Roll Call: Lieut. Gen. Adna Romanza Chaffee .... 6 U.S. Army Lifestyles in the Apache Campaigns: “The Less an Enlisted Man Comes in Contact With an Officer, the Better Off He Is.” ............ 7 Voices from the Canyon: Corporal Fitzgerald Takes His Discharge ....................................... 9 Roll Call: Patch—A Fort Huachuca Family ...... 10 Apache Campaigns: On the Trail of Geronimo . 13 Roll Call: First Sergeant Neil Erickson ............ 21 Apache Campaigns: An Apache View of Geronimo 25 Apache Campaigns: The Battle at Devil’s Creek 27 Apache Campaigns: Crook’s Strategy in the Final Geronimo Campaign ..................................... 29 Roll Call: Leonard Wood—Surgeon Soldier ...... 35 Voices: Leonard Wood’s First Patrol—”I Am Feel- ing a Little Stiff ............................................ 38 Apache Campaigns: Crook Deploys His Forces 40 Voices: The Ambush of the Supply Camp in Guadalupe Canyon........................................ 42 Apache Campaigns: Captain Crawford Leads His Last Scout .................................................... 45 Apache Campaigns: Lieutenant Day and “a Nervy Piece of Work”.............................................. 50 Apache Campaigns: Stripped for Battle in the Teres Mountains ........................................... 51 Apache Campaigns: Josanie’s Raid ................. 53 Apache Campaigns: “The Apaches Baffle Pursuit Completely” ................................................. 59 2 HUACHUCA ILLUSTRATED Apache Campaigns: The Canyon of the Trick- sters 61 Roll Call: C. S. Fly—Pioneer Photojournalist 68 Voices: General Miles Climbs the Huachucas 75 Roll Call: The Army’s Top Man—Phil Sheridan 80 Roll Call: Frederick Remington—Campaigning with the Cavalry in Arizona 80 Roll Call: Major General Henry W. Lawton—”He Was Essentially a Soldier” 83 Apache Campaigns: The Rescue of Corporal Scott 86 Apache Campaigns: Uncle Billy Sets a Trap 88 Voices: “I Have Met With Great Disaster With My Troop 89 Roll Call: General Nelson A. Miles 95 Apache Campaigns: “We Are at the Beginning of the End” 101 A MAGAZINE OF THE FORT HUACHUCA MUSEUM 3 Roll Call: Lieut. Charles B. Gatewood—Big Nose Captain ...................................................... 103 Apache Campaigns: The “Big-Nosed Captain” and His Peace Commission................................ 105 Apache Campaigns: “Do You Have Anything to Drink...I Feel a Little Shaky” ...................... 107 Apache Campaigns: “It is the Last Time You Will Ever Have Occasion to Surrender.” ............. 111 U.S. Army Lifestyles in the Apache Campaigns: Life in the Field in the Geronimo Campaign 113 U.S. Army Lifestyles in the Apache Campaigns: Infantry in the Geronimo Campaign ........... 115 Apache Campaigns: The American Soldier in the Apache Campaigns ..................................... 117 Apache Campaigns: Numbers in the Geronimo Campaign ................................................... 118 Military Intelligence in the American Southwest: 119 Apache Scouts ............................................... 119 Military Intelligence in the American Southwest: 122 The Geronimo Code ....................................... 122 The Geronimo Campaign: Lessons Learned ... 122 Military Intelligence in the Southwest: The He- liograph Network as Observation Posts ....... 124 General Nelson A. Miles in Field Orders No. 12, 7 October 1886 ............................................. 134 Apache Campaigns: Sequelae........................ 139 Uniforms: The U.S. Soldier in Apacheria ....... 142 Weapons: The U.S. Soldier in Apacheria ........ 158 4 HUACHUCA ILLUSTRATED Equipment: The U.S. Soldier in Apacheria .... 158 Timeline........................................................ 172 Bibliography .................................................. 173 Notes ............................................................. 183 A MAGAZINE OF THE FORT HUACHUCA MUSEUM 5 Roll Call: Lieut. Gen. Adna Romanza Chaffee As a captain, 6th U.S. Cavalry, Adna Romanza Chaffee was the post commander of Fort Huachuca from October 1883 to June 1884, and was the first occupant of the Huachuca post commanders quarters. With three understrength cavalry troops and one infantry company, Captain Chaffee had the mission of patrolling and pursuing the Indians and the task of planning, engineering, and constructing Fort Huachuca as a permanent post. The officers line on Grierson Avenue was completed in 1884 during his term as post commander, as was the barracks row. His 45 years in the U.S. Army began as a 57" enlisted man during the Civil War. After being promoted to First Sergeant, he received a commission in the 6th Cavalry in 1863. His service included gallant service in the Battle of Gettysburg, citations for gallantry in leading an 1874 cavalry charge against the Indians on the Texas Red River, and gallantry in Arizonas last great Indian battle at Big Dry Wash in 1882, a year before he came to Fort Huachuca. At Big Dry Wash, near Winslow, Chaffee with only 50 cavalrymen encountered and defeated 350 Apache Indians entrenched in the hills. Under Brig. Gen. George Crook, he led Troop I, 6th U.S. Cavalry, on the famous Apache campaign of 1883 into the Sierra Madre mountains of Mexico. He returned to post, after four months in the field and a 1,000-mile march, bringing in the chiefs and some 400 Apache warriors. At the battle of Staked Plains against 200 Cheyennes, Chaffee exhorted his troop: Forward! If any man is killed I will make him a corporal. He was known as the Hero of El Caney in the Spanish-American War as he was commended for special distinction in planning and attacking the stone fort at El Caney, Cuba, July 1, 1898, where a button was shot off his coat. 6 HUACHUCA ILLUSTRATED In 1900 he commanded the China Relief Expedition during the Boxer rebellion, relieving the threatened U.S. legation in Peking. He became lieutenant general, January 9, 1904, and was Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, from 1904 to 1906. Chaffee served on the Los Angeles Board of Public Works after his retirement and was instrumental in founding the Southwest Museum. Both his daughters married Army officers. His son, of the same name, was commissioned in the 7th Cavalry and would become the leading force behind the development of an armored force in the U.S. Army. The elder Chaffee was born in 1842 at Orwell, Ohio, and died on November 1, 1914, in Los Angeles, California. U.S. Army Lifestyles in the Apache Campaigns: “The Less an Enlisted Man Comes in Contact With an Officer, the Better Off He Is.” The life of an enlisted man during the 1885-6 Geronimo campaign was a trying one and not all of the men found themselves at home in the Army. One of these men was William B. Jett, who as a private at Fort Huachuca in 1885 penned an illuminating diary of his experiences, many of which involved his conflicts with military authority. While making the lonely rounds of guard duty, he would count the stars to keep from thinking so much about the folks back home and what a fool I had been to put myself in virtual slavery for five years. Jett was promoted unwillingly to Corporal, a responsibility he tried to turn down because a non-commissioned officer is brought in such close contact with officers and the less an enlisted man comes in contact with an officer the better off he is... Apparently he was right in his assessment for it wasnt long before he was reduced to the ranks by the regimental commander for failing to meet his duties as an NCO. Commanding the regiment and Fort Huachuca was Colonel William Bedford Royall. As a young lieutenant in the 2d Missouri Rifles, Royall had followed Brig. Gen. Stephen W. Kearny and his Army of the West into the Southwest in 1846. The veteran of both the Mexican and Civil Wars was a survivor of a desperate saber battle, and was a scarred and irascible warrior who began each day with a tumbler of straight whiskey at the Post Traders. He had fought Arapahos with the 5th Cavalry as a major in 1868 and the Sioux in 1876 as a Lieutenant Colonel with the 3d Cavalry. Crook considered him the best judge of horses in the U.S. Cavalry. The tyranny of command at a remote Arizona post is made evident by Royalls declaration that This post is mine, this reservation is mine, these officers are mine, this trumpeter is mine. And when my trumpeter sounds a call, those are my orders and they must be obeyed. Jett took his discharge in April 1886. A civilian now, he didnt feel he belonged any longer to Colonel Royall and passed him without saluting. The colonel called him back and said, You are the first man discharged from my regiment that did not salute me as he met me. Jett answered, If I had thought you wanted to be saluted very badly I would have done so. Royall told him to get off the reservation. A MAGAZINE OF THE FORT HUACHUCA MUSEUM 7 Col. William Bedford Royall. Commanded Fort Huachuca from 1885-86, while commanding the 4th Cavalry. Feeling like a man let out of prison, Jett left Fort Huachuca, but he would return to work as a civilian teamster. He eventually gave up his ranching venture near the post, went back east to college, and became a Methodist minister. Another future minister and corporal, William R. Fitzgerald had quite different feelings when he took his discharge at Huachuca seven years earlier. 8 HUACHUCA ILLUSTRATED Jett, William B., with beard, wearing his checked suit. Voices from the Canyon: Corporal Fitzgerald Takes His Discharge Corporal William R. Fitzgerald was a five-year veteran of B Company, 6th Cavalry, on November 28, 1878, when he was called to report to Captain Whitside at headquarters. Fitzgerald A MAGAZINE OF THE FORT HUACHUCA MUSEUM 9 was one of the troopers who helped to establish Camp Huachuca and now his enlistment was up. He was being discharged. He described the interview he had with his commander: Capt. S.M. Whiteside [sic] bid me good morning, and took me by the hand and said, Corporal, you have been in my troop for five years. You have made a good soldier. Your time is up. I wish you would reenlist in my Troop, but that is for you to decide. Here is your discharge, and I have given you a good one.