demonstrated relationship with Adélie Penguin numbers Deborah J. Wilson, Philip O’B. Lyver, Terry C. Greene, Amy L. Whitehead, Katie M. Dugger, Brian J. Karl, James R. F. Barringer, et al. Polar Biology ISSN 0722-4060 Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-016-1980-4 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-016-1980-4 ORIGINAL PAPER South Polar Skua breeding populations in the Ross Sea assessed from demonstrated relationship with Ade´lie Penguin numbers 1 2 3 4 Deborah J. Wilson • Philip O’B. Lyver • Terry C. Greene • Amy L. Whitehead • 5 2 2 6 Katie M. Dugger • Brian J. Karl • James R. F. Barringer • Roger McGarry • 7 8 Annie M. Pollard • David G. Ainley Received: 20 October 2015 / Revised: 25 April 2016 / Accepted: 25 May 2016 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract In the Ross Sea region, most South Polar Skuas penguin pairs; 45 skua pairs). -
Mantle Plumes and Antarctica–New Zealand Rifting: Evidence from Mid-Cretaceous Mafic Dykes
Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 156, 1999, pp. 659–671. Printed in Great Britain. Mantle plumes and Antarctica–New Zealand rifting: evidence from mid-Cretaceous mafic dykes BRYAN C. STOREY1, PHILIP T. LEAT1, STEPHEN D. WEAVER2, ROBERT J. PANKHURST1, JOHN D. BRADSHAW2 & SIMON KELLEY3 1British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand 3Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK Abstract: Ocean floor magnetic anomalies show that New Zealand was the last continental fragment to separate from Antarctica during Gondwana break-up, drifting from Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, about 84 Ma ago. Prior to continental drift, a voluminous suite of mafic dykes (dated by Ar–Ar laser stepped heating at 1075 Ma) and anorogenic silicic rocks, including syenites and peralkaline granitoids (95–102 Ma), were emplaced in Marie Byrd Land during a rifting event. The mafic dyke suite includes both high- and low-Ti basalts. Trace element and Sr and Nd isotope compositions of the mafic dykes may be modelled by mixing between tholeiitic OIB (asthenosphere-derived) and alkaline high- to low-Ti alkaline magmas (lithospheric mantle derived). Pb isotopes indicate that the OIB component had a HIMU composition. We suggest that the rift-related magmatism was generated in the vicinity of a mantle plume. The plume helped to control the position of continental separation within the very wide region of continental extension that developed when the Pacific–Phoenix spreading ridge approached the subduction zone. -
The Fauna of the Ross Sea
ISSN 2538-1016; 32 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BULLETIN 176 The Fauna of the Ross Sea PART 5 General Accounts, Station Lists, and Benthic Ecology by JOHN S. BULLIVANT and JOHN H. DEARBORN New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 32 1967 THE FAUNA OF THE ROSS SEA PART 5 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Photograph: E. J. Thornley HMNZS Endeavour leaving Wellington for the Ice Edge This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BULLETIN 176 The Fauna of the Ross Sea PART 5 General Accounts, Station Lists, and Benthic Ecology :'\'ew Zealand Oceanographic Institute Ross Sea Investigations, 1958-60: General Account and Station List by JOHN S. BULLIVANT Stanford University Invertebrate Studies in the Ross Sea, 1958-61: General Account and Station List by JOHN H. DEARBORN Ecology of the Ross Sea Benthos by JOHN S. BULLIVANT New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 32 1967 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This publication should be referred to as: N.Z. Dep. sci. industr. Res. Bull. 176 Edited by P. Burton, Information Service, D.S.I.R.