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Towards a safer India. 20112011 40TH ISSUEI 20122012

Editor-in-ChiefEdiitor-in-Chief

JayantJJayant BaBaranwalarannwwal WWW.SPSLANDFORCES.NET ROUNDUP IN THIS ISSUE The ONLY journal in Asia dedicated to Land Forces

PAGE 4 >> COVER STORY Wide-ranging Vehicles for Diverse Roles Armour in Future Conflicts

PHOTOGRAPH : PIB

Currently, the Indian Army is looking for multi- purpose vehicles (MPVs), light bullet proof vehicles (Lt BPVs), light strike vehicles (LSVs) for the infantry battalions for its various roles in external and internal security duties and reconnaissance vehicles for the armoured and mechanised units and NBC units Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor PAGE 8 Indian Army Modernisation – An Introspection The facade of the yearly refined DPP over the years has done little to accelerate mod - ernisation. The gap between the Indian Army and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is widening alarmingly in favour of the latter. Lt General (Retd) P.C. Katoch PAGE 10 Indigenous Strategic and Tactical Missiles

T-72 (FWMP) passes through the Rajpath during the 60th Republic Day parade

AFVs will endure the changes in the nature of future wars. However, they must not be seen in isolation as stand-alone weapon systems, but as part of an all

The Agni missile programme is a family of arms group enabling and sustaining decisive manoeuvre and high intensity MRBM to ICBM ballistic missile systems battle at close quarters through superior survivability against precision attacks developed by DRDO under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. and dumb munitions. Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand n LT GENERAL (RETD) V.K. KAPOOR Nature of Future Wars many officers. they are of the opinion that PAGE 12 analysis of current and past conflicts, conventional wars of the past are unlikely to Social Networking and Cyber Threats n order to examine the effective - emerging technologies, geostrategic environ - be fought due to the changed nature of Cyber crime has shifted from simple scams ness and employment of armour in ment and the emerging challenges indicate future conflicts. However, most of the mili - including phishing, spoofing, worms and future conflicts, it will be prudent in the various trends in future wars. While the tary analysts differ on this issue. they feel viruses to more sophisticated attacks shut - first instance to understand the basic details of evaluation and appraisal differ in that the geopolitical and geostrategic envi - ting down network servers and cloud-based characteristics of an armoured fighting their content and quality, some shared con - ronment in South asia or even in the larger Ivehicle (aFV). the characteristics which clusions with regard to the future trends region which is termed as Southern asia (the systems affecting companies and individu - aFVs give to ground forces enable the latter emerge quite clearly. the main conclusion is arc extending clockwise from north africa, als. Social networking sites are fertile to conduct decisive manoeuvre as well as that major state to state wars will be a rarity West asia and South east asia to the indian grounds for breeding cyber crime. direct high intensity offensive action in order and low intensity conflict will prevail. thus ocean) are such that limited conventional Lt General (Retd) P.C. Katoch to surprise, paralyse and dislocate an enemy. many professionals in the armed forces all conflicts cannot be ruled out. they point in open terrain (plains and deserts), armour over the world feel that the days of large- towards the Kargil War in 1999 and the mil - predominant combat forces are employed to scale armour employment are over because itary standoff between india and Pakistan in PLUS lead the advance of offensive formations, to of the focus on low intensity operations. in 2001-02, after the attack on indian Parlia - Right hand Drive HMMWV 6 cut off enemy lines of communication or to india, due to the heightened employment of ment on december 13, 2001. occupy key terrain in enemy held area in the indian army in counter-insurgency and india in fact is facing a dual Interview: William Blair, President, 7 order to dislocate the enemy and destroy him other low-intensity operations in the past challenge/threat, in the western theatre Raytheon India at a time and place of own choosing. two decades or so, similar beliefs are held by from Pakistan and in the eastern theatre News in Brief 14

1/2012 SP’s LAND FORCES 1 >> COVER STORY

PHOTOGRAPHS : US Army, Krauss Maffei Wegmann from China and these challenges/threats can - xxxxxxx to achieve it and the armour constitutes the not be ignored because of the dubious con - physical means and is indispensable in the duct of both adversaries and the obvious land battle. collusion between them. Survivability : another important by- the fallacy of the belief that conven - product of these characteristics is its “sur - tional conflicts are unlikely has also been vivability”, both on nuclear and non-nuclear amply highlighted in israeli conflict against battlefields. there is currently no other the Hezbollah in Lebanon in 2006. david e. weapon system which can match the surviv - Johnson of rand Corporation took stock of ability of an aFV. However, a new battlefield the israeli response to the war in Lebanon, environment is emerging due to the advent in 2006, in a new monograph, military of stand-off, multi-spectral sensors with real Capabilities for Hybrid War: insights from time communications that give situational the israel defense Forces in Lebanon and awareness so that targets can be acquired, Gaza. He has written that the israeli defence prioritised and destroyed, by day or by night, forces (idF) had such difficulties with the in all weathers, throughout the battlefield, organised and well-trained Hezbollah forces with stand-off weapon systems firing preci - in part, because in the preceding years, the sion attack munitions. this threat will idF focused so much of its training on coun - extend throughout the area of operations. tering the irregular threat presented by Hence it is being pointed out by analysts that Hamas in Gaza. the idF focused roughly 75 indirect and stand-off engagements from per cent of training on “low-intensity con - aircraft, unmanned combat aerial vehicles flict” and only 25 per cent on combined (UCaVs) and long-range artillery can relieve arms and manoeuvre—a decision that had armour from the role of destroying enemy grave consequences in the valleys of south - M1A2 Abrams tank firing; combat elements at close quarters. more - ern Lebanon. this resulted in the israeli (below) KMW Leopard1 over, due to the high threat posed by the army’s lack of coordination in joint com - above systems, armoured forces may find it bined arms fire and manoeuvre. the idF difficult to close in with their intended objec - failed to properly integrate its air, ground, tives without neutralising the opponents and fires assets when encountering organ - deep attack systems. in this regard, the effec - ised Hezbollah units. after these, the idF tiveness of the US air power in destroying reversed its training ratio to focus more on iraqi armour that manoeuvred during a combined arms tactics, while scaling back sandstorm in order to meet the coalition on irregular skills. forces is often cited. as the coalition forces in view of the foregoing, there is a need closed in on Baghdad, iraq’s medina, Bagh - to discuss and debate the issue of employ - dad and Hammurabi divisions, counting on ment of armour in the future, in general the cover provided by the sandstorm, reposi - terms, in the indian context, so as to enable tioned them to meet the coalition forces. professionals to appreciate the future of JStarS and long-range UaVs detected the armour which could also result in some use - movement and guided B-1 and fighter- ful deductions regarding the design features bombers to intercept them. Using ir target - of future tanks. ing devices that could penetrate the clouds of sand, the aircraft inflicted severe damage Geographical Realities on iraqi armour. Will the aFV be able to sur - Fortunately, most of the senior hierarchy in vive such an environment in the future? this india’s armed forces is more pragmatic in question is bothering military professionals this regard keeping in mind our likely adver - and military analysts. saries, Pakistan and China, their equipment this dilemma in itself is not new. the pattern, and the geographical realities of the experience of employing armour in an area subcontinent. our borders with our two riddled with manportable anti-tank guided major adversaries comprise of varying ter - missiles was first endured during the Yom rain patterns. in the western theatre against Kippur War in 1973 and influenced military Pakistan, we have glaciated terrain in doctrines all over the world. But because in Siachen area, mountainous terrain in integrated theatre plan so that larger forces essential. it is here that a truly integrated essence it was an omni-dimensional threat, it Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, plains in comprising more than one strike corps can theatre would be very useful. the success in posed no significant problem. it was coun - Punjab and semi-desert and desert terrain in be employed synchronously from one the - this battle will depend upon the synergy and tered by a combination of technology [use of rajasthan. thus extensive armour employ - atre or from two different theatres to cause close coordination achieved by the army explosive reactive armour] and tactics. the ment is possible in the Jammu region, in maximum destruction of enemy forces. this and the iaF; intra-theatre (within a theatre) threat now is far greater due to the multiplic - Punjab and in rajasthan. in the eastern the - would involve large-scale employment between the pivot and the strike corps of that ity of systems, the ranges over which they atre, the terrain opposite tibet autonomous armour and mechanised forces and close theatre; inter-theatre (inter-command) operate, the variety of characteristics that are region of China comprises of high moun - synergy between strike and pivot formations between the strike corps of two adjoining exploited to acquire a target and then guide tains where limited employment of armour of the army and the combat aircraft of the theatres of operations along with their iaF munitions on to the target, multiple directions is possible in certain sectors only. However, indian air Force (iaF). the iaF will have to counterparts. Such operations can only be from which a platform can be attacked, the in the mountains also, innovative employ - play a dominant role in the destruction of achieved by the armour and other mecha - reliability of munitions and the reducing cost ment of armour, where terrain so allows, enemy mechanised and armoured forces on nised components of the army. to achieve the effect. the above threat is likely can result in gaining advantages which are the battlefield and therefore joint planning to test the ingenuity of an aFV designer if he out of proportion to the force employed. between the army and the air Force will be Characteristics of Tanks/Tank Warfare sets out to provide an all-inclusive counter. However, there is also a danger in overplaying Transformation of the Army Shock Effect: Currently, there is no method the threat to the aFV at present. the current recently, exercise Sudarshan Shakti was held by which an all arm force can surprise and analysis does not take into account the oppo - in the rajasthan desert. the aim it seems was The manoeuvre to dislo - paralyse an opponent and cause dislocation nents creative thinking and the fact that “a to test the transformational concepts of the on the ground without the use of armour. strong desire is the mother of all inventions”. indian army and integrated theatre concept cate the enemy, to get the modern armoured fighting vehicle is a experience with technology also warns us of operations was practised. military officers versatile and unique weapon system which against adopting any simple equation of mil - are aware that in any offensive operations behind him and to through innovative employment can itary superiority based on superior sensors planned on the subcontinent, the aims would demoralise him, so as to achieve a lethal effect on the battlefield and communications because all sensors either be to capture territory or destroy called “shock action”, which can help in have a problem of distinguishing energy enemy forces or a combination of both. any impose our will on him attaining strategic objectives most econom - received from targets with energy received territory captured across the international ically. Shock action results from a combina - from other sources and this provides an oppo - boundary would invariably have to be will continue to be an tion of mobility, armour protection, accurate nent with the opportunity to deceive, confuse returned, though it could temporarily be and direct firepower and excellent commu - and mislead. technology will, sooner or later, used for post-conflict bargaining. the terri - important role for nications, which constitute the basic char - provide counters to the types of sensors being tory captured across disputed border like the acteristics of an aFV. this quality of armour used currently. Some analysts point out that line of control, may be retained, though in armoured forces and also fulfills an important tenet of operational unmanned sensors can be blinded by lasers, the present global environment that too art called “operational shock”, a term while artillery and multiple rocket batteries t indirect firepower alone e would be unrealistic. Hence destruction of adopted from russian word “Udar”. used for deep attack can themselves be n . s forces would be a more important objective manoeuvre theory seeks to defeat enemy attacked by tactical ballistic missiles and pre - e will not be able to c

r which would have a long-term economic without destroying all his forces. operational cision munitions. attack aviation [attack hel - o f impact on the adversary. shock is the Soviet term for a state of disin - icopters] can be countered by well laid air d achieve this effect n tegration of resolve. operational shock defence ambushes while enemy air power can a l s Integrated Theatre Concept despite the advent of results from depriving commanders the abil - be countered by our own air power. in any p s

. For destruction of large armoured and ity to sense their environment or exercise case, no matter how good the sensor to w mechanised forces, battles will have to be precision munitions control over their tactical elements or both. shooter technology is, the ability of aFVs w

w planned and orchestrated according to an Both physical and cognitive means are used grouped together with the mechanised

2 SP’s LAND FORCES 1/2012 COVER STORY <<

The landmark event of the past two months has are still unfolding, in our neighbourhood, is the an emergency meeting of his Corps Commanders L been the Southern Command Exercise “Sudarshan impasse between the Pakistan Army Chief, the while the Pakistan Government summoned a spe - Shakti”, a joint exercise of Southern Army and South democratically elected Government of Prime Min - cial session of the Parliament. While many ana - A Western Air Command held in the Thar desert of ister Yousuf Raza Gilani, and Pakistan’s Supreme lysts have put their minds and their pens to work Rajasthan. The Exercise in December 2011 was wit - Court on the Memogate case. Pakistan Prime Min - on this issue, what seems certain is that these hap - I nessed by the Supreme Commander of Armed ister Gilani asserted in an interview to China’s Peo - penings promise to bring about a change in the Forces, the President of India, Pratibha Devisingh ple’s Daily that the Pakistan Army Chief and DG relations and equations between the Pakistan R Patil, who was accompanied by the Defence Minis - ISI had violated the ‘rules of business’ by sending Army and the democratically elected civilian gov - ter, A.K. Antony, the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) V.K. their replies as respondents in the Memogate case ernment in Pakistan on a more permanent basis to

O Singh, and selected Members of Parliament. While to the Supreme Court without routing these replies the advantage for the latter, a development, which it was ostensibly held to validate the operational pre - through the government channels as obliged to do would favour peace and stability in the region.

T paredness of the Southern Army in a tri-service so. Significantly, this assertion was made by the This issue carries articles on “Armour in Future environment, it was actually used to verify and vali - Pakistan Prime Minister while the Pakistan Army Conflicts”, “Agni Missile Programme”, “Social Net - I date the new concepts of the Indian Army, which Chief was visiting China. The Pakistan Army Chief working and Cyber Threats”, “Indian Army Moderni - revolve around network-centric operations, inte - through a note issued publicly by the military ISPR sation” and “Special Purpose Vehicles” among

D grated theatre battle and the transformational initia - asserted that the allegations made by Pakistan others. Happy reading! tives taken by the present COAS, who together with Prime Minister against the Pakistan Army Chief

E the Southern Army Commander, Lt General A.K. and DG ISI were “very serious’ and had “very seri - Singh, were the main architects of the transforma - ous ramifications with potentially grievous conse - tional study which aims at making the Army a more quences for the country”. The threat was obvious agile, versatile, lethal and networked force. Both considering the past history of Army takeovers in Generals are highly respected for their professional Pakistan. This led to the dismissal of the Pak integrity and competence in the Indian Army. Defence Secretary, Lt General (Retd) Khalid Another epoch making event whose contours Naeem Lodhi. As a result Pakistan Army Chief held Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor

PHOTOGRAPH : Israel Defence Force infantry and other combat elements to seize assisted by global positioning systems [GPS] Merkava Mark 4 tank and hold ground, to deny its use to the for an up to date “situational awareness”, an enemy and to secure it for use by own troops integrated command, control, communica - is currently indispensable. moreover, the tions, computers, information, intelligence manoeuvre to dislocate the enemy, to get (C4i2) system to view the entire battle space behind him and to demoralise him, so as to as one composite whole so as to deal with tar - impose our will on him will continue to be gets in a coordinated and coherent manner, an important role for armoured forces and and long-range precision firepower by the indirect firepower alone will not be able to most appropriate means (ground/air/naval) achieve this effect despite the advent of pre - or a combination thereof. cision munitions. integration of the fire power resources of troops on the ground with aFVs lend an the three services will ensure optimum effect unmistakable aspect of power to a situation on the target while the choice is left to the which cannot be fulfilled by stand-off integrated force commander to use the most engagements alone. even a militarily power - appropriate and the most effective weapons. ful nation like the US have learnt this lesson india lacks such technology and such capa - the hard way in afghanistan and iraq where bility currently. in fact, this technology is not operations are still continuing, many available in the South asian region. india months after the military campaign was would have to acquire and develop these won virtually against no opposition. technologies with assistance from its strate - in view of the above rationale, many gic partners. She would do well to invest in experts on tank designs are predicting that these technologies at the earliest so that we the prime characteristic of future aFVs may are ready for future wars when we are well be “survivability” to be able to transit required to fight them. through the battle zone unscathed. Focus on Protection and Survivability Effects Based Operations By virtue of their unique characteristics, india is likely to face more complex threats aFVs will remain the pivot around which and challenges in the future than ever before, battle groups are formed and arranged on but the content is likely to vary substantially ground. the focus of future tank designers and the circumstances are also likely to be may shift to protection and survivability as different and this is where the military compared to firepower and mobility and this dilemma arises—where, when, for what pur - may be achieved through a combination of pose and how will future wars be fought? in team along with the weapon systems of the significant role. employment of fully inte - technologies. While signature reduction to the absence of concrete information, the other two services in order to achieve opera - grated brigade and divisional sized task forces avoid detection is one possible area to answer lies in building capabilities and skills tional synergy against an opponent. Failure in the future would require, introduction of explore, once detected, the aFV will have to which can endow us with the potential of to realise this important wider context will three key technologies which are: intelligence, be equipped with active and passive means, achieving effects that we wish to impose on result in sub-optimisation of our fighting surveillance and reconnaissance (iSr) system including the destruction of the threat to the opponent on future battlefields. the west - capabilities. employment of aFVs as part of that will keep track of enemy and own forces avoid acquisition. if acquired, the aFV ern world calls it “effects based operations”. combined arms combat teams and groups movements through advanced sensors and would have to have a higher degree of Suitably designed aFVs, as a part of the com - could result in obtaining advantages which platforms like aircraft, UaVs and satellites responsiveness by resorting to hard and soft bined arms formations, will continue to play are disproportionately higher as compared kill mechanisms built into the vehicular sys - a dominant role in integrated air-land oper - to the effort employed. this requires “out of tem. there is also a school of thought which ations by virtue of their survivability, speed the box” thinking. advocates survivability of an aFV being and shock effect even in the future, in terrain India is facing an achieved through a collective system rather which favours their employment. in this New Technologies entirely new technology than being platform based, which could be regard it may be noted that apart from the the next important issue with regard to activated as per requirement. this could plains, riverine and desert terrain, even in the employment of armour is that of new tech - era and needs to inte - include unmanned platforms for high risk mountainous regions of our northern and nologies. there is no doubt that technology functions such as reconnaissance. western borders, there is some scope for will play a predominant role in designing the grate new technologies employing aFVs innovatively and skillfully conduct of future wars and should be com - Enduring Changes both along the “line of control” and the “line bined with innovative operational art, to win as warfighting systems in conclusion, it can be stated that the aFVs of actual control”. these wars. india is facing an entirely new will endure the changes in the nature of technology era and needs to integrate new for which the requirement future wars. However, they must not be seen Part of a Combined Arms Team technologies as warfighting systems for in isolation as stand-alone weapon systems, many professionals who have a fetish for which the requirement is to first decide upon is to first decide upon a but as part of an all arms group enabling attritional aspects of warfare generally fail a new joint warfighting doctrine and then new joint warfighting and sustaining decisive manoeuvre and high to appreciate the unique qualities of aFVs evolve weapons and other systems to suit the intensity battle at close quarters through which endow a commander with the ability former. Large sized holding and strike forma - doctrine and then evolve superior survivability against precision to win battles against many odds. of course, tions of the indian army, whose roles are a attacks and dumb munitions. aFVs cannot function in isolation. any sys - product of an environment which is fading weapons and other sys - tem whether it operates on land, sea or air away, will have to give way to smaller, more The author is former Commandant of the Army must be integrated with other systems agile, more responsive and rapidly deployable tems to suit the former War College who has commanded an independ - within a service to form a Combined arms formations in which armour will play a very ent armoured brigade and armoured division

1/2012 SP’s LAND FORCES 3 >> SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES Wide-ranging Vehicles for Diverse Roles Currently, the Indian Army is looking for multi-purpose vehicles (MPVs), light bullet proof vehicles (Lt BPVs), light strike vehicles (LSVs) for the infantry battalions for its various roles in external and internal security duties and reconnaissance vehicles for the armoured and mechanised units and NBC units

PHOTOGRAPH : AM General n LT GENERAL (RETD) V.K. KAPOOR AM General’s Humvee There are at least or indian armY, tHe term spe - 17 variants of the cial vehicle has a number of conno - tations and therefore there are a HMMWV in service large variety of vehicles which fall under this term. they range from with the United States tFhe heavy vehicles category like the tank transporters which are meant to transport armed forces 40 to 60 tonne tanks mounted on trailers towed by more powerful high mobility vehi - cles to high mobility trucks required to carry service worldwide. heavy logistic loads like fuel oil and lubri - multi-role vehicles were developed to cants (FoL) and tank, artillery and air counter the evolving threat. the multi-role defence ammunition, when moving across vehicle range encompasses 4x4 personnel country, away from metalled roads, behind carrier and patrol vehicles which combine strike formations, in offensive operations. exceptional mobility, agility and terrain the latter (special logistic vehicles) cater to accessibility with high levels of protection all types of logistic loads to enable the strike against both ballistic and mine attack. they formations to have a “self-contained capabil - are equally effective in both peacekeeping ity” for a limited period of time during which and counterinsurgency missions. period the combat engineers are expected to Light multi-role vehicle (LmV) is a pur - lay “tracks” in the area overrun by the pose built military vehicle which nonetheless attacking formations to establish their nor - benefits from the use of many commercial mal daily replenishment schedule. thus the Humvee conventional automobiles, but are inboard, components. rugged and highly mobile, it is concerned formations establish their daily the high mobility multipurpose wheeled attached to the outside of each differential. designed as a chassis cab which permits the replenishment schedule through a supply vehicle (HmmWV), better known as the the front and rear differentials are torsion installation of many different modules chain management established by the Humvee, is a military 4x4 (wheel drive) type, and the centre differential is a regular, including a cargo platform, an ambulance administrative staff of the higher formation. motor vehicle manufactured by am General. lockable type. there are at least 17 variants and a weapon carrier. anti-mine protection the replenishment vehicles which move on it has largely taken over the roles formerly of the HmmWV in service with the United has also been given a high priority, with the tracks made by the engineers are based on served by smaller Jeeps. it is extensively used States armed forces. HmmWVs serve as over-riding aim being to ensure the survival normal trucks which may be termed as by the United States armed Forces and now cargo/troop carriers, automatic weapons of the crew. Since LmV’s first deployment to heavy or medium depending mainly upon it is also used by a large number of other platforms, ambulances (four litter patients or afghanistan, iVeCo’s integrated solution their load carrying capability. the medium countries and organisations. its civilian eight ambulatory patients), toW missile has ensured the survival of all of its occu - category is used as ambulances for trans - adaptations (Hummer series of vehicles) carriers, howitzer prime movers, avenger pants whenever the vehicle has been portation of troops, or even mounting of have also become quite popular. the Hum - pedestal mounted stinger platforms, direct attacked. the LmV was selected for frontline heavier weapons, etc. these types of vehi - mer series was also inspired by the air support vehicles, shelter carriers, and duties by the armies of italy (1,260 units), cles are available in the market except that HmmWVs. the Humvee uses independent other roles. the HmmWV is capable of ford - UK (401 units), Spain (120 units), norway the ones used by the army are specially suspensions and portal geared hubs similar ing 2.5 ft (76 cm) normally, or 5 ft (1.5 m) (60 units), Belgium (440 units), Croatia (10 modified according to the service require - to portal axles, which ensures 16 inches of with the deep-water fording kits installed. units), the Czech republic (21 units), and ment and all are invariably 4x4 wheeled ground clearance. the vehicle also has disc optional equipment includes a winch most recently austria (150 units). drive with a better capability to travel across brakes on all four wheels, and four-wheel (maximum load capacity 2,700 kg) and sup - the country, away from metal roads. double-wishbone suspension. the brake plemental armour. the m1025/m1026 and General Dynamics another category of heavy vehicles are the discs are not mounted at the wheels as on m1043/m1044 armament carriers provide General dynamics Land Systems (GdLS) heavy recovery vehicles of the electrical and mounting and firing capabilities for the Stryker introduced in 2000 is a eight- mechanical engineers (eme) for recovering m134 minimum, the mk 19 grenade wheeled, medium-weight vehicle which has tanks, infantry combat vehicles, missile launcher, the m2 heavy machine gun, the lived up to its name by saving countless num - vehicles, command post vehicles, and other Special purpose vehicles m240G/B machine gun and m249 LmG. bers of war fighters. Stryker now has a new heavy vehicles which break down or get the m1114 "up-armoured" HmmWV, intro - version, the double-V Hull. the Stryker vehi - stuck in mud or sand. range from the heavy duced in 2004, also features a similar cle can reach speeds of more than 100 kmph weapons mount. in addition, some m1114 and handle any type of terrain. it also has 10 Light and Medium Category Vehicles vehicles category like and m1116 up-armoured and m1117 different configurations and 85 per cent com - in the light and medium vehicles category armoured security vehicle models feature a monality across the entire fleet. are also included vehicles which are used for the tank transporters to common remotely operated weapon station the General dynamics light armoured transportation of limited number of troops, (CroWS), which allows the gunner to oper - vehicle (LaV) platform has built a reputation liaison of commanders, radio fitted vehicles high mobility trucks ate from inside the vehicle, and/or the for mission-ready vehicles. With over 9,000 of commanders at various levels, for mount - required to carry heavy Boomerang anti-sniper detection system. LaV deployed around the world, GdLS offers ing of heavy weapons, movement of recon - recent improvements have also led to the militaries the most advanced technologies naissance teams for reconnaissance of logistic loads like fuel oil development of the m1151 model, which is combined with combat-proven survivability. terrain and obstacle systems and for special quickly rendering the previous models obso - LaVs give soldiers enhanced mobility, purposes such as nuclear, biological and and lubricants and tank, lete. By replacing the m1114, m1116, and increased firepower and superior protection chemical (nBC) reconnaissance. all these earlier armoured HmmWV types with a sin - to meet the demands of the 21st century. types of vehicles have the same chassis but artillery and air defence gle model, the US army hopes for lower GdLS, mine resistant ambush protected are modified for their specific role. Currently, maintenance costs. (mraP) family of vehicles includes the Buf - the indian army is looking for multi-purpose ammunition, when falo, Cougar and its variants, and other spe - vehicles (mPVs), light bullet proof vehicles IVECO Defence Vehicles ciality vehicles, which are at the forefront of t moving across country, e (Lt BPVs), light strike vehicles (LSVs) for the Based in Bolzano, northern italy, iVeCo blast- and ballistic-protected technology. n . s infantry battalions for its various roles in defence Vehicles are well-known for their these vehicles perform in the field because e away from metalled c

r external and internal security duties and ability to apply advanced automotive inno - they are first rigorously tested at Land Sys - o f reconnaissance vehicles for the armoured vations and leading edge protection solu - tems' research centre for blast technology d roads, behind strike n and mechanised units and nBC units. tions to practical and purpose-built designs, and the counter improvised explosive device a l s this article gives a few examples of high formations, in offensive resulting in a full range of military trucks, (ied) centre. the vehicles are designed p s

. mobility multipurpose (wheeled) vehicles armoured vehicles, protected and multi- specifically for domestic and international w available in the market which can be put to operations role vehicles. at present it is estimated that w

w use in the above roles. over 30,000 iVeCo vehicles are in military Continued on page 6

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PHOTOGRAPH : AM General n SP’S CORRESPONDENT am General’s entrance into the right hand marketplace demonstrates the com - m GeneraL iS introdUCinG mitment and engineering excellence the new right hand drive m1165 required to exceed the expectations of new HmmWV at the Singapore air international customers. Show to be held from February With over 70 countries that require right 14 to19, 2012. hand drive such as Singapore, indonesia, Athe right hand drive high mobility malaysia, india and the United Kingdom, the multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HmmWV) right hand drive HmmWV is the perfect solu - boasts the same unsurpassed performance, tion for fighting forces that demand an adapt - mobility, versatility and reliability that able, versatile and affordable light tactical have made the HmmWV family of vehicles vehicle. “With over 2,80,000 HmmWVs in the workhorse of military forces around service worldwide, the logistical benefits the world. to ensure that all customers are of the right hand drive HmmWV are provided the same opportunity to mod - unequalled to any other light tactical vehicle ernise their fleets, the right hand drive available today,” said alpaugh. “We continue HmmWV will be available through both to provide driver and vehicle training, field foreign military sales (FmS) and direct mil - service representatives, technical support itary sales (dCS). and service parts around the globe for the “We studied the right hand drive market HmmWV and other military wheeled, and realised that there is no other light tac - tracked and support vehicles.” tical vehicle available that can compete with am General has delivered more than the HmmWV,” said rick alpaugh, Vice Pres - 2,80,000 HmmWVs worldwide including ident, international Sales, am General. “We 40,000 for more than 50 different interna - worked very closely with our design, engi - tional military customers. in addition, am neering and production teams to ensure that General provides contract vehicle assembly, the right hand drive HmmWV meets the global vehicle and driver training, complete same high quality standards as the left hand logistics support, spare parts and field-ser - drive HmmWVs in use with the US military.” vice representatives.

Continued from page 4 PHOTOGRAPHS : US Army, Wikipedia military customers and protect their occu - up to 4,000 m above sea level and is capable pants from land mines, hostile fire and ieds, of negotiating a mountain pass of up to commonly identified as roadside bombs. or 4,650 m high. it is an 8x8 wheeled drive. the 40 mm automatic grenade launcher. truck is designed around a four axle all- duro is a high-mobility military tactical wheel-drive configuration with a single-tyre vehicle developed by General dynamics euro - wheel arrangement. the first and second axle pean Land Systems-mowag in Switzerland. wheels are steerable. the cab is arranged over the duro (durable and robust) multi-purpose the engine and provided with a mechanically- vehicle was developed for the Swiss army by operated cab tilting mechanism. Bucher-Guyer in 1994. mowag, owned by General dynamics, acquired the rights to the Mungo 2 vehicle from Bucher-Guyer in 2002. Krauss-maffei Wegmann (KmW), europe´s market leader for highly protected wheeled Rheinmetall Yak and tracked vehicles, has received an order the Yak is an armoured and mine-protected from the German army for the assembly and multi-purpose transport vehicle, developed delivery of 31 further mUnGo 2 multi-pur - by rheinmetall as a private venture. it is pose vehicles for the Special operations divi - based on the Swiss mowag duro iiiP chas - sion (dSo). the first three pre-series sis. the rheinmetall YaK is a highly mobile prototypes were delivered and qualified tech - vehicle, specially developed for military nically and tactically in an operational test. requirements. it is co-produced with the delivery of another 31 vehicles will be mowag. German army uses this versatile completed until 2013. as all other vehicles vehicle as a mobile ambulance and mobile General Dynamics Stryker DHV of the mungo family of air-portable vehicles, command post for its military police, explo - with its small size and low overall weight the sive ordnance disposal teams. Bundeswehr mungo 2 multi-purpose vehicle was specifi - plans to obtain a total of 296 of these vehi - cally developed for transportation on a CH- cles by 2012. the rheinmetall Yak is based Norwegian Iveco LMV 53 transport helicopter. With its universal on two fixed components, chassis with the hydraulics and transport system, this multi- cab and interchangeable modular shelter. it purpose version is particularly suitable for can be quickly modified to suit wide variety the mission-specific transport of munitions, of missions. fuel, maintenance and nBC decontamina - the vehicle has a payload capacity of tion equipment. a quick-change system for 5,500 kg. it is used to transport troops, cargo front mounting implements additionally or materials. depending on the configura - enables the deployment of engineering sys - tion, it can carry up to 12 soldiers. the vehi - tems. With a payload of up to 1.5 tonnes, the cle can be fitted with a roof-mounted mungo 2 multi-purpose vehicle can addi - remotely controlled weapon station, armed tionally transport supply or armament in with 7.62-machine gun or 40-mm auto - trailer operations. tailored specifically to the matic grenade launcher. requirements of highly-mobile air-portable forces and built on the system criteria of the URAL-532301 Multi-purpose mungo-family, the mungo 2 multi-purpose t e Army Truck vehicle additionally convinces through a n . s this russian truck is intended to mount chassis optimised in continuous improve - e c

r weapons and military equipment, used to tow ment for special missions, for example in o f truck artillery gun systems, can be attached afghanistan. in addition, the vehicle is per - d n to special and transport trailers and carry per - fectly protected against ballistic, mine and a l s sonnel and military cargoes on all types of ied threats. Fully armoured and separated p s

. roads and terrain. the truck can operate at from the chassis, the floor along with a w an ambient air temperature ranging from safety cell provides maximum protection for w

w +50 to -50 degree Celsius and an altitude of the two-headed crew.

6 SP’s LAND FORCES 1/2012 INDUSTRY / INTERVIEW << ‘We feel we’re a trusted partner to India’

Prior to Singapore Air Show and Defexpo 2012, SP’s Land Forces caught up with William L. Blair , President of Raytheon India. Excerpts of the interview covering his thoughts about the shows and what these mean for India.

SP’s Land Forces (SP’s): What does the com - Blair : Well, one example that comes to mind platforms enable us to create the right solu - semi-submersible crafts that pose a signifi - pany plan for the Singapore Air Show? is our intelligence, surveillance and recon - tions for mission needs while providing a cant threat to the US homeland security. at William Blair (Blair) : We’ll be showcasing naissance (iSr) technology solutions. the clear path for future upgrades as needed. raytheon, we’re ready to bring this capabil - many of our core military technologies. as capabilities we offer to our customers are ity to india where maritime and coastal sur - it is an air show, we’ll be focusing on our air- very relevant to the broader asian region SP’s: What are some other technologies you veillance are of paramount importance. this launched weapons and our suite of and map directly to some of the pan regional will showcase at Singapore that would be of versatile airborne surveillance radar can advanced surveillance, sensors and radars. challenges all our customers face. For exam - interest to India? also be used for commercial and military But we’ll also have land-based technologies ple nearly 80 per cent of today’s global trade Blair : i talked about our air-launched applications, including customs drug as well. is transported in ships’ hulls and securing weapons portfolio of course, but we’ll also enforcement, border surveillance, exclusive maritime supply chains against disruption have a suite of land combat weapons, such economic zone (eeZ) monitoring, illegal traf - SP’s: What is the relevance of the Singapore presents an enormous challenge for the as the Javelin weapon system and man- fic monitoring, and oil spill detection. Air Show to India? globalised world. over 60,000 vessels transit portable Serpent launcher. We’ll also have Blair : if a delegation from india were to visit the Straits of malacca every year with much details on excalibur there, as well as a range SP’s: Does Raytheon view India as an impor - our stand at Singapore, they would find of the cargo aimed at meeting critical energy of sensors that focus on our maritime and tant market? many solutions that are relevant for india’s needs of asia-Pacific countries. littoral surveillance solutions, some already Blair : the term ‘market’ implies a strictly requirements. For example, we’ll display our raytheon is a world leader in addressing discussed here. additionally, we have a business arrangement. and with raytheon platform independent suite of air-launched a wide range of littoral and deep ocean number of other capabilities for interna - in india, you have a relationship that extends weapons which could go on either of the air - threats. the company’s maritime patrol air - tional customers from the most advanced well beyond a contract on a piece of paper. craft that are being considered for medium craft capabilities provide an integrated solu - electro-optical/infrared sensors to cutting raytheon has been in india for more than 60 multi-role combat aircraft (mmrCa). tion for enhanced situational awareness and edge radar surveillance technologies. Sur - years, and after that length of time, i think another example is some of the maritime mission effectiveness that addresses a wide veillance and sensor capabilities for india it’s safe to say we feel we’re a trusted partner surveillance technology we’ll have on dis - range of challenges customers currently face. include the aaS-44C (V) multi-spectral tar - to india. We’ve expanded our company’s play, which is highly relevant to a nation these include border security, maritime sur - geting systems for use on mH-60r and mH- footprint in india by moving our operations with thousands of kilometres of coastline. veillance, disaster relief, environmental mon - 60S helicopters and the aPY-10 and to a new, larger office in delhi and adding You could almost say Singapore will be a itoring and multiple military applications. SeaVue xmC surveillance radars. onboard more people to the team. additionally, in the sneak-preview for defexpo, with the main empowered with exportable signals the mH-60r helicopter, our airborne low past few years we’ve developed tie-ups with difference being that at Singapore we’ll be intelligence and unique tactical maritime frequency Sonar and mK 54 lightweight a variety of indian entities, to include somewhat broad-based as this show is technology, raytheon’s maritime patrol air - torpedo provide the sensor and weapon for defence public sector undertakings and pri - focused on all of asia, while at defexpo, craft capabilities are designed to meet the an anti-submarine warfare mission. the vate companies. We are in the process of we’re properly focused on the needs of our needs of civil and military customers in the mK54 is also deployable from the P8 Posei - finalising a number of additional arrange - indian partners. asia-Pacific region. don aircraft. ments. So, the answer to your question is, our maritime based reconnaissance, sur - the SeaVue radar family is known for its raytheon wants to build on and expand its SP’s: Can you give an example of what you’ll veillance and target acquisition capabilities, proven ability to detect small maritime ves - relationships in india, and be the trusted be offering that would be of interest to the versatile exportable sensor offerings and sels in high sea states, has been acknowl - partner of choice to both private industry Asian market? multi-int integration expertise for multiple edged for detecting stealthy self propelled and government.

Raytheon buoyant about Indian market In a press conference held in New Delhi, Raytheon officials demonstrated the company’s varied solutions on offer for the Indian Army

yeing for a greater pie of the growing indian defence the potential private industry partners, the officials said, replying to another query by Jayant Baranwal on market, the US defence company raytheon is in talks “raytheon is looking at small and medium enterprisses raytheon’s strength over its european and israeli competi - Ewith many indian public and private sector companies (Smes), defence public sector undertakings and big private tors in the indian army’s battlefield management system for possible partnerships in its various programmes—mis - sector companies as well. the indian private sector’s role in (BmS), the officials said that situational awareness is a cru - siles, network-centric systems, solutions for homeland and the civil domain is world class, but the tricky thing is to cial factor. “our potential digital radio capability without cyber security, coastal surveillance, etc. bring them into the defence sector. We need to fill in the GPS suits well with BmS. Lack of dependency on infrastruc - addressing a press conference ahead of the army day in gaps.” the company has already tied up with Precision elec - ture and greater situational awareness gives us an edge over new delhi, the company officials briefed the media about the tronics to jointly develop communication technologies for our competitors.” different programmes they have on offer for the indian army. military and civil use. With regard to the US Government’s limitations on the company is trying to broaden its footprint in india with William L. Blair, President, raytheon india, informed transfer of certain technologies to india, the company said the sale of its air-to-air Stringer, Javelin, excalibur, talon that the company has developed a vehicle-launched ver - that the company has had many successful transfer of tech - laser guided rocket, Serpent, etc., as well as its tactical radios sion of the Javelin anti-tank guided missile and is in talks nology (tot) programmes across the globe under the US for indian defence forces. raytheon’s air-to-air version of its with tata motors for developing it to meet the indian guidelines, and is optimistic about india as well. “in india, famous Stinger missile is a part of the weapons package with requirements. we need to prove by winning over some key programmes. the aH-64d Block iii apache Longbow proposed for the 22 Brad Barnard, Senior manager, international Business We know we need to indigenise, but we will do that with the attack helicopter deal of the indian air Force. and Strategy for raytheon missiles System (rmS) informed support of the US Government.” the officials though optimistic about partnerships with that the raytheon’s Serpent missile, which is ideal for the company is also in talks with indian companies for indian private sector for homeland and cyber security solu - india’s military and paramilitary requirements, will be possible partnership for excalibur, a precision-guided, long- tions, denied reports of raytheon’s much talked about part - demonstrated at defexpo 2012. He further informed that range artillery projectile. “We have identified the core capa - nership with reliance and termed it as a ‘rumour’. on being the rmS has responded to a request for information (rFi) bility in india and we hope to finalise the partnership soon,” asked by Jayant Baranwal, editor-in-Chief, SP’s Land Forces for 120mm mortar terminally guided munitions and is said Barnard. to elaborate on possible indian partnerships in india and looking for a potential partner in india. —Sucheta Das Mohapatra

1/2012 SP’s LAND FORCES 7 >> MODERNISATION Indian Army Modernisation – An Introspection The facade of the yearly refined DPP over the years has done little to accelerate modernisation. The gap between the Indian Army and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is widening alarmingly in favour of the latter. Faced with a two-front threat, India needs to accelerate the pace of modernisation of the Indian Army, duly prioritised and executed within laid down time frames.

PHOTOGRAPHS : SP Guide Pubns

n LT GENERAL (RETD) P.C. KATOCH T-90S Tank ing targets in near real time with enhanced ranges and lethality to achieve ascendancy iVen itS SiZe, HiStorY and over the enemy. the aim would be to employ ambitions, india will always overwhelming firepower/force at the point of march to the beat of its own decision. the backbone of such a structure drummer,” says ashley tellis. would be well-designed communication Very apt, but who is the drum - architecture at the national level with inte - mGer, what is his proficiency, and what is the grated networks which are integrated with quality of his drums? although Prime minis - the sensors for speedily transmitting fused ter manmohan Singh acknowledges that and integrated data through command and China is ahead of us in science and technol - control echelons enabling greater situational ogy; our defence modernisation is woefully awareness for commanders at all levels. lagging with inadequate budgetary alloca - tion, bureaucratic red-tapism, inadequate Modernisation Plans defence Procurement Policy (dPP), coupled the artillery modernisation plan amounting with the lack of strategic culture. Lack of to over `20,000 crore aimed at inducting focus on research and development (r&d) howitzers, but the last such induction was in has stifled defence indigenisation, as indica - 1987 (400 pieces Bofors guns). the ordnance tive with indian army, which is forced to even Factory Board (oFB) sat on the designs for 25 import assault rifles and carbines. indian years despite being coaxed by the indian army’s 600-odd modernisation schemes army. only recently they have agreed to pro - amounting to over `70,000 crore in the duce prototypes of 155mm/39 calibre and 45 eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) continue calibre. Since 1987, the 100mm and 122mm to be encumbered with bureaucratic procure - field guns of russian origin and the indige - ment processes. the facade of the yearly nously developed and manufactured 75/24 refined dPP over the years has done little to indian mountain Gun have become obsolete accelerate modernisation. the gap between Schilika AD Gun and the indian army still awaits procurement the indian army and the People’s Liberation of some 1,500 howitzers of 155mm, 52 cal - army (PLa) is widening alarmingly in favour ibre. of these, 400 are to be procured outright of the latter. Faced with a two-front threat, and 1,100 manufactured indigenously with india needs to accelerate the pace of moderni - transfer of technology (tot). request for pro - sation of the indian army, duly prioritised posal (rFP) for these guns was issued in early and executed within laid down time frames. 2011 and the evaluation process should be under way. additionally, 145 ultra light how - Threats and Challenges itzers were to be procured from the US Global and regional security concerns cou - through foreign military sales (FmS) route pled with growing internal security chal - from Bae Systems but are locked in legal com - lenges define india’s security environment. plications. the indian army also needs 120 the conventional threats from traditional tracked and 180 wheeled 155mm Howitzers adversaries colluding with each other, contin - for artillery divisions, of which there is no uing presence of terrorist, and the fundamen - news. one hundred and eight pieces of talist forces in its neighbourhood; has 130mm m46 russian medium guns have prompted india to carry out force accretion in been successfully “up-gunned” to 155mm order to maintain a high level of defence vig - particularly for mountains. We need improved domains throughout the spectrum of conflict. calibre with ordnance supplied by Soltam of ilance and preparedness. the recent anti- C4I2, surveillance equipment, more helicopters, additionally, india should have forces for low- israel, enhancing the range to 40 km with india coup in Bangladesh, which failed, ultra-light howitzers and lighter infantry intensity conflict operations (LiCo), power extended range ammunition. However, man - indicates how fragile peace across frontiers weapons and equipment.” projection and out of area contingencies ufacture of ammunition by iai (israel) is next to any neighbouring country is. devel - –Former CoaS General V.P. malik (ooaC). indian army would also need Special delayed as iai has been blacklisted. Counter- opments in afghanistan-Pakistan and Pak - on January 15, 2012 Forces for special operations and a nuanced bombardment (CB) capability is also being istan-China collusion have brought South internal security/counter-insurgency force upgraded, but at a slow pace. a minimum of asia to the centre stage of conventional and the emerging threats and challenges for LiCo through reengineering of its existing 40 to 50 weapon locating radars (WLrs) are sub-conventional conflict and instability. ter - mandate that india should be prepared to forces. nCW capable forces and command, required for effective CB, especially in the rorism, low intensity conflict motivated by fight hybrid wars in future which may involve control, communications, computers, intelli - plains, but only a dozen have been procured economic disparity, religious fundamental - the armed forces in simultaneously fighting gence, surveillance and reconnaissance so far. in addition to the 12 an-tPQ 37 Fire - ism, narcotics trade, threat of nuclear limited conventional conflicts on two fronts, (C4iSr) capabilities, will become a necessity finder WLrs acquired from raytheon, USa, weapons falling in wrong hands, etc, remain out of area operations, counter insurgency with enhanced situational awareness, capa - under a 2002 contract worth $200 million issues of concern in our region. Proxy war and counter proxy war operations in the bility of identifying, monitoring and destroy - (`1,000 crore), Bharat electronics Limited conducted by Pakistan and the various radi - domestic arena, low-intensity asymmetric (BeL) is reported to be assembling 28 WLrs. cal jehadi outfits promoted by them through wars, cyber wars, Un peacekeeping and these radars will be based on both indigenous terrorism continue unabated. China’s strat - peacemaking operations, etc. the internal sit - India faces a series of and imported components and are likely to be egy of encircling india through its neigh - uation is likely to get worse with tech savvy approved for introduction into service after bours and confining it within the terrorists even engaging in cyber, maritime, low intensity conflicts extensive trials that are ongoing. the radar is subcontinent is apparent and palpable apart chemical, biological and radiological terror - expected to match the capabilities of the Fire - from the outlandish claims to entire ism, egged on by China and Pakistan. the characterised by tribal, finder system and will have a detection range arunachal Pradesh. internally, india faces a indian army’s focus should be on a prepared - of about 40 km. t ethnic and left wing e series of low-intensity conflicts characterised ness profile and status which has rapid as for army air defence artillery mod - n . s by tribal, ethnic and left-wing movements and deployment Forces for defensive and offensive ernisation, the 40mm L/70 which is about e movements and ideolo - c

r ideologies. thus the security challenges fac - operations, smaller fully integrated Strike four decades old, needs immediate replace - o f ing india are varied and complex. Forces (integrated with air power and air ment. Considering the high costs of the new

d gies. Thus the security n assault formations) for the initial stages of weapon systems, indian army is going in for a l s Requirement offensive operations followed by larger “follow challenges facing India upgrades for L-70, ZU-23-2 twin gun, and p s

. “In the coming years, we need to build greater up” formations if the war lasts longer than ZSU-23-4 Schilka and is also looking for suc - w surveillance (satellites, aerial and ground-level), anticipated. Capabilities must be built to fully are varied and complex cessors to L-70 and the ZU-23-2. the succes - w

w night fighting and rapid deployment capabilities, exploit aerospace, cyber and electromagnetic sor to Schilka (ZSU-23-4) already exists in the

8 SP’s LAND FORCES 1/2012 MODERNISATION << form of tangushka, but in limited numbers. a request for information (rFi) has already been issued to find a replacement for Schilka. in missile systems, Kvadrat (medium-range) and oSa-aK (short-range) are also at the end of their life cycle. they were to be replaced by akash and trishul surface-to-air (Sam) mis - siles but since these defence research and development organisation (drdo) projects have been inordinately delayed, they will also require replacements through foreign pro - curement. the process for acquiring a succes - sor of oSa-aK in the form of quick reaction surface-to-air (Qr-Sam) is in progress. Simi - larly, the successor of Quadrat is to be a medium-range Sam (mr Sam). it is under - stood that a joint development programme of drdo with israel has been undertaken and when it fructifies, will meet the requirement of mr Sam for all three Services. two regi - ments of akash Sams are now being inducted for static missions of protecting vul - nerable areas (Vas) and vulnerable points (VPs). a vital weakness in the overall air defence matrix is the lack of a battlefield man - agement system which is also linked with the national air defence network. Bharat elec - tronics Limited has now undertaken the development of such a system. as part of armour modernisation, of the 124 such tanks ordered earlier, two regiments have been equipped with arjun main battle tanks (mBt). additional 124 arjun mark ii tanks (with upgraded capabilities of firepower, mobility and protection) have now been ordered for another two regiments for delivery by 2013. earlier 310 x t-90 tanks had been ordered from russia, of which 124 fully assembled tanks were directly imported from russia and 186 kits were imported for assem - bly in india. the first indigenously assembled t-90S rolled out from the Heavy Vehicles Fac - tory (HVF) in avadi in January 2004. addi - tional 347 x t-90S tanks have been inducted into service which brings the total to 647 x t- 90S tanks. defects in fire control systems of t- 90S tanks due to excessive heating of turrets during summer is being remedied through air conditioning. the programme for mod - ernising t-72 m1, ajeya, mBts remains unsatisfactory and has not progressed. around 1,700 t-72 m1s have been manufac - tured under licence at HVF, in avadi. the t- 72 m1 modernisation programme under Project rhino will extend the service life of the mBt by 20 years and enhance its accuracy with new fire control system (FCS) whose tri - als are under way. this will give night fighting capability through a thermal imager inte - WE’VE GOT YOU COVERED grated with the tank’s FCS. the 300 x t-72 tanks have been fitted with thermal imaging A WORLD OF ARMORED SOLUTIONS FROM A SINGLE SOURCE stand-alone sights (tiSaS) while 300 more are in pipeline, totalling to 600 tiSaS. How - At General Dynamics Land Systems, we’re committed to keeping our customers at the forefront ever, the overall night fighting capability of of worldwide armored force modernization programs. Our Stryker and LAV family of Light Armored our armour is grossly inadequate and opera - Vehicles, as well as our Abrams Main Battle Tanks, are constantly being improved and updated tionally unacceptable. modernisation of t-72 based on real world requirements from the soldiers and marines who operate and depend on them. is way behind schedule due to complicated Sustainability and maintainability are engineered into our vehicles from day one, offering our customers procurement procedures exacerbated by delayed decision-making and in-house dis - a lower life cycle cost and a product that will continue operating for 30 years or more with unmatched agreements. operational readiness. All available from a single source: General Dynamics Land Systems. in mechanised infantry modernisation, A world of choice. A single source. units have been equipped with the BmP-2 iCV and 81mm carrier mortar tracked vehi - cle (CmtV). a command post, an ambu - www.gdls.com lance, armoured dozer and engineer and reconnaissance vehicles have also been developed based on the BmP chassis. r&d for future iCV is currently being done aimed at indigenous manufacture. the SS-11 B1 atGm system has been replaced in missile battalions by miLan shoulder-fired anti- tank guided missiles (atGms). army aviation modernisation has been under way since its raising in 1986. Besides ‘Lancer’ helicopter, advanced light helicopter sible to provide necessary operational capabil - helicopters are planned for the iaF and 131 the Heckler & Koch G 36, assault rifle (Ger - (aLH) dhruv has been inducted into service. ity. Chetaks (aerospatiale Sa316 alouette iii) for the army. it is believed that the trials and man), Beretta 70/90 (italy), Sar 21 (Singa - the indian army has four squadrons of and Cheetahs (Se316B alouette ii) helicopters evaluation of these helicopters are completed pore), xm8 (USa), Steyer a3 (austria), tavor dhruv helicopters currently, which will have been in service of the nation for a long and finalisation of the deal is under way. tar 21, imi Galil 5.56 and 7.62 (israel), increase to eight in due course. Few more time. the vintage of the helicopters however as part of infantry modernisation, arsenal aK-74 (Bulgaria), Herstal F-2000 modernisation projects are in pipeline: the is posing increasing challenges for mainte - defence acquisition Council (daC) has (Belgium), and SiG SG 551(Switzerland) advanced light helicopter (aLH) weapon sys - nance of these machines. rFP for 197 recon - approved procurement of a new assault rifle among others. new bullet proof jackets, bal - tem integrated (WSi) and battlefield support naissance and surveillance helicopters was (5.56mm calibre) and a new generation car - helicopters need to be inducted as soon as pos - given about two years back. out of these, 66 bine. assault rifles under consideration are Continued on page 11

1/2012 SP’s LAND FORCES 9 >> MISSILES Indigenous Strategic and Tactical Missiles The Agni missile programme is a family of MRBM to ICBM ballistic missile systems developed by DRDO under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. The land version of the nuclear triad, the Agni series of ballistic missiles are a part of the “credible deterrence” against India’s potential adversaries.

PHOTOGRAPH : PIB n LT GENERAL (RETD) NARESH CHAND from testing iCBms and similar strategic Agni-III missile weapon systems.” He aGni SerieS oF missiles were part of the integrated Guided missile Agni-V development Programme (iGmdP), agni-V is a solid fuelled iCBm which has a which was an initiative of the min - planned range of 5,000 km and is currently istry of defence to indigenously under development. the tests are likely to dTevelop strategic and tactical missiles to meet start during the early part of this year. it has india’s requirements. the nodal agency for been designed by adding a third composite the programme was the defence research stage to the two-stage agni-iii missile and and development organisation (drdo) in composite material has been used extensively partnership with other indian Government to reduce its weight. agni-V would be canister labs and research centres. dr abdul Kalam, launched for ease of transportation and who later became the President of india, was launching. after the successful launch of one of the leading scientists of the iGmdP agni- iV, Saraswat had said that “agni-V mis - and later on oversaw the programme when sile is currently undergoing integration and he was advisor to the defence minister. the we may test fire it by the end of February next programme started in the early 1980s and year. it is right on schedule and the successful closed in 2008. However, work on certain test of agni-iV will prove to be a building missile systems is still on. iGmdP includes the block in the development of this missile.” following missile systems: l agni series of missiles to include ground Development in Other Countries based short-range ballistic missiles Pakistan has got Ghauri-iii (3,000- (SrBm), medium-range ballistic missiles a few more failed attempts, it retired in 1994. india’s potential adversaries. it has a warhead 3,500 km), north Korea has musudan (mrBm) and intercontinental ballistic although agni td did not succeed, it became of 1.5 tonnes. the circular error probable (3,200 km), iran has Shahab-5 (4,000+ km), missiles (iCBm) a base for subsequent development of agni (CeP) has been reported as of 40 m, which israel has Jericho iii (6,000 km) and China l Prithvi short-range surface-to-surface programme by providing critical technologies makes it one of the most accurate strategic has many including dF-3a, dF-4, dF-5 (CSS- missile system and design meant for long-range ballistic mis - ballistic missiles of its class. a lower CeP 4), dF-21, dF-31 and the dF-31a with a l akash and trishul surface-to-air missiles siles. these were than optimised and further makes the ballistic missile highly accurate and range of 200 to 5,000 kilometres. system ruggedised. other aspects like solid fuel chem - increases the kill efficiency of the weapon. the l nag missile anti-tank missile system istry, re-entry vehicle (rV) and avionics were implications are that nuclear warhead of a Credible Deterrence l astra missile air-to-air missile system also modernised. rV is made of a carbon-car - smaller yield can be more effective when fired the agni series of ballistic missiles are a part the iGmdP has many successes to its bon composite material that is light and able from agni-iii than a nuclear head of higher of the “credible deterrence” against india’s credit like the surface-to-surface missile sys - to sustain high re-entry thermal stresses in a yield due to greater accuracy of agni-iii. thus potential adversaries. india views its nuclear tem. akash is being inducted into the iaF. variety of scenarios. agni td programme india can deploy larger nuclear forces using weapons and long-range power projection army has also acquired it but for static role, helped in reducing the gestation period of lesser fissile/fusion material. programmes as the key to maintaining strate - trishul was not successful and was thus agni-ii development. agni-ii is a two stage Agni-IV : agni-iV was earlier known as gic stability in the asia-Pacific region. the foreclosed. iCBm which uses solid propellant, has a range agni ii prime and was tested on november successful launch of agni-iV signals to the of 2,000-2,500 km and the post boost vehicle 15, 2011. it has a range of 2,500-3,500 km world that india’s strategic missile pro - Agni Missile Programme (PBV) is integrated into the missile’s rV. the and bridges the gap between agni ii and gramme has matured to a point where it can the agni missile programme is a family of PBV is a complex, exoatmospheric manoeu - agni iii. agni iV is equipped with state-of- be deployed. indigenous ballistic missile capa - mrBm to iCBm ballistic missile systems vrable vehicle that is used to position and the-art technologies including indigenously bility has developed to a stage where it is now developed by drdo under the iGmdP. they deploy the rV, anti-ballistic missile counter - developed ring laser gyro and composite less vulnerable to technology denial regimes. are the land version of the nuclear triad. the measure packages and other associated rocket motor. it’s a two-stage missile pow - it is quite natural for China and Pakistan to family of agni missile includes: objects. the PBV contains guidance, control ered by solid propellant, with a warhead of raise their vociferous concerns. the Chief of l agni-i: an mrBm with a range of 700- and thruster hardware that allows it to reori - one tonne. it is designed to increase the kill the naval Staff, admiral nirmal Verma placed 1,200 km ent and move in 3d while it flies along its bal - efficiency along with a higher range per - india’s nuclear policy aptly when he stated on l agni-ii: an iCBm with a range of 2,000- listic arc. the agni-ii requires a preparation formance and can be fired from a road January 16, 2012, that the country will exer - 2,500 km time of only 15 minutes before launch as it is mobile launcher. a day after the successful cise the option of carrying out nuclear strikes l agni-iii: an iCBm with a range of 3,000 always in a ready-to-fire mode. the previous launch of agni-iV missile, drdo Chief V.K. if somebody does the “foolhardy” act of plus km generation of missiles required almost half a Saraswat stated that all the technologies attacking it with atomic weapons. “only this l agni-iV: an iCBm with a range of day of preparation before they could be and critical systems used in agni-iV worked (india using nuclear weapons) could happen, 3,200-3,700 km launched. the agni-iiat is a more advanced perfectly and hit the target. Scientists will when somebody who possesses nuclear l agni-V: an iCBm with a range of version of agni-ii which provides a better use the same package for launching agni- weapons does something as foolhardy as to 5,000 km range (under development) range and operating regime. the agni family V. He said agni-iV has propelled india into use them. that will be the only occasion when l agni-Vi: iCBm with a 10,000 km range of missiles uses a strap-down inertial naviga - the elite League of nations having similar our country would be involved in (its) utilisa - (under development) tion system (inS) for flight control and navi - class of missiles including the US, russia tion,” navy Chief said reporters in delhi. gation. necessary inertial sensors were and China. the indigenously developed admiral Verma was responding to a media Agni-I: in the backdrop of nuclear tests by indigenously developed for the purpose, technology produced by indian industry query on army Chief General V.K. Singh’s india and Pakistan in 1998 and the Kargil including laser rate gyros. an inS is a navi - included ring laser gyros for navigation and statement on January 15, 2012 that nuclear War, it was felt by the indian strategic plan - gation aid that uses a computer, motion sen - accuracy, composite rocket motor, high per - weapons are not for fighting war but to have ners that there is the requirement for a sors and rotation sensors to continuously formance onboard computer with distrib - a strategic capability. noting that india had a SrBm to fill the gap between Prithvi-ii’s calculate via dead reckoning the position, ori - uted avionics architecture and a full digital ‘no first use’ policy with regard to nuclear range of 250 km and agni-ii’s range of entation, and velocity of a moving object control system which controls and guides weapons, Verma said, “it means there will be 2,500 km. thus agni-i was born from agni without the need for external references. the missile during its flight. Highlighting the no occasion where we will use it (the ii with a range of 700-1,200 km, carries a Agni-III : agni iii uses solid propellant in importance of agni-iV test, Saraswat said, weapons) first.” He said this policy was a t e conventional payload of 1,000 kg or a both stages. agni-iii was tested on July 9, “this missile is lighter, more compact, diffi - “good one” and met all the requirements of n . s nuclear warhead, is single stage and is pow - 2006, and after the launch, it was reported cult to detect by radars and counter-ballistic the country. the command and control infra - e c

r ered by solid propellants. it was developed in that the second stage of the rocket did not sep - missile measures, and is world class. While structure is in place with the establishment of o f a record time of 15 months and first tested arate, and the missile had fallen well short of agni-ii is nearly 47 tonnes, agni-iV is 20 the Strategic Command in 2003 and all d n on January 25, 2002. its target. agni-iii was tested successfully on tonnes, thereby giving us more operational strategic assets are under it. However, the a l s Agni-II : agni td was a forerunner of april 12, 2007 and may 7, 2008. the suc - freedom. We are now manufacturing car - Cabinet Committee on Security is the only p s

. agni series of missiles. it was an irBm with a cessful tests validated the missile’s operational bon fibres, titanium, composite material and body authorised to order a nuclear strike w planned range of 1,200 km and had its first readiness. With a range of 3,500 km, it had a state-of-the-art navigation systems and no against another offending strike with the w

w launch during may 1992 which failed. after reach across most high-value targets of technology control regime can stop us now Prime minister’s finger on the firing button.

10 SP’s LAND FORCES 1/2012 MODERNISATION <<

Continued from page 9 listic helmets, and boots anti-mine are also being procured. additionally, man portable third generation anti-tank guided missiles (atGm), under barrel grenade launcher (UBGL), 60mm mortars, enhanced range 81mm mortars and thermal imaging night sights for assault rifles are being looked at. Bullet proof vehicles and shot guns are being procured for counterinsurgency operations. For rapid reaction capability, specialised items for the Ghatak (Commando) Platoons of infantry Battalions are being procured. mul- timode grenades have been indented with the ordnance Factory Board (oFB) while request for proposal (rFP) has been issued for ammu- nition of rocket Launcher mark iii. infantry is also being provided with multi-purpose vehicles (mPVs), light bullet proof vehicles (Lt BPVs), light strike vehicles (LSVs) and addi- tional snow mobiles. the future infantry sol- dier as a system (F-inSaS) is being initiated to make the infantryman a weapon platform with situational awareness, increased lethal- ity and sustainability in the digitised battle- field. But the infantry is planning to develop Phase iii of F-inSaS (computer sub-system, radio sub-system, software and software inte- gration) by themselves rather than being part of the battlefield management system (BmS) of the army, which amounts to re-inventing the wheel. at the forefront of capacity building in network-centric warfare (nCW) through information systems, the tactical command, control, communications and information (tac C3i) system under development with various sub-systems caters to aspects of auto-

Capabilities must be built to fully exploit aerospace, cyber and electromagnetic domains throughout the spectrum of conflict

mated command and control, decision sup- port, control of artillery fire, air defence, air space management, battlefield surveillance, battlefield management, etc. the tac C3i is expected to be fully operational in the latter half of this decade. the battlefield manage- ment system is already late, completion of which will overflow into the next decade. Communications modernisation is lag- ging behind. the tri-service defence com- munication network (dCn) is some years away. the tactical communication system (tCS) has been inordinately delayed and rFP for it is yet to be issued. the latter is also a setback to the required Corps level test beds for the tac C3i sub-systems. the Plan aren system is mostly outdated. the aSCon currently has limited capability to provide data links. the army intranet is not wholly secure and the army wide area net- work (aWan) caters only to text messaging PHOTOGRAPH: SP Guide Pubns albeit later versions are planned to also have Akash missile would be prudent to consolidate the existing voice and video capability. Special Forces battalions and fully equip Special Forces are force multipliers in them before adding any more. times of both war and peace. their tasking should include asymmetric warfare, uncon- Speed Up ventional/fourth generation warfare, special Way back in 1921, douhet had stated, “Vic- operations, reconnaissance, psychological tory will smile upon those who anticipate operations, counter proliferation and the changes in the character of war, not upon like, especially to control enemy fault lines. those who wait to adapt themselves after the equipping of Special Forces is lagging woe- changes occur.” Lack of recognising these fully. “Packaged equipping” of sub-units has changes, lack of strategic culture with mili- not taken off and critical equipment like tary outside the decision-making matrix, laser target designators is yet to be provi- inadequate procurement processes and lim- sioned. Combat military free-fall parachutes ited budgetary allocations, have all resulted in and oxygen equipment have been deficient inordinate delay of required modernisation. for almost 15 years. the army’s emphasis there is little option but to ensure accelerated has been on quantity rather than quality modernisation, optimising new technologies with the eighth such unit already raised. it before we are kicked into realisation.

1/2012 SP’s LAND FORCES 11 >> CYBER SECURITY Social Networking and Cyber Threats Cyber crime has shifted from simple scams including phishing, spoofing, worms and viruses to more sophisti - cated attacks shutting down network servers and cloud-based systems affecting companies and individuals. Social networking sites are fertile grounds for breeding cyber crime.

n LT GENERAL (RETD) P.C. KATOCH smartphone users may triple by the end of growth of their popularity also has come popular social networking sites. the victims this decade, they make an attractive target for equally large amount of malware. Short - are easily tricked into injecting malware and He BiGGeSt inFormation SeCU - cyber criminals. it is easier for them to launch ened UrLs are the main technique used in phishing. abbreviated UrLs are the attack ritY threats today is attacks on per - attacks, sabotage and take control of your attacking social networking sites and it is method to innocently share link to an e-mail vasive devices, social networking critical data, communication devices and extremely difficult to identify the source of or webpage. mass distributed attacks are and physical systems related to computers. With extensive implementation of such attack as millions of people are logged achieved by logging onto a compromised information exchange with accred - devices like iPhones and iPads, new malware onto the same website. Shortened UrLs are account on the social networking site by Tited cyber security issues. more than 150 attacks are likely to affect smart phones, used to leverage news feed capabilities of posting the short UrL linked to a malicious social media sites are in vogue today. Such VoiP/mac, social media and even adobe’s website. thousands of unsuspecting victims threats have become more acute due to acrobat reader. get infected in a matter of minutes as the sophistication of botnets and their commer - social networking site automatically distrib - cialisation for committing cyber crimes to Dangers of Social Networking With extensive imple - utes this link to the victims’ friends in a mul - gain fiscal and other advantage. Globally, 95 Social networking sites provide organisa - tiplying spiral. all that the attacker has to per cent of spam is being generated by botnets tions with a mechanism for marketing mentation of devices like do is to log on to a compromised social net - and millions of computers are attacked via online but they can also lead to serious con - working account and post a shortened link social networking sites where cyber defence is sequences. Cyber criminals exploit the iPhones and iPads, new to a malicious website in the status area of weak. mobile phone users are estimated to be increased corporate use of cloud comput - the intended victim. though shortened three times in number to daily internet users ing, social networking, and use of macs and malware attacks are UrLs are not the only method to effect mali - numbering over 1.5 billion. Bulks of both smartphones for remote access. Cyber crime likely to affect smart cious links in news feeds, they definitely are these categories are hooked to social network - has shifted from simple scams including the primary method of attack and responsi - ing sites. You step out of the house and you phishing, spoofing, worms and viruses to phones, VoIP/Mac, ble for bulk successes. find any number of people texting their smart more sophisticated attacks shutting down recent times have seen dramatic phones on Facebook, tweeting on twitter or network servers and cloud-based systems social media and even increases in frequency and sophistication of using other networking sites. most smart - affecting companies and individuals. Social targeted attacks on enterprises. most social phones have increasingly attractive third networking sites are fertile grounds for Adobe’s Acrobat Reader networking sites are being used as attack dis - party applications. While the number of breeding cyber crime. With the incredible tribution platforms. Vulnerabilities of Java

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12 SP’s LAND FORCES 1/2012 CYBER SECURITY << together with more sophisticated attack/ malware should be countered with the use of avenues for malwares and different forms of infection tactics are being exploited to Protection of one’s iden - scalable, transparent and automated analysis cyber attacks. millions of accounts currently ingress traditional computer systems. only system to obtain actionable malware intelli - exist on social networking sites, Facebook a single negligent user or unpatched com - tity has become crucial, gence and leverage the intelligence in mean - and twitter together accounting for some puter is enough to give attackers access into ingful ways. as usage of social networks 700 million accounts. Cyber criminals take an organisation from which to mount addi - for which, social media increases, consumers and businesses are advantage of this medium and are launching tional attacks on the enterprise from within. advised to be extra cautious as malicious code hundreds of attacks on a daily basis. Such as a popular cross-browser, multi-platform identity protection that targets mobile devices and uses social attacks are consistent and happen around technology, Java is an appealing target for networking sites to propagate is becoming a the clock. many fictitious accounts exist on attackers. Wide availability of attack toolkits services are available significant concern. organisations need to these websites. trust-based relationships that and software programmes that can even be give more attention to mobile security specif - access social-networking tools continue to used by novices to facilitate launch of wide - cise caution and not let your guard down. the ically when employees are outside the range infect corporate networks. attack tools that spread attacks on networked computers, has users need to be as skeptical on their phones of workplace safeguards. networks must be exploit Java have proliferated. the Phoenix made the threat more complex. Phoenix as they are on their computers—not giving protected from mobile attacks via cloud-based toolkit was responsible for the most web- toolkit that exploits Java vulnerabilities was away sensitive information to callers, being security services. as for utilities, they must based attack activity in 2010. Cyber crimi - responsible for most web-based attacks dur - selective about which emails and text mes - focus on end-to-end security from plant gen - nals are also exploiting cloud computing. as ing the last year. in fact, two-thirds of web- sages they open, and about which applica - eration to the point of consumption in order per an estimate, attacks against virtualised based threat activity observed by Symantec tions they install on their phones. in addition to deflect vector attacks. Basic internal secu - and cloud-based solutions increased, from during 2010 was attributed to attack toolk - to not trusting unknown users or suspicious rity governance around the use of these sys - four per cent in 2009 to 45 per cent in 2010. its. more and more cases of identities being links on social networking sites, protection tems is essential. Common sense, caution and use of available wiped out from social networking sites and must be ensured by using services like UrL fil - automated protection measures are must. even being taken over by someone else are tering, malicious JavaScript detection and Preventive Measures Protection of one’s identity has become cru - coming to light. this is no more a matter of UrL reputation services. available forms of the emergence of social media and prolifer - cial, for which, social media identity protec - fiction and yesteryear movies. theft of a sin - protection must be exploited. explosion of ation of mobile devices have provided new tion services are available. gle identity in a social networking site can cause considerable damage to both the indi - vidual and the organisation. e-commerce too is being exploited by cyber attackers while users order goods online and request parcel delivery. in case of social networking sites, the users generally have their guard INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION down and do not suspect the attack since the attacker attacks you through ‘your friend’. Cyber criminals now have automated tools capable of releasing very large volumes of malware with sophisticated features and extreme varieties. Smartphones are the lap - tops of tomorrow. as per estimates, about four to five billion smart phones maybe in use by 2020. today’s smartphones offer as many gateways for attack as the desk top computer. mobiles are threatening the enter - prise today in a big way as their application stores become vast malware delivery systems when exploited by cyber criminals. 2012 Terrorism and Social Networking the terrorists are increasingly using social networking sites to gather information and recruit people to join their cause. these social networks enable terrorist organisa - tions to get personal with users, psychologi - cally work on those inclined to the cause, and brainwash the educated and even afflu - ent ones. Profiling of intended victims is LAND being done by fooling them into accepting communication, even them luring into believing that they will discover who is secretly viewing their profile. messages are sent from other social network users who DEFENCE & SECURITY have already fallen into the trap of clicking on the link and following the scammers’ instructions. Children are more prone to fall into the trap and since they share social net - working platforms and web pages with their friends and relatives, terrorists, scamsters and cyber attackers have a field day. Global terrorist organisations are able to recruit Join the Global Business thousands of future terrorists in a matter of months through these social networking sites and it is well nigh impossible for govern - The most important and most comprehensive Land ments to keep tag of millions/millions of Defence and Security event of year 2012. The best daily users including those using smart opportunity to enter worldwide markets and to meet phones. it is also not possible for any govern - all the world actors in the domain ment to curb such communication or invade the privacy of individual users. While the Global War on terrorism (GWot) has been on for a couple of years with patchy success, it has really not helped reduce radicalisation. Cyberspace and in particular social network - ing has increased the pace of radicalisation especially since no Global War on Cyber ter - rorism (GWoCt) has been declared and not even international norms for cyberspace have been defined and affected. therefore, one can be sure of rapid spread of radicali - sation resulting in expanding terrorism and cyber terrorism unless ways are found to Under the patronage of Presided over by monitor the bad guys, stop radicalisation 11 - 15 JUNE 2012 / PARIS and deal with them before they strike. www.eurosatory.com What to Do First and foremost is the requirement to exer -

1/2012 SP’s LAND FORCES 13 News in Brief

AGNI-V DEBUT TEST IN 2 MONTHS Concurrently, a month after kick-starting the ZU-23-mm-2B upgrade effort, the army also announced that it was in the market to identify the successors to the ZU-23 as well as india’s most ambitious weapon, the 5,500 km range the Swedish Bofors L-70 anti-aircraft autocannon. a recent internal assessment pegged agni-V ballistic missile will undergo its much awaited the level of obsolescence in the corps at a worrying 70 per cent, unacceptable for such a first test in the next two months. the missile, which was crucial combat arm. scheduled for a debut test-firing in the december-Janu - the Corps is also preparing to receive a slew of new missile systems, including two regi - ary window, is being prepared for its first test around ments of the indigenous akash Sam, quick reaction Sams and man-portable air defence end-march. For telemetry and other reasons, the team systems to replace the in-service igla. the Corp's Shilka anti-aircraft vehicles are also to be has decided to hold off for better weather. the 22-metre upgraded. in tandem, the Corps also stands to receive new sensors in the form of 3d radars, long missile, which weights a whole tonne more than easily transportable low-level radars and specially configured radars for high altitude areas. the agni-iii (owing to an additional stage), is capable of delivering a nuclear warhead to any part of China. though below the accepted range of intercontinen - ARMY INDUCTS DAKSH ROBOTS tal ballistic missiles (iCBms), the team has built the missile with maximum specifications impressed with the capabilities of india's first robotic weapon required by the country’s strategic doctrine and nuclear command. Sporting a brand new system, the daksh roV, the indian army has decided to obtain all-composite rocket motor and advanced navigation systems, the agni-V will be among 100 more, over and above the 20 that it began to take deliver - the most accurate ballistic missiles ever built. once the missile’s test schedule begins, it will ies in december. the fully indigenous robot, developed by have the capability to deploy multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (mirVs), drdo's research & development establishment (engineers) giving it much greater strategic flexibility. the missile will be road-mobile. in Pune is capable of handling and defusing improvised explo - the drdo is keen to capitalise on the “feel good” cheer following the successful novem - sive devices, keeping human operators well out of the poten - ber 2011 test of the agni-iV advanced ballistic missile. tial blast radius. Considering the number of casualties and injuries the army and paramilitary forces have faced with 19 YEARS OF CORPS OF ARMY AIR DEFENCE mines and ieds in different conflict theatres of the country, the daksh has come along as a the Corps of army air defence (aad) celebrated its valuable asset. impressed with capabilities demonstrated during the trials, the army had 19th anniversary on January 10. the Corps, which has ordered 20 daksh roVs in September 2010, and has now said it will need at least 100 more. sadly been in a state of chronic neglect, is finally on the the r&de lab is also building robotic vehicles for other roles, including urban warfare, threshold of deep transformation, both in terms of doc - counter-insurgency and precision engagement during firefights. Sources in the army reveal trine and equipment. that similar products built by firms in the US and israel cost as much as six times more than Starting at the bottom, its oldest equipment, the the daksh, with very comparable capabilities. the bomb-defusing robot, made famous by the Soviet-era ZU-23-mm guns are currently being consid - opening scene of Hollywood blockbuster The Hurt Locker are now standard assets in iraq and ered for an upgrade, following a decision taken by the afghanistan, and are likely to be employed in insurgency theatres worldwide. army in december 2009. the guns, which began induc - in india, they will be deployed in Jammu & Kashmir first, but also find use in the northeast tions over three decades ago, are intended to be mated with a new electro-optical fire control and in anti-maoist operations. robots are also being built for patrol and surveillance, intelli - system, electro-mechanical gun drives and new power supply for all the gun's systems. the gence gathering, decoys and a tank-sized robotic vehicle for battlefield search and rescue. effort is proving to be a challenge considering how old the guns actually are. –SP’s Special Correspondent

DELAY IN SURVEILLANCE SATELLITES cises, mostly focusing on counter-insurgency squadron in the aviation brigade will per - tent shift quality, increased power train dura - the satellite requirements of the indian and anti-terrorism manoeuvres, will help in form the most important task of providing bility, and more efficient vehicle operation armed forces are being met from the existing honing the skills of indian and other friendly air support to the advancing battle tanks. leading to greater fuel efficiency. satellites. Steps have also been taken for pro - troops in different scenarios, and improve the current terrain conditions are such that vision of dedicated satellite facilities for the their interoperability, as required under the closely integrated aerial support is essential GD TO SUPPLY GAU-19/B GATLING armed forces. an integrated Space Cell (iSC) United nations’ multinational joint military for effective mechanised operations on the GUNS FOR US ARMY under Headquarters integrated defence efforts for world peace. among the first exer - future battlefield. Staff (HQ idS) has been constituted in cises this year will be with Singapore at the indian army has indicated that a august 2009. the iSC is coordinating action Babina in Uttar Pradesh, close to Jhansi, this fresh approach to aerial support on the future for acquiring the requisite space capabilities. march. during the india-Singapore exercise, battlefield is long overdue. as of now, indian Government has mechanisms in place to both sides will pit their mechanised forces and army does not have its own attack helicop - effectively exploit space resources for the tanks in battle with the terrorists in an urban ters. Hence, the task of providing air-support defence and security of the country. scenario. the exercise is likely to be called to advancing troops is performed by attack “Bold Kurukshetra”. indian army’s counter- helicopters of the indian air Force. in order ULTRA LIGHT HOWITZER GUNS FOR insurgency skills are much sought after by to achieve integrated aerial support, the ARMY global powers due to the five-decade experi - indian army has to deploy attack choppers of Ultra light howitzer is amongst the equip - ence that it has gained in the north-eastern its own which are customised to move contin - ment that is included in the artillery Profile states and Jammu and Kashmir. uously with the indian army formations on 2027 prepared by the artillery directorate With the US, the indian army’s mecha - ground. this will lend greater combat edge to General dynamics armament and technical of army. the procurement on single vendor nised infantry forces will hold an exercise, the field formations of the army. Products has been awarded a contract for basis from St Kinetics, Singapore, is sub “Yudh abhyas,” in rajasthan this year, the production and supply of more than two judice. the option of procuring the equip - when they will both field their tanks and BEML BH100 REAR DUMP TRUCK dozen GaU-19/B Gatling gun systems for ment through the US Government (FmS armoured personnel carrier. most other LAUNCHED WITH ALLISON H8610A installation on the US army helicopters. route) is also being pursued. the field evalu - exercises are still under finalisation and the BemL Limited, the premier earthmoving Under the contract, the company will also ation of ultra light howitzer comprises three venues and dates are likely to be finalised equipment manufacturing company under provide field support, spare parts and logis - parts viz. user trials, dGQa trials and main - soon. the other nations to join the exercises the ministry of defence, showcased its latest tics support to the army. Currently fielded on tainability trials. out of these, only user tri - this year will be mongolia, Bangladesh, 100-tonne rear dump truck with an allison the US armed forces’ aircraft, ground vehi - als of the gun proposed to be procured nepal, australia, and Central asian nations. H8610a transmission in the fourth interna - cles and ships, the .50-calibre GaU-19/B is through the US Government have been com - tional mining, exploration, mineral Process - a lighter version of the GaU-19/a three-bar - pleted. the performance of the gun can be INDIAN ARMY DEMANDS ATTACK ing technology & machinery exhibition held rel heavy machine gun. the weapon offers ascertained only after evaluation of all three HELICOPTERS TO FORM at Salt Lake Stadium Ground, Kolkata, from quick reaction and greater firepower against trial reports. the field evaluation trial report ‘AVIATION BRIGADE’ January 28-31, 2012. light vehicles and ground forces when of the guns was a confidential document. the indian army has expressed the need for BH100 is the largest rear dump truck mounted on armoured personnel carriers Four pages of draft field trial report were its own attack helicopters for aerial support produced by BemL. this new allison auto - (aPCs) or utility vehicles including the high received in an anonymous envelope by the to its tanks and troops in future battlefield matic equipped vehicle is designed to deliver mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle army Headquarters. an enquiry in the mat - scenarios. the concept of an aviation outstanding productivity, reliability and (HmmWV). When fielded as a secondary ter is under way. detailed instructions about brigade has been created for the indian durability, along with an increased level of armament on larger weapon systems, the security of classified documents exist. aber - army for seamless battlefield operations. the manoeuvrability, comfort and safety. gun provides protection against close-in rations, if any, are dealt with as per the rele - need for the indian army was conceived and allison’s fully automatic power shifting ground threats and air defence capability. vant rules. finalised during the “exercise Sudarshan transmissions combine all the benefits of t e Shakti” in the deserts of rajasthan. Hence, proven, hydraulic torque converter technol - US ARMY DEPLOYS GDC4S RIFLEMAN n . s ARMY PLANS 20 WAR GAMES WITH an aviation Brigade Headquarters may also ogy with advanced closed-loop adaptive con - RADIOS TO AFGHANISTAN e c FRIENDLY NATIONS r be on the anvil. trols. a special feature of H8610a is the dual the US army has deployed the General o f in its bid to have greater engagement with for - according to sources, indian army will torque path which provides high torque for dynamics C4 Systems (GdC4S) joint tactical d n eign militaries, indian army will this year have ‘aviation brigades’ which will comprise greater tractive effort at launch. advanced radio system (JtrS) handheld, manpack and a l s hold about 15 to 20 bilateral war games with of three squadrons of helicopters. the first CeC2 controls link the engine, transmission, small form fit (HmS) rifleman radio p s

. friendly nations like the US, russia, France squadron will consist of helicopters used for and vehicle systems for optimum perform - (an/PrC-154) and itronix Gd300 wearable w and Britain, apart from neighbours airlifting heavy equipment, the second for ance and vocational value. optimisation of computer with its 75th ranger regiment in w

w Bangladesh, myanmar and nepal. the exer - reconnaissance purposes while the third the entire driveline system results in consis - afghanistan.

14 SP’s LAND FORCES 1/2012 interception altitude and its degree of opera - nato mission in afghanistan. Besides the tional flexibility. supply of helicopters, the contract also cov - ers the delivery of spare parts, ground-ser - Publisher and Editor-in-Chief SAGEM TO UPGRADE M270 MULTI - vice facilities, detachable armaments, as well Jayant Baranwal PLE-LAUNCH ROCKET SYSTEMS as the rendering of logistical support. Editor Cassidian has awarded a contract to Sagem Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor BOEING TO DELIVER ADDITIONAL to supply its Sigma 30 inertial navigation Assistant Group Editor system (inS) to upgrade the self-propelled CH-47F CHINOOK HELICOPTERS R. Chandrakanth m270 mars multiple launch rocket system Senior Technical Group Editor (mLrS) artillery systems of the German, ital - Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand ian and French armies. Under the contract, five artillery regiments of the three armies Contributing Editor as part of the planned operational will be upgraded to the guided multiple Air Marshal (Retd) V.K. Bhatia assessments, the radios and Gd300 comput - launch rocket system (GmLrS) configura - Sr. Copy Editor & Correspondent ers were deployed to provide rangers with tion. designed specifically for high-perfor - Sucheta Das Mohapatra intra-squad communications and run the mance land navigation and artillery Contributors tactical ground reporting (tiGr) system to applications, the Sigma 30 system employs India send text messages, situation reports and digital laser gyro technology for operation in General (Retd) V.P. Malik, Lt General (Retd) other battlefield information. Conducted by demanding conditions. the system can Vijay Oberoi, Lt General (Retd) R.S. Nagra, the JtrS, HmS programme office and the either operate independently or coupled to a Lt General (Retd) S.R.R. Aiyengar, Air ranger regiment, the operational assess - latest-generation selective availability anti- Marshal (Retd) Vinod Patney, Major General ment follows three separate successful eval - spoofing module (SaaSm)-type GPS receiver (Retd) Ashok Mehta, Major General (Retd) uations in 2011 and will be responsible for and offers a pointing accuracy greater than G.K. Nischol, Brigadier (Retd) Gurmeet Kanwal, Brigadier (Retd) S. Mishra, the future fielding of the rifleman radio to one angular mil for azimuth and 0.5 mil for Rohit Sharma the army as a whole. elevation. the Sigma 30 enables high-preci - the US army has awarded a $370 million sion firing of new unitary warhead rockets contract to Boeing for the delivery of 14 Chairman & Managing Director ISRAEL TESTS ARROW 3 ANTI- to a range of several dozen kilometres, additional CH-47F Chinook helicopters to Jayant Baranwal BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEM including in an electronic warfare environ - australia and Uae as part of the US foreign Executive Vice President the israeli defense ministry has completed ment as a component of the european Fire military sales (FmS) programme. Under the (Planning & Business Development) testing of the arrow 3 anti-ballistic missile Control System (eFCS) integrated into the terms of a previous FmS agreement between Rohit Goel system designed to protect the nation against rocket launcher system. the navigation sys - the US Government and the two countries, Administration & Coordination long-range ballistic missile threats in the tem is also capable of the digitisation of the company will provide seven of the 14 Bharti Sharma, Survi Massey stratosphere. a model of the interceptor mis - 105mm light cannons and 120mm smooth - new Chinooks to the australian defence Senior Art Director sile was launched during the testing in order bore or riffled mortars. the system is used by Force, while Uae will receive six aircraft. Anoop Kamath to check the propulsion system, as well as nato and more than 25 armies worldwide the company recently invested $130 mil - Design other tracking sensors. an upgraded version for towed and tracked howitzers, mLrS, and lion to establish a Chinook manufacturing Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht of the arrow 2 defence system, arrow 3 is mortars including Caesar, archer artillery facility near Philadelphia, US. the remain - Sales & Marketing designed to intercept long-range missiles systems, 2r2m mobile mortars, and the ing aircraft will be delivered to the US army Director Sales & Marketing : Neetu Dhulia including intermediate-range ballistic mis - Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher in to fulfill its requirements, starting in 2014. Head Vertical Sales : Rajeev Chugh siles at altitudes of over 100 km as well as europe and the middle east. SP’s Website those equipped with non-conventional war - ITT EXELIS RECEIVES US ARMY Sr. Web Developer : Shailendra P. Ashish heads. developed through a joint effort RENAULT TO SUPPLY SHERPA TRUCKS SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Web Developer : Ugrashen Vishwakarma between the israel missile defense organisa - FOR FRENCH ARMED FORCES CONTRACT tion and the US missile defense agency since itt exelis has received a wide-band satellite Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on 2002, the arrow 3 features capabilities simi - communications (SatCom) operations and behalf of SP Guide Publications Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication lar to the systems present on the US aegis technical support (WSotS) contract to pro - may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval destroyers and is able to intercept missiles at vide mission support for the US army’s wide - system, or transmitted in any form or by any great altitudes and distances. arrow 3 is band satellite operations centres and means, photocopying, recording, electronic, capable of intercepting missiles from land as management sites worldwide. the $121mil - or otherwise without the prior written well as from sea, thereby, improving the lion cost-plus-fixed-fee contract, awarded by permission of the publishers. destroyer’s capabilities in terms of missile- the US army Space and missile defense Printed in India Command (USaSmdC) and the army Forces by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd >> SHOW CALENDAR Strategic Command (arStrat), includes a © SP Guide Publications, 2011 one-year base period of performance and six one-year option periods. Under the contract, Annual Subscription 20-23 February Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 International Armoured Vehicles the company will continue to provide sup - Email: [email protected] FiVe, Farnborough, UK renault trucks defense (rtd) has been port for the army’s global network and com - www.internationalarmouredvehicles.com awarded a contract to supply Sherpa puter systems for critical military satellite Letters to Editor medium trucks used to refuel the French communications. [email protected] 24-25 February armed forces’ aircraft. the trucks will be able For Advertising Details, Contact: International Conference On to refuel all types of aircraft including DELIVERY OF THE 100TH BOXER [email protected] Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles unmanned aerial vehicles (UaVs) in rough the Boxer Programme division celebrated [email protected] (iCaUV 2012) terrain because of their mobility. the con - the delivery of the 100th Boxer on January [email protected] eagleton Golf resort, Bangalore, india tract, awarded by the French armed Forces 20, 2012. delivery of the vehicles to Ger - SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD http://icauv2012.org Fuel Service (Sea), is in response to a bid many is not yet at full speed, but sufficient Corporate Office submitted by the company for the air-trans - Boxers are delivered by the arteC consor - A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, 13-15 march portable multipurpose tactical tanker-truck tium to support the training of the German New Delhi 110 003, India Soldier Modernisation Asia 2012 Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, Swissôtel merchant Court, Singapore (CCPta) tender floated in november 2011. troops in preparation for the operations in the contract includes the supply of 30 vehi - afghanistan. Since august 2011 five Boxers 24620130 www.soldiermodasia.com/Event.aspx?id= Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 633676 cles and an option for an additional 20 of the armoured personnel carrier (aPC) trucks, and the qualification phase will be type have been operating at full extent in Regd Office 27-29 march conducted in 2012, followed by deliveries in masar-i-Sharif. another 75 Boxer vehicles Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 Future Artillery 2013. the Sherpa medium is a family of 6x6 in 3 versions are expected to be delivered for Email: [email protected] radisson Blu Portman Hotel, London, UK and 4x4 tactical trucks with a tank capacity the German troops in 2012. Representative Offices www.future-artillery.com/Event.aspx?id= of 5m 3, which is sufficient to refuel all types BENGALURU , INDIA 593180 of aircraft, including eurocopter Cougar and BAE SYSTEMS AND GENERAL DYNAM - Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey tiger attack helicopters as well as UaVs. ICS TEAM TO DEVELOP AFFORDABLE 534, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kammanhalli Main Rd, 29 march–1 april ‘SMART’ 81MM MORTAR ROUND Bangalore 560043, India. Defexpo India 2012 AFGHAN ARMY TO RECEIVE RUSSIAN Bae Systems and General dynamics ord - Tel: +91 (80) 23682534 Pragati maidan new delhi, india MI-17V-5 HELICOPTERS nance and tactical Systems have teamed to MOSCOW, RUSSIA www.defexpoindia.in the afghan national army (ana) will take develop, demonstrate, and produce the LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin delivery of the remaining 12 mi-17V-5 81mm roll controlled guided mortar (rCGm), Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., 16-18 april 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. Defence Logistics UAE 2012 multi-role military transport helicopters an affordable 81mm precision mortar round. under contract with russia in July 2012, the the companies have been maturing the Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, armed Forces officers Club, abu dhabi, Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 Uae russian Federal military-technical Cooper - guided mortar technology over the last 12 www.spguidepublications.com www.defencelogisticsuae.com/Event.aspx?i ation Service has confirmed. the service months and will be conducting tactical d=626748 said, “the remaining 12 mi-17V-5 helicop - demonstrations early in 2012. www.spslandforces.net ters and related equipment will be delivered the 81mm rCGm uses the current UK RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25818 23-25 april during the first half of 2012.” the deliveries L41 round and US m734a1 fuze, but incor - Tactical Communications 2012 are part of a $367.5 million contract signed porates GPS guidance and General dynam - mayfair Conference Centre, London between the US army Forces Command and ics’ patented roll Controlled Fixed Canard www.tacticalcommunicationsevent.com state-arm-exporter rosoboronexport in may (rCFC) technology to provide a precision 2011 for a total of 21 helicopters for the strike capability.

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