Issue 62, 3d Quarter 2011 MILITARY PROFESSIONALISM USEUCOM STRATEGIST AS HERO USEUCOM COMPLEX RELIEF OPS USNORTHCOM North Atlantic Ocean N o rth Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean USCENTCOM Persian Gulf Gulf of Oman Arabian Sea Red NEW DEFENSE-STATE AOR MAP Sea JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY USPACOM Gulf of Aden Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean USPACOM South Atlantic Ocean USAFRICOM South Pacific Ocean USSOUTHCOM Inside Issue 62, 3d Quarter 2011 Editor Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. JFQ Dialogue Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Supervisory Editor George C. Maerz From the Chairman 2 Production Supervisor Martin J. Peters, Jr. Senior Copy Editor Calvin B. Kelley Forum Book Review Editor Lisa M. Yambrick Executive Summary Visual Design Editor Tara J. Parekh 6 Copy Editor/Office Manager John J. Church, D.M.A Chairman’s Conference on Military Professionalism: An Overview 8 Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich By Albert C. Pierce Design John Mitrione, Jeremy Swanston, U.S. Government Printing Office 10 Identity in the Profession of Arms By Ann E. Rondeau Who Is a Member of the Military Profession? By Matthew Moten Printed in St. Louis, Missouri 14 by 18 The Enlisted Force and Profession of Arms By Bryan B. Battaglia 20 Keeping Integrity By Leon A. Edney NDU Press is the National Defense University’s Professional Disagreement and Policy By Paul D. Eaton cross-component, professional military and 22 academic publishing house. It publishes books, A New Way of Understanding (Military) Professionalism journals, policy briefs, occasional papers, 25 monographs, and special reports on national By Thomas P. Galvin security strategy, defense policy, interagency cooperation, national military strategy, regional 32 Know Yourself Before the Enemy: Military Professionalism’s Civil security affairs, and global strategic problems. Foundation By Ian Bryan This is the official U.S. Department of Defense Special Feature edition of JFQ. Any copyrighted portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted without The Strategist as Hero By Colin S. Gray permission of the copyright proprietors. Joint 37 Force Quarterly should be acknowledged whenever A Diplomat’s Philosophy By Marc Grossman material is quoted from or based on its content. 46 52 Planning Is Everything By Mark A. Bucknam COMMUNICATIONS On Military Theory By Milan Vego Please visit NDU Press and Joint Force 59 Quarterly online at ndupress.ndu.edu for more Establishing a Framework for Intelligence Education and Training on upcoming issues, an electronic archive of 68 JFQ articles, and access to many other useful By Rebecca L. Frerichs and Stephen R. Di Rienzo NDU Press publications. Constructive com- ments and contributions are important to us. Commentary Please direct editorial communications to the link on the NDU Press Web site or write to: 74 Building the Security Force That Won’t Leave By William B. Caldwell IV Editor, Joint Force Quarterly and Nathan K. Finney National Defense University Press 260 Fifth Avenue, S.W. (Building 64, Room 2504) A Road Map for Beating Latin America’s Transnational Criminal Fort Lesley J. McNair 81 Washington, DC 20319 Organizations By Martin Edwin Andersen Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 89 America’s Endangered Arsenal of Democracy By M. Thomas Davis FAX: (202) 685-4219/DSN 325 and Nathaniel C. Fick Email: [email protected] JFQ online: ndupress.ndu.edu 3d Quarter, July 2011 ISSN 1070-0692 From the Chairman I recently spoke at the graduation for the West Point Class of 2011, and while my remarks were mostly directed to the next generation of Army leadership, there is a broader message for all of us. What follows is the crux of those remarks: ver the last 4 years, one of the to formation,” “hair out of regs,” and my greatest privileges of this posi- personal favorite, “throwing snowballs,” for tion has been getting to know which he logged three demerits. O the men and women of the I have to admit, I beat Custer in this United States Army. Days like today remind department, having racked up 115 demerits us why our Army has played such a singular in a single day during my last year. What hap- and essential role in our nation’s history. In pened back then remains highly classified, many ways, the story of the United States but let’s just say that my offense was a little Army is the story of America—from our bit more serious than throwing snowballs. founding through the Civil War, a tumultuous So, yes, I have “walked the Area” a few times. 20th century, and right up until today. There were times when I owned the Area. I I was thinking about a figure so promi- could have built condos. who helped make it happen. So you ought nent in that story, someone with whom I Custer graduated last in his class, known to remember those who got you here: your can in many ways relate: George Armstrong as “the goat,” which I note is the same name moms, dads, brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles, Custer. His story as a Cadet isn’t too far from as Navy’s mascot. I also finished near the grandparents, and other family members. my own as a Midshipman, and, no, Custer and bottom. I just hope our stories end differently. Families, thank you for raising these I did not know each other personally. I went to If my record in school said anything, it fine women and men in small towns and large school in the ’60s, but not the 1860s. was, “Mullen, you are really going to have to cities all over this country, indeed, all over the Just as my performance at that “other” work hard in the Navy”—and I did, and the world. You instilled in your kids a desire to Academy was, shall we say, less than ideal, opportunities this life of service has provided serve, a willingness to sacrifice and to suffer— Custer’s record at West Point left something far exceeded anything I ever expected. I’ve quite and I’m not just talking about mechanical to be desired as well. A review of conduct simply had the chance to work with some of the engineering class. records at the time—and they do keep track best people in the world, gaining friends and Four years ago, you drove them through of those things—suggests he had marginal mentors who have supported and enriched me. the Stony Lonesome Gate, and you handed study habits and a proclivity for petty Indeed, none of us get to where we them over. You said, “Here, take my child in offenses, scoring demerits for “being late are on our own. There’s always someone this time of war, teach them how to lead and 2 JFQ / issue 62, 3 d quarter 2011 ndupress.ndu.edu U.S. Navy (Chad J. McNeeley) Chairman delivers commencement address at United States Military Academy, May 2011 how to fight, teach them how to be good public or 12 years old, getting your braces off and It’s an Army tempered by 10 years of stewards and good leaders to good Soldiers.” getting yelled at for leaving dirty socks on the combat, an expeditionary force that has liter- It was a brave thing you did, and difficult. bathroom floor. ally rewritten just about every rule and every But it was probably more difficult driving away. We have been at war nearly half your scrap of doctrine it follows to adapt to the As the parents of two Naval Academy gradu- young lives. Yet all of you made a choice freely reality it now faces. ates, my wife, Deborah, and I know that feeling to serve your country, to come here to West It’s an Army not much bigger than it was all too well—the pride, the fear, the incredible Point. Your choice, your commitment, speaks on September 11 that is now organized around elation of returning home and knowing you well not only of your character, but also of Brigade Combat Teams instead of divisions, won’t have to pick up dirty socks off the bath- your courage. For that, I deeply respect and that deploys more modular and more flexible room floor anymore or scrape pizza cheese thank each of you. capabilities than ever before, that can kill the off the inside of the microwave or jump in the Today, you become a commissioned enemy swiftly and silently one day and then family car only to find the gas on “E.” officer in the ranks of the most respected help build a school or dig a well the next. Today, of course, is really all about military on Earth, the vast majority of you It’s an Army that understands the the Class of 2011. When this country was heading into the Army, the very center of power of ballots as well as bullets and culture attacked on 9/11, most of you were just 11 gravity of our force. as well as conflict, an Army that has surged ndupress.ndu.edu issue 62, 3 d quarter 2011 / JFQ 3 Afghanistan, the support we are providing over the skies of Libya, and the security we ensure around the globe. You’re going to be a member of that team. You’re going to be expected to support and to have courage and to lead that team almost from day one, and that is a tall order, hard enough all by itself. But today I’m going to give you another assignment. I’m going to ask you to take on yet another duty, an obligation far more complex and yet just as important as small- unit leadership.