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U·M·I University Microfilms Inlernatlonal a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road The Russian Molokan Colony at Guadalupe, Baja California: Continuity and change in a sectarian community. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic); maps Authors Muranaka, Therese Adams. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 14:00:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186102 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the Ecrofilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed through, substand~Id margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these wili be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms Inlernatlonal A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106·1346 USA 313.'761·4700 800:521·0600 Order Number 9313003 The Russian Molokan Colony at Guadalupe, Baja California: Continuity and change in a sectarian community Muranaka, Therese Adams, Ph.D. The University of Ari~ona, 1992 Copyright ©1992 by Muranaka, Therese Adams. All rights reserved. V·M·X 30n N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arhor, MI 48106 THE RUSSIAN MOLOKAN COLONY AT GUADALUPE, BAJA CALIFORNIA: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN A SECTARIAN COMMUNITY by Therese Adams Muranaka Copyright © Therese Adams Muranaka 1992· A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1992 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have Therese Adams r-turanaka read the dissertation prepared by------------------------------------------ entitled The Russian Holokan Colony at Guadalupe, Baja California: COntinuity and Change in a sectarian Community and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 9/21/92 Date 9/21/92 Date 9/21/92 Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read tuis dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfLllment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As a foreign student at the Institute of Archaeology in Bucharest, Romania in 1975-76, I had one year to study the archaeological candidates thought to be the bearers of Proto-Indo-European speech to Eastern Europe. The Romanian Cucuteni C (in Russian Tripolye) culture troubled me in that the meaning of the variation seen in the archaeological record was unclear. I think I have found a useful case for answering questions about prehistoric migration in the following study of the archaeology and ethnicity of a modern Molokan Russian community in northern Baja California. An exceptional group of Committee members spent many hours reading draft after draft of this research over many years. Thanks go to Dr. Raymond H. Thompson, Dr. Jeffrey S. Dean, Dr. J. Jefferson Reid, Dr. Hennann K. Bleibtreu and Dr. Nancy Parezo of the Anthropology Department of the University of Arizona. Dr. Lynn Christenson of the Anthropology Department of San Diego State University analyzed the animal bone l2.r9.Q..QnQ. Dr. Leland A. Fetzer of the Department of Gennanic and Slavic Studies at San Diego State University provided Russian translations and insight into Molokan lifeways. Dr. George Teague of the National Park Service and Dr. Glenn Farris of California Department of Parks and Recreation consulted on historic ceramics and maker's marks. I thank Ing. JoaquIn Garda-Barcena, Director of Prehistoric Monuments of the Instituto Nacional @ Antropologla ~ tI.i£t!>.ria (!NAH) of Mexico and his talented associates Jaime Abundis and Mexicali representative Julie Bendfmez for their help in issuing permits. Thanks go to Elena Teresa Orozco, David Urate-Loperena and Francisco Lisizin who introduced me to the community. To the Hector Fuentes Family of Guadalupe go many thanks for their kindness to strangers. To the Molokans themselves, I thank Mary and Agafia" Rogoff, Andres" A. Sarnaduroff, Mr. and Mrs. George Mohoff, John A. Samarin, Mr. and Mrs. John J. Samarin, Mr. and Mrs. John Mendrin, Judie Dolbee and AJ. Conovaloff, as well as Katherine Abakumoff and Annie Zolnekoff of the United Molokan Christian Association. I am indebted to Helen and Beverly Long of the Moreno Family of Guadalupe. I thank my crew of both Mexican and U.S. citizens: Tom and Sylvia Riis, Howard and Elfi Schwitkis, Thea Gums and John Blocker, Patty Fay, Maisie Morris, Erlene Surber, Sally Johnson, Kathy Jenkins, and Joanie and Bart Boyer. Inna Retana and Thea Gums worked on the original INAH permit requests. Blair Burkhardt provided the original film footage of the 1939 wedding of Vera Samaduroff. Dale Griffin, Bill Reed and Jim Carelas worked long hours helping with the data base. Computer consultant Tom Surber provided hours and hours of work on layout and computer graftics and turned rough field notes into professionally useful documents. Antiquarian Sandy Wine consulted on Victorian buttons. I thank Kathleen McElwaine, Ada Dehner, Mike Jacobs, Jane Rosenthal, Beth Padon and Terry Fong for whnt they know best. Most of all, I thank my husband Jason and my son Jay-Michael, who waited two weeks or he would have been born in Guadalupe. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ................................................................... 8 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................. 11 I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 12 ll. MIGRATION AND ARCHAEOLOGY ............................................ 14 Sorting Archaeological "Migrations" ..................................................... 14 Historic Development of Migration Studies in Archaeology ................... 14 Early Studies ..................................................................................... 14 Post World War 11 ............................................................................ 18 The "New" Archaeology ................................................................... 22 New Approaches to Migration Questions ............................................. 25 The Curious Chain: Ethnicity-Acculturation-Assimilation .................... 26 Ethnicity and Archaeology: State of the Art .......................................... 29 TIl. CASE STUDY: SPIRIT JUMPERS OF BAJA CALIFORNIA ...... 32 Molokan Sectarians: General Development of the Sect ......................... 32 Russian Religious History ................................................................. .32 6 Rasko} and Russian Sectarianism ......................................................... 33 The Doukhobors ................................................................................. 36 The Molokans ..................................................................................... 38 Predictions and Hiatus ......................................................................... 41 Molokans in North America .................................................................... 45 Arrival and History .............................................................................. 45 Molokans in Los Angeles Today ......................................................... .48 Molokans in Mexico: The Guadalupe Valley Colony ............................. 50 Land Purchase ...................................................................................
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