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American Jewish Yearbook
JEWISH STATISTICS 277 JEWISH STATISTICS The statistics of Jews in the world rest largely upon estimates. In Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, and a few other countries, official figures are obtainable. In the main, however, the num- bers given are based upon estimates repeated and added to by one statistical authority after another. For the statistics given below various authorities have been consulted, among them the " Statesman's Year Book" for 1910, the English " Jewish Year Book " for 5670-71, " The Jewish Ency- clopedia," Jildische Statistik, and the Alliance Israelite Uni- verselle reports. THE UNITED STATES ESTIMATES As the census of the United States has, in accordance with the spirit of American institutions, taken no heed of the religious convictions of American citizens, whether native-born or natural- ized, all statements concerning the number of Jews living in this country are based upon estimates. The Jewish population was estimated— In 1818 by Mordecai M. Noah at 3,000 In 1824 by Solomon Etting at 6,000 In 1826 by Isaac C. Harby at 6,000 In 1840 by the American Almanac at 15,000 In 1848 by M. A. Berk at 50,000 In 1880 by Wm. B. Hackenburg at 230,257 In 1888 by Isaac Markens at 400,000 In 1897 by David Sulzberger at 937,800 In 1905 by "The Jewish Encyclopedia" at 1,508,435 In 1907 by " The American Jewish Year Book " at 1,777,185 In 1910 by " The American Je\rish Year Book" at 2,044,762 DISTRIBUTION The following table by States presents two sets of estimates. -
Orthodoxy in American Jewish Life1
ORTHODOXY IN AMERICAN JEWISH LIFE1 by CHARLES S. LIEBMAN INTRODUCTION • DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ORTHODOXY • EARLY ORTHODOX COMMUNITY • UNCOMMITTED ORTHODOX • COM- MITTED ORTHODOX • MODERN ORTHODOX • SECTARIANS • LEAD- ERSHIP • DIRECTIONS AND TENDENCIES • APPENDLX: YESHIVOT PROVIDING INTENSIVE TALMUDIC STUDY A HIS ESSAY is an effort to describe the communal aspects and institutional forms of Orthodox Judaism in the United States. For the most part, it ignores the doctrines, faith, and practices of Orthodox Jews, and barely touches upon synagogue hie, which is the most meaningful expression of American Orthodoxy. It is hoped that the reader will find here some appreciation of the vitality of American Orthodoxy. Earlier predictions of the demise of 11 am indebted to many people who assisted me in making this essay possible. More than 40, active in a variety of Orthodox organizations, gave freely of their time for extended discussions and interviews and many lay leaders and rabbis throughout the United States responded to a mail questionnaire. A number of people read a draft of this paper. I would be remiss if I did not mention a few by name, at the same time exonerating them of any responsibility for errors of fact or for my own judgments and interpretations. The section on modern Orthodoxy was read by Rabbi Emanuel Rackman. The sections beginning with the sectarian Orthodox to the conclusion of the paper were read by Rabbi Nathan Bulman. Criticism and comments on the entire paper were forthcoming from Rabbi Aaron Lichtenstein, Dr. Marshall Ski are, and Victor Geller, without whose assistance the section on the number of Orthodox Jews could not have been written. -
The American Rabbinic Career of Rabbi Gavriel Zev Margolis By
The American Rabbinic Career of Rabbi Gavriel Zev Margolis i: by Joshua Hoffman In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Modern Jewish History Sponsored by Dr. Jeffrey Gurock Bernard Revel Graduate School Yeshiva University July, 1992 [ rI'. I Table of Contents Introduction. .. .. • .. • . • .. • . .. .• 1 - 2 Chapter One: Rabbi Margolis' Background in Russia, 1847-1907•••••••.••.•••••••••••••.•••.•••.•••..•.• 3 - 18 Chapter Two: Rabbi Margolis' Years in Boston, 1907-1911........................................ 19 - 31 Chapter Three: Rabbi Margolis' Years in New York, 1911-1935••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••..••. 32 - 119 A. Challenging the Kehillah.. ... ..... ....... 32 - 48 B. Confronting the Shochtim and the Agudat Harabbonim.• .. •.. •.. •..•....••... ... .. 49 - 88 c. The Knesset Harabbonim... .... .... .... ... •. 89 - 121 Conclusions. ..................................... 122 - 125 Appendix . ........................................ 126 - 132 Notes....... .. .... .... ....... ... ... .... ..... .... 133 - 155 Bibliography .....•... •.•.... ..... .•.. .... ...... 156 - 159 l Introduction Rabbi Gavriel zev Margolis (1847-1935) is one of the more neglected figures in the study of American Orthodoxy in the early 1900' s. Although his name appears occasionally in studies of the period, he is generally mentioned only briefly, and assigned a minor role in events of the time. A proper understanding of this period, however, requires an extensive study of his American career, because his opposition -
Milwaukee's Jews and the Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle Steve Byers, UW-Milwaukee
Chronicling a Community: Milwaukee's Jews and the Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle Steve Byers, UW-Milwaukee The year was 1921. Milwaukee and the United States were coming out of what would be called World War I into a decade of relative prosperity. But it was also a time of distress for some newer Americans because the World War had fostered a rise in nativism that had some of this nation's ethnic communities on edge.1 To Milwaukee's Jewish community, it was the end of a period that had found that group almost tripling in size from an estimated 7,000 in 1907 to around 22,000 in 1922, with most of the growth coming from immigration, largely from Eastern Europe, according to historians Louis J. Swichkow and Lloyd P. Gartner. Despite the heavy immigration, a sizable number of Milwaukee Jews at that time were able to speak English.2 That sizable Jewish population speaking English becomes important because two men came into this community to establish Milwaukee's first English-language Jewish newspaper.3 The two, Nathan J. Gould and Irving G. Rhodes, had published Jewish newspapers in other Midwestern cities and dreamed of a chain of Jewish newspapers throughout the Midwest. On December 16, 1921, the pair started the Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle, a weekly publication that continues today. They produced a newspaper that was considered distinguished and solid. It also became successful enough that they abandoned plans for other publications and centered their attention on Milwaukee and the Chronicle.4 Despite the importance of ethnic newspaper editors and publishers,5 there has been surprisingly little written about the Chronicle or Gould and Rhodes. -
THE YIDDISH PRESS—AN AMERICANIZING AGENCY It Is
THE YIDDISH PRESS—AN AMERICANIZING AGENCY By MORDECAI SOLTES, PH.D. Director, Extension Education, Bureau of Jewish Education, New York INTRODUCTION It is generally agreed that there is a great need to-day for civic instruction which will function more effectively. Our life and needs are becoming more complex; our stand- ards of civic behavior are being constantly revised upwards, and the civic responsibilities which our citizens must dis- charge are becoming increasingly difficult. Education for citizenship should occupy a central position in the public school curriculum. The civic pos- sibilities of all the school subjects should be utilized to a maximum, and the specific ideals of citizenship should become the possession of the pupils as a result of their entire school training and activity. In addition there should be provided, wherever neces- sary, aside from the general courses, supplementary in- struction to meet specific needs of pupils, which shall have been ascertained beforehand. This suggestion applies with particular force to schools which are located in neighborhoods of comparatively large immigrant populations. Wherever fairly homogeneous groups of children could be located, 166 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK it would prove best to make a diagnosis of the civic virtues ;ind deficiencies of the corresponding adult group, to es- tablish their prevailing civic characteristics, both favorable and unfavorable, and to develop, on the basis of the out- standing needs revealed, special supplementary courses that would tend to prevent or correct the expected short- comings, to improve the desirable traits and approved qualities which are insufficiently or wrongly developed, and to capitalize fully the civic potentialities of the younger generation. -
JO1989-V22-N09.Pdf
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“Centrist” Orthodoxy and Religious Zionism
chapter 7 Two Orthodox Cultures: “Centrist” Orthodoxy and Religious Zionism Shlomo Fischer Introduction In this paper I will compare two contemporary Jewish Orthodox cultures, American “Centrist” Orthodoxy and Israeli Religious Zionism. I argue that despite common Orthodox religious orientations and a shared right-wing polit- ical orientation, these two communities have significantly different underlying religious cultures. Israeli Religious Zionism is a Romantic nationalist culture with a strong expressivist dimension; that is, a strong emphasis on self-expres- sion and notions such as authenticity. American Centrist Orthodoxy continues the traditional Jewish pattern of emphasis upon religious heteronomy; that is, the Torah and God’s commandments are imposed externally on the Jew. As a result of these cultural differences, the two communities differ in terms of cul- tural phenomena such as the place of art and literature and, to a certain extent, in regard to the type of interpretation of Biblical and Talmudic sources that is current, favored, and valued. Underlying these differences are fundamen- tal differences concerning how the self and its relation to religious practice, authority, and tradition are conceived in the two communities. I would like to conduct this comparison mainly through two Orthodox publications: Makor Rishon in Israel, and The Jewish Press in New York. Both are leading newspapers for their respective communities. The Jewish Press was founded in the 1960s and targets the Centrist Orthodox community (Beckerman, 2010). The Haredi community in America is served by English versions of two Haredi newspapers that appear in Israel, Yated Neeman and Hamodia. The Jewish Press is published in New York, but sells the newspaper nationally and has a weekly circulation of 50,000. -
Israel's Chief Rabbis
Israel’s Chief Rabbis: Rabbi Avraham Elkanah Kahana Shapira R’ Mordechai Torczyner – [email protected] 1. Rabbi Avraham Shapira, 1914-2007; Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi 1984-1993 2. Rabbi Yitzchak Steinberg, Eulogy at https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/775436/, 20-22 min. Rav Shapira was the oz haTorah. His might, and the strength he had, through the Torah he learned… In Rav Shapira we felt his strength in Torah was so powerful, so strong, that he wasn’t afraid of anything. His psak halachah was clear he wasn’t afraid of people around him, of those who were usually more appreciative of – לא תגורו מפני איש .and cut him, of his circles and so on, and he wasn’t afraid of anyone from the outer circles, from those, from politicians and those who control the country. Yet he wasn’t afraid of them at all… Biography 3. http://www.mercazharav.org.il/?pg=17 In one of his first days in Yeshivat Chevron, during a lecture by the great Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Epstein zt”l to the entire student body, he asked a great question against the entire flow of the lecture. Rabbi Epstein halted the lecture for a few seconds, thought about it, and then continued the lecture as if nothing had been asked. At the start of the next general lecture, Rabbi Epstein asked, “Where is the little one (our master was both young and short in those days) who asked the question in the previous lecture?” After he found him, he continued with a lecture which revolved around the question he had asked in the previous lecture. -
Our Boys in Chevron
Our Boys in Chevron Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel – The Alter of Sloabodka Rabbi Moshe Rabbi Ephraim Epstein Mordechai Epstein Rabbi Ephraim Epstein | Aharon Dovid Epstein Bnei Yeshiva of Chevron. R-L Aharon Dovid Sheinberg, Yaakov Wexler, Elchanan Roch, unidentified, Shlomo Yagel Ksiva V’Chasima Tova. To my dear friend, the crown of the generation, the gaon and tzadik Rav Chaim Zonnenfeld, Shlita, Gaon Av Beis Din of Yerushalayim, Ksiva V’Chasima Tova. To my dear friend, the crown of the generation, the gaon and tzadik Rav Chaim Zonnenfeld, Shlita, Gaon Av Beis Din of Yerushalayim, I am gratified that the Rov is willing to help out our Yeshiva, and in light of the atrocious pogrom against our Yeshiva in Chevron, I am taking the strength to ask you to do something that will bring tremendous help to our Yeshiva. Jewish home plundered by Arab rioters in Hebron. Blood-stained floor covered with wreckage. The destruction of the Avraham Avinu Synagogue in Hebron in 1929. Ksiva V’Chasima Tova. To my dear friend, the crown of the generation, the gaon and tzadik Rav Chaim Zonnenfeld, Shlita, Gaon Av Beis Din of Yerushalayim, I am gratified that the Rov is willing to help out our Yeshiva, and in light of the atrocious pogrom against our Yeshiva in Chevron, I am taking the strength to ask you to do something that will bring tremendous help to our Yeshiva. The renowned philanthropist, a G-d fearing person, Mr. Yerachmiel Wexler, has sent his son to learn in our Yeshiva. הנדיב היקר ירחמיאל וועקסלער Ksiva V’Chasima Tova. -
1 American Victims of the 1929 Hebron Massacre Dr. Yitzchok
American Victims Of The 1929 Hebron Massacre Dr. Yitzchok Levine Department of Mathematical Sciences Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, NJ 07030 [email protected] Introduction On August 27, 1929 The New York Times ran a front page article under the banner 8 AMERICANS LISTED IN 70 HEBRON DEAD Attack on Rabbinical College was Savage – 18 Killed in Banker’s House WOMEN AND CHILDREN SLAIN The headline was, of course, referring to the infamous and unprovoked Hebron Massacre that Arabs perpetrated on innocent Jews on August 24. Many of those killed on this Shabbos were students studying in the branch of the Slabodka Yeshiva then located in Hebron. In 1924 the Lithuanian government tried to draft into the army the majority of students studying in the Slabodka Yeshiva. This, of course, threatened the very existence of the Yeshiva. Since Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Epstein, the Rosh Yeshiva, was in America at that time, Rabbi Yechezkel Sarna tried to have the decree averted, but to no avail. After consulting Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel, known as the Alter of Slabodka, it was decided to transfer the yeshiva to Eretz Yisroel. The Alter sent a telegram to Rabbi Epstein asking if he approved of the plan. Rabbi Epstein wired back his consent promising to make every effort to raise the funds necessary for the yeshiva's relocation. That same year the Alter sent Rabbi Sarna to Eretz Yisroel to choose a site for the yeshiva and to coordinate its establishment there. He was also charged with securing visas for the students. After evaluating various options, Rabbi Sarna chose the city of Hebron as the yeshiva's new home. -
Partners in Torah Honors Rabbi Yoel Schonfeld As Part of Winter Retreat
WEEKLY Candle-lighting/Shabbos ends Friday, January 9: 4:21/5:25 Vol. III No. 45 (#94) January 8, 2015 • 17 Tevet 5775 Free Yom Hakaddish Haklali Partners In Torah Honors Eldercare II: Observed At YIKGH Rabbi Yoel Schonfeld An Evening To Remember As Part Of Winter Retreat In Stamford Guest speaker Rabbi Daniel Glatstein SEE STORY ON P. 28, 30 SEE STORY ON P. 29 SEE STORY ON P. 32 Public Affairs Shabbos Inbox Queens As I See It Hooked On Healing Shuls Praying Jewish Link Politics Happy. Happy. Big And Small for Blue Lives To Celebrate Makes Strange Happy. Anniversary By Sergey Kadinsky By Eytan Kobre Bedfellows – By Caroline Schumsky Milestone Especially In Israel A real patriot is the fellow he recent opinion piece igh. If only…then…I’d fi - who gets a parking ticket and At Gala Affair by Brooklyn resident Bar- By Cynthia Zalisky nally be happy. The un- rejoices that the system works. ry Katz, “The Case for Big Next Week ending gimmicks we en- T -- Bill Vaughan S Shuls,” published in the Jan. 2, ith the new Israeli dure to try to achieve what we 2015, edition of The Jewish Press, aving recently com- elections called think we want. merits a deeper look, which pleted tours of duty Wfor Tuesday, March Ah, yes. Allow me to show should include perhaps the two Hin Afghanistan and 17, there is a lot of posturing, you how to be an instant cash CONTINUED ON P. 23 CONTINUED ON P. 11 SEE ARTICLE ON P. 55 CONTINUED ON P. -
Fine Judaica
t K ESTENBAUM FINE JUDAICA . & C PRINTED BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS, GRAPHIC & CEREMONIAL ART OMPANY F INE J UDAICA : P RINTED B OOKS , M ANUSCRIPTS , G RAPHIC & C & EREMONIAL A RT • T HURSDAY , N OVEMBER 12 TH , 2020 K ESTENBAUM & C OMPANY THURSDAY, NOV EMBER 12TH 2020 K ESTENBAUM & C OMPANY . Auctioneers of Rare Books, Manuscripts and Fine Art Lot 115 Catalogue of FINE JUDAICA . Printed Books, Manuscripts, Graphic & Ceremonial Art Featuring Distinguished Chassidic & Rabbinic Autograph Letters ❧ Significant Americana from the Collection of a Gentleman, including Colonial-era Manuscripts ❧ To be Offered for Sale by Auction, Thursday, 12th November, 2020 at 1:00 pm precisely This auction will be conducted only via online bidding through Bidspirit or Live Auctioneers, and by pre-arranged telephone or absentee bids. See our website to register (mandatory). Exhibition is by Appointment ONLY. This Sale may be referred to as: “Shinov” Sale Number Ninety-One . KESTENBAUM & COMPANY The Brooklyn Navy Yard Building 77, Suite 1108 141 Flushing Avenue Brooklyn, NY 11205 Tel: 212 366-1197 • Fax: 212 366-1368 www.Kestenbaum.net K ESTENBAUM & C OMPANY . Chairman: Daniel E. Kestenbaum Operations Manager: Zushye L.J. Kestenbaum Client Relations: Sandra E. Rapoport, Esq. Judaica & Hebraica: Rabbi Eliezer Katzman Shimon Steinmetz (consultant) Fine Musical Instruments (Specialist): David Bonsey Israel Office: Massye H. Kestenbaum ❧ Order of Sale Manuscripts: Lot 1-17 Autograph Letters: Lot 18 - 112 American-Judaica: Lot 113 - 143 Printed Books: Lot 144 - 194 Graphic Art: Lot 195-210 Ceremonial Objects: Lot 211 - End of Sale Front Cover Illustration: See Lot 96 Back Cover Illustration: See Lot 4 List of prices realized will be posted on our website following the sale www.kestenbaum.net — M ANUSCRIPTS — 1 (BIBLE).