Afs Deskbook
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ABORIGINAL FISllERIES e STRATEGY DEPARTMENT OF'FISllERIES AND OCEANS PACIFIC REGION AFS DESKBOOK JANUARY 1995 .:.::j.. ... "'-:;,,· ·. ;.. ,..,. ; ~. '. ""': "-< ~'- <., ~:::.>~~;: ..:::_ ABORIGINAL FISHERIES STRATEGY DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS PACIFIC REGION AFS DESKBOOK © JANUARY 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . • 1 What is the purpose of this book? • • • • • • • 0 • • 1 What is the Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy (AFS)? • . 1 Why was AFS initiated? • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • 2 RELATIONSHIP TO COMPREHENSIVE LAND CLAIMS • • . • • • 3 FUNDING LEVELS . 4 LEGAL IMPETUS • • . .• • 4 TREATIES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA . • • • 0 • • • 0 • • • 0 • 5 ABORIGINAL RIGHTS AND EXTINGUISHMENT 0 • • • • 0 • .. 5 Van der Peet/Gladstone NTC Smokehouse Right to Sell • • • • • • • . 11 SUMMARY OF LEGAL IMPETUS . 12 Calder (1973) ••• . 12 Baker Lake ( 1980) • • • . 12 constitution Act, 1982 • . 12 Guerin (1984) • • • • • • • 12 Sparrow (1990) • • • • • 0 9 e G 0 12 Delqamuukw (1993) . • • 13 Van der Peet/Gladstone/NTC Smokehouse (1993) . 13 AGREEMENTS • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • 0 • • • • • • • 13 ALLOCATION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • 14 Four Year Average 1988 - 1991 • • • • • 15 COMMUNAL LICENCES • • • • • 16 COMMERCIAL SALE OF FISH • • • 0 17 PILOT SALES • • 17 PROGRAMS WITHIN ABORIGINAL FISHERIES STRATEGY (AFS) • • • 18 Pacific Licence Retirement Program • • • • • . • • 18 Training Program for Aboriginal Fishery Guardians • • • 19 Enforcement • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 o BRITISH COLUMBIA NATIVE ORGANIZATIONS • • 0 • 0 • . ., 21 BANDS AND AFFILIATED TRIBAL COUNCILS 22 TRIBAL COUNCILS IN B.C ••• • • 0 • • • • • . 29 i January 1995 ORGANIZATION CHART: Director.' s Office, Treaty Negotiation 30 ORGANIZATION CHART: AFS Operations Units • • • • • • • • 31 GLOSSARY OF TERMS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 32 Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy (AFS) • • • • 32 Aboriginal Fisheries Agreement • • • • • • • 32 Aboriginal Fishing Authority • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 32 Aboriginal People • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 32 Aboriginal Rights • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 Allocation Agreement • • • • • • • • • . • • • . 33 Assembly of First Nations • • • • • • • • • • • 33 13et:k.eJ: I..Cl.]{~ • • • • • • • • • • o • • • • ~ • 34 Band Council • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . 34 B.C. Aboriginal Fisheries Commission (BCAFC) •••• 34 B.C. Claims Task Force (BCCTF) ••••••••• 34 B.C. Fisheries Commission (BCFC) •••••••• 34 B.C. Fishermen's Survival coalition •••••• 35 Boldt Decision . o • • • • o 35 B.C. Treaty commission ••••••••••• 35 Calder (CALDER v. AGBC. [1973] supreme court of Canada) . 36 Cooperative Management ("Co-Management") •••••• 36 communal Fishing Licence • • • • • • • • • • ~ • 36 Contribution Agreements • • • • • • • • • • • . 37 DelgamuukWCGitksan-Wet 1 suwet 1 en)(DELGAMUUKW v. The Queen, )(B.c. Court of Appeal, . 37 DFO e • m • • • • • 0 • • • • • • 0 • • 0 & • • 38 DIANO «> • • e • • • • • • • • • • • • e • • • 0 38 Federal Treaty Negotiation Off ice (FTNO) • • • • 38 Fiduciary Duty • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38 First Nations Summit • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . 38 Fisheries Council of B.C. • •••••• 39 First Nation . e • • 39 Framework Agreement (AFS) • • • • • • • • • • • • • 39 Guerin: (GUERIN v. the Queen, <[19841 2 s.c.R. 335) . 39 Interior Indian Fisheries Commission (IIFC) • • • • 39 Inuit $ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • G • • • • • • " 39 Met is . o • • • • • • • • • • o 4 • 40 Nation (Indian Nation) • • • • • • • • • 40 Native Brotherhood of B. C. (NBBC) • • • 40 Non-status (Indian) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 40 Pacific Licence Retirement Program • • • • • • • • • 40 DFO Pilot Sales • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 40 Right to Sell • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • 41 Royal Proclamation of 1763 • • • • • • • • • . • • • 41 Section 35 (section 35 Constitution Act, 1982) • • • • • • • 41 Skeena Fisheries Commission • • • • • . • • • . • • 42 Sparrow (Resina vs SPARROW, t1990J 1SCR 1075 supreme court of Canada) 42 Status (Indian) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • 43 Sui Generis • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 43 Third Party (Interests, Consultation} • • • 43 Tribal Council • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 43 Van der Peet/Gladstone/NTC Smokehouse (Right to sell . 44 United Native Nations (UNN) • • • • • • • • • . 45 ii January 1995 INDEX 46 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS 54 iii January 1995 ! ! ! ! ! ! ' ! ' ! l ! l ! l z:< ! l ! ! l I '! l !' l ! l ! l I () ! I l ! ! j l ! l j ! j l ! I t.:; ! ! j ! ! l i ! ! ! j ! l ! i !":"'. ! i ! ! ! l i ! ! ' ! ! ! ! i {D l ! l ' ! l j ! l ! l ! l ! ) ! ! j ! ! ! ! l ! ! ! ! l ! l ! l l ! l ! l ! ! l ! ! l ! l ! ! l ! j ! ! ! . ! ! i ! l ! ! ! l ! i ! ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! l >' ! j ! ! ! j ! j ! ! ! ! ! l ! ! l ! i l i ! ! l i ! ! l ! l ! ! ! ! l l l j l l ! ! l l l i j ! j ! j ! ! ! i ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ' ! l l ! l ! l ! l ! l !' ! ! ! l l l I ! i l j l j ! ! ' ! ' ! >' i ! i ! ! '> l ! ! !' l ! ! ! l ! ! ! ! l ! ! ! l ! l ! l ! l ! ! l ! l I ! ! l ! ! I j ! ! ! I l ! ! j ! ! ! ! ! ! ' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I • ! ! l '! l ! l ! ! ! I ! l l I ! i ! l ·! I l 1. ! ! I ! l ! I ! I ! I ! ~ I ! l ! I ! j ! l ! ! ! ! l ! l ! ! ! l ! l ! l l i l ! l ! ! i ! l l f i ! ! ! i ! >' i l ! i ! ! ' ! ! ! ! ! l ! ! ! ! ! ! l ! ! !' ! ! l i ! ! ! ! l ! · l l l ! i ! l ! l l '> l l ! l ! ! '> ! i ! j ! i ! l i l ! l ! I ! ! l ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! l ! ; l ! ! ! ! ! ! i l ! ! ! ! ! l ! l ! l l l ! l ! i ! l l l l >' l ! l ! l ! l ! i ! ! ! l ! j ! l ! ! ! ! ! ! ! i ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! l ! l ! l ! ! . i ! i ! ! ! i l. l ! l l ~ ! l ! i ! l ! l ! l ! l ! ' ! j ! j ! l ! 1 ! ! ! 1 ! ! i ! ! ! ! ! ! l i l ! ! ! ! ! ! i ! ! ! ! l l ! i ! i l l ! l l l ! l l l ! ! ! ! ! j ! l ! l ! l ! j ! •' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! l ! t ! l ! l ! l ! l ! ! ! . l ! ! E l l l ' ! I l i ! ' l l ! f l ! AFS DESKBOOK INTRODUCTION What is the purpose of this book? This book is intended to provide an understanding about ~he strategy and course of action that the Department of Fisheries & Oceans (DFO) is taking in response to Court directives and Federal policy for the management of Aboriginal fisheries. With the evolving comprehensive treaty negotiations in British Columbia the management of fisheries may take some different shapes. This book will show how the Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy {AFS) can serve to manage the Aboriginal fisheries in the interim period (between now and the settlement of treaties) in a way that is consistent with the exercise of Aboriginal and Treaty Rights and which upholds the honour of the Crown while also experimenting with new potential Aboriginal fisheries and fishing methods and various projects. This book is intended as a general source of information for field staff in the Pacific Region of the Department of Fisheries & oceans. What is the Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy (AFS)? The Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy is a Federal government initiative approved by Cabinet and announced in June 1992 as a long-term national strategy to enhance Aboriginal participation in fisheries. Fish resources are of fundamental importance to Aboriginal · peoples in Canada • . Since the management of fisheries falls primarily within the Federal jurisdiction, Aboriginal groups in British Columbia are pressing the Federal government for significant policy changes to recognize the Aboriginal fishing rights which they are asserting and to test the Federal commitment to a broader Native agenda regarding Aboriginal rights and economic development. The Department of Fisheries & Oceans (DFO) does not have the mandate to enter into agreements with Aboriginal organizations which seek to define or limit Aboriginal or treaty rights. To address policy considerations, however, DFO began: 1 January 1995 -------------~----------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------' ' ------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------M-------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------~-------- NEGOTIATING interim agreements on fisheries management, SPARROW-related allocations and economic development with Aboriginal organizations; ENTERING INTO smaller-scale agreements with Aboriginal groups where Aboriginal or treaty rights are not outstanding; ENSURING the interests of others who participate in fisheries are represented and protected through a consultative process; and FUNDING Aboriginal groups to support cooperative fisheries management, related training, economic development, and associated negotiation and consultation costs to reach interim agreements. Why was AFS initiated? Since 1982 the Constitution of Canada has recognized and affirmed existing Aboriginal (non-treaty) and treaty rights. The Constitution Act, 1982 states: 11 35 (1) The existing Aboriginal and treaty rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada are hereby recognized and affirmed." In the years which have followed that enactment, the question of the extent of the Aboriginal and treaty rights has been raised anew. Natives have attempted to determine through the courts, either as civil claims or as defence to fishing and hunting prosecutions, the extent of their Aboriginal rights. Section 35 (1) of the Constitution