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The Fauna of the Ross Sea ISSN 2538-1016; 32 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BULLETIN 176 The Fauna of the Ross Sea PART 5 General Accounts, Station Lists, and Benthic Ecology by JOHN S. BULLIVANT and JOHN H. DEARBORN New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 32 1967 THE FAUNA OF THE ROSS SEA PART 5 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Photograph: E. J. Thornley HMNZS Endeavour leaving Wellington for the Ice Edge This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BULLETIN 176 The Fauna of the Ross Sea PART 5 General Accounts, Station Lists, and Benthic Ecology :'\'ew Zealand Oceanographic Institute Ross Sea Investigations, 1958-60: General Account and Station List by JOHN S. BULLIVANT Stanford University Invertebrate Studies in the Ross Sea, 1958-61: General Account and Station List by JOHN H. DEARBORN Ecology of the Ross Sea Benthos by JOHN S. BULLIVANT New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 32 1967 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This publication should be referred to as: N.Z. Dep. sci. industr. Res. Bull. 176 Edited by P. Burton, Information Service, D.S.I.R. Received for publication 18 January 1965 © 1967 CROWN COPYRIGHT R. E. OWEN, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND-1967 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ FOREWORD Each summer season since 1956-57 the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute has undertaken one or more research cruises in the Antarctic, initially as part of the International Geophysical Year programmes and their extensions, and latterly as part of the New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme. The major efforts of the 1958-59 and 1959-60 seasons were devoted to an oceano­ graphic survey of the Ross Sea in which, as well as associated hydrological informa­ tion, sediment samples, plankton, and fish, substantial collections of benthic animals were obtained. Each of these expeditions was led by J. S. Bullivant. The cooperation of the New Zealand Naval Board and of the Commanding Officer and ship's company of HMNZS Endeavour is gratefully acknowledged. The Antarctic Division has materially assisted the field and laboratory work by the secondment of staffand provision of equipment. In 1957-58 biologists of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition made collections of benthic material from stations in McMurdo Sound and in the southern Ross Sea. Their collections have contributed significantly to the systematic studies of Ross Sea benthos now being undertaken. From 1958 to 1961 Stanford Unive1 sity carried out a programme of marine bio­ logical research in the Antarctic under the leadership of Professor Donald E. Wohlschlag, the field work being led by J. H. Dearborn. While the Oceanographic Institute collections were mainly of deeper water faunas, the Stanford benthic in­ vertebrate collections were made principally in the vicinity of McMurdo Sound. The available collections are thus in many ways complementary to one another. The preliminary editing of the manuscripts has been done by Mrs P. M. Cullen and Dr D. E. Hurley. J. W. BRODIE, Director, N.Z. Oceanographic Institute. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS N.Z. OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE Ross SEA INVESTIGATIONS, 1958-60: GENERAL ACCOUNT AND STATION LIST By John S. Bullivant Page Abstract 9 Introduction 9 Previous Oceanographic Work 11 Underway Observations 13 Ross Sea Oceanographic Survey 1958-59 13 Ross Sea Oceanographic Survey 1959-60 14 Equipment and Sampling Technique 16 Ship 16 Equipment 17 References . 18 Appendices 1. Systematists Currently Reporting on Ross Sea Material 19 2. Papers Published from the Observations and Collections of the N.Z. 0.1. Expeditions to the Ross Sea 19 Station List of New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Collections, 1959-61 20 Station List of T.A.E. Collections, 1956-58 26 Plankton Stations T.A.E. Collections, 1957-58 . 29 STANFORD UNIVERSITY INVERTEBRATE STUDIES IN THE Ross SEA 1958-61: GENERAL ACCOUNT AND STATION LIST By John H. Dearborn Page Abstract 31 Introduction 31 Objectives 31 Area Studied 32 Methods 32 Collecting Techniques 32 Laboratory Work 3435 Station Details Results .. 44 Scope of Faunal Survey .. 44 Hydrological Data 44 Effects of Jee on Marine Ecology .. .. 44 General Survey of Material Collected in McMurdo Sound .. 45 Collections 46 Reports .. 46 Acknowledgments .. 46 References . 46 Appendix 3 .. 47 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ECOLOGY OF THE Ross SEA BENTHOS By John S. Bullivant Page Abstract 49 Introduction 49 Fauna! Groupings Referred to Substrate 50 Coarse and Fine Sediment Areas 50 Stations on Barnacle-plate Bottom .. 50 Shelf-edge Stations 53 Pennell Bank and Slope Areas 55 McMurdo Sound Stations 60 The Ross Sea Fauna! Assemblages 62 Deep Shelf Mixed Assemblage 62 Deep Shelf Mud Bottom Assemblage 62 Pennell Bank Assemblage .. 62 Minor Assemblages 62 Miscellaneous Groupings .. 67 Relation of Previous Dredgings to the Present Classification 68 Features of the Ross Sea Benthos .. 70 Summary-Ross Sea Benthic Assemblages 71 Discussion .. 72 The Benthos in Other Regions of the Antarctic 72 Comparison with the Arctic Benthos 72 Relation to Depth Zones 73 Conclusions 73 Acknowledgments 74 References 74 Index 76 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Ross Sea Investigations, 1958-60: General Account and Station List* by JOHNS. BULLIVANT New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Wellington Abstract A general �ccount and station list of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute surveys in the Ross Sea durmg the summers of 1958-59 and 1959-60 are given. Details of Trans-Antarctic Ex­ pedition marine collections and of later collections by the Institute are also presented. INTRODUCTION HMNZS The International Geophysical Year and Trans­ Zealand supply ship Endeavour in the Antarctic Expedition operations opened the way vicinity of McMurdo Sound (9-12 February 1958) for oceanographic studies in the Southern Ocean taking also phytoplankton samples and making and Ross Sea by New Zealand scientists. hydrological measurements. Dr R. W. Balham, biologist and meteorologist The New Zealand Oceanographic Institute with the Ross Sea party of the Commonwealth mounted extensive surveys in McMurdo Sound Trans-Antarctic Expedition, wintered over at Scott and the Ross Sea from Endeavour during the Base during 1957, studying birds and seals, and following summers, 1958-59 and 1959-60 (fig. 1), making collections of fish and marine invertebrates and the present report, completed in 1964, deals through the ice in McMurdo Sound. Dr R. E. primarily with these. Barwick, then of the Zoology Department, Victoria University of Wellington, spent three Programme successive summers between 1956 and 1959 in For the summer of 1958-59 the Institute planned McMurdo Sound with T.A.E. and New Zealand and occupied a series of stations in parallel lines field parties. During the 1956-57 and 1957-58 from the coast (or ice barrier) north-eastward seasons he collected marine biological material across the outer edge of the deep shelf bounding the with grab and trawl in McMurdo Sound. In the Ross Sea. Observations at each station were to second summer he made fourtrawls from the New include a grab haul, a trawl, a reversing water bottle cast, a vertical plankton haul, and a phyto­ plankton sample. *THE FAUNA OF THE Ross SEA. Part 5. 1967. General The 1958-59 summer party comprised J. S. Acc<?unts, Station Lists, and Benthic Ecology. By John S. Bullivant, zoologist and leader; D. G. McKnight, - Bullivant and John H. Dearborn. N.Z. Dep. sci. industr. Res. Bull. 176 assistant zoologist; A. G. Macfarlane, assistant 9 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ISO• NEW ZEALAND "'.CHATHAM IS ·BOUNTY IS 160 THE SNARES .-ANTIPODES IS 160° <'UCKlA\ 15 , CAMPBELL I t-1ACOUARIE I FIG. 1. Locality Map. 10 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ hydrologist (all of N.Z.O.I.); Dr R. K. Dell, benthos at three positions along the Victoria zoologist (Dominion Museum, Wellington); J. Land coast. Reseck, Jun., zoologist (Long Beach State Col­ Following the 1958-59 survey a number of lege, California); N. A. Powell, student assistant systematists were personally invited to report on the (Antarctic Division, D.S.I.R.). benthic material collected. (For reports and pro­ In the second summer, coordinated oceano­ gress see Appendix 1.) graphic and seismic refraction work was carried D.S.I.R. The results of their work appears in the Series out with Geophysics Division, Oceano­ under the general title "Fauna of the Ross Sea", graphic observations were concentrated on Pennell and deals with material taken during the five Bank and in McMurdo Sound, where previous summers of collecting by New Zealand scientists investigations had shown the benthos to be rich in the Ross Sea; also with material collected by and varied.
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