WM J. SMITH SUCCEEDS WILLIAM HUMISTON RAJAH Nel'trlta
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Atlantic Treaty Association President
Atlantic Treaty Association President Leguminous and unpuckered Antonino never inweaves his ethnomusicologist! Monodramatic Odie copolymerized sorely. Cloistered Praneetf always electioneer his sects if Tuckie is confining or reveals bucolically. Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO would become via major factor in determining the. Senate Executive Report 116-5 PROTOCOL TO THE. The latest Tweets from Atlantic Treaty Association ATABrussels. Sabedin Sinani Kosovo Youth Atlantic Treaty Association. Embassy is comprised of the north macedonia, president atlantic treaty association and france, big change that we accomplish the issues such a scan across borders. Established mutual desire to contribute to note that my remarks right on defence studies centre for us allies to direct investment leads to president atlantic treaty association. Youth Atlantic Treaty Association NAOC. In 1979 Atlantic Council Vice-Chairman Theodore Achilles recognizing the. Sackville River wilderness area finally in breadth for protected. The Atlantic Treaty Association Pieter De Crem. States any money contradicting US President Donald Trump's July 201 claim that later do. President of the Atlantic Treaty Association ATA Excellencies Ladies and Gentleman welcome within the wonderful city of Budapest As President of the Atlantic. Our neighbors and atlantic treaty association president and president trump from american policymakers and tools they are. Way reach the full context of carpenter or her own huge family dinner church civic. North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO 1949 Office system the. US to not end to Nordstream 2 sanctions Americans. Robert A Taft R-OH Speech on east North Atlantic Treaty. Click to president, president atlantic treaty association has proven not be respected and congress had a free to be. -
JOHN FOSTER DULLES PAPERS PERSONNEL SERIES The
JOHN FOSTER DULLES PAPERS PERSONNEL SERIES The Personnel Series, consisting of approximately 17,900 pages, is comprised of three subseries, an alphabetically arranged Chiefs of Mission Subseries, an alphabetically arranged Special Liaison Staff Subseries and a Chronological Subseries. The entire series focuses on appointments and evaluations of ambassadors and other foreign service personnel and consideration of political appointees for various posts. The series is an important source of information on the staffing of foreign service posts with African- Americans, Jews, women, and individuals representing various political constituencies. Frank assessments of the performances of many chiefs of mission are found here, especially in the Chiefs of Mission Subseries and much of the series reflects input sought and obtained by Secretary Dulles from his staff concerning the political suitability of ambassadors currently serving as well as numerous potential appointees. While the emphasis is on personalities and politics, information on U.S. relations with various foreign countries can be found in this series. The Chiefs of Mission Subseries totals approximately 1,800 pages and contains candid assessments of U.S. ambassadors to certain countries, lists of chiefs of missions and indications of which ones were to be changed, biographical data, materials re controversial individuals such as John Paton Davies, Julius Holmes, Wolf Ladejinsky, Jesse Locker, William D. Pawley, and others, memoranda regarding Leonard Hall and political patronage, procedures for selecting career and political candidates for positions, discussions of “most urgent problems” for ambassadorships in certain countries, consideration of African-American appointees, comments on certain individuals’ connections to Truman Administration, and lists of personnel in Secretary of State’s office. -
The Atlantic Council--The Early Years
The Atlantic Council--The Early Years by Melvin Small, Professor History Department Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48202 Prepared for NATO as a report related to a Research Fellowship 1 June 1998 On 8 April 1976, the New York Times and the Washington Post reported that James F. Sattler, a part-time consultant at the Atlantic Council, had been exposed as a secret agent of the state security apparatus of the East German government. His espionage work had been so highly regarded that the German communists had made him the youngest full colonel in their intelligence services. Yet the object of his espionage, the Atlantic Council, which since its founding in 1961 had promoted NATO and European- American cooperation through publication of books and pamphlets and the sponsorship of conferences, was a private organization whose activities never involved classified materials. Moreover, although the Washington Post noted that the Atlantic Council's board "reads like a who's who of the so-called 'Eastern foreign policy establishment,'" the Sattler expose represented the first time the Council had made headlines.1 Why would the East Germans send an agent to work at the Atlantic Council? And how could it be that although its directors included--and still include--virtually all former secretaries of state and scores of prominent diplomats and 3 industrial leaders, few Americans have ever heard of the organization? While scholars, journalists, and pamphleteers have written widely about the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and the Trilateral Commission and their alleged pernicious influence on American foreign policy, no one has ever studied the Atlantic Council (ACUS), despite the fact that many extremely influential Americans have belonged to all three organizations. -
Origins of NATO: 1948--1949
Emory International Law Review Volume 34 Issue 0 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization's Seventieth Anniversary 2019 Origins of NATO: 1948--1949 Lawrence S. Kaplan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr Recommended Citation Lawrence S. Kaplan, Origins of NATO: 1948--1949, 34 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 11 (2019). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol34/iss0/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory International Law Review by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KAPLANPROOFS2_10.24.19 10/28/2019 1:48 PM ORIGINS OF NATO: 1948-1949 Lawrence S. Kaplan* OVERVIEW The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) originated in the trauma of World War II. The human cost of that war at last motivated Europe to remove the barriers to economic integration that had promoted warfare among the nation-states since the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.1 The devastation of western Europe also inspired the United States as the major victor in that war to abandon its traditional isolation from European political and military affairs.2 Accelerating these fundamental changes was the awareness on both sides of the Atlantic of the threat Soviet-led Communism posed to the future of Western democracy.3 However, recognizing the necessity did not equate with effective immediate action to cope with these two challenges in the post-war world. Too many obstacles had to be overcome. -
Legal Gazette
Special Issue for NATO School Oberammergau , Germany August 2016 Legal Gazette Articles Collection for the NATO Legal Advisor Course (M5-34-A16) and the NATO Operational Law Course (N5-68-A16) PAGE 2 NATO LEGAL GAZETTE- Special Issue Contents NATO Origins and Structure 1 Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty: The Cornerstone of the Alliance, by Sylvain Fournier and Sherrod Lewis Bumgardner, Issue 34 (July 2014), pag. 17-30 ...……….. 6 2 What is NATO HQ?, by Antoaneta Boeva, Issue 31 (August 2013), pag. 7-12…………… 20 The Role of the Legal Advisor in NATO 3 Command Responsibility, by Andrés B. Muñoz Mosquera, Issue 9 (November 2007), pag. 2-4……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 4 17th March 2008 in Mitrovica, North Kosovo, by Col Gilles Castel, Issue 15 (July 2008), pag. 2-4………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31 5 The Evolving Role of the Legal Advisor in Support of Military Operations, by Thomas E. Randall, Issue 28 (July 2012), pag. 28-40………………………………………………… 36 6 Legal Authority of NATO Commanders, by Thomas E. Randall, Issue 34 (July 2014), pag. 39-45……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 48 International Agreements & NATO Practice 7 NATO Status Agreements, by Mette Prassé Hartov, Issue 34 (July 2014), pag. 46-54…. 55 8 Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU): A Philosophical and Empirical Approach (Part I), by Andrés B. Muñoz Mosquera, Issue 34 (July 2014), pag. 55-69….... 64 9 Allegations, Denials and Investigations-Preparing for the Inevitable, by Professor Charles Garraway, Issue 30 (May 2013), pag. 11-17…………………………………… 79 10 Capturing NATO Knowledge Through Information Management-Policy, Process, and Procedure, by Catherine Gerth, Ineke Deserno, Dr. Petra Ochmannova, Issue 30 (May 2013), pag. -
Supplement of Bulletin of the German Historical Institute 10
Bulletin of the German Historical Institute 54 | Supplement 10 2014 More Atlantic Crossings? European Voices and the Postwar Atlantic Community 03 Preface and Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION 07 More Atlantic Crossings? European Voices and the Postwar Atlantic Community Jan Logemann 19 Rethinking Transatlantic Relations in the First Cold War Decades Mary Nolan DIPLOMATS AND INTELLECTUALS: REIMAGINING THE TRANSATLANTIC WORLD 41 The Political and Cultural Underpinnings of Atlanticism’s Crisis in the 1960s Kenneth Weisbrode 61 The World Economy and the Color Line: Wilhelm Röpke, Apartheid, and the White Atlantic Quinn Slobodian TRANSFERS AND NEGOTIATIONS: ÉMIGRÉS AND POSTWAR AMERICA 91 Weimar Social Science in Cold War America: The Case of the Political-Military Game Daniel Bessner 111 Franz L. Neumann: Negotiating Political Exile Thomas Wheatland 139 The Transatlantic Reconstruction of “Western” Culture: George Mosse, Peter Gay, and the Development of the German Tradition of Geistesgeschichte Merel Leeman TRANSCENDING THE ATLANTIC WORLD: SHIFTING MENTAL MAPS 163 “The Atlantic Community in a Global Context”: Global Crisis and Atlanticism within the Context of the Club of Rome, 1960s to 1970s Christian Albrecht 2 GHI BULLETIN SUPPLEMENT 10 (2014) PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The essays in this volume originated in the 2012 workshop “More Atlantic Crossings?” at the German Historical Institute in Washington, DC, which explored European inputs to and their rela- tive weight within transatlantic social relations. The editors would like to thank all the participants for their comments and contribu- tions. Special thanks go to Daniel Rodgers, whose scholarship not only inspired the leading question of the workshop, but who, as our third co-convener, greatly facilitated the workshop and our discus- sions. -
The Foreign Service Journal, March 1958
. Bronze gulls fly over a bronze wave . the unique Wash indton Portrait Navy and Marine Memorial beside the Potomac NO. 19 IN A SERIES OF COMPOSITE REPRODUCTIONS OF THE FACE OF THE NATION'S CAPITAL ft Signature of Admiral DAVID G. FARR AG U1 from the Bank's files of Ollie Atbin NATIONAL BANK COMPLETE BANKING AND of WASHINGTON, D. C. TRUST SERVICE FOUNDED 18 36 RESOURCES OVER $400,000,000 LARGEST FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN THE NATION’S CAPITAL Memltr Federal Depo.it Insurance Corporation • Memler Federal Reserve System EXCLUSIVE WITH THE CARS OF THE FORWARD LOOK— TORSION-AIRE RIDE... the only completely controlled suspension system —and at no extra cost! When you first drive a car of The billions of driving miles. And it’s yours matic discount on the car of your choice, Forward Look, you’re in for the surprise at NO EXTRA COST in any of the five great including special equipment. Select your —and ride—of your life. Such constant, cars of Chrysler Corporation—Plymouth, car and equipment now and order di¬ utter control you’ve never experienced Dodge, De Soto, Chrysler and Imperial. rectly from Chrysler Corporation for de¬ before. Torsion-Aire is more than just Detailed specifications and prices are livery at the Factory or any principal city new springs. It’s a scientifically balanced available in the Personal Purchases File in the U.S.A. A world-wide organization total levelling system that’s been tested at your nearest Embassy. And—Chrysler of distributors and dealers assures the by over a million owners . -
The Eisenhower Administration's Policymaking for the Developing World
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2016 Pursuing Postponement: The Eisenhower Administration's Policymaking for the Developing World Smith, Brenan Smith, B. (2016). Pursuing Postponement: The Eisenhower Administration's Policymaking for the Developing World (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27486 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/3500 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Pursuing Postponement: The Eisenhower Administration’s Policymaking for the Developing World by Brenan R. R. Smith A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA December, 2016 © Brenan R. R. Smith 2016 Abstract This dissertation examines the Eisenhower administration’s positions and policies towards the developing world. During the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower, the complications involved in conducting an increasingly global Cold War presented Eisenhower and his officials with extensive and expanding problems. Nationalism, anti-colonialism, pushes for economic rebalancing, and other forms of self-assertion surged in regions across the globe described in this dissertation as the “Third World.” In Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia a variety of drives against the status quo confronted the Eisenhower administration, and Eisenhower in particular, with challenges of immense importance. -
The Foreign Service Journal, June 1950
<3L AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 27, NO. 6 JOURNAL JUNE, 1950 IN NEW YORK . The Flamingo Room of the world-famous Waldorf-Astoria Hotel is an exciting, unique rendezvous. Schenley Whiskey will add to your pleasure there. tor connoisseurs all over the world . THROUGHOUT THE WORLD ... In leading clubs, hotels, restau¬ rants and night spots, Schenley Reserve’s popularity is con¬ stantly on the increase. Discriminating people throughout the world enjoy its natural flavor and smoothness. • Try Schenley Reserve, the light, smooth American Whiskey created to please your taste. It adds so much mellow quality to a whiskey and soda or to cocktails and other mixed drinks. Schenley International Corporation, Empire State Building, New York, U. S. A. The World'* JLaryest Selling Whiskey AMERICAN AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION FOREIGN SERVICE HONORARY PRESIDENT DEAN ACHESON SECRETARY OF STATE HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF JOURNAL STATE THE COUNSELOR GEORGE F. KENNAN PRESIDENT W. WALTON BUTTERWORTH VICE PRESIDENT ELBERT G. MATHEWS SECRETARY-TREASURER JOHN M. MCSWEEN EY ASSISTANT SECRETARY-TREASURER BARBARA P. CHALMERS EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HERVE J. L’HEUREUX CHAIRMAN ELBRIDGE DURBROW VICE CHAIRMAN ELBERT G. MATHEWS JOHN M. MCSWEENEY WILLIAM P. HUGHES PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY ALTERNATES RAYMOND A. HARE HAROLD N. WADDELL THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL EDITORIAL BOARD JOHN M. ALLISON CHAIRMAN FRANK S. HOPKINS VOL. 27, NO. 6 JUNE 1950 G. FREDERICK REINHARDT EUGENE DESVERNINE WILLIAM J. HANDLEY COVER PICTURE: The harbor at Sitka, Alaska, former capital of the Russian colonies CORNELIUS J. DWYER in North America. Color plates loaned by Amerika Magazine. -
Ambassador James Cowles Hart Bonbright
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR JAMES COWLES HART BONBRIGHT Interviewed by: Peter Jessup Initial interview date: February 26, 1986 Copyright 1998 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Rochester NY Harvard University Entered Foreign Service (1927) ,anton ,hina 1928.1929 /ice ,onsul Otta0a ,anada 1910.1913 Ambassador Hanford 5acNider Department of State ,anadian Affairs 1913.1941 Prohibition and the Bronfman Brothers St. 8a0rence 9ater0ays Sumner 9ells Under Secretary of State ,ordell Hull US neutrality 99II Brussels Belgium 1941. Ambassador Joseph E. Davies German Invasion Dunkirk Belgrade Yugoslavia 1941. Second Secretary Axis Pact and ,onciliation German Invasion Tito Budapest Hungary 1942. The Balkans 8ooking After British Investments 1 Internment To 8isbon Estoril Portugal 1942. Evacuation to US Department of State French Desk 1942.1943 De Gaulle and Free French /ichy and French Polities Ambassador 5urphy and North Africa 8andings Paris France 1943.1949 Peace ,onference ,affery and Other Personalities French Personalities French 9ines Observatories in the UN Department of State 1949.1955 Deputy Assistant Secretary Europe US. Russian relations: Kennan and Bohlen Dealing 0ith ,ongress Secretary of State Dulles 5c,arthy Era Bedell Smith Institute of Iberian Affairs 8isbon Portugal A Ambassador 1955.1958 SalaBar INTERVIEW $: Good morning, Ambassador Bonbright. )ou were going to give an oral history according to your style and wishes. I think it was January 19, 1903 when you were born. So i. you will proceed from there/ BONBRIGHT: Yes that is correct. Perhaps I could say a brief 0ord first about my parents. 5y father 0as one of four brothers 0ho came from Philadelphia. -
Thesis Focuses on the Role Played by American Foreign Service Officers in Italy, Mostly from the Fascist Era to the Cold War (1929-1953)
Università degli Studi di Cagliari DOTTORATO DI RICERCA In Storia, Beni Culturali e Studi Internazionali Ciclo XXX The U.S. Foreign Service in Italy and the Byington Family Consular Dynasty in Naples (1897-1973) Dipartimento di Storia, Beni Culturali e Territorio Presentata da: Brendan Connors Coordinatore Dottorato: Prof.ssa Cecilia Tasca Tutor/Relatore: Prof. Marco Pignotti Table of Contents Page Introduction 5 Prologue: The Professionalization of American Diplomacy 8 Chapter One - The Foreign Service Prior to World War II, 1897-1938 14 1.1 The Byington Family’s Neapolitan Vocation - 1897-1929 14 1.2 Homer M. Byington I: Foreign Service Chief of Personnel, 1929-1933 26 1.3 FDR and the Foreign Service, 1933-1937 29 1.4 Ambassador John W. Garrett, 1929-1933 38 1.5 Ambassador Breckinridge Long, 1933-1936 45 1.6 The Naples Consulate General, 1931-1936 53 1.7 Ambassador William Phillips, 1936-1937 62 1.8 Roosevelt Speaks Out 67 1.9 The Naples Consulate General, 1937-1939 70 Chapter Two: From Munich to the June 2 Referendum, 1938-1946 84 2.1 A Planned Coup d’État against Mussolini in 1938? 84 2.2 The Rome Embassy and the Declaration of War 99 2.3 Roosevelt and the Foreign Service During World War II 106 2.4 Relations Renewed 111 2.5 Post-War Naples 118 2.6 Ambassador Alexander Kirk, 1945-1946 127 2.7 Freemasonry in Naples and the Crisis of the Parri Government 138 2.8 Monarchy or Republic? June 2, 1946 145 2.9 The Foreign Service Act of 1946 159 Chapter Three: The Cold War, 1947-1973 162 3.1 The Truman Doctrine and Secretary of State Marshall, 1947 162 3.2 Ambassador James Dunn, 1947-1952 166 3.3 Contacts with the Far Right, 1947-1950 182 3.4 The Italian Foreign Office, 1947-1950 190 3.5 Political Reports from Naples, 1947-1949 204 3.6 The State Department and the Red Scare 230 3.7 Homer M. -
North Atlantic Treaty
North Atlantic Treaty A R S H A L L was greatly interested in the words Bevin had spoken to him on December 17, 1947, as to some form of future cooperation, but he wanted clarification. He asked a mem- ber of the delegation, John Hickerson, director of the Office of European Affairs, to get more details from Bevin's assistants.1 Hickerson thus entered into the background of negotiations of the I North Atlantic Treaty, in which formulation he and his chief of the ' Division of Western European Affairs, Theodore C. Achilles, played major roles * At the Foreign Office, Hickerson dealt with Gladwyn Jebb. Jebb had served with the Special Operations Executive during the war and later, as a representative of the Foreign Office, helped establish the United Nations. He was now acting as a deputy to Bevin, work- ing on plans to strengthen Western Europe against aggression. He told Hickerson that the Foreign Secretary set great store by the Treaty of Dunkirk, signed in March 1947, to protect the Western powers against German aggression. He was thinking now of a col- lective defense arrangement between Britain, France, and the Benelux countries (formed a few months later by the Treaty of Brussels) to which he hoped to add the United States and Canada.* In mid-January 1948, Ambassador Inverchapel forwarded to Marshall the summary of a paper prepared by Bevin pointing out that the Soviet government had shaped a solid political and eco- nomic bloc, which made it difficult to hold the line against further Soviet nibbling and encroachment.