Ecords of the War Department's I Operations Division, 1942-1945
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Steel Typhoon 1
Steel Typhoon 1 Steel Typhoon 2012 Standard The Second Half of the Pacific War November 1943 - September 1945 designed by Ed Kettler, Adam Adkins, and John Kettler edited by Larry Bond and Chris Carlson published by The Admiralty Trilogy Group Copyright © 2012, 2014, 2015, 2019 by the Admiralty Trilogy Group, LLC, Ed Kettler, Adam Adkins, and John Kettler All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. Made in the USA. No part of this game may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Command at Sea is a registered Trademark by Larry Bond, Christopher Carlson, and Edward Kettler, for their WW II tacti- cal naval wargame. The Admiralty Trilogy is a registered Trademark by Larry Bond, Christopher Carlson, Edward Kettler, and Michael Harris for their Twentieth-Century tactical naval gaming system. ThisSample version of Steel Typhoon has been updated to include all corrections from errata through 13 Octoberfile 2019. The designers of Steel Typhoon and Command at Sea are prepared to answer questions about the game system. They can be reached in care of the Admiralty Trilogy Group at [email protected]. Visit their website at www.admiraltytrilogy.com. Cover by Tim Schleif 2 Steel Typhoon Table of Contents Page Table of Contents 2 Scenario Notes 3 Dedication 3 Acknowledgements 3 Map of the Pacific Theater 4 Battleship and Cruiser Floatplane Availability 5 Japanese Naval Aviation Units 5 Hourly Event Table 6 Operation Cartwheel: Breaking the Solomons Barrier Raid on Rabaul 5 Nov 43 Carrier attack -
Chuuktext and Photos by Brandi Mueller
Wreck Junkie Heaven ChuukText and photos by Brandi Mueller 49 X-RAY MAG : 53 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO travel Chuuk View of Chuuk Island. PREVIOUS PAGE: Diver in interior of Betty plane My dream history lesson includes a tropical Pacific island where I step off a beautiful boat soaked in sunshine the warm Micronesian waters and descend on a coral cov- ered ship that was part of World War II. This dream and these ships came to life for me during a recent trip aboard the MV Odyssey liveaboard. Truk Lagoon, now known as Chuuk, is most certainly one of the world’s greatest wreck diving destinations. These lush green islands with palm trees and calm blue waters make it almost impossible to fathom the immense battle that took place on the 17th and 18th of February, 1944. Under Japanese occupation dur- the United States took Japan by battleships, numerous cruisers, ing World War II, Truk served as almost complete surprise with two destroyers, submarines and other one of the Japanese Imperial days of daytime and nighttime support ships assisting the carriers. Navy’s main bases in the South airstrikes, surface ship actions, Airstrikes, employed fighters, Pacific Theater. Some compared and submarine attacks. Ordered dive bombers and torpedo air- it as Japan’s Pearl Harbor. This by Admiral Raymond Spruance, craft were used in the attacks logistical and operations base Vice Admiral Marc A Mitscher’s focusing on airfields, aircraft, shore for the Japanese Combine Fleet Task Force 58 included five fleet installations, and ships around the served as the stage for the United carriers (the USS Enterprise, USS Truk anchorage throughout the States’ attack called Operation Yorktown, USS Essex, USS Intrepid, day and night. -
Investigation of Abandoned WW II Wrecks in Palau
Investigation of Abandoned WW II Wrecks in Palau Tomo Ishimura1 Abstract Over forty Japanese vessels were sunken in the water of Palau during WWII. Some wrecks sunk in the shallow water at a depth of 20 meters or less and were salvaged. Other wrecks at 30 meters depth or more still remain and are legally protected by the authority of Palau Government but are seriously threatened by illegal treasure hunters. Initial efforts to identify human remains of Japanese soldiers were made in 2005. As part of an archaeology advisory team for the Japanese Government I carried out underwater surveys of sunken WWII vessels in Palau. In 2010 and 2011, I conducted investigations of the WWII vessels again, together with on-shore research on sites and features associated with the Japanese occupation period, funded by the Takanashi Foundation for Arts and Archaeology (Japan). The research revealed that the most of the vessels sunken in Palau were not genuine military vessels of Japanese Imperial Navy or Army but converted vessels originally built for non-combat purposes. These vessels were slow in speed and not well-equipped for combat activity. Most of them were destroyed by American aerial bombing on March 30th 1944. The evening before (March 29th) the main force of the Japanese Combined Fleet, including its flagship Musashi, retreated from Palau. It is clear that the vessels left in Palau were abandoned as a “third wheel” of the Combined Fleet. These abandoned-converted vessels include cargo carriers, tankers, whaling boats and fishing boats. This implies that Japanese troops were experiencing a difficult and desperate campaign at that time. -
Empire of the Sun (Eots) Monograph on U.S
Empire of the Sun (EoTS) Monograph on U.S. Air Operations versus Japanese Fleet Bases: Truk example By Mark Herman Introduction: Pacific War strategy for both sides was driven by the need to support operations with land based air power and mobile fleets. One of the key decisions that a player in EoTS constantly considers is how to use his military infrastructure (airfields and ports) to support his ability to generate combat power with his air and naval assets. Part and parcel to deployment decisions are how do the opponent’s forces impact those decisions? The game captures the impact of land based air through various systems, most notably how air units are based to project zones of influence (ZOIs) and their effect on movement and intelligence. A corollary to the importance of air forces was where to position the respective fleets to support those operations. What is harder to depict are the second order effects of air on military operations. It is easy to capture the kinetic abilities of air forces (e.g., bomb results), but the ability to show the non-kinetic effects of air power on enemy decisions has tended to be elusive if not omitted in their entirety. During World War II the ability to operate a port within range of enemy airfields has been expensive in terms of lost assets, while having a profound impact on operations tempo. A good example of this phenomena in the European theater was the siege of Malta. In this case the Allies chose to bear the cost of defending the island from an aerial siege, but while doing so, Malta’s ability to react to enemy operations was severely curtailed. -
The Archeology of the Atomic Bomb
THE ARCHEOLOGY OF THE ATOMIC BOMB: A SUBMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT OF THE SUNKEN FLEET OF OPERATION CROSSROADS AT BIKINI AND KWAJALEIN ATOLL LAGOONS REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS Prepared for: The Kili/Bikini/Ejit Local Government Council By: James P. Delgado Daniel J. Lenihan (Principal Investigator) Larry E. Murphy Illustrations by: Larry V. Nordby Jerry L. Livingston Submerged Cultural Resources Unit National Maritime Initiative United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Southwest Cultural Resources Center Professional Papers Number 37 Santa Fe, New Mexico 1991 TABLE OF CONTENTS ... LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ......................................... 111 FOREWORD ................................................... vii Secretary of the Interior. Manuel Lujan. Jr . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................... ix CHAPTER ONE: Introduction ........................................ 1 Daniel J. Lenihan Project Mandate and Background .................................. 1 Methodology ............................................... 4 Activities ................................................. 1 CHAPTER TWO: Operation Crossroads .................................. 11 James P. Delgado The Concept of a Naval Test Evolves ............................... 14 Preparing for the Tests ........................................ 18 The AbleTest .............................................. 23 The Baker Test ............................................. 27 Decontamination Efforts ....................................... -
Rising the Enemy. Stalin, Truman and Surrender of Japan. T. Hasegawa .Pdf
RACING THE ENEMY RACING THE ENEMY stalin, truman, and the surrender of japan tsuyoshi hasegawa the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts • London, England 2005 Copyright © 2005 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi, 1941– Racing the enemy : Stalin, Truman, and the surrender of Japan / Tsuyoshi Hasegawa. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-674-01693-9 (alk. paper) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Armistices. 2. World War, 1939–1945—Japan. 3. World War, 1939–1945—Soviet Union. 4. World War, 1939–1945— United States. 5. World politics—1933–1945. I. Title. D813.J3H37 2005 940.53′2452—dc22 2004059786 In memory of Boris Nikolaevich Slavinsky, my friend and colleague, who did not see the fruit of our collaboration Contents Maps viii Note on Transliteration and Spelling ix Introduction: Race to the Finish 1 1. Triangular Relations and the Pacific War 7 2. Stalin, Truman, and Hirohito Face New Challenges 45 3. Decisions for War and Peace 89 4. Potsdam: The Turning Point 130 5. The Atomic Bombs and Soviet Entry into the War 177 6. Japan Accepts Unconditional Surrender 215 7. August Storm: The Soviet-Japanese War and the United States 252 Conclusion: Assessing the Roads Not Taken 290 Abbreviations 307 Notes 309 Acknowledgments 363 Index 367 Illustrations follow pages 132 and 204 Maps 1 Japan at War, 1945 9 2 August Storm 196 3 Central Tokyo 246 4 Soviets’ Kuril Operation 257 5 Battle of Shimushu 261 Note on Transliteration and Spelling For Russian words, I have used the Library of Congress translitera- tion system except for well-known terms such as Yalta and Mikoyan when they appear in the text; in the citations, I retain Ialtinskaia konferentsiia and Mikoian. -
Pacific Command: a Study in Interservice Relations” Professor Louis Morton, 1961
'The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government.'" USAFA Harmon Memorial Lecture #3 “Pacific Command: A Study in Interservice Relations” Professor Louis Morton, 1961 When two men ride the same horse, one must sit behind. -Anon. It is a pleasure and a privilege to have this opportunity to visit the Air Force Academy and to speak to you under the auspices of the Harmon Memorial lecture Series, particularly since the Harmon name stirs memories of my own service during World War II. For almost two years I was on the staff- in a very junior capacity, I hasten to add- of Lt. Gen. Millard F. Harmon, Hubert Harmon's older brother and one of the leading figures in the early development of air power. As historian for the command, I had reason to learn that Millard Harmon had the same personal interest in military history that characterized the first superintendent of this Academy and is so fittingly memorialized in the present lecture series. When Col. Kerig, of the History Department, invited me to give this lecture, I must confess that I accepted with some misgivings. To follow such distinguished historians as Frank Craven and T. Harry Williams, who gave the preceding lectures in this series, was a difficult enough assignment. But when I learned that my audience would number about 1,500, I was literally frightened. No academic audience, or any other I ever faced, numbered that many. The choice of topic was mine, but what could a historian talk about that would not only hold your interest for an hour but would also be of some value to you in the career for which you are now preparing? Colonel Kerig made the choice easier. -
The Pacific Theater a Guide to Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Part 1:1942-1945
records of the joint chiefs of staff part 1:1942-45 the pacific theater A Guide to Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Part 1:1942-1945 The Pacific Theater Edited by Paul Kesaris Guide Compiled by Dale Grinder UPA A Microfilm Project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 44 North Market Street Frederick, MD 21701 Copyright © 1981 by University Publications of America, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-89090-287-5 CONTENTS Page Acronyms and Abbreviations iii REEL INDEX 1-53 JAPAN 1 PACIFIC THEATER 21 Pacific Ocean Area 24 North Pacific Area 32 Central Pacific Area 33 Bonin Islands 33 Caroline Islands 33 Formosa 33 Mariana Islands 34 Marshall Islands 34 South Pacific Area 35 Southwest Pacific Area 35 Celebes Sea 36 East Indies 36 Hainan Island 37 Netherlands East Indies 37 New Zealand 37 Philippine Islands 38 CHINA-BURMA-INDIA THEATER 40 Burma 40 China 44 Hong Kong 46 India 46 Indochina 46 Korea 47 Southeast Asia 48 Thailand 49 SUBJECT INDEX 51-53 Acronyms and Abbreviations ACS Acting Chief of Staff AMM Australian Military Mission BCS British Chiefs of Staff BJSP British Joint Staff Planners CCS Combined Chiefs of Staff CG AAF Commanding General, Army Air Forces CG 20thAF Commanding General, 20th Air Force CG USFCT Commanding General, U.S. Forces China Theater CINCPOA Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas CINCSWPA Commander-in-Chief, Southwest Pacific Areas CINCUSF Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet CNO Chief of Naval Operations CSP Combined Staff Planners CS USA Chief of Staff, U.S. Army CT China Theater DCS Deputy Chief of Staff GHQ USAFP General Headquarters, U.S. -
Truk Lagoon Come and Dive Truk Lagoon the Way It’S Ment to Be!
TRUK LAGOON COME AND DIVE TRUK LAGOON THE WAY IT’S MENT TO BE! Wanting to Dive Truk Lagoon is by far We do all our diving through Blue one of the biggest wishes of most Lagoon Dive and stay at the Blue divers globally - yet why do so few Lagoon Resort. We work extremely divers ever get to this world class closely with them so that you can wreck diving destination? enjoy extended dive times on these world class wrecks. No longer do serious diving enthusiasts want to be "led by the So if you are a diver that wants more nose" by dive guides who limit depth, out of your diving then you will feel dive times and penetration right at home here. opportunities to the least experienced diver, thus minimising With a max of 6 people per boat most peoples diving satisfaction. and 1 Boat per wreck we place people very carefully on boats that will be conducive to their level of training and experience ( So if you are an experienced recreational diver you won’t be put onto a technical divers boat and have to wait hours for them to surface!!!! - They will have their own boat and be focusing on deeper less accessible wrecks! for longer TRIP COSTS: bottom times) It is this focus to detail We have not only taken away a lot of that we pride ourselves on. the gear problems associated with $3395.00us (2019) Ex Truk technical diving in Truk Lagoon but also, with a little planning and Incl: organisation, match up the right • 12 days diving, 24 dive pack, people on the right boats. -
General Information Travel Time
Chuuk Lagoon Notes GENERAL INFORMATION TRAVEL TIME Approximate travel time from the UK to Chuuk is 2 days (incorporating time difference). Suggested route is via Asia and Guam. AIRPORT TERMINAL FEE Passengers travelling within the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) are required to pay an airport departure tax, for Chuuk this is currently 40US$ TIME ZONE The local time is 10 hours ahead of UTC (GMT). PASSPORT AND VISAS Passport holders of most western countries may obtain a visa on arrival which allows stays up to 30 days. Please ensure your passport has validity of at least 6 months upon arrival into Chuuk. For more information please visit www.visit-fsm.org. All flights to Chuuk International Airport (TKK) require transit via Guam, United States. All non-US citizens must obtain a US visa or Electronic System of Travel Authorization (ESTA) prior to travel. ESTA applications should be made online at least 72 hours prior to travel. LANGUAGE AND RELIGION The spoken language in Chuuk is English along with a variety of local dialects and Micronesian languages. In Chuuk, Clan culture is at the forefront, whilst in other Micronesian states the Congregational Church features strongly within the culture. CURRENCY The local currency is the US Dollar (US$). The majority of established hotels, shops and restaurants accept major credit cards. However, smaller establishments are likely to only accept cash payments. ATMs are available, however guests are advised to exchange money prior to arrival and to ensure you have small denominations on hand. ELECTRICITY Onboard our yacht there are both 220V and 110V with 2 round pin sockets, European style. -
The Evolution of the US Navy Into an Effective
The Evolution of the U.S. Navy into an Effective Night-Fighting Force During the Solomon Islands Campaign, 1942 - 1943 A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Jeff T. Reardon August 2008 © 2008 Jeff T. Reardon All Rights Reserved ii This dissertation titled The Evolution of the U.S. Navy into an Effective Night-Fighting Force During the Solomon Islands Campaign, 1942 - 1943 by JEFF T. REARDON has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Marvin E. Fletcher Professor of History Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences iii ABSTRACT REARDON, JEFF T., Ph.D., August 2008, History The Evolution of the U.S. Navy into an Effective Night-Fighting Force During the Solomon Islands Campaign, 1942-1943 (373 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Marvin E. Fletcher On the night of August 8-9, 1942, American naval forces supporting the amphibious landings at Guadalcanal and Tulagi Islands suffered a humiliating defeat in a nighttime clash against the Imperial Japanese Navy. This was, and remains today, the U.S. Navy’s worst defeat at sea. However, unlike America’s ground and air forces, which began inflicting disproportionate losses against their Japanese counterparts at the outset of the Solomon Islands campaign in August 1942, the navy was slow to achieve similar success. The reason the U.S. Navy took so long to achieve proficiency in ship-to-ship combat was due to the fact that it had not adequately prepared itself to fight at night. -
Japanese Strategy in the Second Phase of the Pacific War
Japanese Strategy in the Second Phase of the Pacific War Noriaki Yashiro Introduction This paper’s title, “Japan’s Strategy in the Second Phase of the Pacific War” is a far-reaching theme, such as what topics should be handled or what timing should be considered, but it is necessary to narrow down topics due to space limitation. This paper assumes that “the Outline to be Followed in the Future for Guiding the War” as decided at the end of September 1943 played a central role in Japan’s strategies in the second phase of the Pacific War. With focus on the operation strategy portion of the said Outline, this paper attempts to analyze the meanings of switching from offensive strategy at the time of starting the war to defensive strategy by correlating grand strategies of the Imperial General Headquarters and military operations of the Japanese army and navy. In addition, this paper makes some analyses on operation strategies in the second phase of the Pacific War. 1. Next strategy after completing southward invasion operations (1) Basic strategy at the time of starting the war: “The Draft Proposal for Hastening the End of the War against the U.S., the U.K., Holland, and Chiang” If a new war against the U.S., the U.K., and Holland occurs while conducting the China Incident (Second Sino-Japanese War), Japan needs to find out how to end such a war. On November 2, 1941, when Premier Tojo, Sugiyama, Chief of the Office of the Army’s General Staff, and Nagano, Chief of the Naval General Staff reported their conclusion on their review of national policies to Emperor Hirohito, they added they were “researching on possible justifiable reasons to start the war and possible actions to end Japan-U.S.